Cells enter the g0 phase over expression cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

They spend most of the time in the quiescent G0 phase of the cell cycle but can be stimulated to enter the cell cycle when needed. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
Cellular dormancy is a state in which cells are in a quiescent state (the G0 phase). (biomedcentral.com)
Quiescent normal adult stem cells serve as a source of self-renewal in the maintenance of multiple adult epithelial tissues. (biomedcentral.com)

Flow cytometry analysis showed that both NBT/ATST and TAN/ATST combinations caused significant cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in MDAMB231 cells (ER+). (umass.edu)
Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
Their growth arrest is reversible and under certain conditions, such as induction by growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, or chemical agents, the cells can re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate again. (biomedcentral.com)
In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, torin 2 induces G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell growth. (lktlabs.com)
Calcitriol elicits anti-tumor effects mainly through the induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, differentiation, angiogenesis and the inhibition of cell invasiveness by a number of mechanisms. (jcancer.org)
Nonetheless, the outcomes of this report propose that IR induced G2/M cell cycle arrest as well as the regulation selleck chemicals PF299804 of Rac1 on the IR induced G2/M checkpoint response is apparently inde pendent of p53, as among the four breast cancer cell lines applied to the studies, MDA MB 231 and T47D cells express mutant p53, whereas MCF seven and ZR75 1 express wild sort p53. (micrornainhibitors.com)
Steady with our observation, results from other studies also present that p53 standing has no influence on IR induced G2/M cycle arrest. (micrornainhibitors.com)
in Figure 5B, cells transfected with Rac1 siRNA unveiled a marked attenuation in IR induced G2/ M arrest in contrast with control siRNA transfected cells. (mek-inhibitors.com)

In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
G1 phase together with the S phase and G2 phase comprise the long growth period of the cell cycle cell division called interphase that takes place before cell division in mitosis (M phase). (wikipedia.org)
In human somatic cells, the cell cycle lasts about 10 hours, and the G1 However, in Xenopus embryos, sea urchin embryos, and Drosophila embryos, the G1 phase is barely existent and is defined as the gap, if one exists, between the end of mitosis and the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Between the beginning of the G1 phase (which is also after mitosis has occurred) and R, the cell is known as being in the G1-pm subphase, or the post-mitotic phase. (wikipedia.org)
These results demonstrate that Cdk2-E activity is required for centrosome duplication during S phase and suggest a mechanism that could coordinate centrosome reproduction with cycles of DNA synthesis and mitosis. (umassmed.edu)
1992 In addition cyclin A2 was postulated to play a role in access of cells into mitosis (Swenson et al. (immune-source.com)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)

Signaling proteins give cells information to make the embryo develop properly. (wikipedia.org)
The cellular response in signal transduction cascades involves alteration of the expression of effector genes or activation/inhibition of targeted proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Once the required proteins and growth are complete, the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle, S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Expression of regulatory proteins of MRF family (MyoD, Myf5, myogenin and MRF-4), which form heterodimers with E family proteins E (E12 and E47) aided by MEF family proteins, starts in their nuclei. (pbkom.eu)
LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated by Western blotting. (researchsquare.com)
Western blot analysis revealed that VALD-3 upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad and Bax), downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, survivin and XIAP) and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, Cyto-c and cleaved PARP. (researchsquare.com)
Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)
My work provides mechanistic clues for cyclinspecific events during the cell cycle, demonstrates the usefulness of synthetic strategies in problem solving and also possibly resolves long-standing uncertainties regarding functions of some cell cycle proteins. (umassmed.edu)
Our findings demonstrate that UV irradiation induces multiple repair pathways that activate CRL4Cdt2 to degrade its target proteins in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, leading to efficient repair of DNA damage. (rawveronica.com)
Although these findings may represent a dominant unfavorable effect of ectopic expression of PIP-degron peptide proteins, it is probable that CRL4Cdt2-mediated quick degradation of Cdt1 and other targets facilitates DNA repair. (rawveronica.com)
These findings suggest that parasite proteins are able to inhibit erythroid cell growth by down-regulation of ezrin phosphorylation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis ultimately resulting in severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
It was described that hedgehog proteins right act on osteogenic precursor cells and osteoblasts to stimulate osteogenic differentiation [7]. (acthreceptor.com)
However, the findings indicated consistent expression of these proteins in OSCC. (knoblauchpublishing.com)
compared to the other strains L. sakei MF1053 showed a higher expression of seven proteins related to stress whatever the carbon source used for growth (Figure 1c). (hormonessignaling.com)
The reason Entospletinib ic50 for the observed difference in expression of these stress proteins remains to be elucidated. (hormonessignaling.com)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)

This response is quick, as it involves regulation of molecules that are already present in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, a phosphoproteomic approach was performed to dissect the molecular mechanism of phosphoprotein regulation, which is involved in the inhibitory effect of parasites on erythroid cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
This result suggests that phospho-ezrin is important for actin cytoskeleton regulation during erythroid cell growth and division. (biomedcentral.com)
This is due to irregularities in the regulation of cell division and an increased frequency of mutagenesis in actively dividing cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a one hundred twenty five-kD non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a main position in mediating sign transduction by integrins, as effectively as by growth aspect receptors, in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in a range of mobile varieties [12,thirteen,fourteen]. (acthreceptor.com)
Immunohistochemistry for H2AX was conducted for the identification of double-strand breaks, CHK2, and P53 to evaluate the expression of this protein in cell cycle regulation. (knoblauchpublishing.com)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
The G1 phase is a period of intense metabolic activity and regulation. (janechin.net)

Most nonproliferating vertebrate cells will enter the G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with bone formation inhibition mediated by the impaired osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). (bvsalud.org)
In the present study, six essential genes related to the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and osteoporosis were identified, namely, fibrillin 2 (Fbn2), leucine-rich repeat-containing 17 (Lrrc17), heat shock protein b7 (Hspb7), high mobility group AT-hook 1 (Hmga1), nexilin F-actin-binding protein (Nexn), and endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (Esm1). (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that Hmga1 expression was increased during the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs, while Hmga1 expression was decreased in the bone tissue of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the number of mineralized nodules were increased after Hmga1 overexpression, which was partially reversed by a Wnt signaling inhibitor (DKK1). (bvsalud.org)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
In previously reports , Plasmodium vivax was found to be able to directly inhibited erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, in vitro cultures of erythroid cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells has demonstrated that P. vivax is able to directly inhibit erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The broad spectrum anti-tumor effects of calcitriol and analogs are mostly based on inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness, induction of differentiation and apoptosis, and promotion of angiogenesis. (jcancer.org)
The SEs consist of critical epigenetic regulatory elements, which modulate the biological characteristics of digestive system tumors including tumor cell identity and differentiation, tumorigenesis, environmental response, immune response, and chemotherapeutic resistance. (ijbs.com)
Sonic 125256-00-0125B11 hedgehog (Shh) is a forty five-kDa potent signaling protein that regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and cellular patterning throughout a extensive selection of cell types [2,3]. (acthreceptor.com)
A novel FAK Tyr397 inhibitor suppresses osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as osteoclast formation, via PTHrP-induced RANKL expression in murine bone stromal ST2 cells [twenty]. (acthreceptor.com)
A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. (lww.com)

In the first one, first messenger cross through the cell membrane, binding and activating intracellular receptors localized at nucleus or cytosol, which then act as transcriptional factors regulating directly gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Lentiviral vectors are a robust gene delivery tool for inducing transgene expression in a variety of cells. (bvsalud.org)
We sought to generate a lentivirus construct with a ubiquitous CMV promoter driving expression of B-cell lymphocyte/leukemia 2 gene (Bcl-2), a potent anti-apoptotic gene. (bvsalud.org)
Methods The Cx40 gene fragment was cloned from H9c2 cells by PCR and linked with lentivirus vector pLVX-IRES-Puro to obtain the recombinant plasmid pLVX-Flag-Cx40. (bvsalud.org)
The blasticidin S-resistance gene (bsr), isolated from Bacillus cereus K55-S1 strain, was inserted into pSV2 plasmid vector and introduced into cultured mammalian cells by transfection. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
Generation of a stable cell line refers to the process of developing homogenous populations of cells that demonstrate expression of a transfected gene insert. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
The transfected gene integrates into the genome of the host cell, and as a result, are able to express the transfected genetic material. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
We analyzed gene expression during Arabidopsis thaliana meristem development under long day conditions from day 7 to 16 after germination in one-day increments. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Subcellular location of ZAR2 and its expression from the reverse promoter of the BRCA2 gene are stringently regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)
The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
One potential mechanism of BRCA2 involvement in breast cancer progression may be through deregulation of the BRCA2 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
Mammalian SNF5 is essential for normal cell viability, and loss or mutation of the human SNF gene is the molecular basis for familial malignant rhabdoid tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
1983 Subsequently cyclin A genes have been found in all multicellular organisms including humans (Pines and Hunter 1990 While only a single cyclin A gene is present in the genomes of and cultured fibroblasts XI-006 or other cell types blocked DNA synthesis consistent with the essential function for cyclin A in DNA replication (Girard et al. (immune-source.com)
The gene-targeting construct was launched into embryonal stem (ES) cells and heterozygous cyclin A2f/+ (Af denotes XI-006 the "floxed" allele) ES were obtained through homologous recombination (Figures 1A and 1B). (immune-source.com)
By utilizing gene expression profiling, we recognized the embryonic stem cell transcrip tion element Nanog like a novel NOTCH1 regulated gene in mammary tumor cells. (micrornainhibitors.com)
A low RNAP affinity generally results in low gene expression, while a higher RNAP affinity corresponds with an increased gene expression. (hormonessignaling.com)
However, if the affinity is too strong, gene expression decreases again due to a too weak mobility of the RNAP [3-5]. (hormonessignaling.com)
Statistical analysis of gene expression data [10] showed that ArcA regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes learn more involved in the biosynthesis of small and macromolecules, transport, carbon and energy metabolism, cell structure, etc. (hormonessignaling.com)
Can I assume that it is easier to do targeted gene knock-in in rapidly dividing cells because they should have a short period of G1? (stackexchange.com)
Histone modification is a vital mechanism of gene expression and a promising therapy target. (thno.org)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
These characteristics are caused by altered gene expression, as a result of genetic mutations that inactivate tumour suppressor genes and / or activate oncogenes. (savedelicious.com)

In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been proposed that metformin inhibits proliferation via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or by blocking proliferation at the G0/G1 phase in the cell cycle with a reduction in cyclin D1. (uwm.edu)
In hepatocellular carcinoma cells, torin 2 inhibits cell growth and survival and induces apoptosis and autophagy. (lktlabs.com)
Apatinib selectively binds to and inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which may inhibit VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decrease tumor microvessel density. (medkoo.com)
specifically apatinib inhibits VEGF-mediated endothelial cell migration and proliferation thus blocking new blood vessel formation in tumor tissue. (medkoo.com)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. (oncotarget.com)
Such cells exist in the crypts of the intestine, in the basal layer of the skin epithelium, in the bone marrow (hematopoietic cells). (vechnayamolodost.ru)
For bone formation to happen, osteoblast cells need to proliferate and migrate from the bone marrow compartment to bone surfaces, the place they adhere, differentiate, and deposit the bone matrix concurrently with bone and bony callus resorption by osteoclasts [1]. (acthreceptor.com)
SHH stimulates osteoclast formation with PTHrP in a co-lifestyle technique consisting of ST2 cells and murine CD11b+ bone marrow cells [ten]. (acthreceptor.com)
FAK deficiency in osteoblasts and osteocytes in vivo benefits in delayed bone healing and transforming and interrupts the response of bone marrow cells to anabolic mechanical stimuli in a tibial injuries product [seventeen,18]. (acthreceptor.com)

If a cell is signaled to remain undivided, instead of moving onto the S phase, it will leave the G1 phase and move into a state of dormancy called the G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor cell dormancy may help to explain treatment resistance and recurrence or metastatic reactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor dormancy is a recognized clinical phenomenon in which disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) remain occult, asymptomatic, and undetectable over a prolonged period of time. (biomedcentral.com)
Dormancy can occur at the earliest stage of tumor development but also when remnant tumor cells escape treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
A tumor microenvironment that is altered (such as by frontline treatment) can mediate tumor cell entrance into, maintenance, and exit from dormancy through interaction with cells at niches, such as endothelial cells, stroma, or immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In patients with prolonged clinical dormancy, the presence of dormant cells is often identified by their lack of the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 as well as the lack of apoptotic markers [ 12 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
1986 and injection of anti-cyclin A2 antibodies into cultured fibroblasts or inhibiting cyclin A2 function by p21Cip1 during the G2 phase blocked G2?M phase progression (Furuno et al. (immune-source.com)
Analyses of Cyclin A-null Fibroblasts We next derived fibroblasts from conditional cyclin A2 knockout embryos and cultured them culture (Physique 2A) and normally re-entered the cell cycle from quiescence (Physique 2B). (immune-source.com)
Fibroblasts were isolated from cyclin A1-/-A2f/f embryos cultured and transduced with Cre-expressing viruses thereby ablating all cyclin A expression (Figures 1D and S1A). (immune-source.com)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)

the post-mitotic and pre-mitotic phases. (wikipedia.org)
Following their exit from the cell cycle at phase G1/G0 they enter the stage of post-mitotic myoblasts. (pbkom.eu)

Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
Many more investigations have been made on cells, sorted according to size, or artificially arrested at various cell cycle checkpoints. (frontiersin.org)
Transitional checkpoints are therefore crucial for a successful completion of the cell cycle. (janechin.net)

After a vertebrate cell has been in the G1 phase for about three hours, the cell enters a restriction point in which it is decided whether the cell will move forward with the G1 phase or move into the dormant G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
Understanding the dormant stage of tumor cells may help in discovering ways to maintain the dormant state or permanently eliminate dormant residual disseminated tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Dormant cells are characterized by their slow growth, their ability to escape frontline treatment and host immunity, and their capability to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)

Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
The concentration of NO 2 - and H 2 O 2 in PAM cultured with cancer cells was measured, and intracellular reactive oxidative stress (ROS) changes were observed using flow cytometry. (hindawi.com)
In addition, using flow cytometry, we confirmed that apoptosis of A549 cells occurred following flow cytometry and western blot analysis. (hindawi.com)

Cells require a full and functional cellular machinery to live. (wikipedia.org)
These communications between cells triggers intracellular signaling cascades, termed signal transduction pathways, that regulate specific cellular functions. (wikipedia.org)
Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
In cellular biology, stable cells are cells that multiply only when needed. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)
The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
The 'Restriction Point' (R-Point) describes a cellular commitment to enter DNA synthesis under suitable conditions. (janechin.net)
Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
DNA damage, from cellular metabolism or exogenous sources, and unscheduled oncogene expression both lead to replicative stress and represent major sources of genetic instability. (oncotarget.com)

In many cases the antiproloferation action is caused by damage to DNA, which initiates apoptosis and cell death [4]. (savedelicious.com)

Metformin increased intracellular PEDF in LNCaP cells, and extracellular PEDF in RWPE-1 and LNCaP cells. (uwm.edu)
While the intracellular ROS of A549 cells was rapidly increased at 2 hours, there was no significant change in that of PAM-treated normal cells. (hindawi.com)
These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
Increased drug efflux, via these transporters, lowers intracellular drug concentration, allowing cancer cells to escape the toxic effects of the drugs. (savedelicious.com)

Herein, we studied NBT and TAN in combination with atorvastatin (ATST, Lipitor, a cholesterol-lowering drug) in MDAMB231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (umass.edu)
Both NBT/ATST and TAN/ATST combinations at low doses produced much stronger inhibitory effect on cancer cell viability in comparison to those produced by NBT, TAN, or ATST alone at much higher doses. (umass.edu)
Isobologram analysis confirmed that both NBT/ATST and TAN/ATST combinations produced strong synergy in inhibiting the growth of two breast cancer cell lines. (umass.edu)
In conclusion, our result demonstrated strong synergy between two major citrus PMFs (NBT and TAN) and ATST in inhibiting human breast cancer cell growth. (umass.edu)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
Its expression is decreased in many cancer types, including PCa. (uwm.edu)
Tolentino, Miguel Angel, "Metformin-Induced PEDF Expression Regulates Cell Proliferation and Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Cells" (2013). (uwm.edu)
CAP has been known to induce apoptosis in most cancer cells by treatment to cells using direct and indirect treatment methods. (hindawi.com)
There are many reports of apoptosis pathways induced by CAP, but for indirect treatment, there is still a lack of fundamental research on how CAP can cause apoptosis in cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we applied an indirect treatment method to determine how CAP can induce cancer cell death. (hindawi.com)
When PAM was incubated with A549 lung cancer cells, there was little change in NO 2 - concentration, but the concentration of H 2 O 2 gradually decreased after 30 min. (hindawi.com)
These results suggest that among various reactive species produced by PAM, hydrogen peroxide plays a key role in inducing cancer cell apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In particular, CAP contains highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and it can induce cell death by causing oxidative damage to cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Our group has previously reported that the DNA damage ratio and cell death were increased by treating cancer cells directly with oxygen-containing CAP [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
As such, many studies on the mechanism by which CAP induces cancer cell death have been reported [ 26 - 33 ], but for the indirect treatment utilizing PAM, there is still a lack of research on physical changes in the stage before death occurs. (hindawi.com)
The use of APPJs in cancer cell treatment has received considerable attention because of convenient delivery of plasma species into the biotargets [ 34 - 36 ]. (hindawi.com)
Currently, clinical trials are underway of drugs that selectively eliminate old cells in organs and tissues, thereby preventing degenerative changes in organs and cancer. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm emerged from investigating a subpopulation of less-differentiated CD34+/CD38- cells possessing stem cell-like renewal ability and robust malignant-initiating capacity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [ 1 ] . (oaepublish.com)
As of November, 2010, two additional Phase 2 clinical studies have been initiated for apatinib in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. (medkoo.com)
Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
Cancer is the result of a multi-step process driven by the progressive accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in several genes that alter the activity and/or expression of their products, partners and targets. (oncotarget.com)
Resistance to chemotherapy is when the cancer cells do not respond to the drugs. (savedelicious.com)
However, cancer cells can become multidrug resistant, a phenomenon due to cells expressing mechanisms that cause simultaneous resistance to many different, structurally and functionally, unrelated drugs [6]. (savedelicious.com)
In addition, COX-2 is a target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and its selective inhibitors could effectively prevent inflammation, proliferation and angiogenesis and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)

During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)

We also demonstrated that NOTCH1 sig naling is needed for mammary tumor initiating cell action, as NOTCH1 inhibition success in fast mam mary tumor regression and delays and, in some instances, prevents disorder recurrence. (micrornainhibitors.com)
Additional studies demonstrate that inhibition of ERK1/2 abrogates the G2/M checkpoint response just after DNA harm, resulting in elevated sen sitivity of cells to DNA damaging agents. (micrornainhibitors.com)
Rac1 inhibition abolishes IR induced activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 Preceding scientific studies from our laboratory demonstrated that IR publicity of cells effects in activation of ERK1/2 sig naling. (mek-inhibitors.com)

The multistep transformation of normal cells into malignant cells involves genetic and epigenetic alterations that promote the aberrant expression of critical oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes [ 1 , 2 ]. (ijbs.com)

The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. (lookformedical.com)
A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species. (lookformedical.com)

The mechanism was perhaps related to inhibiting lymphocyte apoptosis and promoting the balance of Th1/Th2 cell subsets. (hindawi.com)
Mechanism for switch of embryonic stem cells from 'fast' cell cycle to 'normal' cell cycle? (stackexchange.com)

During G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein that are required for DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
In order for the cell to continue through the G1-pm, there must be a high amount of growth factors and a steady rate of protein synthesis, otherwise the cell will move into G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
When ZK-261991 Cdt1 degradation was attenuated by high Cdt1 expression, repair synthesis at the damaged sites was inhibited. (rawveronica.com)
In this study, we showed that high Cdt1 expression prevented repair synthesis after UV irradiation (Fig.?6). (rawveronica.com)
Some populace of cells irradiated with UV in the G1 phase enter the S phase,58 and such cells are expected to undergo replication stalling due to the ongoing repair synthesis or DNA damage. (rawveronica.com)
These actions block DNA synthesis, causing a block at G2 phase and subsequently apoptotic cell death. (savedelicious.com)

These complexes then activate S-Cdk complexes that move forward with DNA replication in the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
We discovered that the main effect of obliterating this interaction is to delay cell cycle entry in budding yeast, such that cells begin DNA replication and budding only at a larger than normal cell size, possibly resulting from incomplete multi-site phosphorylation of several key substrates. (umassmed.edu)
In addition, degradation of Cdt1 in the G1 phase may help to prevent re-replication. (rawveronica.com)
In these compartments cyclin A-Cdk complexes are expressed at particularly high levels which may render stem cells dependent on cyclin A. INTRODUCTION Replication of genetic material during cell division in Metazoan organisms is thought to be driven by cyclin A. Cyclin A was the first cyclin cloned in any organism (Swenson et al. (immune-source.com)
What's the significance of DNA replication (S phase) before Meiosis? (stackexchange.com)
We previously showed that constitutive overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor Spi1/PU.1 leads to pre-leukemic cells that have a shortened S phase duration with an increased replication fork speed and increased mutability in the absence of DNA breaks. (oncotarget.com)
By exogenously modulating its activity, we demonstrate that PP1α is required to maintain CHK1 in a dephosphorylated state and, more importantly, that it is responsible for the accelerated replication fork progression in Spi1/PU.1-overexpressing cells. (oncotarget.com)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
The aim of this study was to assess the DNA damage response through the expression of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), H2A histone family member X (H2AX), and P53 among smokers and non-smokers with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (knoblauchpublishing.com)

They are well suited to facilitate the testing of therapeutic candidate genes in vitro, due to relative ease of packaging and ability to transduce dividing and non-dividing cells. (bvsalud.org)

The observation of this intercellular communication and that MM cells modify the microenvironment is highly suggestive that one of the first biologically relevant changes necessary for progression of MGUS or SMM to MM is for a member(s) of the clone to evolve and acquire the molecular changes needed to reprogram its immediate microenvironment into a supportive, growth-promoting microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
Previous studies have reported that CAP exhibited antimicrobial activity in bacteria [ 7 - 10 ] and induced angiogenesis by regulating wound healing molecular expression in skin cells [ 11 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
In recent years, molecular mechanisms of cell aging, their connection with oncological diseases and inflammation have been discovered. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
IKKβ kinase activity was determined using a cell IKKβ kinase activity spectrophotometry quantitative detection kit and a molecular docking study. (biomedcentral.com)

Biochemical triggers known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) switch on cell cycles events at the corrected time and in the correct order to prevent any mistakes. (wikipedia.org)

They localize in close proximity to the nucleus for the duration of interphase and play major roles in numerous cell functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosomes are animal-specific non-membranous organelles that localize in close proximity to the cell nucleus for the duration of interphase. (biomedcentral.com)

Herein we present clear evidence that not only do both patient MM cells and human MM cell lines (HMCLs) release MVs, but that these MVs stimulate MM cell growth. (oncotarget.com)

A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within a biological cell when initiated by a stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
Cell renewal can occur quite intensively: for example, connective tissue cells in the pancreas are replaced every 24 hours, gastric mucosa cells - every three days, leukocytes - every 10 days, skin cells - every six weeks, approximately 70 g of proliferating small intestine cells are removed from the body daily [1]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
When and Why does G0 phase occur? (stackexchange.com)

Recent studies point to the role of hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of adult tissues. (wikipedia.org)
This study describes the first comparative phosphoproteome analysis of growing erythroid cells (gECs), derived from human haematopoietic stem cells, exposed to lysates of infected erythrocytes (IE)/uninfected erythrocytes (UE) for 24, 48 and 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cells that exist in almost all organs and tissues are able to divide indefinitely. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Tissue regeneration occurs due to the proliferation of stem cells, which can not only divide, but also differentiate into cells of the tissue whose regeneration is taking place. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Stem cells are present in the myocardium, in the brain (in the hypocampus and in the olfactory bulbs) and in other tissues. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
cyclin A function was essential for proliferation of hematopoietic and embryonal stem cells. (immune-source.com)
Current knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC, the so-called "BC stem cells" (BCSCs). (wjgnet.com)
It is well-known that embryonic stem cells have a fast cell cycle (very roughly about 12 hours), while typically normal cells have a much longer cell cycle (very roughly about 24 hours). (stackexchange.com)

I need help or guide on cell proliferation assays. (stackexchange.com)
The biological functions of ATL in GBM cells were investigated using migration/invasion, colony formation and cell cycle/apoptosis assays. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. (lww.com)

Lysed IE significantly inhibited gEC growth at 48 and 72 h and cell division resulting in the accumulation of cells in G0 phase. (biomedcentral.com)

Contrary to our aim, overexpression of Bcl-2 induced cell death in the producer HEK293T cells, resulting in failure to produce usable vector titre. (bvsalud.org)
Objective To establish a stable strain of H9c2 cardiomyocytes overexpressing Cx40 and preliminarily investigate the effect of lentiviral vector-mediated Cx40 protein overexpression on the proliferation of H9c2 cells and its related mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
Mnt overexpression suppressed cell cycle entry and cell proliferation, suggesting that the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max is critical for cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)

In summary, this study demonstrates the significance of MV shedding and MV-mediated intercellular communication on malignant plasma cell proliferation, and identifies the role of MV-enriched CD147 in this process. (oncotarget.com)
Over the last decade, significant investigation in the MM field has demonstrated that the interaction of malignant PCs with BM stromal cells within the microenvironment is essential for survival of the PC clone [ 5 , 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
It turned out that old cells, on the one hand, act as tumor suppressors (since they irreversibly stop dividing themselves and reduce the risk of transformation of surrounding cells), and on the other hand, the specific metabolism of old cells can cause inflammation and degeneration of neighboring precancerous cells into malignant ones. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)

The c-Myc oncoprotein is strongly induced during the G0 to S-phase transition and is an important regulator of cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
Benefits presented on this report indicate that Rac1 inhi bition just after incubation of cells using a certain inhibitor or transfection with Rac1 distinct siRNA abrogates IR induced phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, at the same time since the IR induced G2/M checkpoint activation, suggesting Rac1 as the upstream regulator of IR induced ERK1/2 signaling. (micrornainhibitors.com)
The second regulator investigated in this study, isocitrate lyase regulator (IclR), represses the expression of the aceBAK operon, which codes for the glyoxylate pathway enzymes isocitrate lyase (AceA), malate synthase (AceB), and isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase (AceK) [16]. (hormonessignaling.com)

As shown in Figure 6A, incubation of cells with Rac1 inhi bitor NSC23766 resulted within a dose dependent diminu tion of IR induced phosphorylation of the two MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. (mek-inhibitors.com)

IM combined with IR can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis, clonogenesis, invasion, migration and cell cycle of GIST cells. (researchsquare.com)

The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. (wikipedia.org)
G1 phase and the other subphases of the cell cycle may be affected by limiting growth factors such as nutrient supply, temperature, and room for growth. (wikipedia.org)
Physiological temperatures are optimal for cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
The first restriction point is growth-factor dependent and determines whether the cell moves into the G0 phase, while the second checkpoint is nutritionally-dependent and determines whether the cell moves into the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Reasons the cell would not move into the S phase include insufficient cell growth, damaged DNA, or other preparations have not been completed. (wikipedia.org)
The definitions of "bacteriostatic" and "bactericidal" appear to be straightforward: "bacteriostatic" means that the agent prevents the growth of bacteria (i.e., it keeps them in the stationary phase of growth), and "bactericidal" means that it kills bacteria. (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
Bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria and bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress the growth of bacteria (keep them in the stationary phase of growth). (atheistsforhumanrights.org)
Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
The novel mTOR inhibitor Torin-2 induces autophagy and downregulates the expression of UHRF1 to suppress hepatocarcinoma cell growth. (lktlabs.com)
Aberrant changes in epigenetic mechanisms regulating DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, expression of noncoding RNAs, and mRNA methylation are associated with the initiation, growth, and progression of digestive system tumors [ 2 , 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
With aging, the cell stops dividing: it does not respond to growth factors and becomes resistant to apoptosis. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

In contrast, transfection of MCF 7 cells with management siRNA had no impact on IR induced acti vation of ATM, ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases in contrast with nontransfected management cells. (mek-inhibitors.com)

Extracellular signals direct the cell-cycle 'engine. (janechin.net)

Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)

During cell division, tissue rejuvenation occurs: new cells take the place of damaged ones, while repair (elimination of DNA damage) occurs more intensively and regeneration is possible in case of tissue damage. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
As we see in this diagram , G0 phase occurs after M phase and at a specific point within G1 phase. (stackexchange.com)

In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
Floral transition is a critical event in the life cycle of a flowering plant as it determines its reproductive success. (biomedcentral.com)
We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)

We suggest that acceleration of rate of the divisions and partial cell cycling synchronization takes place at this point. (biomedcentral.com)

This promoter is 8-20 fold more active in the reverse orientation than in the forward orientation when the cells are in the non-dividing stage (G0/G1). (biomedcentral.com)
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
One of them is the replicative aging of cells (senescence), which consists in the irreversible stopping of cell division at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)

The light must be absorbed by the endogenous chromophores of cells or tissues for actions. (biomedcentral.com)
In our body, there are renewing tissues in which there is a pool of constantly dividing cells that replace spent or dying cells. (vechnayamolodost.ru)

Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
The expression and clinical features of WDR5 were analyzed in two dependent cohorts. (thno.org)
Multidrug resistance, generally, results from over expression of ATP-dependent efflux pumps [5]. (savedelicious.com)

Thus, determining how cells cope with replicative stress can help our understanding of oncogenesis and lead to the identification of new antitumor treatment targets. (oncotarget.com)

KLT can directly inhibit and kill cells of various tumors, control lesions, and prevent metastasis. (kanglaite.com)

This technologic and biologic revolution continued through the 1960s to today, and the explosion in technology has fueled the current expansion of knowledge into the working of the human cell. (medscape.com)
The abnormally high number of centrosomes found in many human tumor cells can lead directly to aneuploidy and genomic instability through the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles. (umassmed.edu)
It turned out that cells in human fibroblast culture live for a limited time under good conditions and are able to double approximately 50±10 times, and this number was called the Hayflick limit [6, 7]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
ATL exerts its anti-tumor effects in human GBM cells at least in part via NF-κB/COX-2-mediated signaling cascades by inhibiting IKKβ kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Consistent with these results, PMFs and ATST combinations decreased expression levels of phospho Rb, cyclin D1, and CDK4. (umass.edu)
The dynamics of the expression of the main flowering regulators was consistent with previous reports: notably, the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) decreased over the course of the time series while expression of LEAFY ( LFY ) increased. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Quiescent3

Arrest11

Mitosis7

Proteins20

Regulation11

Vertebrate cells2

Differentiation12

Gene32

Inhibits5

Bone marrow5

Dormancy6

Fibroblasts5

Post-mitotic2

Checkpoints3

Dormant3

Flow cytometry4

Cellular13

Apoptosis and cell1

Intracellular4

Cancer40

Tightly regulated2

Progression through the cell cycle3

Inhibition3

Tumor suppressor1

Somatic cells2

Mechanism2

Synthesis6

Replication7

Squamous cell carc3

Vitro1

Molecular5

Cyclin-depende1

Nucleus2

Stimulate1

Occur3

Stem8

Assays2

Mechanisms of cell1

Embryonic1

Accumulation1

Overexpression3

Malignant3

Stringently regulated1

Regulator3

Incubation of cells1

Migration1

Growth12

Transfection1

Extracellular1

Biochemical1

Occurs2

Transition3

Synchronization1

Stage4

Tissues2

Dependent3

Replicative1

Directly inhibit1

Human4

Consistent2