CDNAAntigenProteinsNeuronsAntibodyAffinityMuscarinic acetylchMembraneAgonistChimericEndogenousChemokine ReceptorsCannabinoid receptorsExtracellularMolecularProteinRecombinantIsoformsAntagonistLigandsDistinctSystemic lupus erythemAdenylate cyclase1995GeneDendritic cellsMacrophageCharacterizationMRNASolubleAdrenergicMononuclear cellsAntibodiesMiceSequenceGenesInhibitoryMurineSubtypesImmuneProliferationEpithelialCellularPrecursorTyrosineFragmentsCD46HumanAcetylcholineTissuesSubunitLigandCytokinesKeratinocytesActivationCurrents
CDNA6
- To clone a human CTR (hCTR), a BIN-67 cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe from a porcine renal CTR (pCTR) that we recently cloned. (jci.org)
- Transfection of this cDNA into COS cells resulted in expression of receptors with high affinity for salmon CT (Kd = approximately 0.44 nM) and for human CT (Kd = approximately 5.4 nM). (jci.org)
- The cloned cDNA encodes a putative peptide of 490 amino acids with seven potential transmembrane domains. (jci.org)
- To further characterize the function of DJ-1, we cloned cDNA encoding a novel DJ-1-binding protein, DJBP, by a yeast two-hybrid system. (nih.gov)
- In this article, we report cloning of the rat apelin receptor cDNA. (nih.gov)
- The isolation, characterization, and expression of a full-length cDNA encoding the human T cell glycoprotein CD6 is described. (embl.de)
Antigen12
- We have shown that thyroid epithelial cells (TEC), the only cells that produce TPO, express HLA class II molecules in Graves' disease and can act as an antigen-presenting cells, presenting TPO after endogenous processing to autoantigen-reactive T cell clones. (ox.ac.uk)
- Pre- hematopoietic and other cells, but the Duffy sence of one copy of the deleted CCR5 gene also antigen of erythrocytes (DARC) is the only influences the course of disease as the onset of member expressed on cells of erythroid lineage. (cdc.gov)
- The extracellular domain of CD6 is significantly related to the extracellular domain of the human and mouse T cell antigen CD5, the cysteine-rich domain of the bovine and mouse type I macrophage scavenger receptor, the extracellular domain of the sea urchin spermatozoa protein that crosslinks the egg peptide speract, the mammalian complement factor 1, and the human lung tumor antigen L3. (embl.de)
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has offered a novel approach to treating hematologic cancers since 2017, but there are early signs that these cellular immunotherapies could be repurposed for B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. (medscape.com)
- B-cell targeted therapies have been around since the early 2000s with drugs like rituximab , a monoclonal antibody medication that targets CD20, an antigen expressed on the surface of B cells. (medscape.com)
- The CAR T cells currently available target another surface antigen, CD19, and are a much more potent therapy. (medscape.com)
- In this process, T cells are collected from patients via leukapheresis and then re-engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
- After antigen recognition and activation, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells may trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)
- Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
- In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
Proteins9
- ABA is a stress hormone perceived by the soluble receptor PYR1 (encoded by Pyrabactin resistance 1 ) and its related PYR1- like and R egulatory C omponent of ABA R ecepto r proteins ( PYL/RCAR , PYLs for simplicity) 18 . (nature.com)
- Macrophage scavenger receptors are integral membrane proteins whose ability to bind and degrade modified LDL has implicated them in the process of atherosclerotic foam cell formation. (embl.de)
- The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (embl.de)
- I used a retroviral gene bank as a source for human splenic mRNAs and proteins, which made it pos-sible to screen with antibodies and to screen for receptor positiv cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including p75 TNF-receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type II, p55 TNF-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, L-selectin, growth hormone receptor, MUC1 and the amyloid precursor protein (PubMed:12441351). (qedbio.com)
- TACE also processes other cell surface proteins, including TNF receptor, TGFalpha, L-selectin, and alpha-cleavage of amyloid protein precursor (APP). (qedbio.com)
- Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
- Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
- Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
Neurons3
- The actions of the endogenous ORL 1 -receptor ligand nociceptin on the membrane properties and synaptic currents in rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons were examined by the use of whole-cell patch-clamp recording in brain slices. (jneurosci.org)
- 1990), expressed primarily by neurons, and CB2 receptors (Munro et al. (420magazine.com)
- F) The vast majority of -gal+ (PR+) cells in various regions in PRPL mice are neurons, as evidenced by co-labeling with NeuroTrace (fluorescent Nissl) in the arcuate and NeuN for the remaining regions. (cdc.gov)
Antibody11
- We selected a monoclonal antibody (Mab 5C6) direc-ted to the surface of highly MV-susceptible B cells (B95a), which inhibits binding to and infection of cells with MV wild-type and vaccine-strains. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- By using the suitable antibody 5C6 I successfully screened for receptor expressing cells using magnetic beads and FACS sorting. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- CX3CR1 Antibody: CX3CR1 is one of the chemokine receptors that are required as coreceptors for HIV infection. (prosci-inc.com)
- Description: This MR6F3 antibody recognizes mouse CD206 also known as Macrophage Mannose Receptor (MMR) or Mannose Receptor C, Type 1 (MRC1). (fishersci.com)
- Applications Tested: This MR6F3 antibody has been tested by intracellular staining and flow cytometric analysis of mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells using the Intracellular Fixation & Permeabilization Buffer Set (cat. (fishersci.com)
- A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (fishersci.com)
- Immunofluorescent analysis of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed HeLa cells labeling TACE with 1131 at 10 ug/mL, followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibody at 1/500 dilution (green). (qedbio.com)
- Antibody cloning from two of these animals identified multiple expanded lineages with long heavy chain third complementarity determining regions that cross-neutralized as many as 7 of 19 primary HIV-1 strains, but with low potency. (bvsalud.org)
- Both are effective at depleting B cells in blood, but these engineered CD19-targeted T cells can reach B cells sitting in tissues in a way that antibody therapies cannot, Konig explained. (medscape.com)
- If you have a patient with myositis, for example, where autoreactive B cells are sitting in the inflamed muscle, or a patient with rheumatoid arthritis , where you have disease-relevant B cells in hard-to-reach tissues like the synovium, those cells are much harder to deplete with an antibody, compared to a T cell that evolved to surveil and effectively kill in all tissues," he explained. (medscape.com)
- The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
Affinity6
- Subsequently a stable CHO cell line expressing the receptor fused at its C-terminal part with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was established, allowing to verify its cell surface distribution and to determine the affinity of various apelin and angiotensin fragments on the cloned receptor. (nih.gov)
- The drug has a higher affinity for the former receptors ( 2 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- The other clone (M alpha 2-10H) closely resembles the human alpha 2-C10 subtype in sequence but binds with significantly lower affinity to yohimbine and rauwolscine, members of a distinct class of bulky alpha 2-selective antagonists commonly used to evaluate alpha 2-AR function in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
- Analysis of these receptors identified a conservative Cys201 to Ser201 change in the fifth transmembrane domain of M alpha 2-10H as being responsible for the low affinity of the mouse receptor for yohimbine. (aspetjournals.org)
- IMPORTANCE An effective HIV-1 vaccination strategy will need to stimulate rare precursor B cells of multiple bNAb lineages and affinity mature them along desired pathways. (bvsalud.org)
- The CR1 receptor preferentially binds C3b that is covalently attached to immune complexes, and it has a weaker affinity for bound C4b and iC3b. (medscape.com)
Muscarinic acetylch1
- Ability to displace [3H]N-methylscopolamine from Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 expressed in CHO cells. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Membrane7
- Maturation occurs in the cell membrane resulting in a 180-kDa heterodimeric protein composed of a 40-kDa α-chain and a 150-kDa transmembrane β-chain with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Transfected COS cells synthesized a native trimeric plasma membrane protein that bound labeled bacteria and acetylated LDL, but not yeast or Ficoll. (embl.de)
- The results suggest that the novel protein is a macrophage-specific membrane receptor with a role in host defense, as it shows postnatal expression in macrophages, which are considered responsible for the binding of bacterial antigens and phagocytosis. (embl.de)
- CD206 is a 175-kDa, type 1 integral membrane glycoprotein receptor that is present in macrophages, some dendritic cells, as well as liver and lymphoid endothelial cells. (fishersci.com)
- C ) A representative voltage-clamp recording from the same SAN cell in ( B ). The membrane potential was held at −80 mV, and 1 µM Iso or ACh was applied as indicated. (elifesciences.org)
- Immunoblots from membrane and cytosolic fractions of isolated PF cells revealed conventional (α, βI, and γ), novel (δ and ε), and atypical (ι/λ and ζ) PKCs. (jneurosci.org)
- It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
Agonist5
- Alfentanil is a mu opioid receptor agonist ( 1 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- Buprenorphine is a partial agonist at mu opioid receptors and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (ORL1) receptors ( 2 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- Buprenorphine's active metabolite norbuprenorphine is a partial agonist at mu and kappa receptors and a full agonist at delta and ORL1 receptors ( 2 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- In addition, butorphanol is a full agonist at delta opioid receptors ( 6 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- At kappa opioid receptors, the drug is likely to act as a full agonist ( 7 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
Chimeric2
- To define the domain(s) responsible for this unusual binding property, we constructed a series of M alpha 2-10H/human alpha 2-C10 chimeric receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
- Here, we tested the immunogenicity of germ line-targeting versions of a chimpanzee SIV (SIVcpz) Env in human V2-apex bNAb heavy-chain precursor-expressing knock-in mice and as chimeric simian-chimpanzee immunodeficiency viruses (SCIVs) in rhesus macaques (RMs). (bvsalud.org)
Endogenous4
- To confirm that clones 37 (and its sisters) and 43 recognize different epitopes, the T cell clones were stimulated with a TPO-transfected autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cell line (TPO-EBV) that presents TPO epitopes afer endogenous processing. (ox.ac.uk)
- Only clone 37 and its sisters recognizes the TPO-EBV cell line, suggesting that the epitope recognized by clone 43 is not presented upon endogenous processing. (ox.ac.uk)
- The peptide apelin, recently isolated from bovine stomach tissue extracts, has been identified as an endogenous ligand of the human putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin receptor AT(1) (APJ). (nih.gov)
- This review discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoid compounds at molecular, cellular and whole animal levels, first by examining the evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids obtained using in vivo animal models of clinical neuroinflammatory conditions, specifically rodent models of multiple sclerosis, and second by describing the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system components in immune cells. (420magazine.com)
Chemokine Receptors2
Cannabinoid receptors3
- Aside from these two receptors, evidence exists supporting the presence of yet uncloned cannabinoid receptors, a hypothesis predominantly based on pharmacological activity of cannabinoid compounds in CB1 and CB2 receptor-deficient mice or following the administration of 'selective' CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists (Jarai et al. (420magazine.com)
- 2003). Here cannabinoids are defined as ingredients of the cannabis plant or other compounds that bind to and activate cannabinoid receptors, and Table 1 summarizes their pharmacological properties. (420magazine.com)
- Since these compounds do not act through known cannabinoid receptors (Dajani et al. (420magazine.com)
Extracellular3
- We report that the combination of α1β3ε subunit subtypes expressed in L929 cells produced functional chloride ion channels that were both spontaneously active and gated by the application of extracellular GABA. (aspetjournals.org)
- Parafollicular (PF) cells secrete 5-HT in response to stimulation of a G-protein-coupled Ca 2+ receptor (CaR) by increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ). (jneurosci.org)
- As a result, PF cells secrete both transmitters when stimulated by their natural secretogogue, increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ) ( Nunez and Gershon, 1978 ). (jneurosci.org)
Molecular3
- Understanding of the molecular interactions between T cell receptors (TCR) and self-epitopes may explain how T cells escape thymic education and initiate an autoimmune reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
- Molecular cloning and ligand binding studies have shown the alpha 2 class of adrenergic receptor (alpha 2-AR) to be a family of at least three related subtypes in humans. (aspetjournals.org)
- This chapter focuses on TRPM8, describing what was known about cold signaling before the channel was cloned, how TRPM8 was identified as a cold sensor, and what advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular logic for cold sensation since its identification. (nih.gov)
Protein20
- Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-1, also known as nAChRα1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR). (wikipedia.org)
- these receptors comprise a distinct family of G protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors. (jci.org)
- Interestingly, the hCTR sequence is remotely related to the cAMP receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum (21% identical), but is not significantly related to other G protein-coupled receptor sequences now in the data bases. (jci.org)
- The discovery of the gene sequences and predicted protein structures, role of CCR5 alleles has prompted studies of but their ligands have not been identified the possible role of many other host genes in (orphan receptors). (cdc.gov)
- We later identified PIAS (protein inhibitor of activated STAT)xalpha as a DJ-1-binding protein, and found that DJ-1 restored androgen receptor (AR) transcription activity that was repressed by PIASxalpha. (nih.gov)
- Two cannabinoid G protein-coupled receptors have been cloned thus far, CB1 receptors (Matsuda et al. (420magazine.com)
- The first described CID systems involve microbe-derived dimerizing ligands, such as rapamycin, that direct protein neo-associations that rewire eukaryotic cell signaling 5 . (nature.com)
- RON is activated in response to macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and then induces an invasive program ( 8 ) consisting of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, all of which are important at multiple points during tumorigenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
- COS cells transfected with the CD6 clone express a 90-kD protein that reacts with all available anti-CD6 monoclonal antibodies. (embl.de)
- We demonstrate here that ILT7 protein associates with the signal adapter protein Fc ε RIγ to form a receptor complex. (rupress.org)
- The encoded seven transmembrane protein was recently identified as the receptor for a novel transmembrane molecule, fractalkine, and renamed CX3CR1. (prosci-inc.com)
- A soluble form of CD206 is generated by cleavage of the full-length protein, and it can be detected in in vitro macrophage cell culture supernatants and in mouse serum. (fishersci.com)
- Stimulated muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2Rs) release Gβγ subunits, which slow heart rate by activating a G protein-gated K + channel (GIRK). (elifesciences.org)
- The higher rate of Gβγ release is attributable to a faster G protein coupled receptor - G protein trimer association rate in M2R compared to β2AR. (elifesciences.org)
- These two branches control heart rate by stimulating different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which in turn activate ion channels that modify the electrical properties of cardiac pacemaker cells ( DiFrancesco, 1993 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Upon stimulation, acetylcholine (ACh) released from the vagus nerve binds to and activates M2Rs in sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker cells, promoting the engagement of the GDP-bound G protein trimer (Gα i (GDP)βγ). (elifesciences.org)
- The activated receptor catalyzes removal of GDP from the G protein alpha subunit (Gα i ), which allows intracellular GTP to bind. (elifesciences.org)
- The ↑[Ca 2+ ] i activates a signaling cascade that involves, sequentially, calcium-calmodulin, nitric oxide synthase, guanylyl cyclase, and protein kinase G. This signal transduction pathway enables Cl − to pass through vesicular channels and act as a counterion for the transport of H + , so that the vesicles of secretogogue-stimulated cells become acidic. (jneurosci.org)
- DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
Recombinant2
- In order to investigate which measles virus strains may use CD46 and /or CD150 as receptors, CHO cells expressing either recombinant CD46 or SLAM were infected with a panel of 28 MV-strains inclu-ding vaccine strains, wild-type strains with various passage histories and recombinant viruses. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- We report that the variable domains of recombinant HIV-1 Env immunogens activate a large number of B cell clones that give rise to many non-neutralizing antibodies, and that removing the variable domains from the immunogen reduces the number of activated B cell lineages and leads to the development of autologous neutralizing antibodies, a step towards bNAb-production. (plos.org)
Isoforms2
- The muscle acetylcholine receptor consists of 5 subunits of 4 different types: 2 alpha isoforms and 1 each of beta, gamma, and delta subunits.2 This gene encodes an alpha subunit that plays a role in acetylcholine binding/channel gating. (wikipedia.org)
- We suggest that PKC isoforms mediate secretion of 5-HT by PF cells in response to stimulation of the CaR. (jneurosci.org)
Antagonist3
- Buprenorphine exhibits antagonist activity at kappa opioid receptors and delta opioid receptors, with less potent effects at the latter ( 3 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- The drug may also act as an antagonist at epsilon opioid receptors ( 4 ). (neurotransmitter.net)
- Cloning of two mouse genes encoding alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes and identification of a single amino acid in the mouse alpha 2-C10 homolog responsible for an interspecies variation in antagonist binding. (aspetjournals.org)
Ligands2
- Following the cloning of CB1 and CB2 receptors, two endocannabinoid ligands were identified and characterized: arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) (Devane et al. (420magazine.com)
- Moreover, many of these channels are receptors for ligands that elicit distinct psychophysical sensations, such as the heat associated with capsaicin and the cold felt with menthol. (nih.gov)
Distinct4
- Fine epitope mapping using nested peptides showed that clones using identical TCR beta chains, identical V alpha, but a different J alpha recognized distinct, nonoverlapping epitopes in the TPO 535-551 region. (ox.ac.uk)
- These studies have not, however, identified distinct subtype-specific functions for these receptors in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)
- Four distinct complement receptors, CR1, CR2, CR3, and CR4, have been described for the surface-bound complement fraction C3 and its cleavage fragments. (medscape.com)
- their evolution from distinct cell lineages. (lu.se)
Systemic lupus erythem1
- In September of last year, researchers in Germany reported that five patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with CAR T-cell therapy all achieved drug-free remission. (medscape.com)
Adenylate cyclase3
- A human ovarian small cell carcinoma line (BIN-67) expresses abundant calcitonin (CT) receptors (CTR) (143,000 per cell) that are coupled, to adenylate cyclase. (jci.org)
- The expressed hCTR was coupled to adenylate cyclase. (jci.org)
- As shown for the human APJ receptor, the rat apelin receptor expressed in the cell line was negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. (nih.gov)
19951
- DNA Cell Biol 1995;14:673-80. (prosci-inc.com)
Gene5
- We describe the role of allelic polymorphism in the gene coding for the CCR5 chemokine receptor with regard to susceptibility to and disease course of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
- Earlier HIV infec- receptor gene polymorphism in HIV infection, tion diagnosis, inhibition of ongoing HIV replica- only genes of the HLA system were thought to tion with antiretroviral therapy (in industrialized protect against HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
- The human RON gene was originally cloned from keratinocytes ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Here, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify host factors associated with HIV-1 control during acute infection by correlating host gene expression with viral RNA abundance within individual cells. (bvsalud.org)
- Wide sequencing of cells from one participant with the highest plasma viral load revealed that intracellular viral RNA transcription correlates inversely with expression of the gene PTMA, which encodes prothymosin α. (bvsalud.org)
Dendritic cells2
- Transcripts for one member of this family, ILT7, are selectively expressed in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). (rupress.org)
- Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
Macrophage2
- Macrophage scavenger receptors. (embl.de)
- Role of CX3CR1 receptor in monocyte/macrophage driven neovascularization. (prosci-inc.com)
Characterization1
MRNA4
- DJBP mRNA was found to be specifically expressed in the testis. (nih.gov)
- In situ hybridization analysis of apelin receptor mRNA expression in the adult rat brain showed intense labeling in the hypothalamus, especially in the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei. (nih.gov)
- TACE mRNA is expressed in a variety of human and mouse tissues. (qedbio.com)
- [ 8 ] T cells in oral lichen planus contain mRNA for TNF and secrete TNF in vitro. (medscape.com)
Soluble1
- Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface (PubMed:20592283). (qedbio.com)
Adrenergic1
- Stimulated β2 adrenergic receptors (β2ARs) also release Gβγ subunits, but GIRK is not activated. (elifesciences.org)
Mononuclear cells2
- T cell clone 37 recognizes the TEC, whereas it is stimulated poorly by the TPO loaded to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (ox.ac.uk)
- Shan J, Ma JM, Wang R, Liu QL, Fan Y. Proliferation and Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. (medscape.com)
Antibodies5
- Thus, our current understanding on how the expansion of particular B cell lineages by Env may be linked to the development of non-neutralizing antibodies is limited. (plos.org)
- The two forms were equally immunogenic, but only the latter elicited neutralizing antibodies by stimulating a more restricted expansion of B cells to a narrower set of IGH/IGK/IGL-V genes that represented a small fraction (0.003-0.02%) of total B cells. (plos.org)
- Deficiency Validation (Figure 15): CX3CR1+ cells detected by anti-CX3CR1 antibodies is localized in vascular wall of CX3CR1 + /gfp mice, but not in CX3CR1 gfp/gfp mice, where cells remained in perivascular region. (prosci-inc.com)
- Probing with conformation-sensitive, nonneutralizing antibodies revealed that SCIV-expressed, but not wild-type SIVcpz Envs, as well as a subset of primary HIV-1 Envs, preferentially adopted a more open trimeric state. (bvsalud.org)
- The authors described seroconversion of antinuclear antibodies in two patients with the longest follow-up, "indicating that abrogation of autoimmune B-cell clones may lead to a more widespread correction of autoimmunity," the researchers write. (medscape.com)
Mice5
- Trimer immunization of knock-in mice induced V2-directed NAbs, indicating activation of V2-apex bNAb precursor-expressing mouse B cells. (bvsalud.org)
- B-J) PR is expressed in the basal ganglia, cingulate cortex, and dentate gyrus as visualized by - gal activity in PRPL/PL female and male mice. (cdc.gov)
- A) Sex differences in density of -gal+ (PR+) cells in adult PRPL/PL mice. (cdc.gov)
- G) No sex difference in nuclear or soma size of PR+ VMHvl cells in PRPL mice. (cdc.gov)
- PCR primers are shown in panel A. The FRT-flanked neomycin selection cassette was excised in vivo by crossing F1 progeny of PRCre chimeras bearing the targeted allele to mice expressing Flpe recombinase systemically (Rodríguez et al. (cdc.gov)
Sequence2
- The sequence shares 90% identity with the human APJ receptor and 31% with the rat AT(1A) angiotensin receptor. (nih.gov)
- Sequence homology and ligand binding data allow the assignment of one clone (M alpha 2-4H) as the mouse homolog of the human alpha 2-C4 subtype. (aspetjournals.org)
Genes1
- To begin this process, we have isolated two mouse genomic clones encoding alpha 2-AR subtypes and expressed these genes in COS-7 cells for binding studies. (aspetjournals.org)
Inhibitory1
- Immunoglobulin-like transcripts are a family of inhibitory and stimulatory cell surface immune receptors. (rupress.org)
Murine1
- B ) A representative current-clamp recording of spontaneous action potentials from an acutely isolated murine sinoatrial node (SAN) cell. (elifesciences.org)
Subtypes1
- Cells expressing α1 β3ε subtypes had concentration-dependent GABAR currents that were potentiated by pentobarbital, loreclezole, and lanthanum and inhibited by zinc and furosemide. (aspetjournals.org)
Immune9
- specifically, evidence showing that cannabinoids inhibit neuroinflammation and that immune cells express the entire machinery that constitutes a functional cannabinoid signaling system. (420magazine.com)
- 1993), expressed primarily by immune cells. (420magazine.com)
- The lack of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for T cell malignancies results in part from potential risks associated with targeting broadly expressed T cell markers, namely T cell depletion and clinically significant immune compromise. (mdpi.com)
- Complement and complement receptors play a critical role in immune defense by initiating the rapid destruction of invading microorganisms, amplifying the innate and adaptive immune responses, and mediating solubilization and clearance of immune complexes. (medscape.com)
- They tend to enhance the effects of complement and are highly important in the binding of opsonized immune complexes on B cells. (medscape.com)
- Opsonized immune complexes (coated by C3b and C4b) bind to CR1, mostly on red blood cells, and are cleared through the liver where they can be transferred to CR3-bearing phagocytes and endocytosed. (medscape.com)
- CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
- The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis is supported by many autoimmune features of oral lichen planus, including its chronicity, onset in adults, predilection for females, association with other autoimmune diseases, occasional tissue-type associations, depressed immune suppressor activity in patients with oral lichen planus, and the presence of autocytotoxic T-cell clones in lichen planus lesions. (medscape.com)
- Загальні відомості про імунну систему The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Proliferation3
- Rolink AG, Winkler T, Melchers F, Andersson J. Precursor B cell receptor-dependent B cell proliferation and differentiation does not require the bone marrow or fetal liver environment. (bdbiosciences.com)
- In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
- H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
Epithelial3
- Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) normally expressed at low levels in epithelial cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
- RON was found to be primarily expressed in cells of epithelial origin such as colon, breast and skin ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The dense sub-epithelial mononuclear infiltrate in oral lichen planus is composed of T cells and macrophages, and there are increased numbers of intra-epithelial T cells. (medscape.com)
Cellular2
- Measles virus (MV) interacts with cellular receptors on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) which mediate virus binding and uptake. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)
Precursor1
- Here, we searched for V2-apex germ line-targeting Envs among a large set of diverse primate lentiviruses and identified minimally modified versions of one chimpanzee SIV Env that bound several human V2-apex bNAb precursors and stimulated one of these in a V2-apex bNAb precursor-expressing knock-in mouse. (bvsalud.org)
Tyrosine1
- Lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations responds favorably to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. (aacrjournals.org)
Fragments1
- CR1/CD35 and CR2/CD21 are major receptors for activated fragments of C3. (medscape.com)
CD461
- [ 2 ] T cell-derived complement C3a and CD46 activation is required for Th1 induction. (medscape.com)
Human8
- Human self-reactive T cell clones expressing identical T cell receptor beta chains differ in their ability to recognize a cryptic self-epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
- We have studied five human in vivo activated T cell clones specific for the region 535-551 of human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) established from a Graves' patient. (ox.ac.uk)
- Our findings define a route by which human self-reactive T cells may escape thymic selection and become activated in vivo, thus possibly leading to autoimmunity. (ox.ac.uk)
- The human medulloblastoma cell line TE671 expresses a muscle-like acetylcholine receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- The dissociation constants (Kd) for the CTRs on these BIN-67 cells is approximately 0.42 nM for salmon CT and approximately 4.6 nM for human CT. (jci.org)
- CX3CR1 is expressed in a variety of human tissues and cell lines. (prosci-inc.com)
- Smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques express the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 and undergo chemotaxis to the CX3C chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1). (prosci-inc.com)
- TNFalpha converting enzyme (TACE) has been identified, and human and mouse TACE cDNAs have been cloned. (qedbio.com)
Acetylcholine1
- Assembly of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Tissues1
- Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)
Subunit1
- A new γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAR) subunit class, ε, has recently been cloned and shown to form functional channels when coexpressed with both α and β subunits. (aspetjournals.org)
Ligand2
- Plants sense abscisic acid (ABA) using chemical-induced dimerization (CID) modules, including the receptor PYR1 and HAB1, a phosphatase inhibited by ligand-activated PYR1. (nature.com)
- Here, we showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a ligand of MET oncoprotein, induces gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells with EGFR -activating mutations by restoring the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway via phosphorylation of MET, but not EGFR or ErbB3. (aacrjournals.org)
Cytokines1
- Activated CD8 + T cells (and possibly keratinocytes) may release cytokines that attract additional lymphocytes into the developing lesion. (medscape.com)
Keratinocytes1
- Most T cells in the epithelium and adjacent to the damaged basal keratinocytes are activated CD8 + lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Activation4
- The cytoplasmic domain of CD6 contains two serine residues, one or both of which are substrates for phosphorylation during T cell activation. (embl.de)
- These peripheral cold receptors, both Aδ- and C-fibers, have thermal thresholds (i.e., the temperature at which nerve impulses are generated) for cold activation between 30-20°C, temperatures considered to be innocuously cool [ 4 , 6 ]. (nih.gov)
- In seminal studies conducted by Hensel and Zotterman in the 1950s, menthol elicited its "cool" sensation by increasing the threshold temperature for activation of cold receptors [ 13 ]. (nih.gov)
- The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
Currents2
- When cells were voltage-clamped at -75 mV in the whole-cell configuration, holding currents of 50 to 300 pA associated with increased noise were consistently recorded. (aspetjournals.org)
- Spontaneous and GABAR single-channel currents from α1β3ε receptors had single-channel conductances of ∼24 pS. (aspetjournals.org)