• Methods used to study the cytotoxic effects include cytotoxicity assay, double staining cell morphological analysis, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis test and cell proliferation assay. (upm.edu.my)
  • RNA was extracted from colon for DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle, antiinflammation, proto-oncogene, colorectal cancer biomarker and tumor suppressor gene expressions study. (upm.edu.my)
  • Vanillin also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (upm.edu.my)
  • However, the expressions of a few xenobiotic metabolism, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis genes were up-regulated by 5 % ethanol injection. (upm.edu.my)
  • The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
  • In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Transcriptomics analyses showed pathways related to TCR signaling, cytotoxicity and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched in Tet lo found in both regressing and progressing tumors compared with Tet hi , whereas genes related to DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy were downregulated. (bmj.com)
  • Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Sirtuins are NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases regulating important metabolic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and are involved in many biological processes such as cell survival, senescence, proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, cell metabolism, and caloric restriction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beginning after completion of hair morphogenesis (postnatal day 14 in the mouse), hair growth cycles commence with catagen, an involution process of the hair follicle during which the majority of its epithelial compartments undergo apoptosis [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
  • Because the effect of haploinsufficiency for one protein is relatively small, we hypothesize that predisposition to cancer could be a result of the additive effect of heterozygosity for two or more genes, critical for pathways that control DNA damage signaling, repair or apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The encoded protein plays a role in many cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis by regulating the activity of protein phosphatase 1. (nih.gov)
  • Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
  • To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
  • Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. (oncotarget.com)
  • Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Studies have reported that increasing PGC1α levels increases mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby increasing cell proliferation and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Conditioned medium obtained from PA-treated hepatocytes significantly increased BC cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, recombinant PGC1α in E0771 and MCF7 cells promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
  • We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation is a very important physiological effect for low power laser irradiation (LPLI) used in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A novel coumarin-quinone derivative SV37 inhibits CDC25 phosphatases, impairs proliferation, and induces cell death. (capcess.com)
  • These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. (springer.com)
  • Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This allowed us to distinguish between pathways whose dysregulation is probably necessary throughout tumorigenesis and those whose involvement specifically drives progression from one stage to the next. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the last several years, heterozygosity leading to haploinsufficiency for proteins involved in DNA repair pathways was shown to play a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis after DNA damage is induced. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The cell cycle is connected with signal transduction pathways as well as gene expression. (your-doctor.net)
  • Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
  • The BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer coordinates a diverse range of cellular pathways such as DNA damage repair, ubiquitination and transcriptional regulation to maintain genomic stability. (helixlabs.ai)
  • The objective of this work is to identify dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC temporally according to systematic tracking of the dysregulated modules of reweighted Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. (hindawi.com)
  • Finally, gene compositions of altered modules were analyzed, and pathways enrichment analyses of genes in altered modules were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored (EASE) test. (hindawi.com)
  • We successfully identified dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC in different stages, and these might be potential biological markers and processes for treatment and etiology mechanism in ccRCC. (hindawi.com)
  • Delineating the pathogenesis of ccRCC by investigating the gene and epigenetic changes and their effects on key molecules and their respective biologic pathways is of crucial importance for the improvement of current diagnostics, prognostics, and drug development [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, a PPI network can be modeled as an undirected graph, where vertices represent proteins and edges represent interactions between proteins, to prioritize disease associated genes or pathways and to understand the modus operandi of disease mechanisms [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These alterations can change gene function or regulation of gene expression and possibly contribute to progression to cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results provide a new insight into the mechanism of PIG3's functioning in DNA damage signaling and the regulation network of cellular DNA-PKcs expression homeostasis. (ijbs.com)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)
  • In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)
  • In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
  • Involved in transcriptional regulation of P21 in response to DNA damage. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • In order to systematically discover transcriptional activity associated with the hair growth cycle, we profiled mRNA expression at a genome-wide level over multiple time points corresponding to morphogenesis and two synchronized hair growth cycles. (aging-us.com)
  • Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Genome is a collective term for all genes present in one organism. (your-doctor.net)
  • The human genome has an estimated 25,000 to 30,000 genes, and overall, it is 99.9% identical in all people. (your-doctor.net)
  • The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Discussion Our study reveals essential roles for Cdk2 T14/Y15 phosphorylation in maintaining genome integrity and in preventing DNA damage when S phase is stalled. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major conclusion from these data is that, contrary to one of the current views on tumorigenesis, inactivation of one allele of a tumor suppressor gene is enough to contribute to tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • J-H Lee et al extensively investigated the participation of PIG3 in DNA damage checkpoints after UV irradiation or after treatment using the radiomimetic drug neocarzinostatin (NCS) ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Here we used a model of reconstituted human skin and investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of focus formation of DNA damage checkpoint factors after X irradiation. (bioone.org)
  • In basal cells, the foci showed linear dose relationships, and the number of foci decreased with increasing time after irradiation. (bioone.org)
  • Required for appropriate cell cycle arrests after ionizing irradiation in both the S-phase and the G2 phase of the cell cycle. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • PIG3 knockdown led to an abnormal DNA damage response, including decreased IR-induced phosphorylation of H2AX, Chk1, Chk2 and Kap-1 as well as a prolonged G2-M arrest and aberrant mitotic progression. (ijbs.com)
  • Phosphatase 1 Nuclear Targeting Subunit (PNUTS) Regulates Aurora Kinases and Mitotic Progression. (nih.gov)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)
  • This gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex class I region on chromosome 6, and alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a member of the RecA/Rad51-related protein family that participates in homologous recombination to maintain chromosome stability and repair DNA damage. (cancerindex.org)
  • Hypoxia is considered a critical contributor to renal cell carcinoma progression, including invasion and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increased calcium influx into the pancreatic beta cells induces insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. (medindex.am)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (caslab.com)
  • Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
  • Further analysis with GenomeLab GeXP genetic system on brain tissues showed that the expression of most xenobiotic metabolism, cell progression, tumour suppressor, DNA damage and inflammation genes was maintained at normal level. (upm.edu.my)
  • The colon gene expression analysis showed that vanillin could enhance recombinational repair and mismatch repair, arrest cell at cell cycle checkpoints, increase the expression of tumour suppressor gene, colorectal cancer biomarker and proto-oncogene. (upm.edu.my)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. (nih.gov)
  • High avidity T cells (Tet hi ), if present, were only found in progressing PD-1 refractory tumors. (bmj.com)
  • Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • Although carcinogenic roles for the INK4B, INK4C, INK4D, CIP1, KIP1, and KIP2 genes appear to be limited, INK4A is among the most commonly mutated genes in human tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of all renal tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for: 1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, 2) efficient abscission, and 3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. (elifesciences.org)
  • Loss of function of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA damage processing genes has been implicated in the development of many types of cancer, but for the vast majority of cases, there is no link to specific germ line mutations. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, studies suggest that ccRCC is closely associated with tumor suppressor von-Hippel Lindau ( VHL ) gene mutations that lead to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 α and HIF-2 α , also known as HIF1A and EPAS1) in both sporadic and familial forms [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The three main checkpoints are at G1/s, G2/m, and at the spindle assembly checkpoint regulating progression through anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
  • 10 Genes that, when activated, contribute to the carcinogenesis are generally termed proto-oncogenes. (bmj.com)
  • The mutated forms of these genes are referred to as oncogenes. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, these alterations affect 3 principal categories of genes, as follows: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • This article briefly discusses tumor suppressor genes and then focuses on the role of proto-oncogenes in childhood cancer. (medscape.com)
  • For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
  • These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)
  • Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. (medindex.am)
  • LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Component of the BRCA1-RBBP8 complex which regulates CHEK1 activation and controls cell cycle G2/M checkpoints on DNA damage via BRCA1-mediated ubiquitination of RBBP8. (helixlabs.ai)
  • The major event of MBT was the activation of a large group of histones and other genes that modify chromatin structure preceding massive gene expression changes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During interphase, ATM and Chk1-mediated checkpoint activation can delay apex fov changer cycle progression. (capcess.com)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
  • However, some immune cells are immunosuppressive or transform into immunosuppressive phenotypes under specific conditions, leading to the development of radioresistance. (nature.com)
  • Tet lo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tet hi , whereas Tet hi cells were terminally exhausted. (bmj.com)
  • This protein acts to integrate signals from ATM and ATR, two cell cycle proteins involved in DNA damage responses, that also associate with chromatin in meiotic prophase I. Phosphorylation of CDC25A protein phosphatase by this protein is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks. (caslab.com)
  • The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is considered to be the most severe type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, and this form of DNA damage must be repaired immediately to prevent cell death. (ijbs.com)
  • consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)
  • The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This gene is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and it functionally complements Chinese hamster irs1, a repair-deficient mutant that exhibits hypersensitivity to a number of different DNA-damaging agents. (cancerindex.org)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
  • Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
  • Evaluating steady-state damages in specific tissues of the rat, Nakamura and Swenberg indicated that the number of abasic sites varied from about 50,000 per cell in liver, kidney and lung to about 200,000 per cell in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • During colonoscopy, benign lesions of all sizes are routinely removed to prevent their progression toward cancer, and this provides a valuable source of tissues for molecular studies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although amplification of the DNA damage signal through multifactorial protein complex formation of DNA damage checkpoint factors is crucial for proper DNA damage response in two-dimensionally cultured cells, the dynamics of the DNA damage response in three-dimensional tissues or organs remained to be determined. (bioone.org)
  • The light must be absorbed by the endogenous chromophores of cells or tissues for actions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14 ] combined PPI and gene expression data to construct tissue-specific PPI networks for 60 tissues and used them to prioritize disease genes. (hindawi.com)
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex signal transduction pathway which recognizes when DNA is damaged and initiates the cellular response to the damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
  • DNA damage increases TP53 levels through an ATM-dependent pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Our findings revealed that different genetic backgrounds of HCT116 and HT29 cell lines resulted in divergent responses to the combination treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that specifically mediates the formation of 'Lys-6'-linked polyubiquitin chains and plays a central role in DNA repair by facilitating cellular responses to DNA damage. (helixlabs.ai)
  • In conclusion, vanillin could induce cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. (upm.edu.my)
  • Here a DSB at the MAT locus is created by a site specific HO endonuclease, which we can induce synchronously in a large population of cells. (brandeis.edu)
  • Hypoxia was found to induce A498 cell invasion, migration, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, while repressing human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. (caslab.com)
  • This gene encodes a protein phosphatase 1 binding protein. (nih.gov)
  • The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery mediates the membrane fission step that completes cytokinetic abscission and separates dividing cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • The commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to preadipocytes and the termination of differentiation to adipocytes are critical for maintaining systemic energy homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, we investigated the role of Sox6 in regulating the differentiation of adipocytes by monitoring the effects of its overexpression in C3H10T1/2 cells (in vitro) and C57BL/6J mouse (in vivo) models of adipogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • measured average amounts of selected steady state endogenous DNA damages in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • PIG3 is highly homologous to NADPH oxidoreductase TED2 in plants and zeta-Crystalline in mammalian cells, and is considered as a proapoptosis marker. (ijbs.com)
  • RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
  • Findings from the in vitro study showed that vanillin was cytotoxic towards HT-29 and 3T3 cells with the IC50 value of 400 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml respectively. (upm.edu.my)
  • SAMHD1 is acetylated at residue lysine 405 (K405) in vitro and in vivo by an acetylatransferase, arrest defective protein 1 (ARD1). (oncotarget.com)
  • The human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 under hypoxia/normoxia was used as an experimental model in vitro and the biological characteristics and mitochondrial function of the cells were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that DNA damage-induced foci were differentially formed in different layers. (bioone.org)
  • The ATM-dependent DNA damage checkpoint plays a pivotal role in cellular response to ionizing radiation. (bioone.org)
  • To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It is required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage or the presence of unreplicated DNA. (caslab.com)
  • The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) recently has been reported to be a new player in DNA damage signaling and response, but the crucial mechanism remains unclear. (ijbs.com)
  • In the present study, the potential mechanism of PIG3 participation in the DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated in multiple cell lines with depleted expression of PIG3 transiently or stably by the small interference RNA and lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression strategies. (ijbs.com)
  • However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
  • Recently, PIG3 has been shown to participate in the DNA damage response as well ( 6 - 8 ). (ijbs.com)
  • This was the first evidence suggesting the involvement of PIG3 in the IR-induced DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • These filaments also bind and recruit cofactors whose activities help execute abscission and/or delay abscission timing in response to mitotic errors via the NoCut/Abscission checkpoint. (elifesciences.org)
  • REV-ERBα regulates transcription of Bmal1 and other target genes by binding to retinoic acid-related orphan receptor response elements (ROREs) [ 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • We were also able to pinpoint specific changes within each gene set that seem to play key roles at each transition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer activates other genes as well, including Dbp, Tef, Hlf, and Rev-Erbα, which codes for an orphan nuclear receptor. (aging-us.com)
  • At the same time, skin and hair follicles harbor a functional circadian clock that regulates gene expression with a periodicity of approximately twenty four hours. (aging-us.com)
  • At its core are the bHLH-PAS transcriptional activators CLOCK and BMAL1 (ARNTL), which form a heterodimer and activate target genes containing E-boxes in their enhancer regions, including Periods (Per1, 2 and 3) and Cryptochromes (Cry1 and 2). (aging-us.com)
  • Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. (medindex.am)
  • M transition in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
  • Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) is the key event during embryogenesis marked by the switch of control from the maternal and possibly paternal transcripts to the newly synthesized embryonic gene products [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
  • J-H Lee et al also have provided the first evidence showing that PIG3 is closely associated with the induction and maintenance of the phosphorylation of H2AX and some other DDR proteins after DNA damage induced by NCS ( 8 ). (ijbs.com)
  • Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. (bmj.com)
  • Metabolism releases compounds that damage DNA including reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, reactive carbonyl species, lipid peroxidation products, and alkylating agents, among others, while hydrolysis cleaves chemical bonds in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by acetylation, which promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
  • The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Although the S and M phases rarely are subjected to changes imposed by extracellular signals, the G1 and G2 phases are the primary periods when cells decide whether or not to move on to the next phase. (your-doctor.net)
  • Overexpression of the solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene could abolish hypoxia-induced invasion, reduce the migration of A498 cells, inhibit the hypoxia-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, and arrest the cell cycle at the G1/S checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The three germ layers and the body plan of the mature organism are established during gastrulation, and the period is characterized by extensive cell movements and intracellular communications [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While most DNA damages can undergo DNA repair, such repair is not 100% efficient. (wikipedia.org)
  • This points out that some DNA damages produced at a low rate may be difficult to repair and remain in DNA at a high steady-state level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Steady-state levels of DNA damages represent the balance between formation and repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reactivated after successful DNA repair through WIP1-dependent signaling leading to CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation and restoring cell cycle progression. (arigobio.cn)
  • We have focused a lot of attention on yeast mating-type gene switching ( MAT switching) as an example of DSB repair that we can study in great detail. (brandeis.edu)
  • MAT switching is an example of a repair process called gene conversion. (brandeis.edu)
  • Finally, codepletion of Rad51, an important homologous recombination repair protein, abrogates the DNA damage after SET8 depletion. (rupress.org)
  • Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
  • Two SNPs in X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 2 gene (XRCC2) rs2040639 and interferon gamma (IFNG) rs2069705 genes were found to be associated with ARSR. (cancerindex.org)
  • Damage to DNA that occurs naturally can result from metabolic or hydrolytic processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)