Cells and embryonic stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells, meaning that they can give rise to all tissues in the body. (utexas.edu)
Dermis is formed approximately at E11 of mouse embryonic development. (lifemapsc.com)
Ten-Eleven Translocation Ablation Impairs Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (bvsalud.org)
physiologically based animals because a mouse embryonic stem cell line is used. (cdc.gov)
the EST, which assesses the effects of compounds on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into contracting cardiomyocytes, can be used to rank the potency of chemicals within a series of alkoxyacetic acid metabolites formed from The implementation of the European REACH (Registration, glycol ethers. (cdc.gov)

Adult stem cells are sometimes referred to as somatic stem cells to differentiate them from human germ cells, sperm cells and egg cells. (erlc.com)
However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)

This knowledge can be used to model and understand developmental disorders or diseases that arise during early embryonic development. (nyscf.org)
Finally, genetic studies in mice show that Dpy30 is also necessary to maintain pluripotency in the pregastrulation embryo, thereby confirming the existence of similar regulations in vivo during early embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
Monkeys have served as one of the most valuable models for understanding DNA methylation dynamics during early embryogenesis in human due to their similarities in genetics and early embryonic development 17 , 18 . (nature.com)

Though not intended to be an exhaustive explanation of this important topic, we believe this will help to clarify and explain the questions most frequently asked about embryonic stem cell research. (erlc.com)

This is a time-sensitive RFI to determine how best to accelerate research directed toward targeted differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into specific neuronal and glial cell types. (nih.gov)
The ESCRO Committee's review shall be specific to the scientific and ethical issues presented by proposals to use human gametes, human embryos, human embryo models, and the development and study of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs) and their pluripotent derivatives in covered research in particular research projects. (washington.edu)
The UW Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM) has been established for the purpose of facilitating and encouraging basic research on hESCs to develop therapies and cures for human disease. (washington.edu)
Here, we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to show that the Activin-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway cooperates with the core pluripotency factor NANOG to recruit the DPY30-COMPASS histone modifiers onto key developmental genes. (ox.ac.uk)
Our results reveal the mechanisms by which extracellular factors coordinate chromatin status and cell fate decisions in hESCs. (ox.ac.uk)
We studied human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) measuring the SNPs and CNVs with Affymetrix SNP 6 microarrays and expression values with Affymetrix Exon microarrays. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell replacement using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derivatives may offer new therapeutic opportunities to replace degenerated neurons and repair damaged circuits. (lu.se)

Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isolating the inner cell mass (embryoblast) using immunosurgery results in destruction of the blastocyst, a process which raises ethical issues, including whether or not embryos at the pre-implantation stage have the same moral considerations as embryos in the post-implantation stage of development. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Currently, embryos left over from infertility treatments are the only source of human embryonic stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
But it also plays a much more mundane role in regular cell development, and the formation of blood cells and the cells that form the spinal cord in later-stage embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
The issue of research involving stem cells derived from human embryos is increasingly the subject of a national debate and dinner table discussions," said President George W. Bush in a 2001 speech announcing his policy on embryonic stem cell research. (erlc.com)
Where do the embryos for embryonic stem cells come from? (erlc.com)
Currently, all human embryonic stem cell lines in use today were created from embryos generated by IVF. (erlc.com)
Scientists announced this week that they have successfully produced embryonic stem cells by transferring the DNA of human skin cells into unfertilized human eggs to produce embryos, a technique the Church considers to be an abuse of human life. (womenofgrace.com)
Management of what is called the 'national embryo supply' in the UK involves new forms of governance at the 'IVF-Stem cell Interface', where questions about the provenance of donated embryos, including the ethics of their sourcing, are at a premium. (lse.ac.uk)
But the embryonic fantasy will continue to be fermented of exclusive miracles just around the corner, for as long as biotech companies need to ensure access to human embryos for more practical research. (catholicleader.com.au)
They are made from cells found in very early human embryos, called blastocysts. (eurostemcell.org)
A gene for a green fluorescent protein was inserted into the genomes of stem cells, which were then injected into macaque embryos grown for around four days in vitro. (planer.com)
As Wisconsin observed the 10-year anniversary of James Thomson's embryonic stem (ES) cell discovery, some wonder whether the ensuing controversy over the destruction of human embryos has been worthwhile. (wtnnews.com)
The cost seems to be small, experimentation with stem cells derived from "spare" embryos that are no longer needed or wanted for in vitro fertilization. (jcrelations.net)
Earlier this week, the British House of Commons voted by a large majority the amendments for Human Fertilization and Embryonic Research Act which allows scientists to produce human-animal hybrid embryos for stem cell research. (battlingforhealth.com)
Thanks to advances in stem cell technology since then, scientists are now able to create models of human embryos that can provide a rare insight into the earliest stages of life. (nyscf.org)
Dr. Wu's peri-gastruloids contain cells found in embryos as well as those found outside embryos that help them develop. (nyscf.org)
These embryos are not viable, as they still lack trophoblasts (cells found in the placenta that nourish embryos), but can help provide a glimpse into critical stages of development that could not be previously studied. (nyscf.org)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
Embryonic stem cell research "uses special cells found in three-to-five day old human embryos to seek cures for a host of chronic disease" (PRC). (ipl.org)
In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
Furthermore, due to ethical and legal concerns, very limited techniques can be applied to human embryos to validate some of significant conclusions drawn from descriptive studies regarding human embryonic development. (nature.com)

Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
Our assays showed that the hybrid cells, unlike adult cells, showed the development potential of embryonic stem cells," said Eggan. (news-medical.net)

Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
When provided with the appropriate signals, ESCs initially form precursor cells that in subsequently differentiate into the desired cell types. (wikipedia.org)
According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
Sun's method prodded human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into neural stem cells, the cells that give rise to neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
Using the same techniques to prod the two embryonic stem cells lines to differentiate, Sun found that one line had a bias to become neurons that are found in the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)
As stem cells within a developing human embryo differentiate within the cell, their capacity to diversify generally becomes more limited and their ability to generate many differentiated cell types also becomes more restricted. (erlc.com)
By learning how stem cells differentiate and become specialized, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of how cells in general work and what can go wrong. (erlc.com)
Many areas of science use mouse ESCs to study how blastocysts grow into adults and to study what signals direct stem cells to differentiate into specialised cells. (eurostemcell.org)
Another challenging area is controlling exactly how ESCs differentiate into numerous specialised cell types. (eurostemcell.org)
They will multiply and differentiate extensively to make the many types of cells needed to form the entire animal. (eurostemcell.org)
Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. (ox.ac.uk)
Eventually, the cells begin to differentiate, taking on a certain function in a part of the body. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
They can differentiate into all types of specialized cells in the body. (healthline.com)
The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)
In response to signals from the notochord , neural tube and surface ectoderm, the somites subdivide and differentiate to give rise to the embryonic structures of the dermomyotome , myotome and sclerotome . (lifemapsc.com)
Here, we show that embryonic stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes, which progressively develop into hypertrophic and calcifying cells. (uni-luebeck.de)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)

Dr. Katherine High of the Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia was the lone speaker supporting embryonic research. (pacatholic.org)

This screen is capable of analyzing the expression of 48 genes simultaneously across dozens of different samples, and our gene list covers all three germ layers that arise during normal embryonic development, the trophectoderm, and epigenetic regulators of chromatin status. (utexas.edu)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) generated by reprogramming of somatic cells are also discussed and related to the pluripotent cell states which can be captured during normal embryonic development. (dundee.ac.uk)

This has catalyzed research in both early embryogenesis as a model system for mammalian development as well as regenerative medicine as a renewable source of unspecialized cells which can be converted into nearly any cell type required by a patient. (utexas.edu)
ES cells have been an invaluable resource for advancing fundamental understanding of global transcriptional and epigenetic regulations, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNA in mammalian systems. (utexas.edu)
The interest of the Institute in developmental biology is rooted back at the time when IGB researchers pioneered mouse genetics using gene targeting techniques to study mammalian embryonic development. (cnr.it)

The scientists knew that if their studies were successful, it would provide the research community with a new option for producing reprogrammed cells using embryonic stem cells, which are more plentiful and easier to obtain than unfertilized human eggs. (news-medical.net)
Why are stem cells so important to research? (erlc.com)
There are two main reasons stem cells are of interest to both scientific and medical research. (erlc.com)
Funding for stem cell research in two of the most liberal states in the nation - California and Maryland - appears to be shifting away from embryonic to adult stem cells. (womenofgrace.com)
Human Embryonic Stem (hES) cell research has met with a mixed reception internationally, but in the UK remains a significant national priority. (lse.ac.uk)
This article explores the question of embryo donation to stem cell research from the perspective of the increasing proximity of IVF and hES cell derivation, using a model of 'double reproductive value' to explore what forms of exchange and flow are occurring, and how these are defined and negotiated in the context of a national hES cell coordination network of practitioners. (lse.ac.uk)
In July, President George Bush vetoed a bill that would have provided federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. (pacatholic.org)
Ethical adult stem cell research is succeeding and yielding therapies that are healing people now. (pacatholic.org)
Stephen Webster, CEO of Nureonyx, discussed the business opportunities of stem cell research. (pacatholic.org)
Dr. Gary Friedman of the New Jersey Stem Cell Research and Education Foundation explained how successful stem cell therapies will be more important as the aging American population puts a strain on our health care system. (pacatholic.org)
She contends that without state funding Pennsylvania might be a "follower" instead of a "leader" in stem cell research which could hurt the Commonwealth's economy. (pacatholic.org)
Ethical considerations of embryonic stem cell research were discussed by Fr. (pacatholic.org)
He reiterated that the Catholic Church does not oppose stem cell research, but advocates research on non-embryonic cells that does not destroy human life. (pacatholic.org)
Expect embryonic stem cell research to be on the agenda. (pacatholic.org)
29, 2011, a federal appeals court has lifted a ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell (ESC) research. (biopharminternational.com)
The move was celebrated by researchers hoping to use such cells for research, but it is likely that the decision will be appealed. (biopharminternational.com)
The case began when a lawsuit was brought against the National Institutes of Health (NIH) by Dr. James Sherley and Dr. Theresa Deisher, scientists opposed to embryonic stem cell research. (biopharminternational.com)
The scientists also claimed that funding embryonic stem cell research hurt their ability to receive federal funding for their own research using adult stem cells. (biopharminternational.com)
In August 2010, a district court agreed with the plaintiffs that embryonic stem cell research violated federal law and blocked funding, but a three-judge appeals court temporarily lifted the ban in September. (biopharminternational.com)
The issue is whether that law's restrictions apply to research conducted on stem cell lines that had been developed without federal funding. (biopharminternational.com)
NIH has interpreted the law narrowly, and argued that creating embryonic stem cells is not the same as using lines created without federal funding for research purposes. (biopharminternational.com)
This is a momentous day-not only for science, but for the hopes of thousands of patients and their families who are relying on NIH-funded scientists to pursue life-saving discoveries and therapies that could come from stem cell research. (biopharminternational.com)
Researchers used stem cells obtained from the embryonic tissue of cynomolgus monkeys, a type of macaque commonly used in genetics research because of their similarity to humans. (planer.com)
CDI grows the heart cells in-house and then sells them as research tools. (wtnnews.com)
Clearly, ES cells as drug testing and research tools is a growing international market. (wtnnews.com)
Medical ethicists from my Roman Catholic religious tradition face a dilemma when investigating the morality of human embryonic stem cell research. (jcrelations.net)
This statement shows that, from a Roman Catholic point of view, the starting point for reflection on the ethics of embryonic stem cell research does not begin with stem cell research in itself nor even with the social good that comes about from the possible results of such research. (jcrelations.net)
Understood in this way, the moral context of embryonic stem cell research from a Roman Catholic point of view involves the acceptance of the idea that the benefits given to so many in society come through the destruction of the weakest and most vulnerable forms of life. (jcrelations.net)
It is the belief of many scientists, lawmakers, as well as patients that the key to future therapies that can cure diseases - from cardiovascular disorders to cancer - lie in stem cell research. (battlingforhealth.com)
Part of why NYSCF was founded was to offer scientists a private, philanthropy-driven funding source for stem cell research, which at the time could only be done using embryonic stem cells. (nyscf.org)
UW's policy governing human embryo and human embryonic stem cell research has been changed to include oversight of research involving human embryo models and human gametes. (washington.edu)
However, more research is needed to help understand the potential uses of amniotic fluid stem cells. (healthline.com)
STEM CELL RESEARCH is a very controversial topic in today's time. (ipl.org)
Stem cell research is not worth supporting. (ipl.org)
Advocates of stem cell research believe that the cells are not equivalent to human life because it is inside the womb even facing the fact that the start of a human life is in the moment of conception. (ipl.org)
While many people say the use of the cell research is a way to advance medical knowledge and expand treatments, there is no guarantee that the treatments will work. (ipl.org)
In recent years, several competing viewpoints have emerged about embryonic stem cell research. (ipl.org)
All of this debate raises an important question, Should embryonic stem cell research be conducted for treatment of present and future diseases? (ipl.org)
People who believe that an embryo should not be destroyed tend to say that embryonic stem cell research should not be conducted. (ipl.org)
On the other hand, people who believe that embryonic stem cell research creates means of curing diseases reply that the research should be conducted. (ipl.org)
Within this context, research involving stem cells are on the agenda of several academic articles and major newspapers and magazines around the world. (bvsalud.org)
We followed different mediators along their deviations, in order to produce a report based on the analysis of current bioethical controversies involving, specifically, embryonic stem cell research. (bvsalud.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer, the technique by which Dolly was created, was first used 40 years ago in research with tadpoles and frogs. (who.int)
Great Iranian Muslim scholars netics, stem cell research, and organ trans- laid huge emphasis on teaching and practis- plantation are some of the medical issues ing ethics. (who.int)
Andreas' research focuses on generating brain cells, specifically interneurons, in the lab, which has significant implications for the study of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. (lu.se)
Combining cell biology and electrophysiology, his work has the potential to create personalized disease models for future research. (lu.se)

Based on this knowledge, IGB researchers are developing molecular and pharmacological tools to target progenitor/stem cells and their metabolism, paving the way for novel approaches to regenerative medicine and disease treatments. (cnr.it)
Recent studies have isolated distinct cell populations from infantile hemangiomas that display properties equivalent to aberrant progenitor cells, suggesting that, in addition to malignant tumors, benign tumors may also contain a stem cell-like component. (medscape.com)
emGFP) expression under the control of Nkx2.5 promoter as marker for cardiac progenitor cells , we discovered that Tet1 and Tet2 depletion significantly impaired mESC -to-cardiac progenitor differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Conclusions: The data support the long-term therapeutic potential of ESC-derived human striatal progenitor grafts for the replacement of degenerated striatal neurons in HD and suggest that EE can effectively accelerate the maturation and promote the integration of human striatal cells. (lu.se)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The developmental progression of embryonic stem cells into specialist cell types involves the activation of lineage-specific programs of gene expression and the silencing of genes involved in maintaining pluripotency. (ca.gov)
Thus, they retain control of the ES cells and the developmental process, while providing a renewable stream of cellular tools that researchers can purchase. (wtnnews.com)
Here, I review the progress made in understanding how signals from the environment influence pluripotent cell self-renewal and differentiation and discuss some of the differences encountered between pluripotent cells from various species and distinct developmental origins. (dundee.ac.uk)
Human embryonic development is a critical component of human life, and is a stage during which many conditions - including developmental disorders, birth defects, genetic disorders, and many neurological disorders - can begin to take form. (nyscf.org)
We used in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells through embryoid bodies as a model to analyze chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation because embryonic stem cells recapitulate early embryonic developmental phases during in vitro differentiation. (uni-luebeck.de)
The clonal analysis confirmed that the chondrogenic cells change their developmental fate at least into the adipogenic lineage. (uni-luebeck.de)

The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
Considerable time and effort has been spent in developing targeted therapies to fight SLE, yet only one therapy, belimumab (Benlysta), a monoclonal antibody targeting B cell-activating factor, or BAFF, has been approved for the treatment of SLE in the last half-century 16 . (nature.com)
For example, stem cell therapies might help the people on the rapidly growing organ transplant list. (pacatholic.org)
Michael West is more optimistic than Thomson that ES cell-based therapies soon will happen. (wtnnews.com)

In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
For that reason, many researchers believe stem cells offer promise for creating populations of specialized cells that can be used to rejuvenate organs, such as the pancreas or heart, that are damaged by disease or trauma. (news-medical.net)
Cells Tissues Organs (2011) 193 (4): 239-252. (karger.com)
Mouse ESCs are being used to learn about how the body develops, from early embryonic stages to the formation of complex organs. (eurostemcell.org)
Researchers are learning how cells assemble into complex tissues, such as the layers of the brain, by attempting to grow primitive organs in the lab. (eurostemcell.org)
This male macaque exhibited organs with a mixture of both sets of cells, including green eyes and fingertips, demonstrating tissues featuring a high proportion of cells derived from the injected stem cells. (planer.com)
Besides CDI, Geron, and San Francisco's VistaGen Therapeutics also use ES cells to produce cells from the heart, pancreas, liver, and other organs for similar purposes. (wtnnews.com)
This knowledge can be applied to improve regenerative medicine approaches, such as generating specific cell types or tissues for transplantation or repairing damaged organs," said lead author Lizhong Liu, PhD , Assistant Instructor of Molecular Biology in the Wu lab. (nyscf.org)
These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
We are particularly interested in learning how organs can adapt to the changing organismal size , with a focus on the molecular mechanisms for stem cell coordination within and among organs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
We follow stem cell derived lineages in different organs to learn whether fish use the same stem cells to maintain homeostasis replacemente and to drive growth, or if they have dedicated populations for each feature. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Since fish grow during their entire post-embryonic life, their organs have to adapt to an increasing body size. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Rapid cell division allows the cells to quickly grow in number, but not size, which is important for early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
All specialized cells arise originally from stem cells, and ultimately form a small number of embryonic cells that appear during the first few days of development. (erlc.com)
This study represents an important step in the development of a commercially scalable and efficacious cell therapy for SLE/LN. (nature.com)
Notch receptors and Notch ligands were detected in virtually all cells throughout EB development. (karger.com)
An immense amount has been learned about embryonic development and disease from creating 'chimera' mice with genetically modified ESCs. (eurostemcell.org)
The injected ES cells take part in the development of the foetus and the resulting pup is born with a mixture of cells, (a) from the host blastocyst and (b) cells that came from the injected ES cells. (eurostemcell.org)
SOX2 is an intronless gene encoding a member of the SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate. (thermofisher.com)
ES cell technology therefore promises to provide tissues on which to test and eliminate potentially toxic drugs much earlier in the development pipeline, potentially saving billions in drug development costs, according to the FDA. (wtnnews.com)
Gastrulation is a critical step in embryonic development in which cells begin to organize themselves into layers that will contain the basic plan for a future organism, but there are few ways to study this process in depth. (nyscf.org)
Scientists have already established stem cell models of gastrulation - the process of human development in which cells reorganize from a single layer to a 3D structure - but these models have lacked the diversity of cell types needed to more fully model complex development. (nyscf.org)
During the third week of human embryonic development, the paraxial mesoderm forms paired "balls" of mesoderm on either side of the neural groove. (lifemapsc.com)
We have generated several transgenic lines to explore how neuromasts are created after embryonic development (Development 144, 687-697), which are their cells of origin and which and how they integrate the signals from the environment to trigger organ formation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Both methods have contributed extensively to our current knowledge on the lineage relation of differentiated cells during embryogenesis, the potential of stem cell populations to generate or re-generate missing cell types, and the cell autonomous or non cell autonomous effects of many genes during development and disease. (uni-heidelberg.de)
The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
In vitro toxicity data of these metabolites derived in the development of validated and accepted in vitro and in silico embryonic stem cell test were used as input in the PBK model to extrapolate in vitro concentration-response curves to predicted approaches is urgently needed. (cdc.gov)

Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
We've demonstrated that we don't have to manipulate the pluripotent genes to get to the ground state, but rather that we can block all other options of where the cell 'wants' to go. (sciencedaily.com)
Sun and her team confirmed that the two embryonic stem cell lines were different through gene expression analysis -- neurons that perform different functions in different parts of the brain express different genes. (sciencedaily.com)
Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)
With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
We found that a large fraction of genes were differentially localized in human thymocytes derived from embryonic stem cells versus human myeloid cells. (ca.gov)
Chimeras can pass on genes from embryonic stem cells to their offspring. (eurostemcell.org)
Researchers can precisely alter the genes of ES cells in the lab, put the cells back into blastocysts, and produce new mice that contain the modified genes. (eurostemcell.org)
Scientists use genetically altered mice made from ES cells to study genes involved in many human diseases. (eurostemcell.org)
Our signature-based screen established several categories of genes based on their comparative functions during the differentiation of ES cells. (utexas.edu)
A chimeric monkey has been created using embryonic stem cells with two different sets of genes, a new study has demonstrated. (planer.com)
Our results revealed altogether 217 genes and 584 SNPs whose genomic alterations affect the transcriptome in the same cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results revealed that in the human pluripotent stem cells, the expression values of several genes, transcripts and exons were affected due to the genomic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)

Mechanistically, in vitro data support these findings, as co-culture of hESC-MSCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BWF1 lymphocytes decreased lymphocyte secretion of TNFα and IL-6 and enhanced the percentage of putative regulatory T cells. (nature.com)
We portrayed the Notch system in embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) differentiating under the standard protocols used to assess yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis in vitro. (karger.com)
A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
To determine how the pathogenesis of these viruses differs, we compared their ability to induce disease in mice and replicate and induce cell death in vitro. (cdc.gov)

There is an immense functional heterogeneity among stem cell within a population, considering proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, Humana Press, pp. 49-68. (dundee.ac.uk)

No end believed to be good, such as the use of [embryonic] stem cells for the preparation of other differentiated cells to be used in what look to be promising therapeutic procedures, can justify [the destruction of embryonic life]. (jcrelations.net)
These findings further strengthen the view that standardized selection strategies will be necessary to obtain defined cell populations for therapeutic applications. (uni-luebeck.de)
Therapeutic cloning, which creates embryonic stem cells . (medlineplus.gov)

Second, stem cells may prove to be an indispensable source of transplantable cells and tissues for repair and regeneration. (erlc.com)
In this study, we have provided strong evidence that naïve monkey pluripotent stem cells possess the capability of differentiating in vivo into all the various tissues composing a monkey body,' co-author Professor Miguel Esteban from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China told Nature. (planer.com)
Publishing their results in Cell, the authors analysed 26 different tissues, showing that donor cells accounted for 21 to 92 percent of the constituent cells, with an average incidence of 67 percent. (planer.com)
We have a very high level of contribution, with the donor cells forming a big part of the tissues (and) complex structures all over the monkey body. (planer.com)
But he also said that even if they never make it into the clinic, ES cells would profoundly affect the future of medicine because they provide laboratory access to human tissues that had been inaccessible before. (wtnnews.com)
Thomson also explained that the different cell types that can be derived from ES cells enable researchers to directly test new drugs on different human tissues. (wtnnews.com)
Thomson and others from UW-Madison founded Cellular Dynamics International to grow different tissues from ES cells. (wtnnews.com)
and b) how do stem cells in different tissues coordinate their functions for the fish to maintain its shape during permanent growth? (uni-heidelberg.de)
Researchers hope to use these cells to grow healthy tissue to replace injured or diseased tissues in the human body. (medlineplus.gov)

Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog play a role in transcriptionally regulating the embryonic stem cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Writing in the journal Cell Stem Cell , the team reports that more than half of mouse epiblast stem cells treated with the drug reversed course within three days, and regained an embryonic "be anything" state, also called pluripotency. (sciencedaily.com)
Past attempts by other teams to restore pluripotency to mouse cells from the epiblast stem cell state have yielded far lower amounts, or non-viable cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
The interaction between these signal transduction pathways is of critical importance, as it ultimately orchestrates the behaviour of ES cells by controlling the expression of pluripotency determinants as well as lineage effectors. (dundee.ac.uk)
These findings provide supporting evidence that enrichment for proteins involved in pluripotency is not restricted solely to malignant tumors as is suggested by the "stem cell theory of cancer", but additionally extends to common benign vascular tumors such as hemangiomas. (medscape.com)

Comparison of toxicity of benzene metabolite hydroquinone in hematopoietic stem cells derived from murine embryonic yolk sac and adult bone marrow. (cdc.gov)

Historically, lineage analysis in vertebrates was performed on entire populations of cells using either transplantation approaches or genetic tools like Cre/LoxP mediated recombination. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in order to reestablish blood cell production in patients whose bone marrow or immune system is damaged or defective. (medscape.com)

In a surprising new finding, scientists have shown that mouse stem cells treated with the drug reverted to an 'embryonic' state. (sciencedaily.com)
It's the first time that scientists have shown they can get stem cells to revert to their original state by erasing specific labels called epigenetic markers. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists were able to produce from human embryonic stem cells a highly pure, large quantity of functioning neurons that will allow them to create models of and study diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prefrontal dementia and schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
SCNT involves transferring the nuclei of adult cells, called somatic cells, into oocytes in which scientists have removed the nuclei. (news-medical.net)
Scientists at Stanford University in California have been able to coax embryonic stem cells into becoming eggs and sperm, which could one day lead to the creation of children through entirely artificial means. (womenofgrace.com)
British scientists are hailing the recent creation of human sperm cells that they believe could revolutionize fertility treatment. (womenofgrace.com)
A recent open letter to all Australian parliaments from nine senior medical scientists tries to counter these fantasies, warning that 'undue expectations have been created in the community, particularly in those with various medical afflictions, as to the imminence and likely scope of embryonic stem cell therapy. (catholicleader.com.au)
Embryonic stem cells have captured the imagination of scientists and non-scientists alike. (eurostemcell.org)
The immense value of this technique for science and medicine was recognized in 2007 when the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to three scientists who pioneered the use of ES cells to create genetically modified mice . (eurostemcell.org)
This allows scientists to see what goes wrong with the specific cell types that cause Parkinson's and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and other maladies. (wtnnews.com)
Using human stem cells, scientists led by NYSCF - Robertson Stem Cell Investigator Jun Wu, PhD , of UT Southwestern Medical Center have developed an embryo model called 'peri-gastruloids' that can form many of the body's cell types. (nyscf.org)
Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)

abstract = "Since their discovery more than 30 years ago, embryonic stem (ES) cells have been propelled from relative obscurity into the centre stage of international attention. (dundee.ac.uk)
abstract = "Evidence exists that cells of mesenchymal origin show a differentiation plasticity that depends on their differentiation state. (uni-luebeck.de)

In clonal cultures of chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies, additional mesenchymal cell types expressing adipogenic properties were observed, which suggests that the subcultured chondrocytes indeed exhibit a certain differentiation plasticity. (uni-luebeck.de)

Other techniques can reprogram "adult" cells in the human body taken from skin, for example -- but the cells still carry baggage from their previous state. (sciencedaily.com)
It is more likely that the new technique will see immediate use in helping to accelerate understanding of how embryonic cells "reprogram" somatic cells to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)

In tissue engineering, the use of stem cells are known to be of importance. (wikipedia.org)
Adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are showing promise in clinical trials for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (nature.com)
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells derived from embryonic tissue in a process that usually results in the destruction of the embryo. (biopharminternational.com)
The ban on funding did not apply to stem cells derived from adult tissue. (biopharminternational.com)
The expression and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) in neuroectodermal precursor cells is undocumented. (uea.ac.uk)
This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
Several genome-wide studies have reported genomic variants that correlate with gene expression levels in various tissue and cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. (medlineplus.gov)

ESCs divide very frequently due to a shortened G1 phase in their cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Despite this difference in the cell cycle when compared to ESCs grown in media containing serum these cells have similar pluripotent characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells that have been taken from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an embryo of about 150 cells that has not yet implanted into a woman's uterus. (erlc.com)
Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells, meaning cells that can make any other cell in the body. (eurostemcell.org)
Researchers are learning how to create many different specialised cell types found in the body by exposing ESCs to different signalling molecules and growth conditions. (eurostemcell.org)
Ten-eleven Translocation (TET) dioxygenases mediated DNA methylation oxidation plays an important role in regulating the embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Herein, we utilized a CRISPR /Cas9 based genome editing method to generate single, double, and triple Tet-deficient mouse ESCs ( mESCs ) and differentiated these cells toward cardiac progenitors. (bvsalud.org)

The process of cell maturation and specialization that would normally take place in the embryo stops. (eurostemcell.org)
Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)

MLL1 plays a key role in the uncontrolled explosion of white blood cells that's the hallmark of leukemia, which is why U-M researchers originally developed MM-401 to interfere with it. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers previously had been able to produce neurons - the impulse-conducting cells in the brain and spinal cord - from human embryonic stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers have developed a new technique for creating human embryonic stem cells by fusing adult somatic cells with embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)
In the studies published in Science, the researchers combined human fibroblast cells with human embryonic stem cells in the presence of a detergent-like substance that caused the two cell types to fuse. (news-medical.net)
The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers were also able to further confirmed that fusion occurred by studying the chromosomal makeup of the fused cells. (news-medical.net)
The researchers also performed fusion experiments using pelvic bone cells as the somatic cells and a different human embryonic cell line, to demonstrate that their technique was not restricted to one adult cell type or embryonic cell line. (news-medical.net)
This will be a valuable information for other researchers interested in ES cell differentiation from various perspectives. (utexas.edu)

Self-renewal conditions must prevent the cells from clumping and maintain an environment that supports an unspecialized state. (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells have two unique characteristics: (1) an almost unlimited capacity for self-renewal (they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells for as long as the person is alive) and (2) they retain the potential to produce differentiated and specialized cell types. (erlc.com)
We disproved past misconceptions in the field about the role of Yap1 concerning its function in ES cell self-renewal, showing that like the inner cell mass, Yap1 is dispensable for long-term maintenance in culture. (utexas.edu)
One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
Specifically, we study the genetic, epigenetic and metabolic control of pluripotent and adult stem cells, and the molecular circuitries governing the decision between self-renewal and commitment to differentiation, both in physiology and disease. (cnr.it)

These cells will be excellent for doing gene expression studies and biochemical and protein analyses. (sciencedaily.com)
These findings were important since they provide new insights as to how such regulatory elements find each other with great speed, selectivity and specificity to induce lineage specific patterns of gene expression both in embryonic stem cells and differentiated progeny. (ca.gov)
Specificity Comments: SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. (thermofisher.com)

These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
We combine these lines with a living toolkit to study stem cell lineages that relies on the generation of colourful (genetic) mosaics, and we named the toolkit Gaudi after the famous spanish architect. (uni-heidelberg.de)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)

These data indicate that the majority of the genome derived from that of human embryonic stem cells shows a similar pattern in chromatin folding as compared to that of iPS cells derived from human B cells but that they differ from each other in a subset of genomic regions. (ca.gov)
Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
Activin/nodal signaling and NANOG orchestrate human embryonic stem cell fate decisions by controlling the H3K4me3 chromatin mark. (ox.ac.uk)

In conclusion, we show that chondrocytic cells are able to transdifferentiate into other mesenchymal cells such as osteogenic and adipogenic cell types. (uni-luebeck.de)

Pluripotent stem cells have shown promise in treating a number of varying conditions, including but not limited to: spinal cord injuries, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease), AIDS, etc. (wikipedia.org)
If stem cells can be used to produce new and differentiated cells that are damaged because of disease (such as Parkinson's disease) or injury (e.g., spinal cord damage), it would transform regenerative medicine. (erlc.com)
Scientifically, for serious technical reasons - that of tumour formation and immune rejection - embryo stem cells are highly unlikely ever to be trialled in humans, while adult stem cells are already making dramatic advances in human trials even here in Australia - spinal injury (at Brisbane's Princess Alexandra Hospital), heart disease (Newcastle's John Hunter Institute), and in the months ahead, Parkinson's (Melbourne's Peter McCallum Institute). (catholicleader.com.au)
Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: What Next? (lu.se)

Using this type of direct conversion approach rather than making them from induced pluripotent stem cells, where they revert into a naïve state, helps to retain the epigenetic age of the patient in the generated interneurons. (lu.se)

In humans, mice and other mammals, the embryo is a ball of approximately 100 cells at this stage. (eurostemcell.org)
All humans start out as only one cell. (healthline.com)
My lab is interested in understanding stem cells, a fascinating type of cell that can self-renew and is responsible to generate once and again the cells that we humans (and most other animals) lose on daily basis - skin cells, blood cells, intestine cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

Adult stem cells don't present any ethical problems. (healthline.com)
Embryonic stem cell transplants have been an ethical, social, and legal controversy since the first successful transplant of human stem cells in 1998. (ipl.org)
The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), founded in 1986, and the World Marrow Donor Association (WMDA), founded in 1988, were established to (1) locate and secure appropriate unrelated-donor HSCT sources for patients by promoting volunteer donation of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells in the community and (2) promote ethical practices of sharing stem cell sources by need, rather than by geographic location of the donor. (medscape.com)

We are tackling functional heterogeneities on somatic stem cells by combining metabolic reporters in vivo with lineage progression. (uni-heidelberg.de)

This approach could become an alternative to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a method that is currently used to produce human stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The long term goal for this experiment was to do cell fusion in a way that would allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic cell," said Melton. (news-medical.net)
The nucleus of an adult somatic cell (such as a skin cell) is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg, which is then stimulated with electric current or chemicals to activate cell division. (who.int)

The realization that not all human embryonic stem cell lines are born equal is critical," Sun said. (sciencedaily.com)
If you're studying a disease found in a certain part of the brain, you should use a human embryonic stem cell line that produces the neurons from that region of the brain to get the most accurate results from your study. (sciencedaily.com)
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived MSCs are an alternative to adult MSCs that can circumvent issues regarding scalability and consistent quality due to their derivation from a renewable starting material. (nature.com)

In collaboration with mathematicians, we focus on how many stem cells and stem cell types are required to setting up a functional organ during embryogenesis and in an already developed organism. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
The idea to use transplants of dopa- ment of protocols that allow generation of fully functional mine-producing cells to substitute for the lost midbrain and safe midbrain dopamine neurons from stem cells. (lu.se)

Notch1 and Notch 2, but not Notch4, were visualized in the nucleus of EB cells, and all these receptors were also observed as patent cytoplasmic foci. (karger.com)

At a terminal differentiation stage, cells expressing an osteoblast-like phenotype appeared either by transdifferentiation from hypertrophic chondrocytes or directly from osteoblast precursor cells. (uni-luebeck.de)

Huntington's disease, for example, is a forebrain disease, so the neurons should be differentiated from a cell line that is biased to produce neurons from the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)
Sun said there are ways to prod an embryonic stem cell line biased to become neurons found in the rear brain to become neurons found in the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinases such as CDK2 that promote cell cycle progression are overactive, in part due to downregulation of their inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
By using a quantitative 4D analysis on the stem cells we aim at linking the metabolic state of a stem cell to its future clonal progression in its intact niche. (uni-heidelberg.de)

An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. (thermofisher.com)
The expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 was unchanged following stem cells differentiation into neurons and glia. (uea.ac.uk)
In contrast, while MMP-2 and TIMP-4 were localized to both stem and mature CNS cells, their levels of expression were substantially reduced in the latter. (uea.ac.uk)
TIMP-4 showed a 23-fold reduction in media conditioned by differentiated cells compared with stem cell-conditioned media, reflecting a 6-fold decrease in mRNA expression. (uea.ac.uk)

When the time was right, Sun's team added protein growth factors into the cell culture that stopped the neural stem cells from self-renewing and prodded them into differentiating into neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
The neurons could then be separated from the neural stem cells that had not yet differentiated, a sort of chemical round-up that isolated the neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
Various embryonic origins contribute to dermis at different regions of the body: dermis of the back skin - dorsal dermis - is derived from somitic dermatome, dermis of the ventral and flank regions is derived from lateral plate mesoderm and the head dermis originates from neural crest cells. (lifemapsc.com)
The presomitic paraxial mesoderm is located adjacent to the notochord and neural tube and constitutes a longitudinal column of cells on either side of the notochord . (lifemapsc.com)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

Cell Reports, Available online 14 November 2023. (lu.se)

Anatomy51

Organisms11

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment54

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science3

Mouse embryonic6

Germ cells2

Early embryonic development3

Asked about embryonic stem cel1

HESCs7

Embryos23

Potential of embryonic stem2

Differentiate17

Pluripotent stem cells de1

Supporting embryonic research1

Normal embryonic development2

Mammalian3

Research47

Progenitor5

Developmental7

Therapies5

Organs12

Development16

Genes15

Vitro4

Proliferative1

Biology1

Therapeutic3

Tissues9

Pluripotency7

Yolk sac1

Transplantation2

Scientists15

Abstract2

Embryoid Bodies1

Reprogram2

Tissue8

ESCs7

Maturation2

Researchers9

Self-renewal6

Gene expression3

Genetic5

Chromatin3

Mesenchymal cells1

Parkinson's4

Epigenetic1

Humans4

Ethical3

Lineage1

Somatic cell3

Human embr3

Embryogenesis1

Transplants2

Nucleus1

Precursor cells1

Forebrain2

Progression3

Expression4

Neural5

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