NeuronalNeuronsProgenitor cellsPluripotent stemTissuesProliferationRegenerationDentate gyrusOligodendrocytesMesenchymalTumoursOrgansDifferentiationOriginateVivoNeurotrophicNSCsRegenerativeCorticalBiolNeurogenesis occursMSCsDifferentiateEpithelialInterestinglyParadigmInhibitory effectMechanismsPopulationsBrainHomeostasisRegenerateTransplantationHumanSynapsesProteinMigrationMaturationDeterminationPartiallyTherapiesGene expressionRetinal diseasesIntravitreal injectionFunctionalMitochondrialBiologyMolecularBiologicalDistinctHematopoieticSurvivalDifferentiated cell fateMechanismOrganismsOcularGliaMurine
Neuronal9
- One advantage of gyrification is thought to be increased speed of brain cell communication, since cortical folds allow for cells to be closer to one other, requiring less time and energy to transmit neuronal electrical impulses, termed action potentials. (wikipedia.org)
- When transplanted into a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) these neural stem cells generated mature neuronal subtypes, were able to integrate and grow axons that projected over long distances and connected with the recipient's neurons. (genengnews.com)
- This approach alters the grafts' response in the injury environment and confers enhanced neuronal differentiation capacity, survival, and integration, as well as reduced glial scar formation to provide a more effective stem cell therapy for severe traumatic SCI. (genengnews.com)
- Neuronal cells (green) soon follow. (neurosciencenews.com)
- However, evaluating the precise effects of dR on neuronal functions in cultured cells under physiological conditions over a long period of time is difficult. (nature.com)
- Formation of the cerebral cortex and commissures involves a complex developmental process defined by multiple molecular mechanisms governing proliferation of neuronal and glial precursors, neuronal and glial migration, and patterning events. (bvsalud.org)
- Moreover, certain drugs, such as antidepressants, can accelerate production of neurons from cortical NPCs, and increased neurons from cortical NPCs have the inhibitory effect on neuronal cell death, which is induced by global ischemia 4 . (jneurology.com)
- The robust native fluorescence of these reporters enables direct visualization of fine dendritic structures and axonal projections of the labeled neurons, which is useful in mapping neuronal circuitry, imaging and tracking specific cell populations in vivo. (bioseek.eu)
- Initially, two‐dimensional neural cultures presented an innovative landmark for investigating human neuronal and, more recently, glial biology, as well as for modeling brain neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. (ehu.eus)
Neurons20
- turn into functioning adult neurons? (scienceblogs.com)
- But if there is no Intelligent Designer, and instead, things evolved, then it is quite possible that the lack of novel fully formed and hooked up neurons in an adult human (which seems to be the general rule of thumb, for whatever reason) is not necessarily achieved via some highly sensible planned out feature. (scienceblogs.com)
- If it turns out that neurogenesis occurs in the adult human nose but that those nascent neurons never enervate, well, that is what we might expect evolution, which is not intelligent but, rather, pragmatic, to come up with. (scienceblogs.com)
- But, when the question comes up "Do humans generate new neurons as adults" please make sure that the assumption that they do is not based on this earlier nose research, or on any studies that merely looked for new neuron proteins. (scienceblogs.com)
- The researchers showed that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural stem cells engineered with reduced expression of a gene called SOX9 differentiate preferentially into spinal motor neurons. (genengnews.com)
- Spinal neurons around the scar cannot be restored due to the low intrinsic regenerative ability of undamaged neurons and the lack of neural stem cells in the adult spinal cord. (genengnews.com)
- spinal composition and architectures within and around the scar cannot be restored due to low intrinsic regenerative ability of neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) and the postinjury environment. (genengnews.com)
- Transplantation of human NSCs (hNSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells at the SCI sites has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy to compensate for the loss of spinal neurons, and could feasibly enable their connectivity with host neurons, leading to spinal cord recovery. (genengnews.com)
- Gene delivery of secretable neuroprotective factors to Müller cells, a type of retinal glia that contacts all classes of retinal neurons, represents an ideal approach to mediate protection of the entire retina. (justia.com)
- Cell-specific expression of the gene that encodes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the normal development of peripheral sensory neurons and efficient synaptic transmission in the mature. (biomedcentral.com)
- Diminished myelin levels lead to further cell death in which unmyelinated neurons die. (karger.com)
- In appendix, there is corroboration that DRG-infiltrating unaffected cells present to unbidden activity of injured neurons. (daubnet.com)
- It is widely accepted that new neurons are generated throughout life, which is called adult neurogenesis, in limited regions of the adult mammalian brain, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. (jneurology.com)
- In these regions, neural stem cells (NSCs) and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been reported to proliferate and produce postmitotic neurons. (jneurology.com)
- In the last decade, cortical adult neurogenesis and its neural stem cells (NSCs), which are self-renewing and can generate neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which have a tendency to differentiate into certain types of neurons, have been found in the cerebral cortex of adult mammals 3 . (jneurology.com)
- After that, using the DNA synthesis marker tritiated thymidine, Altman rediscovered the addition of new neurons in the cerebral cortex of adult rats 6 . (jneurology.com)
- These RAS peptides are present in astrocytes, glial cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons of various areas of the brain [ 14 , 15 ] such as the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It is present centrally in the brain with about 90% being expressed in astroglial cells and in some neurons present in regions of the brain controlling cardiovascular and other metabolic functions [ 18 , 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It has been implicated in multiple forms of neural plasticity, and active (de) methylation is an important regulator of gene expression in adult neurons involved in learning and memory [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes as Scalable and Editable Source to Study Direct Lineage Reprogramming Into Induced Neurons. (antibodiesinc.com)
Progenitor cells10
- Interestingly, Lin28B inhibits the processing of mature let7 miRNA, which functions to induce cell cycle exit in progenitor cells [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Studies using a zebrafish model further illustrate an important role of Lin28A in the recovery of progenitor cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Asmani, M.N., J. Ai, G. Amoabediny, A. Noroozi, M. Azami, S. Ebrahimi-Barough, M. Navaei-Nigjeh, A. Ai, M. Jafarabadi (2013) Three-dimensional culture of differentiated endometrial stromal cells to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in fibrin hydrogel. (karger.com)
- Bakshi, A., C.A. Keck, V.S. Koshkin, D.G. LeBold, R. Siman, E.Y. Snyder, T.K. McIntosh (2005) Caspase-mediated cell death predominates following engraftment of neural progenitor cells into traumatically injured rat brain. (karger.com)
- Therefore, the therapeutic use of appropriate populations derived from stem and progenitor cells has been considered for cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, primarily Parkinson's disease, and brain injuries. (ehu.eus)
- The most important difference between SCs and progenitor cells is that SCs can replicate indefinitely, whereas progenitor cells can divide only a limited number of times. (biomedcentral.com)
- She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
- Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
- Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
- Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
Pluripotent stem6
- Their team focuses on using human induced pluripotent stem cells to grow human tissues inside pigs. (the-scientist.com)
- Human pluripotent stem cells harbor the potential to provide an inexhaustible supply of donor cells or tissues or organs for transplantation," Wu wrote in an email. (the-scientist.com)
- In 2007, a team at Kyoto University created pluripotent stem cells from adult human somatic cells (4). (the-scientist.com)
- Researchers began to dream of a future in which a patients' own cells, perhaps from the blood or the skin, could be converted into these induced pluripotent stem cells and grown into whatever organ the patient needed. (the-scientist.com)
- In particular, the advent of human embryonic stem cells followed by reprograming technologies for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells have instigated studies into modeling human brain development and disease by providing a means to simulate a human tissue otherwise completely or largely inaccessible to researchers. (ehu.eus)
- Since the introduction of the mouse small intestinal organoid model in 2009, 1 there has been an avalanche of developments in this field, including development of culture conditions for human organoids derived from primary colonic tissue, 2 as well as from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (stemcell.com)
Tissues10
- This can range from the relatively pedestrian, such as a person who received a bone marrow transplant, to creatures that seem more at home in science fiction, such as animals containing cells or tissues belonging to other species. (the-scientist.com)
- The brain is made of a lot of different tissues and cells which can each develop into different types of tumours. (animalresearch.info)
- Cells Tissues Organs (2016) 202 (1-2): 85-101. (karger.com)
- The wide range of manifestations observed in patients with mitochondrial disease results from varying fractions of abnormal mtDNA molecules in different cells and tissues, a phenomenon termed heteroplasmy. (jci.org)
- However, the landscape of heteroplasmy across cell types within tissues and its influence on phenotype expression in affected patients remains largely unexplored. (jci.org)
- Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
- Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
- In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
- In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
- HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Proliferation5
- Effects of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas on cell proliferation and on the population of doublecortin positive cells within the dentate gyrus and the piriform cortex. (mbfbioscience.com)
- In neonatal murine cochlear organoids and explants, Lin28B antagonizes the activity of let7 miRNA and increases Akt-mTORC1 signaling to promote hair cell regeneration from immature supporting cells by inducing their de-differentiation and proliferation as well as by directly converting them into hair cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- From the onset of carcinogenesis, cancer cells continuously adapt and evolve to satiate their ever-growing proliferation demands. (bvsalud.org)
- Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Pulmonary LAM is a disorder resulting from abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells within the lungs. (medscape.com)
Regeneration10
- Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote axonal regeneration and prevent hypersensitivity after spinal cord injury. (mbfbioscience.com)
- This is one of nature's most remarkable feats of regeneration," said the study's senior investigator Kenneth Poss, professor of cell biology and director of the Regeneration Next initiative at Duke. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Consistent with this activity, functional analyses in mice suggest that Lin28B plays an important role in hair cell development and regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Thus, Lin28B functions in hair cell regeneration through mitotic and non-mitotic mechanisms, which are dependent on mitotic division or trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells, respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
- This suggests that coactivation of Lin28B and Follistatin may represent an endogenous mechanism mediating reprogramming of supporting cells for hair cell regeneration. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Lin28A is required for hair cell regeneration in the mammalian cochlea, and may function in redundant processes with Lin28B [ 3 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- however, stem cell injection alone has been unsuccessful in many areas of neural regeneration. (karger.com)
- All stem cells are undifferentiated cells that exhibit unlimited self-renewal and can generate multiple cell lineages or more restricted progenitor populations that can contribute to tissue homeostasis by replenishing the cells or to tissue regeneration after injury. (biomedcentral.com)
- 17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)
- Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Dentate gyrus1
- There are many reports that adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampal dentate gyrus (HDG) of mammalian brains since the 1960s 1,2 . (jneurology.com)
Oligodendrocytes2
- The regrowth of myelinating oligodendrocytes from neural stem cells through a biomaterials approach may prove to be a beneficial strategy following the onset of demyelination. (karger.com)
- This article reviews recent advancements in biomaterial strategies for the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, and presents new data indicating appropriate properties for oligodendrocyte precursor cell growth. (karger.com)
Mesenchymal1
- Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. (immune-source.com)
Tumours4
- Tumours are usually named after the type of cell they develop from. (animalresearch.info)
- The most common type of brain tumours in adults are called gliomas and originate from glial cells. (animalresearch.info)
- Carmustine implants (glial wafers) - a new way of giving chemotherapy for some high-grade tumours, where implants are inserted into the brain. (animalresearch.info)
- 6 7 These glial-derived tumours are graded by WHO into four categories, termed WHO grade 1-4. (bmj.com)
Organs4
- Animals with human cells could provide donor organs or help us understand neuropsychiatric disorders. (the-scientist.com)
- Other scientists, including Jun Wu, a stem cell biologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, are also studying chimeras with the ultimate goal of one day being able to grow enough human organs to meet the enormous need for transplants, potentially saving hundreds of thousands of lives. (the-scientist.com)
- since the new organs would be made from their own cells, they wouldn't have to worry about organ rejection. (the-scientist.com)
- Some researchers are attempting to use stem cells to bioengineer human organs in the lab in vitro , rather than inside another species (5). (the-scientist.com)
Differentiation7
- In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Prolonged expression of Lin28B delays prosensory cell cycle exit and prevents hair cell differentiation, suggesting that it functions to increase hair cell production [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Therefore, the antagonistic actions of Lin28B and let7 miRNA coordinate the timing of prosensory cell cycle withdrawal for hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Therefore, researchers have begun exploring combined therapies with biomaterials that promote cell growth and differentiation while localizing cells in the injured area. (karger.com)
- Aizawa, Y., N.D. Leipzig, T. Zahira, M.S. Shoichet (2008) The effect of immobilized platelet derived growth factor AA on neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation on cell-adhesive hydrogels. (karger.com)
- Several investigations [ 5 - 7 ] have been carried out with isolated embryonic, fetal, and adult SCs in a well-defined culture microenvironment to define the sequential steps and intracellular pathways that are involved in their differentiation into the specific cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
- This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Originate1
Vivo2
- These results strongly circumscribe the possible mechanisms of PINK1 action in the mitochondrial life cycle and also raise the possibility that mitochondrial turnover events that occur in cultured embryonic axons might be restricted to the cell body in vivo, in the intact nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
- These organoids include a polarized epithelial layer that surrounds a functional lumen and contains cell types of the intestinal epithelium present in proportions and relative spatial arrangement that mimic what is observed in vivo. (stemcell.com)
Neurotrophic1
- FIG. 11 depicts enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements of human glial-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) protein in retinal homogenates 2 and 3 months following intravitreal delivery of ShH10.Y445F.scCAG-hGDNF. (justia.com)
NSCs1
- Recently, adult neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex is becoming clear gradually, and cortical NSCs and NPCs are identified in a few mammals. (jneurology.com)
Regenerative4
- In addition, Lin28B functions to enhance the regenerative competence of maturing supporting cells in the cochlea through cooperation with Follistatin, which inhibits Lin28B-induced TGF-ß signaling that can trigger proliferative quiescence [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Since their discovery, stem cells have ushered in a new era in regenerative medicine. (ehu.eus)
- In particular, due to the limited regenerative capacity of the adult nervous system, the therapeutic potential of stem cells has opened up new perspectives for development of treatment strategies for brain repair after injury or disease. (ehu.eus)
- The remarkable progress of regenerative medicine in the last few years indicates promise for the use of stem cells in the treatment of ophthalmic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Cortical4
- This review focuses on the effects of regulating factors on cortical adult neurogenesis, such as brain damages, aging and certain drugs, and we discuss implications of cortical adult neurogenesis for brain diseases and damages. (jneurology.com)
- In this review, I summarize recent studies of cortical adult neurogenesis. (jneurology.com)
- In particular, I focus on regulating factors of cortical adult neurogenesis. (jneurology.com)
- Historically, the discovery of cortical adult neurogenesis is old, and identifying generation of new cells in the adult cerebral cortex was first reported in 1912 5 . (jneurology.com)
Biol4
- J Cell Biol 207(5):643-56. (univ-paris5.fr)
- J Cell Biol 205(2):251-63. (univ-paris5.fr)
- J Cell Biol. (univ-paris5.fr)
- Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)
Neurogenesis occurs1
- On the other hand, it remains controversial whether adult neurogenesis occurs in other regions of the central nervous system (CNS). (jneurology.com)
MSCs2
- Cell cycle analysis showed an accumulation of tumor cells predominantly in 511296-88-1 manufacture G0/G1 phase with an increase in concentration of TD-MSCs, which was confirmed by increased mRNA expression of cell cycle negative regulator p21. (immune-source.com)
- Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. (immune-source.com)
Differentiate3
- Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were first identified in 1961, and their ability to migrate and differentiate into multiple cell types was documented [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- A progenitor cell is a biological cell that, like an SC, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell but is already more specific than an SC and is pushed to differentiate into its 'target' cell. (biomedcentral.com)
- As these cells move upward out of the crypt, they move along signaling gradients that trigger them to differentiate, giving rise to the mature cell types that populate the villus domain. (stemcell.com)
Epithelial5
- Inherited forms of retinal degeneration, which afflict 1 in 3000 people worldwide, arise primarily from mutations in transcripts expressed in rod and cone photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial cells. (berkeley.edu)
- The precise mechanism by which Lin28B and let7 miRNA regulate mTORC1 activity in cochlear epithelial cells awaits further investigation. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Diagram of the small intestinal epithelium highlighting the identity and spatial arrangement of key epithelial cell types. (stemcell.com)
- ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
- HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Interestingly1
- Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
Paradigm2
- Our work reveals a new paradigm in activating the intrinsic programme by using a genetically targeted strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of hNSCs for treating SCI," said research lead Martin Cheung Chi-hang, PhD, associate professor, School of Biomedical Sciences, HKUMed. (genengnews.com)
- The researchers reported on their developments in Advanced Science , in a paper titled, " Transplanting Human Neural Stem Cells with ≈50% Reduction of SOX9 Gene Dosage Promotes Tissue Repair and Functional Recovery from Severe Spinal Cord Injury ," in which they concluded, "Our findings represent a new paradigm in generating genetically modified hNSCs for the treatment of SCI. (genengnews.com)
Inhibitory effect1
- exhibited a growth inhibitory effect on both cell lines. (immune-source.com)
Mechanisms4
- However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
- The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
- By using patient-derived cells from brain surgeries, we investigate cell fate decision mechanisms in the normal brain and in brain malignancies. (stanford.edu)
- Mechanisms and Functions of Vinculin Interactions with Phospholipids at Cell Adhesion Sites. (univ-paris5.fr)
Populations1
- The intestinal epithelium incorporates several distinct cell populations, including the rapidly dividing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that facilitate the typical four-to-five day turnover cycle of the adult intestinal epithelium. (stemcell.com)
Brain14
- Adolescent brain maturation is necessary for adult-typical mesocorticolimbic responses to a rewarding social cue. (mbfbioscience.com)
- A brain tumour is a collection of brain cells that have grown out of control. (animalresearch.info)
- So, if the cancer started in the lung and spread to the brain, the areas of cancer in the brain are made up of lung cancer cells. (animalresearch.info)
- Although wild-type huntingtin is expressed in all cell types, with the highest concentration in the brain [ 7 ], its functions are not yet fully understood [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Bible, E., D.Y. Chau, M.R. Alexander, J. Price, K.M. Shakesheff, M. Modo (2009) The support of neural stem cells transplanted into stroke-induced brain cavities by PLGA particles. (karger.com)
- Using these reporters and a high-throughput in situ hybridization platform, we are systematically profiling Cre-directed gene expression throughout the mouse brain in several Cre-driver lines, including new Cre lines targeting different cell types in the cortex. (bioseek.eu)
- Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
- We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
- We therefore work to gain an understanding of how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells, that could be exploited therapeutically. (stanford.edu)
- In the healthy brain, neuroglia stem cells generate progenitors, which in turn give rise to differentiating cells that will eventually acquire their final functional state. (stanford.edu)
- It is known that brain tumor cells, on the other hand, defy many general principles of neurobiology. (stanford.edu)
- Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)
- Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
- The results indicated that the components of the renin/angiotensin system are available at the level of the brain cell itself. (hindawi.com)
Homeostasis1
- For example, methylation altered by learning could flag genes for regulation only in certain conditions, priming the future activation of specific transcriptional states without disrupting baseline neural function by permanently altering synapses or cell homeostasis [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regenerate2
- Adult zebrafish can regenerate their spinal cords after an injury. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Indeed, when they tried deleting CTGF genetically, those fish failed to regenerate. (neurosciencenews.com)
Transplantation1
- To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
Human7
- Researchers at the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) LKS Faculty of Medicine, and at City University of Hong Kong (CityU) have generated human neural stem cells (hNSCs) that exhibit what they claim is "powerful therapeutic potential" for the treatment of spinal cord injury. (genengnews.com)
- A research team from HKUMed has generated human neural stem cells with powerful therapeutic potential for the treatment of spinal cord injury that paves the way for new therapeutic opportunities. (genengnews.com)
- We think that the developmental cues that exist in the pig will help to guide the human cells inside the porcine embryo. (the-scientist.com)
- Stem cell technologies have opened up new avenues in the study of human biology and disease. (ehu.eus)
- Experimental and human studies with intravitreal bone marrow-derived stem cells have begun. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rubella virus tropism and single-cell responses in human primary tissue and microglia-containing organoids. (antibodiesinc.com)
- Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Synapses1
- Thereafter, using a combination of autoradiography and electron microscopy, Kaplan demonstrated that new cells containing tritiated thymidine are stellate cells that have an axonal hillock, initial segment, and synapses on their dendrites and cell bodies in the cerebral cortex of adult rats 7 . (jneurology.com)
Protein3
- The present disclosure provides adeno-associated virus (AAV) virions with altered capsid protein, where the AAV virions exhibit greater infectivity of retinal cells compared to wild-type AAV. (justia.com)
- Deletion of the cell adhesion adaptor protein vinculin disturbs the localization of GFAP in Bergmann glial cells. (univ-paris5.fr)
- Fluorescent proteins enable a wide range of applications where they have functioned as cell lineage tracers, reporters of gene expression, or as a measure of protein-protein interactions. (antibodiesinc.com)
Migration1
- Vinculin-dependent actin bundling regulates cell migration and traction forces. (univ-paris5.fr)
Maturation1
- The process of autophagy in mammalian cells involves six principal actions: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, maturation, buy 480-11-5 and degradation [27]. (immune-source.com)
Determination2
- Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)
- 2. Murray SM, Yang SY, Van Doren M. Germ cell sex determination: a collaboration between soma and germline. (prolekarniky.cz)
Partially1
- Transit amplifying cells are partially differentiated cells that migrate upward via a physical crypt exclusion mechanism as the ISCs below them divide. (stemcell.com)
Therapies1
- To date, most gene therapies have targeted monogenic recessive retinal diseases and employed viral vectors to transfer a 'normal ' copy of the mutated gene to the affected cell. (berkeley.edu)
Gene expression2
- The Cre/lox system is widely used in mice to achieve cell-type-specific gene expression. (bioseek.eu)
- Loss of Bmdsx gene expression significantly reduced the peripheral perception of the major pheromone component bombykol by reducing expression of the product of the BmOR1 gene which completely blocked courtship in adult males. (prolekarniky.cz)
Retinal diseases1
- This paper reviews recent advances and potential sources of stem cells for cell therapy in retinal diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Intravitreal injection4
- In particular, for retinal gene therapy it would be highly advantageous to transduce a single cell type that spans the entire retina after an intravitreal injection of a gene delivery vehicle for the subsequent secretion of a general neuroprotective factor throughout the retina. (berkeley.edu)
- Although several naturally occurring AAV variants have been isolated with a variety of tropisms, or cellular specificities, these vectors inefficiently infect Müller cells via intravitreal injection. (justia.com)
- FIGS. 2A-I depict rShH10 expression following intravitreal injection in adult rat retina. (justia.com)
- FIGS. 10A-D depict expression of ShH10.Y445F.scCAG-GFP in Müller cells after intravitreal injection. (justia.com)
Functional1
- Recipients showed reduced glial scarring, and dramatic improvements in locomotor and other functional recovery. (genengnews.com)
Mitochondrial2
- Here, we identify nonrandom distribution of a pathogenic mtDNA variant across a complex tissue using single-cell RNA-Seq, mitochondrial single-cell ATAC sequencing, and multimodal single-cell sequencing. (jci.org)
- We profiled the transcriptome, chromatin accessibility state, and heteroplasmy in cells from the eyes of a patient with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and from healthy control donors. (jci.org)
Biology1
- They therefore represent a more realistic cellular environment for modeling the cell biology and pathology of the nervous system. (ehu.eus)
Molecular2
- These molecular markers can be used to identify γ-MNs from birth to the adult and to distinguish γ- from β-motor axons in the periphery. (biomedcentral.com)
- We studied measures of molecular signaling and cell death in a model of SE in mice of both sexes, including wild-type and TrkB Shc/Shc mutant mice in which a point mutation (Y515F) of TrkB prevents the binding of Shc to activated TrkB kinase. (jneurosci.org)
Biological1
- This viral capsid mediates the ability of AAV vectors to overcome many of the biological barriers of viral transduction-including cell surface receptor binding, endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and unpackaging in the nucleus. (justia.com)
Distinct1
- This phenomenon is referred to as cancer plasticity, during which the cancer cells exist in a plethora of cellular states having distinct phenotypes. (bvsalud.org)
Hematopoietic1
- Defining the ultrastructure of the hematopoietic stem cell niche by correlative light and electron microscopy. (neurotree.org)
Survival1
- Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
Differentiated cell fate1
- LIN28 (LIN28A and LIN28B) proteins are highly conserved small cytoplasmic RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that function as pluripotency factors, regulating the transition from self-renewal to a differentiated cell fate [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Mechanism1
- During two years as an instructor and head of a research group in Munich, Germany, Dr. Petritsch and her team showed that cell fate determinants use a bimodal mechanism (diffusion and active capturing) for proper intracellular location. (stanford.edu)
Organisms1
- Single cells and organisms may adapt to harmful oxidative stress conditions, through stress-activated factors. (springer.com)
Ocular1
- The present disclosure further provides methods of delivering a gene product to a retinal cell in an individual, and methods of treating ocular disease. (justia.com)
Glia1
- One of these, called CTGF or connective tissue growth factor, was intriguing because its levels rose in the supporting cells, or glia, that formed the bridge in the first two weeks following injury. (neurosciencenews.com)
Murine1
- Reexamination of amphotropic murine leukemia virus neurovirulence: neural stem cell-mediated microglial infection fails to induce acute neurodegeneration. (omeka.net)