Cells and cytokines b cell activation factor receptor. Medical search. Frequent questions

The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. (hindawi.com)
Upon activation by its cytokine ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), this protein phosphorylates multiple intracellular proteins that play a role in in the proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of many cell types and thereby plays an important role in hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, melanogenesis, and in mast cell development, migration and function. (nih.gov)
Additionally, it has also been reported that IL-5 can stimulate the proliferation and/or differentiation of basophils and B cells. (rndsystems.com)
This molecule inhibits the proliferation of IL-5-dependent cell lines and blocks human umbilical cord blood eosinophil differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
And TGF-β, just going back to that, is specific to cellular function in terms of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation. (chiroeco.com)
Cell proliferation was measured and the linear portion of the curve was used to calculate the ED 50 . (cellsignal.com)
The bioactivity of recombinant mIL-11 was determined in a B9 cell proliferation assay. (cellsignal.com)
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) was initially cloned as a mediator of plasmacytoma cell proliferation and was later found to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects in neural cells as well as in the hematopoietic and immune systems (1). (cellsignal.com)
Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. (elifesciences.org)
reducing the proliferation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma and IL-17). (wakeup-world.com)
Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
and TNFR2, which signals cell proliferation, gene activation and apoptosis mainly in T cells. (biologists.com)
STAT5 plays crucial regulatory roles in cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, early B cell differentiation, and T cell development. (biolegend.com)
The proliferation of surviving IKK-positive cells may result in the production of the verrucous lesions seen in stage 2 of incontinentia pigmenti. (medscape.com)
4 Heterologous type I collagen (HTIC) has been shown to promote cell and fibroblast proliferation and improve cutaneous extracellular matrix metabolism. (jcadonline.com)
Shan J, Ma JM, Wang R, Liu QL, Fan Y. Proliferation and Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. (medscape.com)
Mastocytosis is mast cell proliferation with infiltration of skin or other tissues and organs. (msdmanuals.com)
Mast cell activation syndrome is increased and inappropriate activation of mast cells without clonal proliferation. (msdmanuals.com)
Mastocytosis is a group of disorders characterized by proliferation of mast cells and infiltration of the skin, other organs, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
The result is autophosphorylation of the receptor, which causes uncontrolled mast cell proliferation. (msdmanuals.com)

Mast cell-derived cytokines such as chemokine interleukin IL-8 are involved in recruitment of neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
Interleukin 5, produced primarily by activated T cells and mast cells, has diverse biological effects on a variety of cell types. (rndsystems.com)
These cells are fixed, permeabilized, and lyophilized PBMC that are either untreated or treated with stimulators [including phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-6]. (bdbiosciences.com)
IL-11 belongs to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type subfamily of long-chain helical cytokines, including IL-6, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin-1, which all share the glycoprotein gp130 as a signal transducing receptor component. (cellsignal.com)
This gene, together with those for interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), and CSF2, form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5. (antibodies-online.com)
Eady and Cove have suggested that increased permeability of the follicular wall secondary to the release of the proinflammatory and cell-differentiating cytokine interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) may be all that is necessary to initiate the intradermal inflammatory process that characterizes inflammatory lesions [ 4 ]. (escholarship.org)
Prevention was associated with the downregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-activating and Foxp3-counteracting interleukin-6 (IL-6), lower numbers of phospho-STAT3-containing lymphocytes, and higher Foxp3 + T-cell counts in the colon. (nature.com)
Several molecules expressed by macrophages and T cells including interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ, IL-10, and Foxp3 are critical for the intestinal balance between immune attack and tolerance. (nature.com)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
This role is partly mediated by CSS patients' T cells, which predominantly exhibit an activated Th2 phenotype, resulting in the secretion of high levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-5. (medscape.com)
Previously, we have shown in a mouse model that exposure to hog dust extract (HDE) collected from a CAFO results in the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), elevated lavage fluid cytokines/chemokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the development of significant lung pathology. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, alcohol inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the p38 ERK1/2 MAPK pathway [ 9 ]. (cdc.gov)
The panel makes a conditional recommendation for interleukin (IL)-6 receptor antagonist monoclonal antibody treatment and high-flow nasal oxygen or continuous positive airway pressure in patients with hypoxaemic respiratory failure. (bvsalud.org)

An alcohol-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the mouse brain is closely linked to neurodegeneration[ 4 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Activation of NF-kB prevents apoptosis in response to the tumor necrosis factor family of cytokines. (medscape.com)
Tumor necrosis factor receptor activation results in phosphorylation and inactivation of inhibitor kB by IKK, thus resulting in activation of NF-kB. (medscape.com)
Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 and elevated oxidative stress markers have been reported in a neonate with IP and encephalopathy. (medscape.com)
Oral lichen planus lesions contain increased levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. (medscape.com)

RIPK3 activation can also promote immune responses via production of cytokines and chemokines. (nih.gov)
Beta chemokines such as eotaxin and MIP-1 alpha have been implicated in the priming and activation of mast cells in the ocular surface. (wikipedia.org)

Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)
CVID is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which defects in B-cell survival, number of circulating Cd27+ memory B-cells, B-cell activation after antigen receptor cross-linking, T-cell signaling and cytokine expression have been observed. (lu.se)

During the progression of FJOA, these pro-inflammatory cytokines are considered to be key factors in promoting chondrocyte apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Caspase-3 is one of the most critical effector proteases in cell apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Among other results, they show that TNFR2-mediated apoptosis is blocked by caspase-8 inhibitors and depends on Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) but does not require simultaneous activation of TNFR1. (biologists.com)
Animal experiments demonstrated that fingolimod could reduce edema, cell apoptosis and cerebra atrophy and show neuroprotective function in ICH rats [ 8 ]. (karger.com)
Likewise, dexamethasone can reduce cerebral cell apoptosis and inhibit inflammation [ 10 ,] and deferoxamine (DFX) provides new therapy target [ 11 ]. (karger.com)
The importance of STAT activation to growth control in experiments using anti-sense molecules or dominant negative STAT protein encoding constructs performed in cell lines or studies in animals lacking specific STATs strongly indicate that STATs play an important role in controlling cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
while Stats 3 and 5 are involved in promoting cell cycle progression and cellular transformation and preventing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
CD44v7 on T cells was proposed to promote colitis by preventing T-cell apoptosis. (nature.com)
Cells that retain IKK activity may produce additional cytokines that trigger apoptosis in neighboring IKK-deficient cells, thus creating an amplification loop that eventually results in the death of all of the IKK-deficient cells. (medscape.com)
This and other factors-for example, eosinophil-apoptosis impairment through high levels of soluble CD95-might account for the persistent eosinophilia in active CSS. (medscape.com)
After antigen recognition and activation, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells may trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)

Both vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are chronic allergic diseases wherein eosinophils, conjunctival fibroblasts, epithelial cells, mast cells, and TH2 lymphocytes aggravate the biochemistry and histology of the conjunctiva. (wikipedia.org)
In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
their biopsies demonstrate T lymphocytes to be the predominant cells in early inflammatory lesions [ 5 ]. (escholarship.org)
Whether neutrophils or lymphocytes are first at the lesion site, evidence suggests that both immune cells are involved in the immunopathophysiology of acne. (escholarship.org)
Th1-type lymphocytes that secrete cytokines, such as interferon-gamma and soluble IL-2 receptor, are possible inducers of granuloma formation. (medscape.com)
Most T cells in the epithelium and adjacent to the damaged basal keratinocytes are activated CD8 + lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Activated CD8 + T cells (and possibly keratinocytes) may release cytokines that attract additional lymphocytes into the developing lesion. (medscape.com)

It is presently unknown whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ activation prevents inflammation in adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mast cell intermediaries cause an allergic inflammation and symptoms through the activation of inflammatory cells. (wikipedia.org)
Purpose of the study: Workers in enclosed hogbarns experience an increased incidence of airway inflammation and obstructive lung disease, and an aqueous hogbarn dust extract (HDE) induces multiple inflammation-related responses in cultured airway epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. (hindawi.com)
Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, smoking, and aging promote vascular inflammation and endothelial activation [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Peripheral lung inflammation may cause a "spill-over" of cytokines, such as interlukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, into the systemic circulation, which may increase acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP). (ersjournals.com)
Initiation of coagulation and the production of thrombin promote both clot formation and inflammation, through interaction with protease-activated receptors (PARs) on white blood cells (WBC). (vin.com)
DIC develops when the inflammation and coagulation axis is not balanced by anticoagulant or anti-inflammatory factors. (vin.com)
Changes in endothelial cell topography induced by systemic inflammation can promote a procoagulant phenotype that can drive DIC. (vin.com)
Internal factors like stress, malnourishment, and inflammation can impair the skin's growth, maintenance, and ability to combat external factors. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
Alcohol-mediated activation of inflammation signaling pathways can increase tumorigenesis in mice[ 3 ]. (wjgnet.com)
The inflammation, thrombin activation, and erythrocyte lysis caused by primary injury could promote the formation of brain edema, which is associated with poor outcome, and could cause more severe and durable injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
Inflammation is well established as one of the four pathophysiologic factors in the development of acne vulgaris. (escholarship.org)
Kligman and others believed that neutrophils were the first immune cells involved in the follicular inflammation, and for many years neutrophils along with the pathogen Propionibacterium acnes ( P. acnes ) were regarded as the fundamental instigators of the inflammation in acne [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] More recent research refines our understanding of the pathophysiology of acne vulgaris and suggests a more complex pathophysiology than previously suspected. (escholarship.org)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
4] After allergen exposure, that produced exceptionally large quantities of airway inflammation is orchestrated mainly by cytokine IL-9. (cdc.gov)
Autopsy revealed necrotizing vasculitis involving pericardial and intramyocardial vessels, as well as eosinophilic and giant cell inflammation of the heart and lungs, supporting the diagnosis of CSS. (medscape.com)

Incubation of recombinant eppin with monocytic cells resulted in significant inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chemokine production. (qub.ac.uk)
Eotaxin-3, a chemokine highly secreted by endothelial and inflammatory cells in CSS patients' damaged tissues, seems to directly target eosinophils toward affected tissues. (medscape.com)

In the case of IL-5, the beta subunit is shared with the high affinity receptor complexes for IL-3 and GM-CSF. (rndsystems.com)
The receptor of this cytokine is a heterodimer, whose beta subunit is shared with the receptors for interleukine 3 (IL3) and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF). (antibodies-online.com)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and activation has been identified as one important mediator of inflammatory cytokine release from these cells. (cdc.gov)
Humans with variants of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes show increased susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease[ 2 ]. (wjgnet.com)

The symptoms are due to release of histamine and other active substances by mast cells, which stimulate dilation of blood vessels, irritate nerve endings, and increase secretion of tears. (wikipedia.org)
However, upregulated expression and secretion of eppin was observed following treatment of monocytes with epidermal growth factor (EGF). (qub.ac.uk)
This new information has helped us discover that vitamin D also influences the immune system and helps differentiate cells, regulate blood pressure, insulin secretion and more. (wakeup-world.com)
Pathophysiologically, asthma exert different effects at different concentrations, can is characterized by constriction of airway smooth synergize or antagonize the effects of other cytokines muscle, hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway and regulated in a complex manner and function via hyper responsiveness (AHR),[3] mucus secretion and cytokine cascade. (cdc.gov)

As is the case with many other cytokines, the functional high-affinity receptor for IL-5 is a complex consisting of a ligand binding subunit ( alpha chain) and a second subunit ( beta chain) that can modulate the ligand binding affinity of the receptor complex. (rndsystems.com)
In normal cells and in animals, ligand dependent activation of the STATs is a transient process, lasting for several minutes to several hours. (nih.gov)
Accordingly, the CD44v7 ligand osteopontin, whose levels were elevated in Crohn's disease, specifically induced IL-6 in human monocytes, a cytokine also increased in these patients. (nature.com)

Antihistamines, medications that stabilize mast cells, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are generally safe and usually effective. (wikipedia.org)
In health, the procoagulant and proinflammatory actions of coagulation are balanced by endogenous anticoagulant factors that limit the effects of the coagulation cascade and can be anti-inflammatory as well. (vin.com)
Recent basic and clinical research has revealed that hydrogen is an important physiological regulatory factor with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic protective effects on cells and organs. (researchgate.net)
It is also known that alcohol, at least in part, exerts its anti-inflammatory response via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis pathway resulting in increases of glucocorticoids [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

One family of cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) named as Toll-like receptors TLRs recognize PAMPs through an extracellular domain and initiate inflammatory signaling pathways through an intracellular domain. (frontiersin.org)
Methods Pathways governing airway mucus cell differentiation include SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Notch, forkhead box A3(FOXA3)/SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the EGF-related neuregulins NRG1α and NRG1β. (bmj.com)
In this work, pathways governing mucus cell differentiation were investigated in lung tissues from patients with IPF and other chronic pulmonary disorders. (bmj.com)
Imatinib did not activate stressor cytokine-signaling pathways (p38 kinase, nuclear factor-kB nuclear translocation) or affect COX-1 expression. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Next, the results of cell-cell communication analysis suggested that pericytes interact with broad immune cells via MDK-NCL pathways in metastasis samples, MIF-(CD74+CXCR4) and MIF-(CD74+CC44) interaction especially occurred between different cell types in tumor and normal samples. (aging-us.com)

Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is defined by activation of the kinase RIPK3 and subsequent cell membrane permeabilization by the effector MLKL. (nih.gov)
CAR T-cell therapies are limited by the potential to cause life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). (ajmc.com)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)

Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. (hindawi.com)
WBC PAR activation stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production. (vin.com)
WBC) and proinflammatory cytokines in All PCs were obtained from healthy volc the supernatant of platelet concentrates unteer donors by apheresis (CSc3000 Plus, [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)

Biphasic changes in airway epithelial cell EGF receptor binding and phosphorylation induced by components of hogbarn dust. (cdc.gov)
HDE stimulated EGFR phosphorylation at both 15 min and 18 hr in BEAS-2B cells and primary cells, but only at 15 min in H292 cells, indicating that the different EGFR binding changes among these cell types is likely related to their different time-dependent changes in phosphorylation. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: These studies extend the evidence for EGFRs as important cellular targets for components of HDE and they reveal novel patterns of EGFR phosphorylation and binding changes that vary among airway epithelial cell types. (cdc.gov)
These proteins are latent in the cytoplasm and become activated through tyrosine phosphorylation which typically occurs through cytokine receptor associated kinases (JAKs) or growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. (nih.gov)
Recently a number of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (for example src and abl) have been found to cause STAT phosphorylation. (nih.gov)

Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)

[ 8 ] T cells in oral lichen planus contain mRNA for TNF and secrete TNF in vitro. (medscape.com)

COX-2 induction by imatinib was initiated through epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase activation and downstream signaling through mitogenic-activated protein kinase. (oldcitypublishing.com)

TH2 cytokines such as IL-5 recruit eosinophils and IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13, which promote increased sensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils. (antibodies-online.com)
Activation of eosinophils with subsequent release of cellular proteases may trigger the development of the vesicular stage of incontinentia pigmenti. (medscape.com)

As noted, Kligman and subsequent researchers suggest that neutrophils are the first immune cells in acne lesions [ 1 , 2 ]. (escholarship.org)
While macrophages were reported to act as one of the cells in LUAD, enrichment analysis of macrophage marker genes revealed the important role of macrophages in the activation of neutrophils. (aging-us.com)

The continued translation of cytokines by cellular corpses contributes to necroptotic cell uptake by innate immune cells and priming of adaptive immune responses to antigens associated with necroptotic corpses. (nih.gov)
The process for administering CAR T-cell therapy is complex, with multiple steps including CAR T-cell manufacturing, lymphodepleting chemotherapy, cellular therapy infusion, and management of short-term and long-term toxicities. (ajmc.com)
2,3 Cellular therapy centers, manufacturers, payers, and policy makers will need to work together to address barriers to care as new CAR T-cell products with improved efficacy and tolerability are approved for use in more diverse malignancies. (ajmc.com)
Its clinical activity and minimal toxicity are related to specific inhibition of cellular targets including BCR-ABL, platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-kit kinases, resulting in the collapse of downstream signaling cascades important for transformation. (oldcitypublishing.com)
Registration is open for our 2024 Journal Meeting Diversity and Evolution in Cell Biology, which aims to bring together evolutionary biologists and cell biologists investigating diverse aspects of cellular physiology. (biologists.com)
In contrast, in many cancerous cell lines and tumors, where growth factor dysregulation is frequently at the heart of cellular transformation, the STAT proteins (in particular Stats 1, 3 and 5) are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated or activated. (nih.gov)

This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. (nih.gov)
Mutations in this gene are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, mast cell disease, acute myelogenous leukemia, and piebaldism. (nih.gov)
Despite this prototypical TCR repertoire gene usage, in recent years it has become apparent that there are variations within the iNKT cell repertoire that ultimately impact the antigen recognition capacity and consequently the functional outcomes during an immune response. (elifesciences.org)
In nucleated cells, BAD is an important target gene downstream of Akt [ 9 ] and belongs to the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins. (researchsquare.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)
In addition, mice in which the receptor gene for TNFα has been knocked out are resistant to alcohol-induced liver injury[ 5 ]. (wjgnet.com)
Etiology in many cases of mastocytosis involves an activating mutation (D816V) in the gene coding for the stem cell factor receptor c-kit, which is present on mast cells. (msdmanuals.com)

A novel human anti-AXL monoclonal antibody attenuates tumour cell migration. (cancerindex.org)
AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
1 ]. Interleukinc8 (ILc8) and tumour necroc ing PCs prepared from apheresis of single sis factor alfa (TNF-) are some of the donors or from pooled samples, is not still cytokines responsible for NHFR [ 2 ]. (who.int)

IL-11 acts on cells expressing gp130 and the IL-11 receptor (IL-11R) α subunit. (cellsignal.com)
NEMO/IKK -gamma is the regulatory subunit of the inhibitor kappa kinase (IKK) complex and is required for the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB (NF-kB). (medscape.com)

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS- First, we examined whether the PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Human IL-5 is a potent eosinophil differentiation and activation factor in vivo and in vitro . (rndsystems.com)
The authors sought to identify mechanisms driving the differentiation of mucus cells during the bronchiolisation process. (bmj.com)
Neuregulin1α, which drives mucus cell differentiation in vitro, was expressed in normal airway submucosal glands and in lungs from patients with IPF. (bmj.com)
Activation of abnormal respiratory epithelial differentiation programs may contribute to the expression of MUC5B and bronchiolisation of the distal lung, a salient feature of IPF. (bmj.com)
Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

There are three main subtypes of NSCLC which are adenocarcinoma (~40% of cases), squamous cell carcinoma (~25-30% of cases), and large-cell carcinoma (~10-15% of cases). (hindawi.com)
Younes F, Quartey EL, Kiguwa S, Partridge M. Expression of TNF and the 55-kDa TNF receptor in epidermis, oral mucosa, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)

Although total EGFR immunoreactivity decreased markedly at 18 hr in confocal microscopy with BEAS-2B cells, immunoblots showed no loss of EGFR protein. (cdc.gov)
Human and mouse IL-5 R alpha are both members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily characterized by the presence of the WSXWS, and a four cysteine residue motif in the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein. (rndsystems.com)
In addition to the cDNA clone encoding the full-length transmembrane protein, cDNA clones that arise from alternative splicing and that encode soluble secreted forms of IL-5 R alpha have been isolated from mouse as well as human cells. (rndsystems.com)
Today's webinar, "Breakthrough in Stem Cell Activation: The First Oral Protein Complex for Tissue Regeneration. (chiroeco.com)
Really excited today to talk about breakthrough in stem cell activation through an oral protein complex. (chiroeco.com)
Serial dilutions of Mouse IL-11 Recombinant Protein were added to B9 cells. (cellsignal.com)
Activation of P2Y12 receptor first phosphorylates BAD through the PI3K Akt pathway, and the liquid acidified BAD binds to 14-3-3 protein to separate BAD from BAD Bcl-XL complex, thus releasing free Bcl-XL. (researchsquare.com)

The interaction between the GM and intrahepatic immune microenvironment is regulated and stabilized by a complex network of factors including IAg, immune cells, and cytokines. (frontiersin.org)
In the liver, cell types such as hepatocytes, immune cells, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) interact with each other. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast to CD44s, the CD44 isoforms containing variable regions are expressed only in distinct epithelial cell types (e.g., keratinocytes), activated immune cells, and several types of cancers. (nature.com)
Firstly, the transcriptome landscape of heterogeneous cell types in LUAD was analyzed and memory T cells, NK cells, and helper T cells were revealed to be the common immune cells in tumor, normal, and metastasis tissue, respectively. (aging-us.com)
Plenty of research had reported that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) impacts cancer progression and metastases, as well as affects patient prognoses and outcomes [ 6 , 7 ], which emphasizes the important role of immune cells, vital components of the tumor microenvironment, impacting on patient survival and tumor progression [ 8 , 9 ]. (aging-us.com)
Although several studies revealed the important role of immune cells and related marker genes impact on LUAD prognosis and process, a comprehensive understanding of TIME malignant and metastatic change in LUAD is still limited. (aging-us.com)
This project will grow brain immune cells call microglia from blood cells of people with ALS. (cdc.gov)

Intestinal antigens (IAg) (originating either from pathogenic microorganisms or from food) that enter the portal circulation, are captured by intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and hence the activation of the adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
The field of Lymphocyte Surface Antigens and Activation Mechanisms is examined in two chapters. (scielo.br)
This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
Subsequent in vitro studies have demonstrated that antigens from P. acnes can stimulate the development of subclasses of T cells [ 6 ]. (escholarship.org)

Untreated (dashed line histogram) or treated (solid line histogram) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the BD Phosflow™ T Cell Kit Lyophilized Cells (Catalog No. 560760) were reconstituted in BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were either left unstimulated (unshaded) or stimulated (shaded) with 100 ng/ml (final concentration) BD Pharmingen™ Recombinant Human IFNγ (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were treated with (left), or without (right) recombinant human IL-2 for 15 minutes, fixed with Fixation Buffer (Cat. (biolegend.com)

2) a more complete definition of the sets of genes which are activated by different STATs and (3) how these sets of activated genes differ as a function of cell type. (nih.gov)

Recent progress in the study of innate immunity identifies two key factors relevant to acne: β defensins and toll-like receptors (TLRs). (escholarship.org)

Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs) bind to and activate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, causing the thyroid gland to grow and the thyroid follicles to increase synthesis of thyroid hormone. (medscape.com)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

For these short fibers, which can be fully engulfed by lung cells and do not dissolve in airway fluids in less than a few weeks, their clearance will be similar to other mineral and vitreous particles. (cdc.gov)
Conclusion Expression of SOX2 and MUC5B and lack of SPDEF in atypically differentiated cells of bronchiolised distal airspaces are consistent with abnormal programming of airway epithelial cells in IPF. (bmj.com)
Modulating the cytokine network in thickening of the basement membrane underlying the respiratory diseases such as asthma, with expected airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Because alcohol blocks airway epithelial cell release of IL-6 in vitro , we hypothesized that alcohol exposure would alter mouse lung inflammatory responses to HDE. (cdc.gov)

A naturally-occurring soluble form of the IL-5 R alpha has been detected in biological fluids of autoimmune-prone mice and mice bearing chronic B cell leukemia (BCL 1 ). (rndsystems.com)
A recombinant human IL-5 soluble receptor alpha has been shown to bind the human IL-5 dimer in a 1:1 ratio and acts as a human -IL-5 antagonist. (rndsystems.com)
The inflammatory process which results in acne lesions is complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and many soluble mediators. (escholarship.org)

As a consequence of gp130 activation, several cytoplasmic signal transduction cascades are initiated from the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) pathway, which has attracted considerable attention. (cellsignal.com)
AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is commonly overexpressed in several solid tumours and numerous hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphocytic leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and multiple myeloma. (cancerindex.org)

Upon activation, STAT5 is phosphorylated by receptor tyrosine kinases and, in turn, forms homodimers or hererodimers with other family members through its SH2 domains. (biolegend.com)

Expression of eppin in monocytic cells was unaffected by stimulation with TLR agonists, cytokine stimulation and hormone receptor agonist stimulation. (qub.ac.uk)
Importantly, stimulation of T cells by Cd44v7- deficient macrophages induced upregulation of Foxp3 in vitro , while cotransfer of Cd44 WT macrophages into Cd44v7- deficient mice reduced Foxp3 + T-cell counts and caused colitis. (nature.com)
Eosinophil activation in CSS requires specific cytokine stimulation. (medscape.com)

Then, mast cells release histamine, which then leads to the release of cytokines, prostaglandins, and platelet-activating factor. (wikipedia.org)
When histamine is released from mast cells, it binds to H1 receptors on nerve endings and causes the ocular symptom of itching. (wikipedia.org)
Histamine also binds to H1 and H2 receptors of the conjunctival vasculature and causes vasodilatation. (wikipedia.org)
Pathology results mainly from release of mast cell mediators, including histamine, heparin , leukotrienes, and various inflammatory cytokines. (msdmanuals.com)

Various immune factors, including both innate and adaptive immune responses, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory acne. (escholarship.org)

However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)

Current therapies for comorbid diseases, such as statins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-agonists, may provide unexpected benefits for COPD patients. (ersjournals.com)

There are two main subcategories of lung cancer: nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (hindawi.com)
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and accounts for approximately 40% of all lung cancer cases. (aging-us.com)

Several mechanisms to date have been investigated to explain melanocyte destruction, including genetic and autoimmune factors, oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, and melanocyte detachment mechanisms. (jcadonline.com)

These findings imply that cell death and production of inflammatory mediators are coordinated to optimize the immunogenicity of necroptotic cells. (nih.gov)

OBJECTIVE- Chronic activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in white adipose tissue leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in the development of insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Sensing of the presence of microbes or their factors in the cytosol is mediated by NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and leads to signaling cascades that mediate the production of inflammatory cytokines, recruitment of phagocytic cells and control of the acquired immune response. (frontiersin.org)
Initiation of the Jak/Stat pathway in response to IL-11 requires Jak1 and leads predominantly to the activation of Stat3 (3,4). (cellsignal.com)

Nonoxidized LDL have a low affinity for macrophages, so they are not themselves a risk factor. (hindawi.com)
Here, macrophages and T cells accumulate in the lamina propria of the intestinal tract, activate each other, destroy the regular architecture of the gut wall, and disturb the intestinal function. (nature.com)
The dense sub-epithelial mononuclear infiltrate in oral lichen planus is composed of T cells and macrophages, and there are increased numbers of intra-epithelial T cells. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, eppin inhibited LPSinduced NF-κB activation by a mechanism which involved accumulation of phosphorylated IκBα. (qub.ac.uk)
The study found significant cytokine accumulation during 5 days of storage time in leukocyte contaminated platelet concentrates, suggesting that the platelet storage time has an effect on IL-2R levels. (who.int)
We undertook this study to investigate receptor (IL-2R) accumulation is related to whether the cytokine accumulation in PCs the leukocyte content of the platelet comc obtained from single apheresis donors was ponent and can be reduced by prestorage beyond the acceptable limits of WBC conc leukocyte depletion [ 3 ]. (who.int)

This cytokine, IL4, and IL13 are found to be regulated coordinately by long-range regulatory elements spread over 120 kilobases on chromosome 5q31. (antibodies-online.com)

TH2 differentiated T cells release cytokines, which promote the production of antigen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). (wikipedia.org)

Substances that have no effect when inhaled precise role of each cytokine remains to be determined. (cdc.gov)

Anti-HIV-1 T cell responses are evaded by continuous mutation of the virus. (scielo.br)

This cytokine is a main regulator of eosinopoiesis, eosinophil maturation and activation. (antibodies-online.com)
IL-5 is particularly essential for eosinophil activation, maturation, and survival. (medscape.com)

Functionally, the skin provides a barrier from exogenous factors, maintains body temperature, and prevents water loss. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
It has been suggested that cytokine acc leukoreduction prevents transmission of cyc cumulation in plasma of platelet concenc tomegalovirus and decreases alloimmunizac trates (PC) during storage may contribute tion to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), it to development of nonchaemolytic febrile does not prevent allergic reactions. (who.int)

And it also has really key growth factors. (chiroeco.com)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (also known as CD152) is a major negative regulator of T cell responses which interacts with the B7-1 (CD80) / B7-2 (CD86) ligands on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. (scielo.br)
Introduction tions of T-cell derived IL-2R are increased in mixed lymphocyte cultures. (who.int)

How active cytokine production is coordinated with the terminal process of necroptosis is unclear. (nih.gov)
Here, we report that cytokine production continues within necroptotic cells even after they have lost cell membrane integrity and irreversibly committed to death. (nih.gov)
This continued cytokine production is dependent on mRNA translation and requires maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum integrity that remains after plasma membrane integrity is lost. (nih.gov)
The elevated production of this cytokine is reported to be related to asthma or hypereosinophilic syndromes. (antibodies-online.com)
5 Rapid cell production and turnover requires consistent and sufficient nutrients for healthy growth and function. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
The peripheral eosinophilia seen in the early stages of incontinentia pigmenti may result from the production of eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective cytokine, during the inflammatory cascade that results from a loss of NEMO/IKK -gamma activity. (medscape.com)

IPF mucus cells expressed MUC5B but low levels of MUC5AC and MUC2, a profile typical of submucosal glands. (bmj.com)
Singularly, SPDEF, a transcription factor associated with mucus metaplasia, was rarely detected in mucus cells in IPF. (bmj.com)
The Notch target, HES1, was present in mucus cells from all groups. (bmj.com)
Mucus cells lining abnormal airways from patients with IPF expressed MUC5B and SOX2 but lacked SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and forkhead box A3(FOXA3). (bmj.com)

Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
The potential therapeutic applications emerging from the roles of these cytokines will be discussed as well. (cdc.gov)

Imatinib failed to activate EGF receptor signals in other tumor types, suggesting that COX-2 induction in imatinib-treated cells is mediated through release of autocrine factors expressed or activated in squamous tumors. (oldcitypublishing.com)

Anatomy5

Organisms1

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes5

Information Science2

Proliferation21

Interleukin13

Tumor necros5

Chemokines2

Antigen receptor5

Apoptosis11

Lymphocytes8

Inflammation18

Chemokine2

Beta subunit is shared2

Inflammatory cytokine2

Secretion4

Ligand3

Anti-inflammatory4

Pathways5

Effector3

Proinflammatory3

Phosphorylation5

Humans4

Secrete1

Epidermal1

Eosinophils3

Neutrophils2

Cellular6

Gene7

Tumour3

Subunit2

Lipopolysaccharide1

Differentiation5

Squamous cell carc2

Protein7

Immune cells7

Antigens4

Mononuclear cells3

Genes1

TLRs1

Synthesis2

Airway4

Soluble3

Kinase2

Tyrosine1

Stimulation3

Histamine4

Innate and adaptive immune1

Helper T cel2

Peroxisome1

Lung2

Oxidative stress1

Mediators1

Leads3

Macrophages3

Accumulation3

Chromosome1

Immunoglobulin1

Substances1

Mutation1

Maturation2

Prevents2

Growth factors1

Lymphocyte2

Production6

Mucus4

Therapeutic2

Release1