• Chlamydia pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydia, an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae is a small gram-negative bacterium (0.2 to 1 μm) that undergoes several transformations during its life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae has also been found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was first associated with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma in 1991. (wikipedia.org)
  • They include the genera Chlamydia (of which the type species is Chlamydia trachomatis ) and Chlamydophila (eg, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila psittaci ). (medscape.com)
  • Chlamydia infects columnar epithelial cells, which places the adolescent female at particular risk because of the presence of the squamocolumnar junction on the ectocervix until early adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • After much controversy there is now powerful evidence for the respiratory pathogen Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae being a causal factor in some variants of the neurological illness multiple sclerosis. (weeksmd.com)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. (weeksmd.com)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae and the risk for exacerbation in multiple sclerosis patients. (weeksmd.com)
  • • a statistically significant elevation of C. pneumoniae- specific serum antibody levels when the disease shifts into the progressive form [Munger KL, Peeling RW, Hernán MA, Chasan-Taber L, Olek MJ, Hankinson SE, Hunter D, Ascherio A. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and risk of multiple sclerosis. (weeksmd.com)
  • 2004). Intrathecal production of Chlamydia pneumoniae -specific high-affinity antibodies is significantly associated with a subset of multiple sclerosis patients with progressive forms. (weeksmd.com)
  • A Chlamydia pneumoniae -specific peptide induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. (weeksmd.com)
  • Increased prevalence of and gene transcription by Chlamydia pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. (weeksmd.com)
  • Repeated serology for Chlamydia pneumoniae , Chlamydophila psittaci , and Mycoplasma pneumonia was negative. (njmonline.nl)
  • There are three main species of Chlamydia causing human infection: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumoniae (also known as Chlamydophila pneumoniae), and Chlamydia psittacci. (virtualpsychcentre.com)
  • 8) What is the most sensitive laboratory diagnostic tests for Chlamydia pneumoniae ? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • This analysis detects the presence of all pathogenic Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila psittaci), but without separating them. (athenslab.gr)
  • Two genera of chlamydia are of clinical importance for humans, the genus Chlamydia which includes the species Chlamydia trachomatis , and the genus Chlamydophila which includes the species Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydophila psittaci . (athenslab.gr)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae (formerly known as Chlamydia pneumoniae) causes respiratory infections with a mild course. (athenslab.gr)
  • Chlamydophila psittaci (formerly called Chlamydia psittaci) is the causative agent of psittacosis , a disease characterized by pneumonia, headache, and hepatosplenomegaly. (athenslab.gr)
  • In a previous study, we identified Chlamydia pneumoniae in areas of neuropathology from brains of individuals who had previously been diagnosed with sporadic AD. (serendipstudio.org)
  • In earlier studies, Chlamydia pneumoniae which is an intracellular respiratory pathogen, was identified and isolated from brains of patients that had been diagnosed with sporadic AD [1]. (serendipstudio.org)
  • Material collected during a prospective pertussis vaccine trial in 1992-95 was examined for Bordetella pertussis (culture and serology), Bordetella parapertussis (culture), Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae (PCR). (babydr.us)
  • lt;br />http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052268<br />Chlamydia pneumoniae induces Alzheimer-like amyloid plaques in brains of BALB/c mice. (blogspot.com)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15013562<br />Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with elevated body mass index in young men. (blogspot.com)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16136465<br />Epidemiology of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis. (blogspot.com)
  • C.pneumoniae, M.pneumoniae Multiplex REAL-TIME PCR Detection Kit is intended for detection of Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA by the Real-Time PCR method. (dna-technology.com)
  • Our results suggest a mechanism by which Chlamydia can tailor its growth rate to the conditions within the host cell. (plos.org)
  • It is usually in the form of these species Chlamydia Trachomatis, Chlamydia Pneumoniae, and Chlamydia Psittaci. (crank-it.com)
  • Laboratory testing identified C. pneumoniae as the likely causative pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • In case of contact with organism pathogen binds with phagocytal monocytic-macrophagal cell line. (iimmun.ru)
  • C. burnetii promotes maturation of specific phagolysosome-like compartment in host cell, called coxiella-containing vacuole, within this vacuole pathogen becames metabolically activated and actively replicates. (iimmun.ru)
  • 9) Human is the only reservoir of Chlamydophila pneumoniae , the pathogen that is most prevalent in which age group of people? (medicalbiochemist.com)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a pathogen exclusive to humans and is transmitted by droplets. (athenslab.gr)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae , an intracelllular pathogen which infects some white blood cells, skin cells and those lining blood vessels, as well as the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. (truemedicine.com.au)
  • The most common bacterial pathogen overall is S pneumoniae , although, in some settings, including in the United States, its incidence is decreasing, possibly owing to vaccination. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, it is thought that the success of C . trachomatis as a human pathogen may lie in its ability to survive these immunological stress situations by slowing growth and development until conditions in the cell have improved. (plos.org)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae is the most common Chlamydophila species that causes human infection ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The first known case of infection with C. pneumoniae was a case of conjunctivitis in Taiwan in 1950. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the lifecycle of C. pneumoniae is divided between the elementary body, which is able to infect new hosts but cannot replicate, and the reticulate body, which replicates but is not able to cause a new infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • One meta-analysis of serological data comparing prior C. pneumoniae infection in patients with and without lung cancer found results suggesting prior infection was associated with an increased risk of developing lung cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • In research into the association between C. pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, serological testing, direct pathologic analysis of plaques, and in vitro testing suggest infection with C. pneumoniae is a significant risk factor for development of atherosclerotic plaques and atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. pneumoniae infection increases adherence of macrophages to endothelial cells in vitro and aortas ex vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. pneumoniae infection triggers acute wheezing, if it becomes chronic then it is diagnosed as asthma. (wikipedia.org)
  • These observations suggest that acute C. pneumoniae infection is capable of causing protean manifestations of chronic respiratory illness which lead to asthma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The immune response against Brucella infection involves many molecules and cells to trigger a Th1 immune response and activation of CD8+ T cells [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • C pneumoniae infection is spread via respiratory droplets and causes pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. (medscape.com)
  • The initial response of epithelial cells to infection is a neutrophilic infiltration, followed by lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and eosinophilic invasion. (medscape.com)
  • Infection with chlamydial organisms invokes a humoral cell response, resulting in secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and circulatory immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and a cellular immune response. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection as a cause of noneosinophilic asthma is controversial. (ersjournals.com)
  • This study examined the prevalence of inflammatory phenotypes and the presence of current C. pneumoniae infection in adults and children with stable and acute asthma. (ersjournals.com)
  • The aetiology of neutrophilic asthma is unknown and is not explained by the presence of current active C. pneumoniae infection. (ersjournals.com)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a potential cause of NEA, since it causes both an acute infection and a chronic persistent infectious state with reactivation [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • NA occurs typically in older adults and there is evidence that C. pneumoniae infection might precede the onset of adult asthma, as well as persisting in stable chronic asthmatics [ 8 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • The potential mechanisms include chronic persistence of C. pneumoniae in NEA, or acute infection with clearance of the organism but persistent immune reprogramming that leads to the immunopathology of NEA [ 4 , 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Survivance of infected cells is important for chronic infection with C. burnetii. (iimmun.ru)
  • During infection C. burnetii translocates effector substrates from bacterial cytosole to euca ryotic host cell cytosole using type IV secretion system, where effectors modulate host cell proteins. (iimmun.ru)
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a commonly occurring infection in the general population and is often found in the joints of arthritis patients. (truemedicine.com.au)
  • Infection results in necrosis and lysis of epithelial cells and subsequent release of inflammatory mediators. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The anti-apoptotic pathway stimulated by C. pneumoniae infection presumably involves blockade of the mitochondrial/cytochrome c apoptotic pathway as mitochondria appear to undergo stress and damage in both C. pneumoniae infections and Alzheimerís disease. (serendipstudio.org)
  • Therefore, in these in vitro studies we will address infection of neurons with C. pneumoniae, and the extent to which the viability of the neurons is enhanced or compromised during prolonged infections as a function of apoptotic inhibition. (serendipstudio.org)
  • Initial infection with M. pneumoniae typically causes pharyngitis (sore throat), cough, fever, headache, malaise, runny nose - all the common symptoms of a basic upper respiratory infection. (rawlsmd.com)
  • After internalization of bacteria maturation of phagolysosome-like compartment and large coxiella-containing vacuole formation occure, and vacuole can occupy nearly the whole cytoplasm of the host cell. (iimmun.ru)
  • It has a cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane similar to Gram-negative bacteria (thus, it being classified as Gram-negative) but, it lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall. (virtualpsychcentre.com)
  • By comparison, only 10-15 average-sized bacteria would fit in the same cell. (rawlsmd.com)
  • The lack of a cell wall makes mycoplasma resistant to some commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics like penicillins, which normally work by interrupting a bacteria's cell wall so that when the bacteria divides, it falls apart. (rawlsmd.com)
  • Mycoplasmas Mycoplasmas are ubiquitous bacteria that differ from other prokaryotes in that they lack a cell wall. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae often affects people younger than age 40. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pneumonia due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae bacteria occurs year round. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pneumonia due to mycoplasma and chlamydophila bacteria is usually mild. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Once inside a human host, C. pneumonia is taken up by cells in an endosome pouch to destroy the bacteria through phagocytosis. (goodbyelyme.com)
  • • an association of new C. pneumoniae respiratory infections with episodes of clinical relapse [Buljevac D, Verkooyen RP, Jacobs BC, Hop W, van der Zwaan LA, van Doorn PA, Hintzen RQ. (weeksmd.com)
  • Today the main differential diagnosis in acute cases in that of induction by infections, mainly Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). (truemedicine.com.au)
  • A paper published in 1969 linked M. pneumoniae with Landry-Guillain-Barré and described the syndrome as being common within one month of respiratory tract infections. (truemedicine.com.au)
  • Wilden JJ, van Krüchten A, Gieselmann L, Hrincius ER, Deinhardt-Emmer S, Haupt KF, Preugschas HF, Niemann S, Ludwig S, and Ehrhardt C. (2020) The influenza replication blocking inhibitor LASAG does not sensitize human epithelial cells for bacterial infections. (uni-muenster.de)
  • HYPOTHESIS: Our hypothesis is that neuronal cells infected with C. pneumoniae can sustain persistent infections rendering the neuronal cells resistant to apoptosis. (serendipstudio.org)
  • Spasmodic cough for 21 d or more (clinical WHO criteria for pertussis) was present in 82% (41/50) of infections with B. pertussis as single agent, 38% (17/45) with B. parapertussis, 38% (5/13) with C. pneumoniae, 26% (5/19) with M. pneumoniae and 30%(17/56) in cases where no aetiology was found. (babydr.us)
  • Mitochondria, which are the energy powerhouses of cells, are prime targets to sustain the microorganism, which helps explain why fatigue is always a factor in mycoplasma infections. (rawlsmd.com)
  • Clinical, radiological and laboratory data regarding M.pneumoniae-caused infections are inadequate in order to make an accurate diagnosis based on them. (dna-technology.com)
  • Several studies have assessed the utility of non-specific inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant released in response to cytokine interleukin-6, white cell count (WCC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) to discriminate probable bacterial infections from non-bacterial infections and also to assess the severity of illness [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • C. pneumoniae infects lung tissue and elicits an innate immune response that is mediated via TLR2 [ 5 ] and results in neutrophilic inflammation [ 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • That's because after mycoplasma enters the body, it also infects white blood cells. (rawlsmd.com)
  • According to the statistics, C. pneumoniae is the causative agent of about 5-15 % of the community-acquired pneumonia cases. (dna-technology.com)
  • C. trachomatis is an obligate, aerobic, intracellular parasite of eukaryotic cells. (virtualpsychcentre.com)
  • C . trachomatis only replicates from inside a host cell, and has evolved to acquire a variety of nutrients directly from its host. (plos.org)
  • In recent years, C. pneumoniae has also been identified in outbreaks of pneumonia among younger age groups in a variety of close-quarters living environments, including military installations, prisons, universities, and single-family households ( 2 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae is responsible for about 10% of pneumonia cases. (athenslab.gr)
  • The term "typical" CAP refers to a bacterial pneumonia caused by pathogens such as S pneumoniae , H influenzae , and M catarrhalis . (medscape.com)
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia, particularly community-acquired. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most people with pneumonia due to mycoplasma or chlamydophila get better with the right antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • • the presence of C. pneumoniae gene sequences in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients who have the disease, and culture of the organism when sensitive cultural methods are used [Sriram S, Stratton CW, Yao S, Tharp A, Ding L, Bannan JD, Mitchell WM. (weeksmd.com)
  • • evidence of active C. pneumoniae protein synthesis in the central nervous system, with production of a bacterial protein evoking an antibody shown to cause death of oligodendrocyte precursor cells [Cid C, Alvarez-Cermeno JC, Camafeita E, Salinas M, Alcazar A. Antibodies reactive to heat shock protein 90 induce oligodendrocyte precursor cell death in culture. (weeksmd.com)
  • Chlamydiae are small gram-negative obligate intracellular microorganisms that preferentially infect squamocolumnar epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Members of the Chlamydiaceae family are small, non-motile, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular organisms that grow in the host cell cytoplasm. (athenslab.gr)
  • C. pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular parasite. (dna-technology.com)
  • Intracellular fluid , which is the fluid found in all of your cells. (drbenkim.com)
  • A 40-kd major outer membrane protein (MOMP) and 10- and 60-kd chlamydial heat-shock proteins (cHSPs) have been implicated in the immunopathologic response, but further studies are needed to provide a better understanding of these cell-mediated immune responses. (medscape.com)
  • The release of cytokines and interferons by the infected epithelial cell initializes this inflammatory cascade. (medscape.com)
  • • a peptide specific to C. pneumoniae causes inflammatory CNS disease (with some parallels to MS) in rats [Lenz DC, Lu L, Conant SB, Wolf NA, Gerard HC, Whittum-Hudson JA, Hudson AP, Swanborg RH. (weeksmd.com)
  • Sputum was assessed for inflammatory cells, and DNA was extracted from sputum cell suspensions and supernatants for C. pneumoniae detection using real-time PCR. (ersjournals.com)
  • We have previously categorised stable adult asthma into four inflammatory phenotypes based on induced sputum inflammatory cell counts [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • C. pneumoniae detection may be higher in children or in acute exacerbations of asthma, where there is also heterogeneity of the inflammatory response. (ersjournals.com)
  • Thus, C. pneumoniae may play a potential role in modulating the different inflammatory phenotypes of asthma, and NA in particular. (ersjournals.com)
  • CSF oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis represent antibodies against Chlamydophila. (weeksmd.com)
  • This is a rare type of haemolytic anaemia where auto-antibodies destroy healthy red blood cells. (truemedicine.com.au)
  • Multiple sclerosis: an infectious syndrome involving Chlamydophila pneumoniae . (weeksmd.com)
  • Elementary bodies are spore-like and infectious, whereas reticulate bodies are in the replicative stage and are seen only within host cells. (virtualpsychcentre.com)
  • The infectious forms, or elementary bodies , adhere to the cell membrane and enter the cell through a phagosome. (athenslab.gr)
  • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018131<br />Multiple sclerosis: an infectious syndrome involving Chlamydophila pneumoniae. (blogspot.com)
  • Once in the lungs, the EB is taken up by cells in a pouch called an endosome by a process called phagocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. burnetii elongate the viability of host cell by two ways: it actively inhibits apoptotic signal cascades and induce pro-survival factors. (iimmun.ru)
  • To determine if C. pneumoniae exerts an affect in the cytochrome c apoptotic cascade in neuronal cells. (serendipstudio.org)
  • SPECIFIC AIM: To determine if C. pneumoniae exerts an affect in the cytochrome c apoptotic cascade in neuronal cells. (serendipstudio.org)
  • We will experimentally induce apoptosis in neuronal cells infected with C. pneumoniae and screen for apoptotic markers such as annexinV, caspases, and cytochrome c by immunocytochemistry and western analysis. (serendipstudio.org)
  • How C. pneumoniae inhibits the apoptotic process has yet to be fully elucidated, though blockade of mitochondrial cytochrome c release has been postulated to be one mechanism by which C. pneumoniae exerts its anti-apoptotic activity. (serendipstudio.org)
  • In order to deliver a precise and individual diagnosis in the laboratory, Thomas Nebe, M.D., and colleagues at the HaeMa hematopathology laboratory in Mannheim require a correct and comprehensive cytological report, which exams a patient's single cell type. (jenoptik.com)
  • The HaeMa laboratory in Mannheim covers a broad range of hematological diagnostics for detecting diseases and disorders affecting the blood cells - from reactive changes to leukemias. (jenoptik.com)
  • The most common single agent was B. pertussis, representing 56%(64/115), with a median cough period of 51 d, followed by M. pneumoniae 26%(30/115), 23 d, C. pneumoniae 17% (19/115), 26 d, and B. parapertussis 2% (2/115). (babydr.us)
  • These organisms have many features in common with microbes and are susceptible to antibiotic treatment and also resemble viruses, requiring living cells to proliferate. (athenslab.gr)
  • In research studies, this herb increases white blood cells especially those called neutrophils. (goodbyelyme.com)
  • C. pneumoniae can infect elderly, disabled, and healthy adults. (goodbyelyme.com)
  • Subsequent studies of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pediatric patients with asthma and also other severe chronic respiratory illnesses have demonstrated that over 50 percent had evidence of C. pneumoniae by direct organism identification. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6 Recently M. pneumoniae has been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). (truemedicine.com.au)
  • We measured serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT) and calprotectin levels, and plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and presepsin levels, along with whole-blood white cell counts, at three time-points, and examined their association with microbial aetiology and adverse clinical outcomes in CAP. (ersjournals.com)
  • C-reactive protein (CRP), white cell counts (WCC) and absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) were measured as part of routine care. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since the initial study, we have developed an animal model using young non-transgenic BALB/c mice that have been intranasally inoculated with C. pneumoniae and found that these mice develop immunoreactive beta-1-42 plaques resembling those found in AD. (serendipstudio.org)
  • They also commonly infect white blood cells, red blood cells, and brain tissue. (rawlsmd.com)
  • The reticulate bodies then convert back to elementary bodies and are released back into the lung, often after causing the death of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common mycoplasma, Mycoplasma pneumoniae , has a preference for lung tissue . (rawlsmd.com)
  • And once inside a white blood cell, it can be carried to all parts of the body, infecting tissues and organs. (rawlsmd.com)
  • Your blood (plasma) needs to maintain a pH of 7.35 to 7.45 for your cells to function properly. (drbenkim.com)
  • In univariate and multivariate regression models, white blood cells and calprotectin at 6-week follow-up were predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality. (ersjournals.com)
  • Blood test to check white blood cell count and to try to know the germ which may be in your blood as well. (org.in)
  • However, most current research and data are insufficient and do not define how often C. pneumoniae is found in atherosclerotic or normal vascular tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Trevino V, Tadesse MG, Vannucci M, Al-Shahrour F, Antczak P, Durant S, Bikfalvi A, Dopazo J, Campbell MJ, Falciani F. (2011) Analysis of normal-tumour tissue interaction in tumours: prediction of prostate cancer features from the molecular profile of adjacent normal cells. (u-bordeaux.fr)