• The topics covered include nuclear reprogramming, regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the stem cell niche, and signaling and gene regulation in stem cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Our results now suggest that 4-MU treatment of MSC not only affects the formation of SG via increased levels of O-linked glycosylation of cellular proteins but also that MSC cultivated under osteogenic stimulation develop SG, which in turn support MSC differentiation into osteogenic precursor cells. (europa.eu)
  • Other research has suggested that cell differentiation on flat surfaces can be controlled by patterning the surface to restrict the locations where growing cells can attach themselves. (materialstoday.com)
  • Despite the research still to be done on this method, the ability to physically direct cell differentiation by shape alone potentially would be simpler, cheaper and possibly safer than using biochemical supplements, he says. (materialstoday.com)
  • In our lab, we found that hundreds of genes enriched in functional beta cells were not properly induced in the nonfunctional cells derived from embryonic stem cells, suggesting that manipulating critical regulators that can affect multiple beta cell genes simultaneously might be instrumental in directing beta cell differentiation and maturation in the culture dish. (ca.gov)
  • To date, it has been assumed that the differentiation of stem cells depends on the environment they are embedded in. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • The current view proposes that stem cell differentiation is controlled by their local environment, the so-called niche. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Thus, stem cells receive and interpret specific factors present in their niche that guide their differentiation into specific and restricted cell types. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Drosha degrades the messenger RNA for NFIB in the adult hippocampal stem cells and prevents the expression of this transcription factor which is necessary for the differentiation of oligodendrocytes and thus blocks their development and therefore biases differentiation towards neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Jmjd3 Controls Mesodermal and Cardiovascular Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. (stembook.org)
  • whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
  • The answer, according to new research from the laboratory of Lea Goentoro , assistant professor of biology at Caltech: the cells perform simple division. (caltech.edu)
  • 1 Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Unité Mixte de Recherche 9198, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. (nih.gov)
  • 3 Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093. (nih.gov)
  • Based on presentations by world-renowned investigators at the 73rd annual Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology, this volume reviews the latest advances in research on the control and regulation of stem cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Geert Kops is Professor of Molecular Tumour Cell Biology at the Hubrecht Institute, and a specialist in eukaryotic cell division. (uu.nl)
  • Normally, if you introduce a new material in biology, you'd expect to see a certain number of cells killed in the process," Savchenko said. (phys.org)
  • In a study published in Developmental Cell , a group led by Prof. Wu Qingfeng from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrated the presence of cell competition between neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during neurodevelopment. (phys.org)
  • Insights into the biology of stem cells will be gained by confirmation and characterization of candidate MaSC markers identified in this study. (frontiersin.org)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Title : Preventing opportunistic infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Practice Guidelines and Beyond Personal Author(s) : Sullivan, Keith M.;Dykewicz, Clare A.;Longworth, David L.;Boeckh, Michael;Baden, Lindsey R.;Rubin, Robert H.;Sepkowitz, Kent A. (cdc.gov)
  • Corporate Authors(s) : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.);Infectious Diseases Society of America. (cdc.gov)
  • The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells are covered, along with research shedding light on the roles of these cells in regeneration and cancer. (cshlpress.com)
  • The potential to generate functional pancreatic beta cells from human embryonic stem cells provides a promising avenue for beta cell replacement therapy for treatment of diabetes mellitus. (ca.gov)
  • Cdc4 (cell division control protein 4) is a substrate recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex, which acts as a mediator of ubiquitin transfer to target proteins, leading to their subsequent degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found that cells are able to monitor the abundance of a certain protein over time and somehow divide the abundance after the Tgf-b signal by the abundance before the signal. (caltech.edu)
  • Overall, we propose that a dedicated iron-acquisition protein complex exists at the cell surface of Arabidopsis root epidermal cells to optimize iron uptake. (nih.gov)
  • Monitoring and maintaining robust cell health and protein quality are critical to scale from the lab to commercialization. (beckman.com)
  • Producing highly productive cell lines and optimized cell culture conditions requires an understanding of the contributions of many key variables: cell culture media, cell growth rates, cell viability, protein expression levels, and other quality attributes including size, aggregation status, glycosylation and stability. (beckman.com)
  • The protein complex that the cells of animals, plants, and fungi use to control cell division was created long ago from at least 40 different proteins. (uu.nl)
  • During cell division, both chromatids - the two copies of a chromosome - contain a protein complex that resembles a fairground grappling hook. (uu.nl)
  • The composition of the kinetochore in the last common ancestor (LECA) of all current eukaryotic cells exhibits the diverse origin of the protein. (uu.nl)
  • Here, the cells are also engineered to produce a red fluorescent protein when stimulated by green light. (phys.org)
  • By using antibodies with glowing markers that bind to specific proteins and viewing the neurons under the microscope, Grima saw that the mutant Huntingtin protein clumped up in the same location of the cell as abnormal clumps of RanGAP1, the nuclear transport protein. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Grima also observed this same clumping of Huntingtin protein with RanGAP1 and nuclear pore proteins to the wrong place in the cell in brain tissue and cultured brain cells derived from deceased patients with Huntington's disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A critical aspect of therapeutic development and manufacture is host cell protein (HCP) detection, quantitation, and removal from drug substances, to ensure efficacy and prevent immunogenicity. (labmanager.com)
  • O-linked glycosylation is known to be a key player in controlling protein translation via regulating the formation of mRNA containing compartments termed stress granules (SG). (europa.eu)
  • Summary: A new study reports hippocampal neural stem cells regulate their own cell fate via the protein Drosha. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • A research group at the University of Basel now describes for the first time a mechanism by which hippocampal neural stem cells regulate their own cell fate via the protein Drosha. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Green: the stem cells and their progeny express protein. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Focusing on cyclin D1 as a major cell cycle regulator, we present evidence that a crucial cell cycle function of cyclin D1 is to prevent the transition into quiescence and identify a unique cyclin D1 protein kinetics that are indicative of very short G1 phases. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Many proteins are synthesised and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum, and when this organelle is under stress (that is, when it is unable to cope with its workload), three sensors (called PERK, IRE1 and ATF6) send signals to the rest of the cell to perform two tasks: to coordinate various ways of reducing the expression of genes, and to increase the protein folding capacity of the cell to meet demand. (elifesciences.org)
  • Equally importantly, ISRIB also prevented the reduction in overall protein synthesis that is normally observed within cells when eIF2 phosphorylation is high following integrated stress response kinase activation. (elifesciences.org)
  • How do genes control the growth and division of cells? (medlineplus.gov)
  • A variety of genes are involved in the control of cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The cell cycle has checkpoints (also called restriction points), which allow certain genes to check for problems and halt the cycle for repairs if something goes wrong. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The research group specializes in the study of genes at the single-cell level. (idw-online.de)
  • Being in the shape of a bone cell seems to induce the cells to activate the genes that ultimately produce bone tissue. (materialstoday.com)
  • Preliminary studies so far show that forced expression of select candidates in immature precursor cells can induce the expression of several genes critical for beta cell maturation. (ca.gov)
  • In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
  • Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The focus of this proposal is to identify and characterize new genes controlling feruloylation in grasses, as well as new genes that are responsible for the assembly of lignin into the cell wall and for biomass conversion. (energy.gov)
  • Germinal center (GC) B cells are rapidly proliferating and undergo somatic hypermutation in Ab genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Now that they have shown it is possible to control a cell with a synthetic genome, researchers say they will try to use the technology to solve complex environmental and energy problems. (voanews.com)
  • In order to study how Smad responds to Tgf-b in real time, the researchers made movies of the signaling process in individual cells. (caltech.edu)
  • This observation led the researchers to hypothesize that cells are somehow able to compute this ratio and that the gene response is proportional to this relative change (called a fold-change) rather than to the abundance of Smad3. (caltech.edu)
  • To test this, the researchers measured target gene expression in cells and compared how it correlated with both the abundance of Smad3 as well as the fold-change of Smad3. (caltech.edu)
  • Prior to this work, researchers trying to characterize the properties of a tumor might take a slice from it and measure the total amount of Smad in cells,' says Goentoro. (caltech.edu)
  • Experimental activation of a small set of nerve cells in the brain prevents convulsive seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of epilepsy among human adults, according to a study by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This could explain the overwhelming success of all cells with a cell nucleus, according to researchers at Utrecht University and the Hubrecht Institute. (uu.nl)
  • Researchers at the University of Bonn looked to see if they could control heart beats by applying light simulation to animals whose heart cells were made to express Channelrhodopsin. (theconversation.com)
  • A combination of Channelrhodopsin and Halorhodopsin allowed another team of researchers to "take over" the heart's pacemaker cells in zebrafish, overriding its natural rhythm , until the lights were turned off. (theconversation.com)
  • Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine and their collaborators have developed a technique that allows them to speed up or slow down human heart cells growing in a dish on command-simply by shining a light on them and varying its intensity. (phys.org)
  • Savchenko, Molokanova and other researchers have noted that cells in the lab grow better on graphene than other materials, and behave more like cells do in the body. (phys.org)
  • In this study, the researchers generated heart cells from donated skin cells, via an intermediary cell type called an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). (phys.org)
  • Researchers at the Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) have now found a gene mechanism that is responsible for the aging of hematopoietic stem cells. (idw-online.de)
  • Researchers at the Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) in Jena have been able to demonstrate that in mice, the growth factor Igf2bp2 controls hematopoietic stem cell function in young adulthood by activating stem cell metabolism and growth. (idw-online.de)
  • Working with mouse, fly and human cells and tissue, Johns Hopkins researchers report new evidence that disruptions in the movement of cellular materials in and out of a cell's control center - the nucleus - appear to be a direct cause of brain cell death in Huntington's disease, an inherited adult neurodegenerative disorder. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • To investigate cell competition between NPCs, the researchers first developed a novel strategy for genetic mosaic induction and clonal tracking based on a dual-color labeling system. (phys.org)
  • This approach enabled the researchers to induce genetic mosaicism in NPCs, allowing NPCs to carry different fluorescent proteins, and to track cell fate during the developmental continuum. (phys.org)
  • To determine whether cell competition naturally occurs in the developing brain , the researchers collected more than 1,000 mouse brains with clonal labeling of NPCs and studied their fate using short- and long-term lineage tracing. (phys.org)
  • To gain deeper insight, the researchers generated phenotype-, genotype- and transcriptotype-dependent datasets through single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, developed a loser signature scoring system and identified the molecular characteristic of loser cells. (phys.org)
  • Since the inherent differential expression of cell competition drivers is what triggers the competitive interaction and natural selection of NPCs, the researchers determined to ameliorate cell competition by reducing the expression of these drivers to the same level. (phys.org)
  • Chemical cues have been known to work in cases where researchers have identified the proper additives-a hormone in the case of bone cells. (materialstoday.com)
  • By placing tiny aggregates of cells inside yield-stress gels, researchers have shown they can print biological tissue in complex 3D shapes. (materialstoday.com)
  • Researchers from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel have now found that the fate of adult hippocampal stem cells is not only controlled by their local niche, but also by a cell-intrinsic mechanism. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • European researchers used of hybrid experimental platforms in two studies to enable the production of reprogrammable behaviors of cell populations. (acm.org)
  • The researchers have developed two platforms linking a microscope to a computer, while cells are placed in a microfluidic device in which the chemical environment can be varied, or exposed to light. (acm.org)
  • Tecan is collaborating with tissue engineering researchers at the University of Zurich to develop a novel, automated system for propagation of quality controlled cells that will be suitable for use in regenerative medicine therapies, such as intervertebral disc implants. (tecan.com)
  • The Igf2bp2-gene drives growth and metabolic activity at a young age but these activities contribute to the age-associated loss of hematopoietic stem cell function in later life. (idw-online.de)
  • All three proteins are stable throughout the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order for the cell cycle to proceed, several inhibitory proteins, as well as cyclins, have to be eliminated at given time points. (wikipedia.org)
  • In multicellular animals, cells communicate by emitting and receiving proteins, a process called signaling. (caltech.edu)
  • HYPOTHESIS: Do LRIG Proteins Regulate Stem Cell Quiescence by Promoting BMP Signaling? (nature.com)
  • This is the growing field of optogenetics, where proteins that change their shapes in response to light pulses can be used to control the electrical activity of cells inside living animals. (theconversation.com)
  • Each host cell line expresses a unique signature of proteins that are, affected by culture conditions, including temperature, acidity, nutrient supply, and other factors. (labmanager.com)
  • Although live imaging has provided extensive insights into this relationship at the single-cell level, the limited number of fluorescent markers that can be used in a single experiment has hindered efforts to link the dynamics of individual proteins responsible for decision making directly to cell cycle progression. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In addition, to allow manipulating the levels of endogenous proteins at will, we introduce a novel approach to render already existing GFP (trap) lines amenable to auxin-dependent degradation by simple ectopic expression of a degradation cassette using human cells and zebrafish as a proofs of principle. (cam.ac.uk)
  • This increasingly widespread experimental technique, called optogenetics, is noteworthy for its capacity to target specific sets of nerve cells in order to reveal their function. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Exciting cells and controlling heartbeats - could optogenetics create drug-free treatments? (theconversation.com)
  • This method provides a new tool in the technologies field seeing as it represents a valuable alternative to existing methods such as optogenetics and thermal stimulation for optical control of living cells activity. (jove.com)
  • One study applied optogenetics to activate gene expression by exposing cells to light, with a controller, using a model of the system, making real-time decisions about which dynamic disturbances to exert according to the cells' expected future behavior. (acm.org)
  • CD22 Controls Germinal Center B Cell Receptor Signaling, Which Influences Plasma Cell and Memory B Cell Output. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cell competition between sister neural stem/progenitor cells in mosaic environment. (phys.org)
  • This work elucidates the drivers, properties, molecular features and physiological function of cell competition in the context of neural stem/progenitor cells during early neurodevelopment. (phys.org)
  • Sites of loosely packed extracellular matrix (ECM) also offer stem and progenitor cell optimal space to proliferate and differentiate. (europa.eu)
  • These approaches result in the loss of all histological information pertaining to the in vivo locale of MaSC and progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Instead, we used laser microdissection to excise putative progenitor cells and control cells from their in situ locations in cryosections and characterized the molecular properties of these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • MaSC/progenitor cells were identified based on their ability to retain bromodeoxyuridine for an extended period. (frontiersin.org)
  • I'm convinced that regenerative medicine through tissue engineering will become a clinical reality, but to reach our goals we urgently need automated cell culture systems focused on repeatability, robustness and data traceability," said Prof Norbert Boos, Head of Spinal Surgery at the Orthopaedic University Hospital Balgrist, University of Zurich. (tecan.com)
  • The platform will be easily adjusted for culture of multiple cell types, providing standardized and affordable treatment procedures for regenerative medicine. (tecan.com)
  • You might think that a fungus more closely resembles bacteria than it does us", says Geert Kops, cell biologist at the Hubrecht Institute. (uu.nl)
  • Our research results about the function of Drosha challenge the way we used to think about how stem cell fate is controlled», says cell biologist Taylor. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Xue-Lian Sun et al, Stem cell competition driven by the Axin2-p53 axis controls brain size during murine development, Developmental Cell (2023). (phys.org)
  • Tight regulation of this process ensures that a dividing cell's DNA is copied properly, any errors in the DNA are repaired, and each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The experimental findings of the current study suggest that the activation of growth and metabolism in juvenile mice preprograms the subsequent loss of function of hematopoietic stem cells and inscribes this into the cell's memory. (idw-online.de)
  • We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
  • During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusion: BT is a treatment option in patients with severe therapy-refractory asthma that downregulates selectively structural abnormalities involved in airway narrowing and bronchial reactivity, particularly ASM, neuroendocrine epithelial cells, and bronchial nerve endings. (lu.se)
  • One of the most common signaling pathways is the transforming growth factor b (Tgf-b) pathway, which functions in all animal species throughout their lifetimes and regulates numerous biological processes, such as instructing cells how to differentiate-whether a stem cell will become a muscle cell or a bone cell, for example. (caltech.edu)
  • Malfunctions in the Tgf-b pathway have been implicated in many types of cancer, and that's why it's important for us to study how it works, to understand how cells use this pathway to take information from their environment and turn it into altered gene expression,' Goentoro says. (caltech.edu)
  • As ErbB-family ligands and receptors are highly expressed within the stem-cell niche 7 , we hypothesize that strong endogenous regulators must control the pathway in the stem-cell compartment. (nature.com)
  • Figure 4: Lrig1 controls endogenous signalling through the ErbB pathway. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, we identified Lnk as a physiological negative regulator of JAK2 in stem cells and TPO/Mpl/JAK2/Lnk as a major regulatory pathway in controlling stem cell self-renewal and quiescence. (jci.org)
  • In addition to its role in megakaryocyte production, signaling initiated by thrombopoietin (TPO) activation of its receptor, myeloproliferative leukemia virus protooncogene (c-Mpl, or Mpl), controls HSC homeostasis and self-renewal. (jci.org)
  • GC B cells show lower BCR-induced signaling when compared with naive B cells , but the functional relevance is not clear. (bvsalud.org)
  • We conclude that the differential expression of the low-affinity cis CD22 ligands in the GC normally results in a strong attenuation of BCR signaling in GC B cells , probably due to higher CD22-BCR interactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, attenuation of BCR signaling by CD22 is involved in GC output and B cell fate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings reveal ErbB activation as a strong inductive signal for stem-cell proliferation. (nature.com)
  • Tecan's new solution will control all necessary cell culture steps, including the isolation, seeding, proliferation, harvesting and analysis of cell lines and primary cells. (tecan.com)
  • During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
  • A method for stimulation of in-vitro cell cultures electrical activity with visible light, based on the use of organic semiconducting polymers is described. (jove.com)
  • Our method is described here for photostimulation of in vitro cell culture. (jove.com)
  • The beta-like cells generated with current protocols in vitro lack key features of normal beta-cells, most notably the ability to secrete insulin a regulated manner. (ca.gov)
  • This proposal explores strategies for maturing beta-cell precursors in the culture dish with the goal to produce fully functional insulin-producing beta-cells in vitro. (ca.gov)
  • We propose to manipulate these candidate regulators in vitro in order to force beta-cell precursors to adopt a mature phenotype. (ca.gov)
  • We have now established a robust in vitro system for culturing and manipulating beta-cell precursors. (ca.gov)
  • Over the next year, we will determine, by manipulating the expression of our candidate regulators, the optimal conditions required for inducing the production of mature beta cells in vitro. (ca.gov)
  • Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
  • A kind of messenger, Smad3 is activated at the cell membrane when a cell encounters the Tgf-β signal, and ultimately ends up in the nucleus of the cell where it directs gene expression. (caltech.edu)
  • The overall goal of this method is to control the cell membrane potential upon stimulation by visible light pulses. (jove.com)
  • In this talk we present how simple model-based control, optimization and estimation techniques can be used to improve the performance and robustness of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. (umich.edu)
  • Immunostained sections were assessed for airway smooth muscle (ASM) area, subepithelial basement membrane thickness, nerve fibers, and epithelial neuroendocrine cells. (lu.se)
  • In contrast to the prokaryotic bacterial cells, the eukaryotic cells of fungi, plants, and animals all have a nucleus that stores the DNA. (uu.nl)
  • Cell division in cells with a nucleus: microtubules (red) are pulling the chromosomes (blue) towards both sides of the nucleus. (uu.nl)
  • Moreover, they suggest, laboratory experiments with drugs designed to clear up these cellular "traffic jams" restored normal transport in and out of the nucleus and saved the cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • In 2015, Rothstein's team found out how a mutation in a gene - implicated in 40 percent of inherited ALS cases and 25 percent of inherited frontotemporal dementia cases - gums up transport in and out of the nucleus in neurons, ultimately shutting the cell down and leading to its death. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • This two-pronged response involves changes at both the transcriptional level (in the cell nucleus) and the translational level (in the cytoplasm). (elifesciences.org)
  • Li, L. & Clevers, H. Coexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals. (nature.com)
  • The NIST experiments looked at primary human bone marrow stromal cells, adult stem cells that can be isolated from bone marrow and can 'differentiate' into bone, fat or cartilage cells, depending. (materialstoday.com)
  • When the cell cycle proceeds without control, cells can divide without order and accumulate genetic errors that can lead to a cancerous tumor . (medlineplus.gov)
  • But many noted that the accomplishment does not represent the creation of new life because the synthetically modified cell is made up primarily of natural genetic structures. (voanews.com)
  • We further provide genetic evidence demonstrating that Lnk controls HSC quiescence and self-renewal, predominantly through Mpl. (jci.org)
  • Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
  • Quality control will be maintained through two integrated detection devices that will determine the degree of cell confluence and detect the expression of cell type-specific genetic markers. (tecan.com)
  • In Nobel Prize winner Susumu Tonegawa's lab, they found that memories that could not be recalled in mice with Alzheimer's could be retrieved by exposing cells in the brain's memory forming centres to optogenetic stimulation. (theconversation.com)
  • Mouse heart cells grown on graphene beat at a rate controlled by light stimulation (as indicated by a green circle at top left corner). (phys.org)
  • CD22-/- GC B cells showed a clearly increased calcium response upon BCR stimulation, which was almost absent in wild-type GC B cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Historically, NK cells have been considered part of the innate immune system, recognizing and eliminating virus-infected or tumor cells either directly by release of cytotoxic granules or indirectly by cytokine release and facilitation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nih.gov)
  • Although this technique is quick to destroy tumor cells, its adequacy cannot be assessed immediately, as the surgeon cannot visually detect the depth of microscopic tumor invasion and surgical margin. (medscape.com)
  • Notably, stem cells that were eliminated at an early developmental stage had no chance of contributing any cells to adult organs. (phys.org)
  • A major component outside of the cells, which notably is distinctly involved in controlling and guiding many cellular processes, is the polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA). (europa.eu)
  • If a cell has an error in its DNA that cannot be repaired, it may undergo self-destruction ( apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis is a common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells that no longer work or that it doesn't need. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apoptosis protects the body by removing genetically damaged cells that could lead to cancer, and it plays an important role in the development of the embryo and the maintenance of adult tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
  • Rather, an increased rate of apoptosis in CD22-/- GC B cells was responsible for the disadvantage, also leading to a lower GC output in plasma cells and memory B cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Savchenko and colleagues found they could likewise control heart activity in a living organism (zebrafish embryos) using light and dispersed graphene. (phys.org)
  • A far downstream enhancer for murine Bcl11b controls its T-cell specific expression. (ca.gov)
  • Iron absorption in Arabidopsis root epidermal cells requires the IRT1 transporter that also allows the entry of certain non-iron metals, such as Zn, Mn, and Co. Recent work demonstrated that IRT1 endocytosis and degradation are controlled by IRT1 non-iron metal substrates in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
  • Jensen, K. B. & Watt, F. M. Single-cell expression profiling of human epidermal stem and transit-amplifying cells: Lrig1 is a regulator of stem cell quiescence. (nature.com)
  • Disruption of normal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The identification of endogenous cell competition among NPCs provides a fundamental basis for comprehending the developmental origin of neuronal vulnerability as well as improving brain health. (phys.org)
  • NK cells can modulate the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses by interacting with, editing or killing dendritic cells or B and T cells, thereby bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
  • Inactivating this nerve-cell population also induces the same cognitive losses that characterize chronic, drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy in humans, the scientists found. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The results show that the stem cells will differentiate quite efficiently on the nanofiber scaffolds-even without any hormone additives-but not so on the other architectures. (materialstoday.com)
  • Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to differentiate into many cell types. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Scalable control of mounting and attack by Esr1+ neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus. (nature.com)
  • Cells that expressed Channelrhodopsin were made more excitable by exposing them to bursts of light, allowing a "power boost" that helped these neurons maintain active connections, in turn helping to retrieve memory of a past event. (theconversation.com)
  • Their findings showed that this manipulation caused a significant enlargement of brain size and a remarkable rise in the number of neurons, indicating the survival of otherwise unfit stem cells during development. (phys.org)
  • Neural stem cells are generally accepted to produce three different cell types: neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Magenta: the hippocampal stem cells generate newborn neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are defined by their inherent capacity to self-renew and give rise to neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Cdc4 targets primarily cell cycle regulators for proteolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wu and his team systematically investigated the potential regulators, spatial properties, molecular features, mechanism and physiological role of cell competition between NPCs. (phys.org)
  • Using this method, they identified two key regulators, Axin2 and p53, which are involved in driving cell-cell competitive interaction. (phys.org)
  • Previous studies from our laboratory have resulted in a short list of candidate regulators of beta-cell maturation. (ca.gov)
  • Our studies have identified several novel regulators of gene expression, including transcription factors and small non-coding RNAs, which we predict will have critical roles in beta cell maturation. (ca.gov)
  • These novel regulators are highly expressed in insulin-producing islets and have very low expression in non-functional beta-like cells. (ca.gov)
  • This suggests that forcing expression of these regulators could accelerate the formation of functional mature beta cells. (ca.gov)
  • Obj.3 We will characterize a number of these mutants in detail for cell wall properties (e.g., ferulates, sugar composition, lignin content and patterning, degradability, and mechanical properties) and basic genetics (confirm heritability, complementation analysis). (energy.gov)
  • Understanding the molecular cues that regulate how a beta cell develops and matures would be critical in improving current approaches to generate functional beta cells. (ca.gov)
  • Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
  • The SCF (Cdc4) complex has a regulatory function in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • I will present an all-in-one cell cycle reporter that allows simultaneous analysis of cell cycle progression, including the transition into quiescence, and the dynamics of individual fate determinants. (cam.ac.uk)
  • There are the Channelrhodopsins - sensory receptors - from algae , which respond to blue light, exciting cells by letting positive charges into the cell. (theconversation.com)
  • The team lead by Prof. Verdon Taylor was able to demonstrate for the first time a cell-intrinsic mechanism regulating stem cell fate . (neurosciencenews.com)
  • Cell cycle kinetics are crucial to cell fate decisions. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Experimental activation of a small set of nerve cells in the brain prevents convulsive seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of epilepsy among human adults. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These storms typically begin at a single spot in the brain, called the focus, where nerve cells -- for reasons that remain unclear -- begin repeatedly firing in synchrony. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Mossy cells, found exclusively in one section of the hippocampus, are few in number, but each connects with tens of thousands of other hippocampal nerve cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Via these connections, mossy cells can stimulate a multitude of excitatory hippocampal nerve cells, whose output extends to other sections of the hippocampus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Whether the net effect of mossy-cell activity is to promote or counter overall output of the excitatory nerve cells has, until now, been an open question. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Huntington's disease is a relatively rare fatal inherited condition that gradually kills off healthy nerve cells in the brain, leading to loss of language, thinking and reasoning abilities, memory, coordination and movement. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • They note that deterioration in learning and memory with aging is not accompanied by obvious increases in nerve cell death, and so looked for more subtle changes that might be a play. (dericbownds.net)
  • Colony-forming unit assays yielded denser cell colonies in the HA treated samples compared to the controls, yet no difference in the number of colonies was detected, indicating that the number of stem cells remained unchanged. (europa.eu)
  • Looping interactions between promoter-proximal elements including the differentially methylated region and downstream elements in the Major Peak are required to recapitulate the T-cell specific expression of Bcl11b in stable reporter assays. (ca.gov)
  • Using two high-throughput spectroscopy-based screening assays we will screen for mutants with altered cell-wall esterified ferulic acid and for improvement in cell wall degradability. (energy.gov)
  • For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
  • This suggests that a good strategy to design future scaffolds would be to take into account what shape you want to put the cells in,' says Simon, adding, 'That's kind of a tall order though, you'd have to understand a lot of stuff: how cell morphology influences cell behavior, and then how the three-dimensional structure can be used to control it. (materialstoday.com)
  • The mice the Stanford investigators used were bioengineered so that their mossy cells responded to pulses of light, conveyed to those cells via an implanted optical fiber. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Surprisingly, mice in which the gene is mutated show a reduction in the age-associated loss of function of the blood stem cells in late life, even though the gene is no longer active. (idw-online.de)
  • Using this expertise, the scientists were able to identify a new subset of hematopoietic stem cells that exhibit particularly strong activity of Igf2bp2-dependent metabolism and growth in adolescent mice. (idw-online.de)
  • However, when stem cell-derived beta-cell precursors are transplanted into mice, they acquire properties of functional beta-cells, indicating that the precursors have the potential to transition into a mature beta-cell state. (ca.gov)
  • We found that HSCs from Lnk-/- mice have an increased quiescent fraction, decelerated cell cycle kinetics, and enhanced resistance to repeat treatments with cytoablative 5-fluorouracil in vivo compared with WT HSCs. (jci.org)
  • We studied the role of CD22 in the GC with mixed bone marrow chimeric mice and found a disadvantage of CD22-/- GC B cells during the GC reaction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cytiva solutions are designed to detect and quantify HCPs in process-derived samples harvested from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, and overcome many of the limitations of existing assay products. (labmanager.com)
  • This guidance, together with the guidance on allogeneic pancreatic islet cell transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus (IPG257) replaces the previous interventional procedures guidance on pancreatic islet cell transplantation (IPG13). (nice.org.uk)
  • The loss of pancreatic beta-cells in type 1 diabetes results in absence of insulin secreted by the pancreas, and consequently elevated blood sugar which leads to various long-term complications. (ca.gov)
  • Similarly, in multicellular organisms, competitive interactions also occur between cells, creating a cell selection mechanism that eliminates less fit cells within the local tissue environment. (phys.org)
  • Stem cells are essential for regeneration and repair of worn-out or injured tissue. (europa.eu)
  • Tissue engineering seeks to repair or re-grow damaged body tissues, often using some form of stem cells. (materialstoday.com)
  • The experiments at NIST are believed to be the first head-to-head comparison of five popular tissue scaffold designs to examine the effect of architecture alone on bone marrow cells without adding any biochemical supplements other than cell growth medium. (materialstoday.com)
  • The scaffolds, made of a biocompatible polymer, are meant to provide a temporary implant that gives cells a firm structure on which to grow and ultimately rebuild tissue. (materialstoday.com)
  • For example, cell-based nuclear replacement of the intervertebral disc seems a feasible and minimally invasive treatment for discogenic back pain, but the approach will not succeed without highly sensitized, automated tissue culture. (tecan.com)
  • The goal of surgical treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is to destroy or remove the tumor so that no malignant tissue is allowed to proliferate further. (medscape.com)
  • Characteristic staining of MiCK-3 Positive Control Cells with anti-mouse IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, MCP-1 and TNF. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The loss of cognitive function accompanying healthy aging is not associated with extensive or characteristic patterns of cell death, suggesting it is caused by more subtle changes in synaptic properties. (dericbownds.net)
  • This allows the cells to quickly adapt the translational activity in response to environmental changes. (europa.eu)
  • This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) will support basic, translational, and clinical research to improve the understanding of the effector or immunoregulatory potentials of NK cells for HIV prevention, control and/or eradication. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to foster interdisciplinary basic, translational, and clinical research that will define Natural Killer (NK) cell functions and interactions with other components of the innate and adaptive immune system affecting the potency and durability of HIV-1-specific immunity, including vaccine efficacy, reservoir size, reactivation or post-treatment control. (nih.gov)
  • The hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow continuously ensure that the blood system is supplied with new cells throughout life and that in stressful conditions, such as infections, inflammations or bleeding, the production of the required blood cells can then be initiated immediately. (idw-online.de)
  • This special type of stem cell is present in many tissues and restores bone, connective tissues and fat. (europa.eu)
  • In the bone marrow MSC share the niche with haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). (europa.eu)
  • Bone marrow stromal cells were cultured on each, then analyzed to see which were most effective at creating deposits of calcium-a telltale of bone cell activity. (materialstoday.com)
  • Mature bone cells are characteristically long and stringy with several extended branches. (materialstoday.com)
  • Retention of labeled DNA strands may be attributed to the ability of stem cells to retain the parental DNA strand during asymmetric cell division ( Cairns, 1975 ) or to quiescence of the stem cell population such that the DNA label is not diluted by frequent cell divisions ( Klein and Simons, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The fluorochrome-labeled cells are analyzed by flow cytometry, which categorizes individual cells according to size, granularity, fluorochrome, and fluorochrome intensity. (cdc.gov)
  • Such coupling reactions, which occur predominantly in grasses, significantly decrease cell wall degradability and thus work as a barrier against efficient utilization of cell walls as a source of biomass for bioenergy production. (energy.gov)