Cells and nuclei clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition, our experiments show that heat-treating donor nuclei destabilizes higher-order features of chromatin (but leaves intact its nucleosomal organization) and results in a high proportion of reconstructed embryos developing to the blastocyst stage and beyond. (cnrs.fr)
In humans, a major roadblock in achieving successful SCNT leading to embryonic stem cells has been the fact that human SCNT embryos fail to progress beyond the eight-cell stage. (news-medical.net)
They derived several human embryonic stem cell lines from these cloned embryos whose DNA was an exact match to the adult cell that donated the DNA. (news-medical.net)
Human cloning involves creating embryos with the intent of implanting them in women to produce children. (boloji.com)
The bill also applies Federal ethical regulations on human subject research and outlaws the transfer of cloned embryos to a woman's uterus or to any artificial womb. (boloji.com)
At the same time, the statement calls for a five-year moratorium on the use of cloning to create human embryos for research purposes. (boloji.com)
While supporting research that would help to determine whether stem cells have therapeutic effects, they point out that those adult stem cells, umbilical cord stem cells, and embryonic stem cells not derived from embryos created for research can be used. (boloji.com)
Researchers reported in Nature on November 22, 2007, that they successfully isolated 2 embryonic stem cell lines from cloned embryos made using cells from the skin of an adult rhesus macaque. (nih.gov)
In the past five years, the team has also been able to improve the success rate of the development of cloned embryos from 21 per cent to 27.5 per cent, Liu said, as opposed to a 10 per cent success rate for manual operations. (scmp.com)
In the case of the Pyrenean ibex, for example, the Spanish scientists created 439 eggs containing the extinct species' nuclei, but only 57 developed into embryos. (nationalgeographic.com)
Photographs of (a) the procedure of somatic cell transfer (shown with the arrow) into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte, (b) cloned bovine embryos used for transplantation to recipient animals, and (c) cloned calf (obtained in Russia for the first time). (isaaa.org)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)
Most human embryos reproduced by most human cloning techniques would actually be genetically unique -- i.e., having never existed before. (lifeissues.net)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)
This is currently the most popular method for the generation of targeted knock-out and knock-in models by ES-cell injections into 8-cell morulae and/or blastocysts of mouse embryos. (lu.se)

The use of embryonic stem cells, which can be produced through SCNT, in some stem cell research has attracted controversy. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting embryo was then used to create embryonic stem cells, capable of generating every cell type in the body, and the nuclei of these cells were injected into other eggs to produce clones. (newscientist.com)
skin cells of the mouse into cells strikingly similar to embryonic stem cells, capable of development into a mouse. (brandeis.edu)
Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
SCNT is a method of cloning mammalian cells that can be used to create personalized embryonic stem cells from an adult animal or human. (news-medical.net)
Embryonic stem cells are immortal, and have the potential to develop into any type of adult cell, even after months growing in culture dishes. (news-medical.net)
By transferring adult cell DNA into an embryonic stem cell, it is possible to create a line of immortal embryonic cells that are able to develop into any type of adult cell, genetically identical to the donor. (news-medical.net)
The cloning method is based on the fact that cytoplasmic factors in mature, metaphase II oocytes are able to reset the identity of a transplanted adult cell nucleus to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)
This was the first successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into embryonic stem cells using a cloning technique, SCNT. (news-medical.net)
Dermal fibroblasts were taken from a 35-year old male and a 75-year-old male and used to create embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The adult cell nuclei were transferred into metaphase-II stage human oocytes, producing a karyotypically normal diploid embryonic stem cell line from each of the adult male donor cells. (news-medical.net)
Although attempts have not yet been made to create a therapeutic transplant from embryonic stem cells, the methods have been developed to allow the creation of functional, mature cells using human cell cloning technology. (news-medical.net)
Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
The resulting cell then divides for about a week until it is a small clump of embryonic cells, from which stem cells are removed. (sentientdevelopments.com)
The key is that the DNA, the genetic material in those embryonic stem cells, comes from the patient, whose immune system won't reject the stem cells. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Two separate research teams have figured out how to "reprogram" cells with just a handful of genes to give them the characteristics of embryonic stem cells. (nih.gov)
Since embryonic stem cells have the ability to form virtually any cell type in the body, those taken from a cloned embryo could potentially be used to treat many diseases. (nih.gov)
The team that isolated the embryonic stem cell lines was led by Dr. Shoukhrat Mitalipov at Oregon Health and Science University in Portland. (nih.gov)
The stem cells, the researchers showed, could turn into heart or nerve cells in the laboratory, and had other characteristics of established embryonic stem cell lines. (nih.gov)
The team led by Galina Singina at the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry managed to clone the calf using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), with embryonic fibroblasts as donors of nuclei. (isaaa.org)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
Cloned nuclei are plucked from a comfortable, differentiated cell and thrust into an egg primed for embryonic development. (rupress.org)
For a frog nucleus, part of that switch is a conversion into embryonic DNA replication mode, say Jean-Marc Lemaitre, Marcel Méchali, and colleagues (CNRS, Montpellier, France). (rupress.org)
The absence of this switch may partially explain the woeful, 2-3% success rate of nuclear transfer cloning.Most researchers trying to improve cloning efficiency have concentrated on epigenetics-how to change modified chromatin proteins from a differentiated to an embryonic activity pattern. (rupress.org)
Many of these accurate definitions can also be used in bills and treaties concerning related issues, e.g., human embryonic stem cell research, human genetic engineering, abortion, the use of abortifacients, conscience clauses, IVF and other artificial reproductive technology research and regulation, etc. (lifeissues.net)
These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)

If that bird then reproduces, its offspring will be related to the donor cells (and will include any DNA changes). (technologyreview.com)
Scientists have cloned organisms before, generally by injecting the nucleus of a donor cell into an egg whose own DNA has been removed. (livescience.com)
Those were spindle removal, donor cell fusion, and cytoplast activation. (news-medical.net)
The mitochondrial DNA of the stem cells, however, matched the donor egg's mitochondrial DNA. (news-medical.net)
The resulting cells were pluripotent and could be differentiated into insulin-producing beta cells to restore the function of the pancreas in the donor. (news-medical.net)
CC (Carbon Copy), the first cat produced from a clone, was created from an ovarian cell taken from her genetic donor, Rainbow, a calico cat. (quizlet.com)
In therapeutic cloning, scientists take a human egg from a healthy donor, and remove its nucleus. (sentientdevelopments.com)
Before this new study was published, Nature asked another group of researchers to confirm that the stem cells were genetically identical to the donor skin cells. (nih.gov)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)
Then the male and female pronuclei are removed from the first zygote and transplanted into the donor zygote after its nucleus has been removed. (msdmanuals.com)
When the oocyte is in the metaphase II stage of cell division, the spindle-chromosome complex is removed and inserted into a healthy donor oocyte from which the nucleus has already been removed. (msdmanuals.com)

The artificial cloning of organisms, sometimes known as reproductive cloning, is often accomplished via somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a cloning method in which a viable embryo is created from a somatic cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
In that procedure, the nucleus from a cell derived from an embryo, a fetus, or tissue of an adult is inserted. (icr.org)
The egg then "reprograms" the adult nucleus so that the cell behaves like an embryo but has the genes of the adult cell. (nih.gov)
When an embryo like this is implanted into a uterus, as with Dolly, the process is called reproductive cloning. (nih.gov)
In another strategy, called therapeutic cloning, the embryo can instead be used to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient. (nih.gov)
The most common technique to clone a viable embryo in the lab is called somatic cell nuclear transfer - a painstaking and time-consuming process conducted under a microscope. (scmp.com)
Thus to use the phrase "of an existing or previously existing human being" to refer to the product of human cloning would not be a scientifically accurate description of the cloned or genetically engineered human embryo -- thus creating yet another loophole in the bill or treaty. (lifeissues.net)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
Cell, 94:97-107, 1998), scientists from Rockefeller University reported the discovery of a gene in Drosophila, dubbed double-time (dbt). (the-scientist.com)
That month, scientists reported the first successful attempt to reproduce a large, adult mammal through cloning. (exposingsatanism.org)
Scientists then need a way to get that DNA into a living cell and implanted in a surrogate animal for incubation. (syfy.com)
Yesterday, scientists in the United Kingdom announced that they'd been granted permission by the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority to create stem cells by therapeutic cloning. (sentientdevelopments.com)
As the cell begins to divide, scientists believe stem cells can be extracted and grown into tissue or organs. (boloji.com)
If it works, this automated system could be developed into a cloning kit that any company or research institution can buy to free scientists from labour-intensive, time-consuming manual cloning, said Pan Dengke, a former researcher with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences who helped produce China's first cloned pig in 2005. (scmp.com)
Should scientists seek to clone our ancient hominid cousins? (nationalgeographic.com)
Since the 1996 birth of Dolly the sheep, the world's first cloned mammal, scientists have greatly expanded and improved on cloning techniques. (nationalgeographic.com)
Starting with an intact cell (fresh or frozen) of the animal they'd like to clone, scientists first remove the nucleus, where DNA resides, and insert it into a hollowed-out egg cell of the same or a related species. (nationalgeographic.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
In the second half of the twentieth century, scientists learned how to clone organisms in some species of mammals. (asu.edu)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

In 1996, Dolly the sheep achieved notoriety for being the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, if passed, Hatch/Feinstein/Kerry would explicitly legalize doing in humans the very cloning procedure -- somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) -- that was used to make Dolly the sheep . (lifeissues.net)
Comment: Indeed, if passed, "total cloning bans" H.R. 534, H.R. 234, H.R. 916, and S. 245 would not ban anything either - not even the SCNT cloning technique that was used to make Dolly the sheep. (lifeissues.net)
Dolly the sheep was famously cloned using this method in 1996. (livescience.com)
This has led to a lot of interest in SCNT, which is best known as the method used to pioneer whole animal cloning technology, such as Dolly the sheep. (news-medical.net)
Dolly the sheep made headlines way back in 1996, only three years after Jurassic Park hit theaters, when she became the first successfully cloned mammal. (syfy.com)
Researchers have been hoping to harness the therapeutic potential of cloning ever since the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997. (nih.gov)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
He was in high school when he heard about Dolly, one of the world's most extreme examples of cell reprogramming. (lu.se)
Through the cloning of Dolly, we learned that the cell nucleus contains all the genetic information needed for the cell to develop into any type of cell. (lu.se)

Natural cloning is the production of clones without the involvement of genetic engineering techniques. (wikipedia.org)
The main difference between the two is that natural cloning does not involve any human intervention, whereas artificial cloning is a genetic engineering technique. (wikipedia.org)
Globally, there are several cloning programmes that aim to increase the size of rapidly-dwindling populations of endangered species such as African wildcats, and maintain genetic diversity through one-off clonings of individuals that haven't bred . (newscientist.com)
A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
In 1962 he made the stunning observation that it was possible to take a differentiated adult cell from a frog and to re-set its genetic program so that the reprogrammed nucleus could be implanted in an enucleated egg and direct the development of tadpoles. (brandeis.edu)
A third view says that cloning will provide for the possibility of improvement by giving birth to children who are free of birth defects, because when any two people create a child through sex there is the possibility for genetic defects. (bartleby.com)
However, since clones are the exact replicas of someone already alive, their genetic dispositions will have already surfaced. (bartleby.com)
Sickle cell anemia is an example of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. (genome.gov)
Genetic engineering is the altering of the genetic material of living cells in order to make them capable of producing new substances or performing new functions. (faqs.org)
When the genetic material within the living cells, i.e. genes are working properly, the human body can develop and function smoothly. (faqs.org)
As the first mouse cloned from an adult's cell nucleus, Cumulina represents the ultimate in genetic uniformity. (the-scientist.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
In therapeutic cloning on the other hand, genetic material from a body cell is inserted into an egg cell, replacing the nucleus. (boloji.com)
Using new tricks of genetic engineering, researchers could make adjustments to the DNA in the human cell so it matches the code of the Neanderthal. (nationalgeographic.com)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
A chemical compound or substance that inhibits oxidation - damage to cells' membranes, proteins or genetic material by free radicals (the same chemical reaction that causes iron to rust). (michaeljfox.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. (bartleby.com)
In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
One cloning technology that has been developed for mammalian and human cells is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (news-medical.net)
But SCNT can also be used to clone human cells for transplant or other therapies. (news-medical.net)
Another successful attempt at human SCNT was made using cells from two adult males. (news-medical.net)
For the most part, cloning is achieved through a process known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (syfy.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)

With that publication, "genome engineering of mammalian cells just took a big step forward," he says. (nationalgeographic.com)

Potentially easier would be cloning cryogenically frozen humans, though the consensus among cloning experts is that it would be unethical and dangerous to clone a human. (newscientist.com)
The Ethical Debate Concerning Cloning In the year that has elapsed since the announcement of Dolly's birth, there has been much discussion of the ethical implications of cloning humans. (bartleby.com)
However, the idea of cloning humans is a highly charged topic. (bartleby.com)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)
In 2017, the Nankai University group produced the world's first piglets to be cloned using robots, although Liu said some parts of the process - including the removal of the egg cell's nucleus - still had to be done by humans. (scmp.com)
Twelve years have passed since humans first successfully cloned a horse. (cnn.com)
One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

WHA50.37 of 1997 argues that human cloning is ethically unacceptable and contrary to human integrity and morality. (who.int)
After years of experiments …cloning hit the big time in February 1997. (exposingsatanism.org)
General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)

August 2003: Prometea (left), the world's first horse clone, and her mother Stella Cometa pose in the stable of the Laboratory of Reproductive Technology in Cremona, around 80 km from Milan in northern Italy. (cnn.com)
Yet Tomatillo, and a handful of others, represent near-exact replicas of sporting excellence and pose an important question: are we going to start seeing clones at the world's top equestrian events? (cnn.com)

In March, a surrogate mother gave birth to seven cloned piglets at the College of Artificial Intelligence at Nankai University in Tianjin. (scmp.com)
This hybrid egg is then implanted into the uterus of a female surrogate for gestation, and voilà: The surrogate gives birth to a clone. (nationalgeographic.com)
If a human cell could be Neanderthalized, it would be implanted into the womb of a surrogate mother, either a woman or a chimp, and then develop into a fetus. (nationalgeographic.com)

Another example of artificial cloning is molecular cloning, a technique in molecular biology in which a single living cell is used to clone a large population of cells that contain identical DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. (wikipedia.org)
However, a number of other features are needed, and a variety of specialised cloning vectors (small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted) exist that allow protein production, affinity tagging, single-stranded RNA or DNA production and a host of other molecular biology tools. (wikipedia.org)
12 Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas. (aacrjournals.org)
Correspondence with low molecular weight chemicals that results in the priming of chemical-specific, Prof. Dr. Stefan F. Martin, Allergy Research skin-homing CD8+ Tc1/Tc17 and CD4+ Th1/Th17 cells. (cdc.gov)

Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means. (wikipedia.org)
In the field of biotechnology, cloning is the process of creating cloned organisms of cells and of DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
Natural cloning occurs through a variety of natural mechanisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)

Researchers remove the nucleus from the egg cell, which can come from another animal, and replace it with the one from the body cell. (scmp.com)

discussed the procedure of cloning by somatic cell transfer. (icr.org)

Cloning has been proposed as a means of reviving extinct species. (wikipedia.org)
depictions commonly involve themes related to identity, the recreation of historical figures or extinct species, or cloning for exploitation (i.e. cloning soldiers for warfare). (wikipedia.org)
In 2003, researchers in Spain were the first to bring back an extinct species -the Pyrenean ibex, a wild mountain goat also called a bucardo-though the clone only lived for a few minutes. (nationalgeographic.com)

It needs both an egg cell, or oocyte, and a body cell, also known as a somatic cell - the latter of which is taken from the animal to be cloned. (scmp.com)

Dr. Irving L. Weissman is professor of pathology and developmental biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine , where he is director of the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. (brandeis.edu)
Thus, a kind of 'regenerative medicine' gives people access to therapies derived from their own cells. (boloji.com)

Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

He was the first to appreciate the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and has pioneered its development. (brandeis.edu)
The therapeutic potential of cloned human cells has been demonstrated by another study using human oocytes to reprogram adult cells of a type 1 diabetic. (news-medical.net)

2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Their 'Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2002' would prohibit human reproductive cloning by imposing significant criminal and civil penalties in the form of fines (at least $1 million) and up to ten years in prison. (boloji.com)
Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
Cloning technology, however, is perceived as having the potential for reproductive cloning, which raises serious ethical and moral concerns. (who.int)

However, the Senate bill does allow for therapeutic cloning, known as 'nuclear transplantation', for research on therapies that could cure several serious and life-threatening diseases. (boloji.com)
Reprogramming skin cells to blood stem cells could potentially provide an unlimited source of cells for transplantation to patients with blood disorders. (lu.se)

Ford C , 2023 , 'Cell-free DNA in plasma and ascites as a biomarker of bevacizumab response: A translational sub-study of the REZOLVE (ANZGOG-1101) clinical trial. (edu.au)
Retrieved on December 04, 2023 from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Cloning-Human-Cells.aspx. (news-medical.net)

Researchers from the Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow State University, and their colleagues have produced the first viable cloned calf in Russia - and she recently turned one. (isaaa.org)
In an ongoing effort to design and create a simplified, bottom-up model of the cytoskeleton, researchers now have designed and assembled a biomolecular model system capable of mechanical activity similar to that of living cells. (nanowerk.com)

In June 2002, numerous international organizations joined the Collective in issuing a statement on human cloning in which they called on Congress to pass a strong, effective ban on using human cloning to create a human being. (boloji.com)

concept of animal cloning, which has now been successfully carried out with sheep and a number of other mammals. (brandeis.edu)

The diploid nucleus from the cell was extracted and then injected into an enucleated egg. (quizlet.com)

Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest, such as in positional cloning. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, we identified and characterized a unique diffuse large B-cell lymphoma risk-related gene named BAL (B aggressive lymphoma). (nih.gov)
The problem is that while it is easy to gene-edit bird cells in the lab, it's hard to turn carefully edited cells back into a bird. (technologyreview.com)
The technique required three elements: the gene to be transferred, a host cell in which the gene is to be inserted, and a vector for transferring the gene to the body. (faqs.org)
Suppose, for example, that one wishes to insert the insulin gene into a bacterial cell. (faqs.org)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
Furthermore, the GmKRP2a gene, a member of the soybean KRP family, was cloned for further functional analysis. (bvsalud.org)

Wakayama speculates that freezing and thawing the tissue somehow makes it easier to "reprogram" the brain cell nucleus. (newscientist.com)
Therefore, new ways are needed to reprogram other cells into immune cells with the same capacity as the "natural" dendritic cells. (lu.se)
In the next step, he used the same molecules to reprogram cancer cells into dendritic cells. (lu.se)

Human CMV grows only in human cells and replicates best in human fibroblasts. (medscape.com)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)

The 2009 Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Basic Medical Science will be awarded to three pioneers in stem cell research. (brandeis.edu)
His demonstration that the expression of four master regulatory genes was sufficient to cause the reprogramming of adult cells has opened up many possibilities for human stem cell therapies. (brandeis.edu)
It's given name is the "Human Cloning Ban and Stem Cell Research Protection Act of 2003," the stated purpose of which, supposedly, is to "prohibit human cloning and to protect important areas of medical research, including stem cell research. (lifeissues.net)
Now the U.K. is positioned to lead the world in translating the potential benefits of stem-cell research into patients. (sentientdevelopments.com)
American feminists and women's health activists are debating on the difficult issue of human cloning and stem cell research. (boloji.com)
It starts with a healthy cell of a closely related species-cloning a Neanderthal, for example, could start with a stem cell from a modern human. (nationalgeographic.com)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)

Myxoid and round cell liposarcomas are regarded as belonging to a continuous histopathological spectrum characteristic of a chromosome translocation, t(12;16)(q13;p11), resulting in the fusion of the TLS and CHOP genes. (bmj.com)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
Here we employ FISH methodology to track LINE-1 retrotransposition at the single nuclei level in chromosome spreads of HepG2 cell lines stably expressing synthetic LINE-1 . (jove.com)

Although cloning is not an important issue presently, it could potentially replace sexual reproduction as our method of producing children. (bartleby.com)
This approach could be potentially applied directly in the brain by targeting resident cells as a source of new neurons. (lu.se)

Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)

By using skin cells as the starting cell-type, he managed to identify the three molecules needed to "program" dendritic cells in just nine days. (lu.se)
In other words, using the molecules as a trojan horse to "force" cancer cells to develop into immune cells. (lu.se)
MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

antibody (clone AD2.35) on mouse primary astrocytes. (biolegend.com)
The sample was amplified for 6 days on C6/36 cells, and the supernatant was used to infect Vero cells or primary human astrocytes. (cdc.gov)
B) Mock or infected primary human astrocytes were fixed at day 4 postinfection and labeled with pan-flavivirus antibody (MAB10216, clone D1-4G2) by indirect immunofluorescence (green). (cdc.gov)

Healthy mice have been cloned from cells from dead mice that had been frozen for 16 years, raising the possibility that endangered species could be cloned from old carcasses that have been tossed in freezers, rather than from living cells frozen using elaborate techniques. (newscientist.com)
What's more, most conservationists agree that cloning should be considered only as a last resort for species such as the northern white rhino, where all other attempts at conservation have failed, says Paul Bartels, manager of BioBankSA at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa in Pretoria. (newscientist.com)
That's because reviving any lost species requires technology straight out of Jurassic Park -including sequencing of ancient DNA , cloning, and even artificial wombs. (technologyreview.com)
To date, more than 20 species have been cloned , with 19 of them surviving into adulthood. (syfy.com)

Nuclei stained with DAPI (blue). (biolegend.com)
Nuclei are labeled with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) (blue). (cdc.gov)

Other teams have already cloned mice from previously frozen dead cells . (newscientist.com)
In 1988 he first identified and isolated the blood-forming stem cells from mice and went on to define the stages of development between the stem cells and differentiated cells of the immune system. (brandeis.edu)
RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
So far, 50 mice have been cloned, some through three generations. (the-scientist.com)
Going from engineered cells to whole organism has been especially well established in mice, and [there's] no obvious reason why it would fail in other mammals. (nationalgeographic.com)
Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)

We already have many examples ure of a discrete action (lever press) to in the sensitivity of nucleus accumbens of how brain biology can affect behav- produce the expected results (cocaine). (lu.se)

Although the simple use of the word 'clone' may have negative connotations, many people have resigned themselves to the idea of cloning cows that produce more milk or using a cloned mouse for use in controlled experimentation. (bartleby.com)
There is no way that human cloning could be developed without unethical mass experimentation on women and children,' they said. (boloji.com)

Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)

Granulosa cells from adult sheep were heated to nonphysiological temperatures (55 degrees C or 75 degrees C) before their nuclei were injected into enucleated metaphase II oocytes. (cnrs.fr)
And incubate for 90 minutes to arrest cells at metaphase. (jove.com)

Creating a human by cloning is widely seen as unethical, is illegal in most jurisdictions, and is technically difficult. (msdmanuals.com)

In the new experiments, cloned nuclei replicated slowly and with fewer replication origins. (rupress.org)

The technique involves removing the nucleus of an egg cell and replacing it with a somatic (body) cell from the animal you want to clone. (syfy.com)
Pereira's research also involves reprogramming skin cells into dendritic cells, which are the sentinels of the immune system. (lu.se)
subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, SS is a malignant neoplasm originating the most common of which are mycosis from T lymphocytes, which involves the fungoides and Sézary syndrome (SS). (bvsalud.org)

A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born ("What Is Cloning? (bartleby.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)

After salivary gland cells from Drosophila are isolated and cultured in the presence of radioactive thymidylic acid, autoradiography is performed, revealing polytene chromosomes. (quizlet.com)

Cloning entails taking the nucleus - the compartment that contains the DNA - from an adult cell and putting it into an egg from which the original nucleus has been removed. (nih.gov)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
Early patch-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (medscape.com)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is a general term from mycosis fungoides or occur spontane- to identify non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphomas ously, although some authors now consider that primarily affect the skin. (bvsalud.org)

This conjugation-ready format is designed for use with fluorochromes, metal isotopes, oligonucleotides, and enzymes, which makes them ideal for antibody labelling, functional and cell-based assays, flow-based assays (e.g. mass cytometry) and Multiplex Imaging applications. (abcam.com)
He has succeeded in converting human skin cells into blood stem cells, which is a first step towards creating fully functional blood stem cells in test tubes. (lu.se)

Conceptual artist Jonathon Keats is giving everyone the chance to become the Christian messiah - and a number of other historical personages and celebrities as well - through his Epigenetic Cloning Agency, which opens a new branch at a Berlin gallery today (May 31). (livescience.com)
To be clear: The Epigenetic Cloning Agency is an art project whose concoctions are meant to inspire thought and conversation about the nature of identity and the march of scientific progress, not actually turn you into someone else. (livescience.com)
But epigenetic cloning takes a different tack, seeking to alter how a customer's genes are expressed rather than swapping out his or her entire genome. (livescience.com)
For example, the recipe for becoming Jesus Christ includes, among other things, some basic components of the Mediterranean diet of the time and substantial doses of omega-3 fatty acids (he likely ate a lot of fish), Keats told LiveScience back in October at the opening of the San Francisco branch of the Epigenetic Cloning Agency. (livescience.com)
The Epigenetic Cloning Agency's Berlin branch will be offering several other tinctures in addition to the Jesus mixture, including Napoleon Bonaparte, Queen Elizabeth I, Lady Gaga , swimmer Michael Phelps and Angela Merkel, the current chancellor of Germany. (livescience.com)
The Epigenetic Cloning Agency is willing to tailor tinctures to their customers' desires, and it will even take a stab at fictional characters such as Sherlock Holmes if asked to do so. (livescience.com)
It was believed that the epigenetic signature and age-related changes such as shortened telomeres and oxidative DNA damage might hinder reprogramming of mature adult nuclei. (news-medical.net)

Among the changes to CTCL classification were the addition of primary cutaneous acral CD8 + T-cell lymphoma as a new provisional entity. (medscape.com)

The overall goal of this procedure is to visualize and analyze L-1 retrotransposition rates and patterns at the single nucleus level using fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH. (jove.com)
Quality of the ES cells is of paramount importance in the success of this procedure. (lu.se)

The cells were fixed, permeabilized, blocked and then stained with primary antibody, and Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugated secondary IgG (Cat. (biolegend.com)
The reconstituted cells were then washed and stained with BD Horizon™ BUV395 Mouse Anti-Human CD4 antibody (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)

Anatomy82

Organisms17

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Embryos17

Embryonic26

Donor13

Embryo8

Scientists14

Dolly11

Genetic16

SCNT7

Mammalian Cells1

Humans8

19973

World's2

Surrogate3

Molecular5

Organisms4

Remove the nucleus1

Somatic cell transfer1

Extinct species3

Oocyte1

Regenerative Medicine2

Germ cell1

Therapeutic potential2

Reproductive Cloning8

Transplantation2

20232

Researchers2

20021

Successfully1

Injected into an enucleated1

Gene8

Reprogram3

Fibroblasts1

Identical genomes1

Stem cell9

Chromosome3

Potentially2

Genetically identical1

Molecules3

Astrocytes3

Species4

DAPI2

Mice6

Biology1

Experimentation2

Human somatic cells2

Metaphase2

Unethical1

Experiments1

Involves3

Occurs2

Drosophila1

Adult cell1

Cutaneous T-cell l3

Functional2

Epigenetic7

Provisional1

Procedure2

Antibody2