Specification and differentiationProliferationVitroLineagesHematopoietic stemPathwaysStromal cellsStemnessProteinsLipidAxonalMSCsEffectorMesenchymalProgenitorCytokinesBonePatternsHomeostasisMolecularOutgrowthRegenerativeImmunocytochemistryPhenotypeReceptorsAdult stemRolesStem cellAdhesionImmune cellsPathwayExpressionPopulationsNeuronsSignalsSpecificActivationControlHumanCancersFacilitateGive riseClinical
Specification and differentiation2
- Our data reveal a significant overlap between Notch-dependent genes in the fallopian epithelium and the defined 'stem cell signature' of the mouse intestine, suggesting the existence of a conserved pathway that regulates tissue renewal and directly controls cell fate specification and differentiation in the organoid by inhibiting cilliogenesis. (nature.com)
- Activation of mTOR-dependent pathways regulates the specification and differentiation of CD4 + T effector cell subsets. (jci.org)
Proliferation5
- Microarray analysis reveals that inhibition of Notch signalling causes downregulation of stem cell-associated genes in parallel with decreased proliferation and increased numbers of ciliated cells and that organoids also respond to oestradiol and progesterone treatment in a physiological manner. (nature.com)
- Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
- In addition, IL-2 shows a pleiotropic activity, enhancing both cell proliferation and cell death. (weizmann.ac.il)
- It maintains normal hematopoietic function by interacting with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to control their proliferation and differentiation ( Morrison and Scadden, 2014 ). (techscience.com)
Vitro9
- We show that single epithelial stem cells in vitro can give rise to differentiated organoids containing ciliated and secretory cells. (nature.com)
- The presence of 'stem cell-like' cells has previously been postulated based on sphere-forming capacity and differentiation in vitro 1 and evidence for the presence of label-retaining cells in the distal fallopian tube 2 . (nature.com)
- Here we demonstrate the existence of adult stem cells in the human fallopian tube epithelium, which gives rise to a monolayer of differentiated epithelial cells in a complex 3D organoid in vitro . (nature.com)
- Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
- Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
- Second, altering the MSC state by inducing differentiation into multiple lineages did not affect the exosomal properties or endocytosis but triggered the expression of lineage-specific genes and proteins in vitro and in vivo respectively. (frontiersin.org)
- Transfection of MDS-MSCs with the miR-103-3p mimic improved osteogenic differentiation and decreased adipogenic differentiation in vitro, while inhibition of miR-103-3p showed the opposite results in NOR-MSCs. (techscience.com)
Lineages2
- Upon activation, naïve CD4+ T-cells can differentiate into one out of few possible lineages, each invoking a specific immune response. (weizmann.ac.il)
- The pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) may be related to the abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which could influence the differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. (techscience.com)
Hematopoietic stem1
- Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
Pathways2
- In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the different intracellular pathways involved in the programming of Treg cell homeostasis and functions in cancer. (mdpi.com)
- Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
Stromal cells5
- However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
- Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are multipotent stem cells and are considered good candidates for cell restoration in injured brain tissue. (sld.cu)
- Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are adult stem cells with characteristics that make them an attractive candidate in cellular therapy for neurological diseases (1). (sld.cu)
- The bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) is a complex network system primarily comprising stromal cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoprogenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and cytokines. (techscience.com)
Stemness1
- It seems that the term "stem cell" became more popular although the "stemness" was only shown in a more strict sense for MSCs involved in osteogenesis and bone repair. (hindawi.com)
Proteins2
- Many existing tissue-engineering approaches focus on delivery of selected proteins (growth factors, transcription factors etc.) or nucleic acids to host or implanted stem cells to achieve lineage specific differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
- Members of the Rho family of small G proteins transduce signals from plasma-membrane receptors and control cell adhesion, motility and shape by actin cytoskeleton formation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Lipid1
- The miR-103-3p mimics may boost MDS-MSCs osteogenic differentiation while weakening lipid differentiation, thereby providing possible target for the treatment of MDS pathogenesis. (techscience.com)
Axonal3
- Previous studies have indicated that newly formed oligodendrocytes are dynamic cells whose production, survival, and differentiation depend upon axonal influences. (rupress.org)
- These observations support the hypothesis that axonal influences affect oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and expression of proteolipid protein gene products. (rupress.org)
- displays a reduced size of the corticospinal tract and decreased axonal association with nonmyelinating Schwann cells. (jneurosci.org)
MSCs9
- Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
- We therefore briefly discuss differences found in subsets of human bmMSCs and in MSCs isolated from some other sources and touch upon how this could be utilized for cell-based therapies. (hindawi.com)
- The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Overview of studies published regarding MSCs using the term "stem cell" or "stromal cell" in the last 20 years accessed by a web search in July 2015 (Google Scholar). (hindawi.com)
- When the biological properties of MSCs were explored in more detail, questions arose whether these cells met the criterion of a true stem cell [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)
- Overall, the results presented in this study show a common mechanism of endocytosis for MSC EVs across different cell types and the feasibility to generate functionally enhanced EVs by modifications to parental MSCs. (frontiersin.org)
- Thus, the expression of miR-103-3p decreases in MDS BM plasma and MDS-MSCs, significantly impacting MDS-MSCs differentiation. (techscience.com)
Effector3
- Herein, we show that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 have distinct roles in the generation of CD8 + T cell effector and memory populations. (jci.org)
- however, due to constitutive mTORC1 activation, these cells retained a terminally differentiated effector phenotype and were incapable of transitioning into a memory state. (jci.org)
- At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Mesenchymal1
- Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) are multipotent somatic stem cells that can be isolated from a variety of tissues such as the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and dental pulp. (frontiersin.org)
Progenitor1
- They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Cytokines4
- This decision is influenced by the spectrum of cytokines that the cells sense. (weizmann.ac.il)
- The differentiating cells also actively alter these signals by producing relevant cytokines, thus influencing the differentiation process through extracellular feedbacks. (weizmann.ac.il)
- While differentiation is usually studied under polarizing conditions, applying only one signal at a time, cells in vivo are expected to sense a more complex environment, in which they may be simultaneously exposed to combinations of cytokines. (weizmann.ac.il)
- We explore differentiation under mixed input conditions by exposing cells to varied combinations of cytokines, experimentally mapping the "decision space" of the differentiation process at the single cell level. (weizmann.ac.il)
Bone1
- The bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) population, which makes up a large part of the hematopoietic microenvironment, encompasses a variety of adherent cell types. (techscience.com)
Patterns1
- Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
Homeostasis1
- 2012). In an additional work, performed in collaboration with Yuval Hart and Uri Alon from the department of molecular cell biology, we show that IL-2 pleiotropic activity can result in homeostasis of cell numbers, where the final cell concentration is independent of initial concentration over a large range (Hart et. (weizmann.ac.il)
Molecular1
- however, the molecular mechanisms of renewal and differentiation remain obscure in many cases, including the fallopian tube, a central organ of human reproduction. (nature.com)
Outgrowth2
- Such activation is known to affect cell migration and outgrowth of axons and dendrites in vivo. (embl-heidelberg.de)
- L1 has been localized to growth cones and processes of postmitotic developing neurons, where it mediates cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and axon bundling. (jneurosci.org)
Regenerative3
- Although MSC EVs show great promise for regenerative medicine applications, insights into their uptake mechanisms by different target cells and the ability to control MSC EV properties for defined function in vivo have remained elusive knowledge gaps. (frontiersin.org)
- Kim and Park, 2017 ) and make HMSCs attractive cells for regenerative therapies. (frontiersin.org)
- They may also serve as an unlimited source of therapeutically active cells for regenerative medi- cine. (lu.se)
Immunocytochemistry2
- GDNF production in individual cells in the culture was analyzed by Immunocytochemistry. (sld.cu)
- Finally, we provide protocols for analyzing these cells through flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. (lu.se)
Phenotype1
- These findings support a model by which decision under mixed conditions follows a fuzzy logic, where cells project their internal state onto the output phenotype stochastically, with probabilities which depend on the system's input. (weizmann.ac.il)
Receptors1
- Extracellular feedback occurs when a cell expresses receptors to a cytokine that it secretes. (weizmann.ac.il)
Adult stem1
- Here we report on the establishment of long-term, stable 3D organoid cultures from human fallopian tubes, indicative of the presence of adult stem cells. (nature.com)
Roles1
- These new findings suggest new roles for L1 in the mechanism of cortical dendrite differentiation, as well as in guidance of callosal axons and regulation of hippocampal development. (jneurosci.org)
Stem cell3
- Furthermore, Notch is responsible for the regulation of known stem cell factor genes. (nature.com)
- To qualify as a stem cell, these cells must be able to self-renew, most likely by symmetric cell division to produce two daughter cells with the same stem cell qualities. (hindawi.com)
- Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
Adhesion1
- In humans, mutations in the L1 cell adhesion molecule are associated with a neurological syndrome termed CRASH, which includes corpus callosum agenesis, mental retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity, and hydrocephalus. (jneurosci.org)
Immune cells2
- Among immune cells, Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are potent inhibitors of cancer immunity, and their presence within solid tumors is generally associated with a poor prognosis. (mdpi.com)
- Communication between immune cells is necessary to control immune responses in time and space, and probably takes an important part in immune recognition and information processing as well. (weizmann.ac.il)
Pathway1
- Our results demonstrate an association between cognitive impairment and a defect in a signalling pathway that depends on a Ras-like GTPase. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Expression1
- When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
Populations3
- Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
- However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
- To track differentiating cell populations, reporter cell lines generated by homologous recombination (knock-in) or via BAC transgenes have been widely used in mouse cells (5-8 ). (lu.se)
Neurons3
- On the other hand, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has the strongest trophic effect on dopaminergic neurons (10). (sld.cu)
- In the motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex, many pyramidal neurons in layer V exhibited undulating apical dendrites that did not reach layer I. The hippocampus of L1 mutant mice was smaller than normal, with fewer pyramidal and granule cells. (jneurosci.org)
- We provide detailed protocols for the generation of lentiviral vectors, the transduction of hES-cells, and their differentia- tion into neurons. (lu.se)
Signals1
- rather their responses strongly rely on signals that they receive from other cells in the system. (weizmann.ac.il)
Specific2
- Moreover, we show that cell state can be tuned into a specific state in this continuum by altering input signal combinations. (weizmann.ac.il)
- These strat- egies provide a robust way to visualize and isolate specific cell pop- ulations of differentiated pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
Activation2
- We study extracellular feedback by the cytokine IL-2 in the context of T-cell activation. (weizmann.ac.il)
- A theoretical model that we developed, in collaboration with Yoni Savir and Tsvi Tlusty from the department of physics of complex systems, shows that IL-2 can result in cooperation or competition between activating T cells, depending on their relative activation strength and timing. (weizmann.ac.il)
Control1
- Transcriptional Control of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer: Toward Therapeutic Targeting? (mdpi.com)
Human6
- This strategy provides a useful tool for visualization and identification of neural progeny derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (lu.se)
- We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
- Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)
- Although possible, these strategies are often complicated to transfer to human cells due to technical issues (9 ), and only a few successful cases have been described ( 10, 11 ). (lu.se)
- Here we describe how this system can be used for human embry- onic stem cells. (lu.se)
- A growing body of research shows that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common and increasing cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (cdc.gov)
Cancers1
- Head and neck cancer most commonly is of the squamous cell carcinoma type (HNSCC) and includes cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, sinonasal tract, and nasopharynx. (cdc.gov)
Facilitate1
- It is lined by simple columnar epithelium containing secretory and ciliated cells, which produce tubular fluid and facilitate transport of gametes, respectively. (nature.com)
Give rise1
- Figure 1: Single fallopian epithelial cells give rise to organoids that can be maintained long term. (nature.com)
Clinical1
- Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)