• GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, causes B-cell mitosis while inhibiting apoptosis, inhibits glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying with overall antidiabetic effects. (medscape.com)
  • Silence of miR-769-5p conspicuously suppresses glioma cell proliferation and fosters cell apoptosis [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therapeutics that kill cancer commonly engage the "programmed cell death" or apoptosis pathway in the cancer cell to induce cell death. (lls.org)
  • Cancer cells frequently develop resistance to a drug, often by dysregulation of a family of apoptosis regulators called the BCL-2 family, which enables the cell to evade apoptosis. (lls.org)
  • In addition, preclinical studies are examining the combination of biochemical inhibitors of growth/survival signaling pathways with standard therapeutic agents to increase overall MM cell apoptosis. (dana-farber.org)
  • Our recent study shows that the novel proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 induces apoptosis even in bortezomib-resistant MM cells. (dana-farber.org)
  • however, the study of ultrafine Pt NCs is at the beginning stage and there are still plenty of challenges like synthesis of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent Pt NCs, the explicit signal pathway of cell apoptosis, and attempt in diverse biological applications that need to be urgently tackled in future. (hindawi.com)
  • Firstly, the overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, increased lactate dehydrogenase activity and induced apoptosis in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It affects cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibits apoptosis, and its role in tumor development has received attention ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Overexpression of IGF-1 in serum and tissue alters the growth of normal cells and causes uncontrolled proliferation, inhibits differentiation and reduces apoptosis, resulting in the incidence and development of malignant tumors ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Lately we have discovered miR-200b as an integral regulator of chemoresistance and repair of miR-200b considerably reverses chemoresistance of docetaxel (DTX)-resistant LAD cells by inducing cell routine arrest and apoptosis improvement [19]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNA molecules that play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, have been found to be associated with different hallmarks of MM. Previous studies have indicated that abnormally functioning miRNA-mediated gene regulation followed by oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene silencing results in drastic alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, growth, and metabolism. (helsinki.fi)
  • In general, genes involved in stress response, cell cycle control, drug metabolism, apoptosis and growth were differentially expressed in response to Cr(VI) exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The chromosomal instability seen in the brain metastases "triggers signaling pathways that make cells more likely to spread and better able to suppress the body's immune response," said Dr. Johannes Melms, one of the study's first authors, in a statement . (scienceboard.net)
  • cellular actions of insulin involve a wide variety of effects on postreceptor signaling pathways within target cells. (medscape.com)
  • Proteins function as the main components of the physiological metabolic and signaling pathways of cells. (uclahealth.org)
  • We have previously found that blocking specific pathways inside a cell involved in energy metabolism can sensitize resistant MM cells to ABT-199. (lls.org)
  • Specifically, the multi-enzyme protease 26S proteasome degrades misfolded or redundant proteins, while blockade of the proteasomal degradation pathways results in the accumulation of unwanted proteins and cell death. (dana-farber.org)
  • Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. (jci.org)
  • In addition to acquiring somatic mutations associated with drug resistance, cancer cells may alter cell signaling pathway feedback loops or bypass certain drug target signaling pathways through epigenetic alterations to maintain activation of key cell proliferation and survival signals. (atcc.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Drug analogues of DNA precursors such as 5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside require metabolic activation, and resistance can arise from modification of these activation pathways. (nature.com)
  • In addition, the RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the disease progression and drug sensitivity associated mir-92b, mir-363 and mir-221, would potentially regulate the expression of FGF2, MFF, and TMEM248, respectively, providing novel insights into the functional roles of miRNAs in MM pathways. (helsinki.fi)
  • Most such mutations change the microorganism's or cell's structure or biochemical pathways in a way that is harmful to the microorganism or cell. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This cell model suggests these mutations could occur to any cell in the body resulting in a cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the "stochastic model" (or "clonal evolution model") every cancer cell in a tumor could gain the ability to self-renew and differentiate to the numerous and heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that compromise a tumor These mutations could progressively accumulate and enhance the resistance and fitness of cells that allow them to outcompete other tumor cells, better known as the somatic evolution model. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
  • Unfortunately, many patients become resistant to these drugs due to secondary mutations. (uclahealth.org)
  • Cancer is a complicated mix of multiple, interconnected events gone awry through mutations. (uclahealth.org)
  • In a study published March 29 in the journal Science Signaling, the team demonstrates their use of network-scale proteomic experiments and mathematical analyses to build a "system-wide" view of how signaling mutations cause leukemia and to identify points of susceptibility that can be targeted by "cocktail" therapies to prevent drug resistance. (uclahealth.org)
  • Understanding this complex network of events is critical to designing new molecularly targeted anti-cancer therapies to simultaneously target the primary mutation while preventing the development of secondary, resistance-conferring mutations, and we now have additional tools to do this. (uclahealth.org)
  • In many cases, drug resistance results from secondary mutations replacing or amplifying the original cancer-promoting signal targeted by the drug. (uclahealth.org)
  • The future of molecular therapies, researchers say, relies on targeting multiple events simultaneously, making it exponentially more difficult for tumor cells to develop the mutations required to escape the effect of drug therapy. (uclahealth.org)
  • However, higher fractions and levels of RNA were found in cells with proviruses containing multiple drug resistance mutations, including those contributing to rebound viremia. (frontiersin.org)
  • image: From left: Samuel Brady, Ph.D., and Jinghui Zhang, Ph.D., chair, both of Computational Biology, contributed to research that provides the first direct genomic and experimental evidence in pediatric cancer that drug-resistant mutations can be induced by chemotherapy. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Now, researchers working in the U.S., Germany and China have shown how chemotherapy drugs called thiopurines can lead to mutations that set patients up for relapse. (sciencecodex.com)
  • The research provides the first direct genomic and experimental evidence in pediatric cancer that drug-resistant mutations can be induced by chemotherapy and are not always present at diagnosis. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Working in two cell lines in the laboratory, Zhou and his colleagues replicated the thiopurine-induced TP53 mutations and chemotherapy resistance. (sciencecodex.com)
  • The research provided the first direct genomic and experimental evidence of chemotherapy-induced drug resistance mutations. (sciencecodex.com)
  • This study not only changes our ALL treatment considerations, but also opens the door to study mechanistically how defective repair generates drug-resistant mutations," Zhou said. (sciencecodex.com)
  • These mutations can give the cell the ability to withstand further treatment with that drug. (atcc.org)
  • The evaluation has included a focus on the presence of F13L mutations that might indicate tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • ABCB4 gene mutations that cause PFIC3 impair the movement of phospholipids across cell membranes, leading to a lack of phospholipids available to bind to bile acids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Resistance appears because of the mutations that take place spontaneously in any group of growing microorganisms or cells, whether exposed to drugs or not. (msdmanuals.com)
  • But some mutations change the parts of the microorganism or cell that are affected by drugs, decreasing the drug's ability to work (that is, causing resistance). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because such mutations are very rare, there are normally only a few such resistant microorganisms or cells in any group. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance syndromes include genetic or primary target cell defects, autoantibodies to insulin, and accelerated insulin degradation. (medscape.com)
  • The study is part of a journal issue focused on resistance mechanisms in cancer. (uclahealth.org)
  • His research focuses on the mechanisms of drug resistance in multiple myeloma. (dana-farber.org)
  • His studies in oncogenomics and cell signaling have defined mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to both conventional and novel drugs, providing the rationale for combining various therapeutic agents to enhance antiMM activity and overcome drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms whereby MM cells evade drug-induced cytotoxicity and acquire drug-resistant phenotypes include interaction of MM cells with their bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. (dana-farber.org)
  • While efforts are being made to identify the mechanisms of resistance and to develop novel drugs and therapeutic agents to overcome them, the lack of physiologically relevant, drug-resistant cancer model systems remains a significant challenge. (atcc.org)
  • The overall cause of drug resistance is complex, and several categories of drug-resistance mechanisms have been identified. (atcc.org)
  • The major mechanisms of resistance include tumor evolution and tumor heterogeneity, acquired secondary genetic alterations, signaling pathway feedback loops and bypass mechanisms, and the tumor microenvironment. (atcc.org)
  • 4,5 Drug resistance in each case could involve one or more of these major mechanisms, depending on the class of drugs and therapeutic treatment strategies being employed. (atcc.org)
  • Although our knowledge of some individual drug-resistance mechanisms has expanded significantly, a comprehensive understanding and means of addressing multifactorial drug-resistance mechanisms has yet to be achieved. (atcc.org)
  • Cell-based models are critical tools for understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and developing novel therapeutics. (atcc.org)
  • PARPi resistance is common and developed by multiple mechanisms, indicating an unmet need for new treatment strategies. (nih.gov)
  • We have additionally identified multiple mechanisms of immune suppression that prevent the development of an endogenous effector T cell response. (hhs.gov)
  • However, the regulatory mechanisms of HPV infection and consequent immune escape reaction, persistent infection and cell proliferation and the regulatory mechanisms of vascular proliferation are poorly understood and require additional investigation ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The current presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is one of the mechanisms responsible for chemoresistance that has been a major hindrance towards lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) treatment. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Despite recent advances in research and novel therapeutics, MM remains incurable, mainly due to the mechanisms underlying disease progression and drug resistance. (helsinki.fi)
  • Viruses are simple lifeless entities that cannot reproduce on their own and therefore depend on host cells to provide them with the necessary life support mechanisms. (lu.se)
  • Possible mechanisms for gram for breast cancer in southern Sweden issued 1991, pre- recurrence after treatment are low initial drug sensitivity or menopausal lymph node positive (N+) breast cancer patients an acquired drug resistance. (lu.se)
  • Radiotherapy was delivered to ipsilateral axil- cancer patients in the future, it is essential to increase our lary and supraclavicular lymph nodes and the remaining knowledge in mechanisms responsible for drug resistance, breast parenchyma after breast conservation surgery or tho- and to define reliable indicators for response to therapy. (lu.se)
  • As shown by gene expression profiling, compared with PCs, Pre-PCs are enriched in epigenetic regulators, suggesting that epigenetic plasticity underpins the phenotypic diversification of myeloma-propagating cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, clinical drug resistance in MM is linked to reversible, bidirectional phenotypic transition of myeloma-propagating cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon its transition to the precancerous Barrett's esophagus epithelium, however, a small dedicated stem cell compartment appears that supports proliferation of the epithelium while concomitantly evidence for a stochastically dividing compartment contributing to the maintenance of the tissue disappears. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, deleting one copy of miR15a/miR16-1 in mice with multiple myeloma significantly enhanced the aggressiveness of their disease and led to increased expression of genes that promote cellular proliferation. (aacr.org)
  • Consistent with these results, analysis of a genetic dataset of multiple myeloma patients revealed that single-copy deletion of MIR15A/MIR16-1 in patient tumors was associated with increased expression of the same cellular proliferation genes that were upregulated in the mouse experiments. (aacr.org)
  • Our study demonstrates that losing one copy of the MIR15A/MIR16-1 gene promotes tumor cell proliferation in both mice and patients," said Chesi. (aacr.org)
  • HPV promotes latency and consequently does not cause a disease phenotype following initial infection by an immune evasion response reaction, featuring binding to epithelial cells and integrating into the host genome, resulting in the proliferation of epidermal cells containing the viral genome and neovascularization ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous plasma cell cancer that results from the excessive proliferation of mutated B cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of ineffective antibodies, monoclonal proteins, in the blood. (helsinki.fi)
  • This model suggests that only certain subpopulations of cancer stem cells have the ability to drive the progression of cancer, meaning that there are specific (intrinsic) characteristics that can be identified and then targeted to destroy a tumor long-term without the need to battle the whole tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increased levels of POGLUT2 could result in the dysregulated immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment and showed a significant regulatory effect on the progression of breast cancer through Notch-related signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Promotes progression through the cell cycle via binding and activation of CDK1. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The genetic factors underlying progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma remain unclear. (aacr.org)
  • The purpose of our study was to model genetic risk factors that may contribute to initiation and progression of multiple myeloma," said Marta Chesi, PhD , associate professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic and lead author on the study. (aacr.org)
  • The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
  • Gene networks reveal stem-cell state convergence during preneoplasia and progression to malignancy in multistage skin carcinogenesis. (ucsf.edu)
  • Malignancy stem-like cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating stem cells are a sub-population of tumor cells and play pivotal tasks in malignancy initiation progression recurrence and chemoresistance [2]-[5]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Recently it has been securely founded that CSCs are linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) metastasis drug resistance progression and relapse of lung malignancy [11]-[15]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • These drugs showed little effect on solid tumors but significantly decreased disease progression in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) 6,7 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • These changes in cellular functions have been indicated to be associated with the pathogenesis, progression, and formation of drug resistance in MM. Therefore, the role and potential of miRNAs to act as biomarkers to predict MM progression and drug sensitivity should be further investigated to ultimately improve the survival rates of patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • The aim of this master's thesis was to investigate the relationships between drug sensitivity, disease progression and miRNA regulation in MM patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • In addition, the specific gene targets of miRNAs involved in the regulation of drug responses and MM progression were predicted by identifying statistically significant, negatively correlated interactions between the miRNA and RNA sequencing data of 45 MM patients in pairwise comparative correlation analysis. (helsinki.fi)
  • again, risk of progression to AIDS, as determined by HIV RNA viremia and CD4+ T cell count, should guide the decision to treat. (cdc.gov)
  • The human multidrug-resistance protein (MRP1), known to mediate cellular efflux of a wide range of xenobiotics, including anticancer drugs, has also been shown to transport antimony, thereby conferring resistance to this heavy metal. (nih.gov)
  • A protein called Nrf1 (shown in white in these mouse cells) can hamper promising drugs for blood cancers, but now researchers have found a possible workaround to shut Nrf1 down. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Studies have suggested that resistance could be linked to a protein called Nrf1. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Because cancer cells proliferate more than normal cells, the rate of protein translation and degradation is also higher in cancer cells. (dana-farber.org)
  • In this case, the cancer cells gradually acquire specific genetic abnormalities or protein alterations that ultimately result in unresponsiveness to treatment and cancer relapse. (atcc.org)
  • The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a well-characterized protein degradation system in cells whose dysfunction is implicated in many diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer 1,2 . (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The ABCB4 gene (also known as MDR3 ) provides instructions for making a protein that helps move certain fats called phospholipids across the membranes of liver cells and release the phospholipids into a digestive fluid called bile. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Under most circumstances, though, enough protein is available to move an adequate amount of phospholipids out of liver cells to bind to bile acids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This constitutes a serious concern for patients as resistance to therapeutics can lead to decreased drug response and the recurrence of disease. (atcc.org)
  • The phenomenon of acquired drug resistance has been observed with various types of cancer therapeutics including chemotherapy, molecular-targeted anticancer drugs, and cancer immunotherapy. (atcc.org)
  • This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
  • New drugs that specifically target the mutated genes responsible for cancer growth have shown great success in extending the lives of patients, with far fewer side effects than conventional anti-cancer therapies. (uclahealth.org)
  • By deleting the Rb1 and miR15a/miR16-1 genes in mice, Chesi and colleagues found that loss of just one copy of the miR15a/miR16-1 gene cluster, but not of Rb1, led to the accumulation of an abnormal antibody - a characteristic feature of both MGUS and multiple myeloma. (aacr.org)
  • Skin fibroblasts were exposed to 5 uM Cr(VI) for time intervals up to 24- hr and their differential gene expression profile was studied using the Toxicology and Drug Resistance Microarray (Super Array Inc.). Of the 280 genes represented on the array, the expression levels of 32 genes were found to be differentially affected in the fibroblasts exposed to Cr(VI). (cdc.gov)
  • Predicting antimicrobial resistance using conserved genes. (cdc.gov)
  • But it is hobbled by a problem that also plagues other cancer drugs: targeted cells can develop resistance. (medicalxpress.com)
  • This mechanism of destruction makes it much more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance to teixobactin. (latimes.com)
  • Indeed, when they tried to encourage bacteria to develop resistance to teixobactin, they couldn't. (latimes.com)
  • Lewis said teixobactin kills so quickly that target bacteria will have less time in which to develop resistance. (latimes.com)
  • It took about 30 years for bacteria to develop resistance to a similarly acting antibiotic, the study noted. (latimes.com)
  • Strains of microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) are said to develop resistance when they are no longer killed or inhibited by the antibiotics and antiviral drugs that are usually effective against them (or, in practice, when significantly higher than normal doses are required to have an effect). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Similarly, cancer cells may develop resistance to chemotherapy drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Resistance of GBM cell lines and primary cells to drugs and signaling inhibitors was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. (uni-koeln.de)
  • A class of compounds called proteasome inhibitors that include bortezomib and carfilzomib-both approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-have been effective at treating certain types of blood cancers . (medicalxpress.com)
  • But the drugs have been limited by cancer cells ability to development resistance, as well as the inhibitors inability to fight solid tumors effectively. (medicalxpress.com)
  • When proteasome inhibitors go into action, Nrf1 is spurred into overdrive to restore the cells' normal activities and keep them alive. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Apoferritin-encapsulation of cysteine protease inhibitors for cathepsin L inhibition in cancer cells. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Although more than 25 antiretroviral medications are available from 6 major classes, an ART regimen for treatment-naive patients generally consists of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in combination with a third active ART drug from 1 of 3 drug classes: an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or a protease inhibitor (PI) with a pharmacologic enhancer (ie, cobicistat or ritonavir). (medscape.com)
  • The development of targeted therapies has also been followed by resistance, reminiscent of an evolutionary arms race, as exemplified by imatinib and other BCR-ABL inhibitors for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. (nature.com)
  • This is somewhat analogous to anti-HIV drug cocktail therapies that target the inhibition of multiple viral-replication steps. (uclahealth.org)
  • In the future, it may be possible to monitor bone marrow during treatment as a way to detect these mutational signatures early enough to help identify at-risk patients who may be candidates for emerging therapies like CAR-T cells," Zhang said. (sciencecodex.com)
  • In search of effective therapies to overcome resistance to Temozolomide in brain tumours Cancer Drug Resistance. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Many malignancy therapies including chemotherapies that destroy the bulk of malignancy cells may ultimately fail as they do not get rid of CSCs that then cause a relapse of tumors [10]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In addition, the novel cancer stem cell paradigm raises the prospect of cell-targeted therapies instead of treatment directed against the whole tumour. (nature.com)
  • Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
  • Dr. Atkins' major research interests are cancer immunotherapy, treatment of melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, predictive markers for response to biologic therapy, and antiangiogenic and targeted therapies. (melanoma.org)
  • A kinase bioscavenger provides antibiotic resistance by extremely tight substrate binding. (yale.edu)
  • A primary goal of antibiotic stewardship is to ensure that the clinician prescribes the right drug, dose, and duration of an antibiotic. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] If the patient does not have an invasive bacterial infection, the antibiotic drug, dose, and duration are always wrong. (medscape.com)
  • These cases exemplify the daily necessity to challenge initial diagnoses in order to achieve the desired outcome of reducing antibiotic prescriptions while optimizing clinical outcomes and minimizing harm (eg, emergence of antibiotic resistance, Clostridium difficile infection, fungal superinfections, and drug side effects). (medscape.com)
  • Surviving cells of all isolates demonstrated multiple drug-resistance post exposure to UV radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • CDC was notified of one patient with persistent monkeypox whose viral isolates demonstrated tecovirimat resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, we use mass spectrometry-based proteomics to measure the activity of proteins involved in mediating the signals that cause cancer cells to grow uncontrollably," said Liudmilla Rubbi, a researcher at UCLA's Crump Institute who helped design the project. (uclahealth.org)
  • Finding alternative strategies to effectively re-engage BCL-2 proteins can potentially circumvent resistance. (lls.org)
  • Particular importance here is the biological applications of Pt NCs such as the bioimaging of various cells as a preferred fluorophore in contrast to traditional fluorescent markers (e.g., organic dye, semiconductor quantum dots, and fluorescent proteins), the usage of Pt NCs-based antitumour drugs as a new class chemotherapeutics for malignant tumour therapy, and the utilization of antibacteria as an alternative of Ag-based antibacterial agent. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSCs may generate tumors through the stem cell processes of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such cells are hypothesized to persist in tumors as a distinct population and cause relapse and metastasis by giving rise to new tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In different tumor subtypes, cells within the tumor population exhibit functional heterogeneity and tumors are formed from cells with various proliferative and differentiation capacities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hence, at least for certain neoplastic tissues, dedicated stem cell compartments maintain and enlarge the size of the transformed compartment The cancer stem cell model, also known as the Hierarchical Model proposes that tumors are hierarchically organized (CSCs lying at the apex (Fig. 3). (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the cancer population of the tumors there are cancer stem cells (CSC) that are tumorigenic cells and are biologically distinct from other subpopulations They have two defining features: their long-term ability to self-renew and their capacity to differentiate into progeny that is non-tumorigenic but still contributes to the growth of the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers pieced together analyses of multiple slices of the tumors to build a picture of the differences within metastases. (scienceboard.net)
  • Switchable targeting of solid tumors by BsCAR T cells. (yale.edu)
  • Furthermore, tumors cells can induce surrounding normal tissue cells to alter the overall microenvironment by secreting growth factors or proteases, or by suppressing immune response signals. (atcc.org)
  • CSCs derived from both CSCs and non-CSCs give rise to tumors through self-renewal and are able to differentiate into multiple cell types [6]-[9]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Clinical drug resistance linked to interconvertible phenotypic and functional states of tumor-propagating cells in multiple myeloma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The syndromes of insulin resistance actually make up a broad clinical spectrum, which includes obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, as well as an extreme insulin-resistant state. (medscape.com)
  • In clinical practice, no single laboratory test is used to diagnose insulin resistance syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • In insulin resistance, various clinical entities of this state are evident. (medscape.com)
  • While variousantifolates have been previously evaluated in clinical trials, drug developmentwas stopped or delayed in light of their lack of efficacy oroccurrence of life-threatening toxicities. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 3 Acquired resistance to an initially effective therapy is a much greater challenge in the clinical setting as optimism following initial treatment and response can quickly turn into poor results and devastating outcomes. (atcc.org)
  • Learn about the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in engineering cell models that mimic specific cancer genotypes and phenotypes found in clinical tumor samples. (atcc.org)
  • These are extremely important issues not only in clinical practice but also fundamental in drug development ( Garattini, 2007 ). (nature.com)
  • Continued surveillance for C. auris , prudent antifungal use, and susceptibility testing for all C. auris clinical isolates (especially after patients have been treated with antifungal drugs) are needed. (cdc.gov)
  • Highlights that viral resistance to tecovirimat has been rare, and when documented has occurred with prolonged administration and severe clinical outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, CDC has been evaluating suspect cases (identified either by F13L sequencing efforts or by suspicion based on clinical course) for phenotypic resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Drug resistance val (CI) = 1.4-62) did not outperform corresponding classifiers based on clinical variables. (lu.se)
  • As CSCs form a small proportion of the tumor, this may not necessarily select for drugs that act specifically on the stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer stem cells were first identified by John Dick in acute myeloid leukemia in the late 1990s. (wikipedia.org)
  • His research focused on dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and autophagy. (nih.gov)
  • During his postdoc, he carried out research to determine the role of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) during osteoblast (OB) differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSC). (nih.gov)
  • Cancer stem cells are responsible for tumor chemoresistance and recurrence in adjuvant and metastatic settings. (isciii.es)
  • The objective of this article was to evaluate how these chemotherapeutic regimens affect the proportion of cancer stem cells and the expression of stemness markers. (isciii.es)
  • After analyzing different tumor stem cell markers (SOX2, OCT4, CD133, CD44 and CD24) in pancreatic cancer cells treated with different chemotherapeutic protocols by means of RT-qPCR, Oxaliplatin and Gemcitabine in monotherapy were the chemotherapies that selected the most cancer stem cells while the FOLFIRI protocol decreased them. (isciii.es)
  • Recurrence and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer are largely related to cancer stem cells. (isciii.es)
  • Essentially this theory proposes that all cells have the ability to be tumorigenic making all tumor cells equipotent with the ability to self-renew or differentiate, leading to tumor heterogeneity while others can differentiate into non-CSCs The cell's potential can be influenced by unpredicted genetic or epigenetic factors, resulting in phenotypically diverse cells in both the tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic cells that compose the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • July 18, 2022 -- Using single-cell genetic analyses of frozen brain samples, Columbia University researchers have uncovered evidence of how melanoma brain metastases evade current treatments. (scienceboard.net)
  • Most single-cell genetic analyses use fresh brain samples, but they are in short supply. (scienceboard.net)
  • Mutational signatures reflect the history of genetic changes in cells. (sciencecodex.com)
  • Now scientists, reporting in ACS Central Science , have found that insights into a rare genetic disease known as NGLY1 deficiency could help scientists understand how that resistance works-and potentially how drugs can outsmart it. (medicalxpress.com)
  • 5,6 Cancer cells are highly plastic and adaptable, evolving and accumulating irreversible genetic alterations throughout the initiation and development of the tumor. (atcc.org)
  • 7 The genetic abnormalities and drug sensitivities of cells within the same tumor can vary widely, resulting in the survival and regrowth of a sub-population of tumor cells after a treatment that initially appears to be effective. (atcc.org)
  • 3,4 In some cases, tumor cells can even acquire secondary genetic alterations during drug treatment. (atcc.org)
  • In a recent preclinical study published in Blood Cancer Discovery , the newest journal of the AACR, researchers investigated genetic abnormalities that could promote the development of multiple myeloma. (aacr.org)
  • This discovery increases our understanding of how genetic abnormalities may increase the risk of progressing from MGUS to multiple myeloma. (aacr.org)
  • The way a person responds to a drug is affected by many factors, including Genetic makeup Age Body size Use of other drugs and dietary supplements (such. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MK571, a potent inhibitor of MRP1 activity, almost totally reversed resistance of GLC4/Sb30 cells to mercuric ions and arsenic while it did not significantly alter sensitivity of GLC4 cells to metals. (nih.gov)
  • failure of the signals or of the B cells to adapt adequately in relation to insulin sensitivity results in inappropriate insulin levels, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • The BCL-2 antagonist venetoclax is highly cytotoxic in a subset of t(11;14) multiple myeloma (MM). In investigating the metabolic basis for the sensitivity of t(11;14) MM to venetoclax, we determined that sensitive cells exhibit significantly reduced succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) activity. (lls.org)
  • POGLUT2 was mainly expressed in stromal cells as verified by StromalScore, ESTIMATEScore, ImmuneScore, and Tumor purity, and POGLUT2 was positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • The BM milieu contains stromal cells (BMSCs), osteoclasts, myeloid cells, and immune effector cells. (dana-farber.org)
  • Many anticancer drugs, such as platinum compounds, alkylating agents and nitrosoureas, cause direct damage to the structural integrity of the DNA, and resistance to these compounds results from activation of DNA repair systems. (nature.com)
  • The analysis found brain metastases are more chromosomally unstable than melanoma cells in other parts of the body, suggesting their drug resistance may stem from their ability to suppress the immune response. (scienceboard.net)
  • To understand why melanoma spreads and resists treatment, researchers at Columbia University sought to gain insights into the underlying biology of metastatic cells. (scienceboard.net)
  • These cells were subjected to 3 functional tests of cross resistance to epirubicin, including MTT cytotoxicity assay, quantitative accumulation by flow cytometry and nuclear uptake or exclusion by live cell fluorescence microscopy. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Results: MTT assay and flow cytometry revealed clear indications of resistance. (soton.ac.uk)
  • In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that MRP1 likely handled some, but not all, cytotoxic metals such as arsenic and mercuric ions in addition to antimony, therefore resulting in reduced toxicity of these compounds towards MRP1-overexpressing cells. (nih.gov)
  • The FDA recently approved the first proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade), formerly known as PS-341, for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM. However, prolonged treatment with bortezomib is associated with toxicity and the development of drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
  • This new organizational entity is constructed at the behest of the mutated epithelial cell. (hhs.gov)
  • Isolates from humans showed resistance rates lower than those found in imported meat but higher than in domestic meat. (cdc.gov)
  • Melms and his collaborators know of several experimental drugs designed to reduce chromosomal instability that are scheduled to be tested in humans soon. (scienceboard.net)
  • AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Similarly, mir-4433b expression was significantly elevated in panobinostat-resistant patients compared to sensitive patients, suggesting a potential effect of mir-4433b on the regulation of panobinostat drug response in MM patients. (helsinki.fi)
  • Modulating the intracellular glutathione level by pre-treating the cells with either BSO (buthionine- Sulfoximine) or glutathione significantly influenced the potential of Cr(VI) to induce expression of the HO-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • The Cr-induced overexpression of the HO-1 gene in the BSO-treated cells was significantly higher than in those cells without BSO treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • The team applied these approaches in the study of leukemias driven by the Bcr-Abl mutation, a mutation that has been successfully targeted by the well-known drug Gleevec. (uclahealth.org)
  • Expression, gene mutation and amplification, methylation, and copy number alteration (CNA) of POGLUT2 were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Viral supression allows for immunologic improvement (as measured by CD4 counts), prevents the selection of drug-resistance mutation, and decreases HIV transmission to others. (medscape.com)
  • A single mutation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus discovered in ticks impairs infectivity in human cells. (cdc.gov)
  • This review focuses on the main viral and host determinants involved in HBV persistence in infected cells. (nih.gov)
  • Viral load and CD4+ T cell testing should ideally be performed twice before initiating or changing an antiretroviral treatment regimen. (cdc.gov)
  • To prevent the development of resistance, doctors try to use antibiotics only when necessary (not for viral infections such as a cold) and have people take them for a full course of treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To infect, the viral genome must enter the cell, where it hijacks the host cell's machinery and synthesizes multiple copies of virions. (lu.se)
  • Alternatively, following viral DNA release into a cell, cell-virus interaction leads to a dormant (so-called latent) state for a virus where its genome remains in the cell without replication which can later reactive and result in cell lysis. (lu.se)
  • This pressure is capable of powering ejection of the entire viral genome into a host cell nucleus, leading to infection. (lu.se)
  • Isolates from imported meat showed a higher rate of antimicrobial drug resistance, including multidrug resistance, than did isolates from domestic meat. (cdc.gov)
  • In recent years, an increase in the occurrence of antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • and these patients are more likely to require hospitalization and to be hospitalized for longer periods than are patients with infections caused by antimicrobial drug-susceptible Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • We compared antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from both imported meat and meat produced within Denmark (domestic meat), as well as from outpatients with diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
  • The serovars included were restricted to S. Typhimurium, S. Hadar, S. Dublin, S. Saintpaul , S. Enteritidis, S. Virchow, and S. Newport because these were the serovars of which a sufficient number of isolates had been tested for antimicrobial drug susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains an alarming public health threat worldwide. (who.int)
  • Although this brings a hope to identify drug resistance and detect the cancer's relapse at an early stage, the corresponding treatment solutions are not always available. (atcc.org)
  • Combined inhibition of Trx and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway resulted in massive cell death. (uni-koeln.de)
  • We conclude that the Trx system and the PI3K pathway act as a sequential cascade and could potentially present a new drug target. (uni-koeln.de)
  • To conclude, it was identified that the probable anti‑CA mechanism of miRNA‑375 modulates HPV through the UBE3A and IGF‑1R pathway in cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this work, we confirmed that overexpressed miR-381-3p repressed biological functions of glioma cells. (hindawi.com)
  • miR-381-3p-mimic, oe-ANTXR1, and corresponding negative controls (NCs) (NC-mimic and oe-NC) were ordered from GeneChem (Shanghai, China) and transfected into glioma cells U87 at 50 nM using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA). (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer Cell 40: 1470-1487, Dec 2022. (upenn.edu)
  • These findings identify an integral role of pDCs in MM pathogenesis and provide the basis for targeting pDC-MM interactions as therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcome.Genomics and proteomics studies have identified therapeutic targets to interrupt growth and/or amplify apoptotic signaling in MM cells to enhance cytotoxicity and overcome drug resistance. (dana-farber.org)
  • We have undertaken a systematic exploration of the cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous processes that drive PDA pathogenesis and resistance. (hhs.gov)
  • Saki N, Abroun S, Hajizamani S, Rahim F, Shahjahani M: Association of chromosomal translocation and miRNA expression with the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. (karger.com)
  • Thioredoxin (Trx) overexpression is known to be a cause of chemotherapy resistance in various tumor entities. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy accounting for 11,000 deaths annually in the US, with the majority succumbing to disease due to the development of resistance. (lls.org)
  • The third edition of CPTAC continued and deepened this proteogenomic approach, adding new emphasis on translational work as researchers aimed to use genomics and proteomics to better understand patient drug response and the development of resistance. (genomeweb.com)
  • The drugs work by jamming some of cancer cells ' machinery to induce cell death. (medicalxpress.com)
  • During the cellular differentiation process, cellular metabolism alters as the cell prepares for ongoing changes. (nih.gov)
  • The first group includes pharmacological and physiological factors such as drug metabolism and excretion, inadequate access of the drug to the tumour, inadequate infusion rate and inadequate route of delivery. (nature.com)
  • The cytochrome P 450 enzymes, a multigene family of constitutive and inducible haem-containing oxidative enzymes from the liver, play an important role in the metabolism of a diverse range of xenobiotics and are often overexpressed in a variety of solid tumours in which they can contribute to drug resistance. (nature.com)
  • Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders of electrolyte metabolism characterized by an apparent state of renal tubular unresponsiveness or resistance to the action of aldosterone. (medscape.com)
  • In a study published on July 7 in Cell , the researchers describe the use of single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and matched spatial single-cell transcriptomics and T-cell receptor sequencing to analyze more than 100,000 cells. (scienceboard.net)
  • Ambient insulin levels, various physiologic and disease states, and drugs regulate insulin receptor concentration or affinity. (medscape.com)
  • Synthesis of folic acid functionalized gold nanoclusters for targeting folate receptor-positive cells. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)
  • Research in this area conventionally involves in vitro models using resistant cell lines generated by continuous low dose drug exposure for many months, unlike the exposure experienced by residual superficial bladder cancer cells during chemotherapy adjuvant to resection. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Cells regrew in 3 of 24 cultures at 15.6, 3.91 and 0.98 mg/ml exposure. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions: results indicate that some multidrug resistance potential exists even in a cloned cell line that is capable of surviving 1 short drug exposure and expanding after that insult. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Birare, Narendrakumar , Lwaleed, Bashir A. and Cooper, Alan J. (2009) Multidrug resistance in a urothelial cancer cell line after 1-hour mitomycin C exposure. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Chronic TGF-β exposure drives stabilized EMT, tumor stemness, and cancer drug resistance with vulnerability to bitopic mTOR inhibition. (ucsf.edu)
  • While naturally circulating tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox viruses have not been observed, previous cell culture experiments performed during drug development and independent studies performed prior to the current outbreak have demonstrated induction of resistance following tecovirimat exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • These new approaches for sorting out the complexities of cancer cells involve building a wiring diagram of the interconnections or "crosstalk" in cancer cells that will help scientists overcome drug resistances. (uclahealth.org)
  • Not only one target is attacked, but multiple targets, and they are all lethal," said study coauthor Tanja Schneider of the University of Bonn in Germany. (latimes.com)
  • Among these patients, three were found to have pan-resistant C. auris that developed after receipt of antifungal medications, including echinocandins, a class of drugs that targets the fungal cell wall. (cdc.gov)
  • Further testing showed that dampening NGLY1 allowed a proteasome inhibitor to continue doing its work killing cancer cells without interference from Nrf1. (medicalxpress.com)
  • however, it launched the proteasome inhibitor drug discovery field that resulted in the development of the only UPS-based drugs approved by the FDA: bortezomib (BTZ) and carfilzomib. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • Simultaneous measurements of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in live cells revealed that OB differentiation decreased the oxygen consumption rate, which indicates reduced ATP production and mitochondrial respiration. (nih.gov)
  • Upregulated miR-143 in CSCs differentiation promotes prostate cancers cells SCH58261 metastasis by modulating FNDC3B appearance. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Insulin resistance is a state in which a given concentration of insulin produces a less-than-expected biological effect. (medscape.com)
  • Insulin resistance has also been arbitrarily defined as the requirement of 200 or more units of insulin per day to attain glycemic control and to prevent ketosis. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment involves pharmacologic therapy to reduce insulin resistance, along with surgical management of underlying causes if appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • Medications that reduce insulin resistance (insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycemic effects) include metformin and the thiazolidinediones. (medscape.com)
  • the kinase activity autophosphorylates and mediates multiple actions of insulin. (medscape.com)
  • thus, insulin resistance results in increased insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • Enhanced TGF-� Signaling Contributes to the Insulin-Induced Angiogenic Responses of Endothelial Cells. (ucsf.edu)
  • Drugs, environmental toxins and insulin resistance may trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, while thyroid hormones are known to enhance energy production in skeletal muscle cells. (womensinternational.com)
  • Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection, to assess factors associated with insulin resistance and to test the impact of insulin resistance on outcomes of treatment with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. (who.int)
  • This study confirms that insulin resistance affects treatment outcome, and thus HOMA-IR testing before initiation of therapy may be a cost-effective tool. (who.int)
  • Bong I, Ng CC, Baharuddin P, Zakaria Z: MicroRNA expression patterns and target prediction in multiple myeloma development and malignancy. (karger.com)
  • Intracellular distribution, in which nuclear exclusion indicates resistance, was distinctively resistant in 1 subline and another 2 were equivocal. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
  • Pharmacological inhibition of Trx by 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl-disulfide (PX-12) reduced viability of three GBM cell lines, induced expression of active caspase-3, and reduced phosphorylation of AKT-kinase and expression of -catenin. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Graeber likens the goal to creating a better roadmap by identifying the bypass routes used by cancer cells to escape the inhibition caused by the drugs. (uclahealth.org)
  • We found that inhibition of this enzyme sensitizes resistant MM to ABT-199, affording a potent strategy to cause cell death. (lls.org)
  • Furthermore, POGLUT2 knockdown of breast cancer cells was established, followed by in vitro biological function assays and in vivo tumor growth study. (frontiersin.org)
  • The formulation also manifested hemo-compatibility, potent anti-denaturation activity and dose-dependent in-vitro and in-vivo anti-cancer potential against MCF-7 breast cancer and Hep-G2 liver cancer cell lines in both orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft cancer models. (ac.ir)
  • Previous studies have identified that UBE3A exhibits abnormal expression in numerous tumor cells, including prostate, cervical and breast cancer ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the present study, we analyzed the impact of the Trx system on intrinsic chemoresistance of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to cytostatic drugs. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Drug resistance in cancer comes in two forms: intrinsic resistance and acquired resistance. (atcc.org)
  • Intrinsic resistance is present before a therapy is administered, and it results in the inherent ability of cancer cells to survive at clinically relevant concentrations of a drug. (atcc.org)
  • A poor initial response to the given treatment indicates that a patient may have intrinsic drug resistance. (atcc.org)
  • An invasive PDA represents the coordinated evolution of cell- intrinsic and extrinsic processes and capabilities that subvert and repurpose the dictums of normal tissue composition, architecture, and physiology to foster unbridled growth and colonization. (hhs.gov)
  • MiR-21 regulates EMT phenotype and hypoxia-inducible aspect-1α appearance in third-sphere developing breast SCH58261 cancer SCH58261 tumor stem cell-like cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • The aim of this study was to determinate the effect of different chemotherapy protocols used in the clinic on tumor stem cell markers in vitro . (isciii.es)
  • Prospective assessment in paired, pretreatment, and posttreatment bone marrow samples shows that Pre-PCs are up to 300-fold more drug-resistant than PCs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Such cells were found to be 3.4-, 12.7- and 16.3-fold more resistant than parental GLC4 cells to mercuric ion, arsenite and arsenate, respectively, whereas they remained sensitive to other cytotoxic metals tested such as copper, chromium, cobalt or aluminium. (nih.gov)
  • Fatality rates are higher for patients with infections caused by drug-resistant Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Imported meat is therefore an important potential source of human infection with drug-resistant Salmonella spp. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, since it is a global public health problem involving several sectors, it also requires a global solution in the context of the One Health approach to achieve adequate control through the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of drug-resistant infections. (who.int)
  • When drug-resistant cases develop, they become unmanageable in the clinic and are usually fatal. (uclahealth.org)
  • Our studies of sensitive and resistant MM cell lines and patient samples revealed that sensitive cells uniquely have reduced activity of an enzyme called succinate-ubiquinone reductase (SQR). (lls.org)
  • Finally Suz-12 was inversely correlated with miR-200b positively correlated with HDAC1 and up-regulated in docetaxel-resistant LAD cells compared with docetaxel-sensitive tissues. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Taken collectively the HDAC1/miR-200b/Suz-12-E-cadherin signaling might account SCH58261 for maintenance of CSCs and formation of chemoresistant phenotype in docetaxel-resistant LAD cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Nevertheless whether miR-200b regulates CSCs produced from docetaxel-resistant LAD cells continues to be poorly realized and must become further elucidated. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • that are comes from human being docetaxel-resistant LAD cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Candida auris is an emerging yeast that is often drug-resistant. (cdc.gov)
  • Although extensive investigations failed to document transmission of pan-resistant isolates from the three patients to other patients or the environment, the emergence of pan-resistance is concerning. (cdc.gov)
  • However, if all or many of the "normal" microorganisms or cells are killed by a drug, a much higher proportion of the survivors are likely to be resistant. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the resistant survivors are not killed by the body's natural defenses, which is more likely when drugs are stopped too soon or not taken in the proper manner, they may reproduce and pass on the resistant trait to their descendants. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the treatment of certain serious infections, such as HIV, doctors usually give two or more different drugs at the same time because it is very unlikely that a cell would spontaneously be resistant to two drugs at the same time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the setting of transmitted drug resistance, the choice of antiretroviral therapy should be tailored according the the results of resistance (typically genotype) testing. (medscape.com)
  • For instance miR-34a repression causes digestive tract CSCs to execute asymmetric cell department and promotes little girl cells to stay digestive tract CSCs by regulating Notch signaling. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • It is important to obtain testing for drug resistance and hepatitis co-infection before intitiation of ART, as these results can impact choice of regimen. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, acquired drug resistance occurs after an initial positive response to the therapy. (atcc.org)
  • α-PD-1 therapy elevates Treg/Th balance and increases tumor cell pSmad3 that are both targeted by α-TGFβ antibody to promote durable rejection and immunity in squamous cell carcinomas. (ucsf.edu)
  • We used the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 as a model to apply different chemotherapeutic protocols (monotherapy and combined therapy) using 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, Gemcitabine and Abraxane. (isciii.es)
  • The mechanism of HBV resistance to nucleoside analogs are described as well as the concept for multiple drug therapy and combination with immunostimulatory approaches. (nih.gov)
  • Initiation of therapy in the asymptomatic person is more complex and involves consideration of multiple virologic, immunologic, and psychosocial factors. (cdc.gov)
  • however, the strength of the recommendation to treat should be based on the patient's willingness to accept therapy as well as the prognosis for AIDS-free survival as determined by the HIV RNA copy per mL of plasma and the CD4+ T cell count. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-the most prevalent histologic form-accounts for 75% to 80% of lung cancers. (cancernetwork.com)
  • A new class of drugs for blood cancers such as leukemia and multiple myeloma is showing promise. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The stromal barrier to perfusion also serves as a primary mechanism of drug resistance in limiting the tumor penetration of systemically delivered agents. (hhs.gov)
  • Platelets, endothelial cells, and leukocytes become activated and, in turn, initiate the coagulation cascade while releasing various mediators. (medscape.com)
  • CSCs are therefore tumorigenic (tumor-forming), perhaps in contrast to other non-tumorigenic cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This functional heterogeneity among cancer cells has led to the creation of multiple propagation models to account for heterogeneity and differences in tumor-regenerative capacity: the cancer stem cell (CSC) and stochastic model. (wikipedia.org)
  • Materials and methods: RT112 bladder cancer cells (Catalog No. ACC 418, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany) were exposed to a range of mitomycin C concentrations for 1 hour. (soton.ac.uk)
  • An international team of researchers, led by University of Minnesota Twin Cities engineers, has discovered that cancer cells invade the body based on. (scienceboard.net)
  • A new technology that helps CAR T cells attack cancer cells more aggressively than conventional methods has been published by researchers from North Carolina. (scienceboard.net)
  • In their work, the UCLA team uses state-of-the-art technologies that concurrently measure hundreds of signaling events within cancer cells. (uclahealth.org)
  • They are trying to learn more about how these events interconnect to determine how to target the cancer cells. (uclahealth.org)
  • Glycosylated RNAs (glycoRNAs) are a recently discovered class of surface molecule identified on multiple cell lineages, including cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms or cancer cells to withstand the effects of a drug usually effective against them. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, PX-12 also sensitized primary human GBM cells to temozolomide. (uni-koeln.de)
  • C8-Substituted Imidazotetrazine Analogs Overcome Temozolomide Resistance by Inducing DNA Adducts and DNA Damage FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY. (nottingham.ac.uk)