Cells against dna damage. Medical search. Frequent questions

The growth defect and the hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents of mdo1-1 were enhanced significantly when combined with a lesion of the ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) gene, but not of the ATM/RAD3-RELATED (ATR) gene, suggesting that the function of the MDO1 gene is closely related to that of ATM kinase. (nih.gov)
In support of this notion, cells lacking a functional BRCA2 gene show hypersensitivity to DNA damaging agents such as mitomycin C (MMC) and sensitivity to chemicals such as methyl methane sulfonate [ 10 ]. (ijbs.com)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible to oxidative damage than nuclear DNA. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Although both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage can contribute to aging, nuclear DNA is the main subject of this analysis. (wikipedia.org)
Limited mitochondrial permeabilization causes DNA damage and genomic instability in the absence of cell death. (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) has historically been thought to occur synchronously and completely throughout a cell , leading to rapid caspase activation and apoptosis . (bvsalud.org)
Objective To determine the extent of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients compared to healthy subjects and to determine the factors CNX-2006 CNX-2006 associated with mtDNA damage among SLE patients. (globaltechbiz.com)
Recent study at IMBB, published in Cell Death and Disease revealed that CISD-1, an iron sulfur cluster binding protein implicated in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome type 2, modulates longevity and proteostasis by engaging autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway. (forth.gr)
Damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) initiates and spreads Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology, potentially opening new avenues for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and drug development. (medscape.com)
Looking ahead, they plan to investigate how mtDNA damage can serve as a predictive marker for different disease stages and progression and to explore potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring normal mitochondrial function to rectify the mitochondrial dysfunctions implicated in PD. (medscape.com)
He noted that the authors identified several proteins as facilitating the neurodegeneration that is wrought by damaged mitochondrial DNA. (medscape.com)
However, he said that "while very interesting findings, this is really the first effort that demonstrates how damaged mitochondrial DNA may contribute to neurodegeneration in the context of PD and PD dementia. (medscape.com)
In this study, side-by-side comparisons show that provision of CD137 costimulation in-cis with regard to the TCR-CD3-ligating cell is superior to that provided in-trans in terms of T cell activation, proliferation, survival, cytokine secretion and mitochondrial fitness in mouse and human. (lu.se)

When its DNA is damaged, a cell activates genes to repair the lesion and slows down the transcription of many others. (the-scientist.com)
Materials and Methods: Digital RNA quantification (Nanostring) of previously curated 188 B-cell lymphoma specimens across four subtypes, follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL-NOS), primary testicular lymphoma (PTL), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), was reanalyzed with focus on TBL1XR1 and NCOR1 expression, juxtaposing them with 730 ontogenically linked genes. (iiarjournals.org)
Importantly, TBL1XR1's pronounced association with several DNA Damage repair (DDR) genes was noted suggesting influence on DNA repair. (iiarjournals.org)
The TBL1XR1-DDR genes connection offers insights into potential DNA repair roles, paving avenues for innovative therapies in B-cell lymphomas. (iiarjournals.org)
UV rays can damage the DNA inside skin cells and cause changes in genes. (cancer.org)
DNA is the chemical in each of our cells that makes up our genes , which control how our cells function. (cancer.org)
Some genes help control when our cells grow, divide into new cells, repair mistakes in DNA, or cause cells to die when they're supposed to. (cancer.org)
If these genes aren't working properly, it can lead to cells growing out of control. (cancer.org)
Changes in genes that normally help cells grow, divide, or stay alive can lead to these genes being more active than they should be, causing them to become oncogenes . (cancer.org)
These genes can result in cells growing out of control. (cancer.org)
Genes that normally help keep cell division under control or cause cells to die at the right time are known as tumor suppressor genes . (cancer.org)
Some genes normally help repair mistakes in a cell's DNA. (cancer.org)
Changes that turn off these DNA repair genes can result in the buildup of DNA changes within a cell, which might lead to them growing out of control. (cancer.org)
Researchers don't yet know all of the DNA changes that result in basal or squamous cell skin cancer, but they have found that in many skin cancers the cells have changes in tumor suppressor genes or DNA repair genes. (cancer.org)
Human population studies show that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, causing up-regulation of their expression, correlate with increases in longevity. (wikipedia.org)
To construct a prognostic signature composed of DNA repair genes to effectively predict the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (frontiersin.org)
In the training set, 13 DNA repair genes were screened using univariate proportional hazard (Cox) regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to construct a risk model, which was validated in the testing set. (frontiersin.org)
DNA damage affects the expression of a variety of genes, including proto-oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes. (frontiersin.org)
Several DNA repair genes have been confirmed to play an important role in the development and prognosis of HNSCC ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Hence, constructing a risk model composed of DNA repair genes may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with HNSCC. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, we aimed to establish a prognostic prediction model for HNSCC based on DNA repair genes. (frontiersin.org)
The results showed that the risk model composed of DNA repair genes could effectively distinguish patients with different clinical outcomes and has independent predictive prognostic ability. (frontiersin.org)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)

We recently discovered that cancer cells commonly depend on aberrant activation of two major genome maintenance pathways (Trans-Lesion Synthesis or TLS, and Homologous Recombination or HR) for DNA damage tolerance. (nih.gov)
Mouse models of nucleotide-excision-repair syndromes reveal a striking correlation between the degree to which specific DNA repair pathways are compromised and the severity of accelerated aging, strongly suggesting a causal relationship. (wikipedia.org)
Cells maintain genome integrity by having various pathways to repair DSBs. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
The NHEJ pathway, which repairs double-strand breaks in DNA, is one of the major pathways in tumor cells that respond to radiation treatment and chemotherapeutic agents. (sciencedaily.com)
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes to liver functions, its cellular morphology and selected gene expressions involved in apoptosis and DNA inhibition pathways following chronic low dose organic arsenic exposure. (iium.edu.my)
Overall, our results provide novel insight into the response to DNA replication stress, as well as a rationale for targeting the ATR, CHK1, and WEE1 pathways, in Ewing sarcoma tumors. (figshare.com)
These outcomes correlated with nFe2O3 dissolution, increased intracellular iron, and genotoxicity, as well as significant changes in pathways related to DNA damage repair and autophagic processes. (cdc.gov)
Overall, our results indicated potential carcinogenic risk of nFe2O3 associated with particle dissolution, iron homeostasis disruption, and changes in autophagy and DNA damage repair pathways, which were reduced with an amorphous silica surface coating. (cdc.gov)
They also identified mtDNA deletions in a "hotspot" in complex I respiratory chain subunits that were associated with dysregulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage response pathways in cohorts with sporadic PD and PDD. (medscape.com)
Further study revealed that the mechanism through which damaged mtDNA causes pathology in healthy neurons involves dual activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and 4 pathways, leading to increased oxidative stress and neuronal cell death, respectively. (medscape.com)

UV irradiation induces a non-coding RNA that functionally opposes the protein encoded by the same gene," Cell , doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.019, 2017. (the-scientist.com)
Last year, Svejstrup and colleagues identified factors associated with transcription-related changes after UV-induced DNA damage, including the transcription of ASCC3 , which encodes a protein involved in regulating gene expression ( Cell Rep , 15:1597-1610, 2016). (the-scientist.com)
Denne protokol beskriver en metode til at visualisere en DNA-dobbeltstrenget brud signalering protein aktiveres som reaktion på DNA-skade såvel som dens lokalisering under mitose. (jove.com)
If a cell retains DNA damage, transcription of a gene can be prevented and thus translation into a protein will also be blocked. (wikipedia.org)
Laser microirradiation is used to mimic the DSBs in cells and measure the recruitment of green flurecent protein-labeled MSH2 (GFP-MSH2) or EXO1 (GFP-EXO1) to the DNA damage site (indicated by the red line) under a confocal microscope. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Specifically, it was revealed that MSH2-MSH3, a DNA mismatch repair protein, actually plays a crucial role in the DSB repair process. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Using a clinically guided genetic screening approach, researchers identified a non-coding RNA that is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells and regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 and the activated cell surface protein, EGFR. (sciencedaily.com)
This lncRNA is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells and regulated by the tumor suppressor p53 and the activated cell surface protein, EGFR. (sciencedaily.com)
The human BRCA2 gene encodes a nuclear protein of 3,418 amino acids [ 5 ], and is believed to play a pivotal role in DNA damage repair [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
The BRCA2 protein has been shown to bind to RAD51, the mammalian homolog of the RecA recombinase [ 6 - 9 ], and thus is believed to be involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
Collagen is the essential protein used to repair damaged tissue and to replace old tissue. (nutrimedical.com)
Without vigilant repair, cancer would run rampant, and now scientists at the University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University have gotten a glimpse of how one protein in particular keeps DNA damage in check. (cmu.edu)
According to a study published today in Nature Structural and Molecular Biology , a protein called UV-DDB - which stands for ultraviolet-damaged DNA-binding - is useful beyond safeguarding against the sun. (cmu.edu)
Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, causes DNA replication stress and activates the ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related protein (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) pathway. (figshare.com)
The RECQL4 protein helps stabilize genetic information in the body's cells and plays a role in replicating and repairing DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the RECQL4 gene prevent cells from producing any RECQL4 protein or change the way the protein is pieced together, which disrupts its usual function. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of this protein may prevent normal DNA replication and repair, causing widespread damage to a person's genetic information over time. (medlineplus.gov)
MMC significantly blocked TGFβ-induced cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation in cultured quiescent keratocytes and altered the transcriptional regulation of macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). (molvis.org)
Our proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles containing damaged mtDNA identified the TLR4 activator, ribosomal protein S3, as a key protein involved in recognizing and extruding damaged mtDNA," the investigators write. (medscape.com)

Together they inflicted oxidative damage to the chromosomes' protective endcaps - called telomeres. (cmu.edu)
They showed that lack of neuronal IFNβ signaling leads to oxidative damage and mutations in mtDNA in neurons, which are subsequently released outside the neurons. (medscape.com)

We also measured 8-nitroguanine formation as an indicator of inflammation-related DNA lesions. (hindawi.com)
In conclusion, CD44v6 and ALDH1A1 are candidate stem cell markers for NPC, and the increased formation of DNA lesions by inflammation may result in the mutation of stem cells, leading to tumor development in NPC. (hindawi.com)
DNA lesions such as 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxodG with mutagenic properties occur in several types of inflammation-related cancer tissues [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
In estimates made for mice, DNA lesions occur on average 25 to 115 times per minute in each cell, or about 36,000 to 160,000 per cell per day. (wikipedia.org)
We have investigated the DNA lesions responsible for toxicity. (open.ac.uk)
These lesions are detectable in DNA from S 4 TdR/UVA-treated cells and are excised from DNA more efficiently by keratinocytes than by leukaemia cells. (open.ac.uk)
Cells defective in repairing (6-4) Py:Py DNA adducts or processing DNA crosslinks are extremely sensitive to S 4 TdR/UVA indicating that these lesions contribute significantly to S 4 TdR/UVA cytotoxicity. (open.ac.uk)
Nonetheless, some exogenous or endogenous chemical or physical agents may change this well-functioning scenario, provoking the formation of deleterious lesions that, if left unrepaired, threaten cell integrity. (mdpi.com)
The published original articles or reviews will open new paths toward the understanding of the generation and repair of DNA lesions, thus making it possible to advance knowledge of the processes that are at the origin of tumorigenesis. (mdpi.com)
SLE patients exhibited increased levels of mtDNA damage as shown by higher levels of mtDNA lesions and decreased mtDNA abundance as compared to healthy individuals. (globaltechbiz.com)
There was a negative correlation between disease damage and mtDNA abundance and a positive correlation between mtDNA lesions and disease duration. (globaltechbiz.com)

For instance, DSBs are repaired by DSB repair proteins, while improperly paired DNA bases are repaired by mismatch repair proteins. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
However, this study revealed that repair proteins previously thought to be responsible for different repair mechanisms can interact with each other to recognize damaged sites and select an appropriate repair mechanism. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
It can sense the presence of DNA damage, signal to other proteins that damage exists, aid in the repair of damage and stimulate cell death if the damage cannot be repaired. (data-1.science)
This modification allows SIRT1 to relay information about DNA damage to other proteins, leading to either DNA repair or cell death. (data-1.science)
These results are important because they increase scientists' understanding of how proteins and cells function, potentially leading to more effective therapeutic drugs in the future. (data-1.science)
This molecule enhances the repair of DNA breaks by serving as a scaffold that links two other proteins in the repair machinery. (sciencedaily.com)
The two repair scaffold proteins, Ku80 and DNA-PKcs, that LINP1 links coordinate the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair molecules that fix double-strand breaks in DNA. (sciencedaily.com)

In addition, we measured apoptosis and DNA damage. (molvis.org)
Supplementary Figure 2 shows the effects RO-3306 on apoptosis and DNA damage. (figshare.com)

HSER in normal and XP-C cell lines, but not CS-A, XP-A, XP-D or XP-G cells, suggests that HS treatment can enhance the repair of UV-damaged DNA through an enhancement of transcription coupled repair (TCR) or a mechanism which involves the TCR pathway. (mcmaster.ca)
After the long-range resection, the damaged DNA is repaired through error-free HR. Furthermore, it was discovered that the binding of MSH2-MSH3 inhibits the access of POLθ, which mediates a more error-prone TMEJ pathway, thereby preventing mutations that may occur during DSB repair. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Inhibition of the NHEJ pathway has been proposed by oncology researchers to synergize DNA-damaging therapies for better treatment outcomes for TNBCs. (sciencedaily.com)
Collectively, our study provides new insight into the DNA damage repair pathway, long non-coding RNAs, and triple-negative breast cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
Here, we identified a feedback loop in Ewing sarcoma cells in which inhibition of the ATR-CHK1 pathway depletes RRM2, the small subunit of RNR, and exacerbates the DNA replication stress and DNA damage caused by RNR inhibitors. (figshare.com)
This pathway involves the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and activation of ataxia telengiectasia mutated (ATM). (elsevierpure.com)
By elucidating the molecular events and signal transduction in the induction of sCLU, during cell stress (e.g., low-dose IR exposure), replicative senescence, and tumorigenesis, we theorize that we have found a common stress response pathway. (elsevierpure.com)

It is known to be a central component in the formation of GCs by binding and recruiting the majority of TBL1XR1/SMRT/NCOR1 complexes, a process mediated by B-cell lymphoma 6 ( BCL6 ) gene expression ( 5 ). (iiarjournals.org)
We also analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune-related gene expression, tumor mutation burden, and drug sensitivity of patients with HNSCC in the high- and low-risk groups. (frontiersin.org)
In the 6- month group, only base excision repair (Mpg) was significantly up-regulated by 5 folds.The organic arsenic cause reduction in liver enzymes and increased apoptotic-related gene at sub-chronic exposure but increased DNA repair gene expression at chronic exposure. (iium.edu.my)
Extremely lethal consequences of IR causes double-strand breaks, which are mainly responsible for genomic instability, altered gene expression, and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
These data indicate that the effect of MMC on corneal scarring and haze is related to the generation of DNA ICLs leading to defective cell replication and gene expression. (molvis.org)
Cis ligation of CD137 relative to the TCR-CD3 complex results in more intense canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling and provides a more robust induction of cell cycle and DNA damage repair gene expression programs. (lu.se)

During inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from inflammatory cells and are considered to play key roles in carcinogenesis [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Data from in vitro studies published in PLoS ONE indicated that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may promote or upregulate an antioxidant response in human aortic endothelial cells that would protect DNA from the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nutraingredients.com)
Here, we demonstrate that UVA photoactivation of DNA S 4 TdR does not generate reactive oxygen or cause direct DNA breakage and is only minimally mutagenic. (open.ac.uk)

The staining intensity of 8-nitroguanine was significantly higher in cancer cells and inflammatory cells in the stroma of NPC tissues than in chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. (hindawi.com)
Expression levels of CD44v6 and ALDH1A1 were significantly increased in cancer cells of primary NPC specimens in comparison to chronic nasopharyngitis tissues. (hindawi.com)
In addition, H2O2-induced activation of ATM (adipose tissue macrophages), described as a major orchestrator of the DNA damage response, was also significantly reduced by 31% and 33% with EPA and DHA treatment, respectively. (nutraingredients.com)
We show that TTFields robustly activates PARP- and ATR-mediated DNA repair (including PARylation and CHK1 phosphorylation, respectively), whilst combining TTFields with PARP1 or ATR inhibitor treatment leads to significantly reduced clonogenic survival. (nature.com)
Importantly, the team found that blocking LINP1 significantly increases sensitivity by the tumor cells to radiation therapy. (sciencedaily.com)
Interestingly, the growth rate of the mimicked BRCA2 heterozygous cell line was significantly lower than that of control cells. (ijbs.com)
LSECs gene expressions in the 2-month treated group showed significantly down-regulated cell cycle gene (Tp53), base excision repair gene (Xrcc1) and death domain receptor gene (Tnfrsf1a). (iium.edu.my)
Prolonged pemetrexed pretreatment for 48 h prior to cisplatin treatment maximally delayed long-term cell growth and significantly reduced the number of recovering clones. (biomedcentral.com)
However, pMMP-2 transfection has increased the viability of irradiated HDFs (10Gy) and significantly decreased the viability of irradiated MCF-7 cells (10Gy). (biomedcentral.com)
The report found that the incidence of primary mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma has significantly risen in persons under age 45 years within the populations of Australia and Singapore, with the rate of increase being significantly higher in females. (medscape.com)

Although distinctly different from each other, DNA damages and mutations are related because DNA damages often cause errors of DNA synthesis during replication or repair and these errors are a major source of mutation. (wikipedia.org)
Increase RNA and DNA synthesis. (nutrimedical.com)
Pemetrexed is a folic acid antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of precursor nucleotides, whereas cisplatin directly induces DNA adducts, the repair of which is dependent on sufficiently high nucleotide levels. (biomedcentral.com)
MTA is a folic acid antagonist inhibiting the synthesis of precursor purine and pyrimidine nucleotides required for DNA and RNA synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

In other cell types, including hepatocytes, inorganic arsenic causes inhibition of DNA repair. (iium.edu.my)
It is hypothesized that this exposure causes changes to cellular morphology such as defenestration in LSECs, which is due to inhibition of DNA repair gene. (iium.edu.my)
Similarly, activation of CDK2 by inhibition or knockdown of the WEE1 kinase also depletes RRM2 and causes DNA damage and apoptosis. (figshare.com)
Moreover, we show that the concurrent inhibition of ATR and WEE1 has a synergistic effect in Ewing sarcoma cells. (figshare.com)
Inhibition of H2O2-induced DNA damage in single cell gel electrophoresis assay(comet assay) by castasterone isolated from leaves of Centella asiatica. (csircentral.net)

One of the major findings of this study is that EPA and DHA diminished ROS-induced DNA damage in human aortic endothelial cells. (nutraingredients.com)
For the new study, the Japanese scientists treated human aortic endothelial cells with solutions containing EPA and DHA. (nutraingredients.com)
Inorganic arsenic causes apoptotic and necrotic damage to hepatocytes and capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), an important preceding event upon exposure. (iium.edu.my)

UVA irradiation also induces DNA interstrand crosslinking of S 4 TdR-containing duplex oligonucleotides. (open.ac.uk)
Mitomycin C (MMC) belongs to a family of anti-tumor quinolone antibiotics derived from Streptomyces caespitosus , and functions as a powerful bifunctional alkylating agent that induces DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL). (molvis.org)

MTA thereby interferes with the proliferation and survival of replicating cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine the acute and long-term effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on quiescent rabbit corneal keratocytes regarding cell proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation and DNA repair. (molvis.org)
Our results showed that beginning at four months, nFe2O3-exposed Beas2B underwent neoplastic-like transformation, as indicated by increased cell proliferation and attachment-independent colony formation. (cdc.gov)
TNFSR9) is an activation-induced surface receptor that through costimulation effects provide antigen-primed T cells with augmented survival, proliferation and effector functions as well as metabolic advantages. (lu.se)

However, recent data suggest that TTFields may also attenuate DNA damage repair and replication fork dynamics, providing a potential platform for therapeutic combinations incorporating standard-of-care treatments and targeted DNA damage response inhibitors (DDRi). (nature.com)
Overall, these results suggest that tumors are unlikely to arise directly from BRCA2 heterozygous cells without other genetic events such as loss of the wild-type BRCA2 allele and/or loss of p53 function or other cell cycle inhibitors. (ijbs.com)
However, multiple, overlapping mechanisms are reported to underlie the toxicity of ATR-CHK1 inhibitors, both as single agents and in combination with RNR inhibitors, toward cancer cells. (figshare.com)

These cells are defined as tumor-initiating cells or rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drives tumorigenesis [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

This reliance on 'pathologically-activated' DNA repair is a new molecular vulnerability of cancer cells and provides opportunities for highly selective targeted therapies. (nih.gov)
Although more work will be required to recapitulate regenerative macrophage function in the adult heart, targeting immunomodulation following MI, along with cell-based regenerative therapies, has potential for optimal cardiovascular repair. (cancer-pictures.org)
Here we report that the superiority of cis versus trans CD137-costimulation is readily observed in vivo and is relevant for understanding the immunotherapeutic effects of CAR T cells and CD137 agonistic therapies currently undergoing clinical trials, which may provide costimulation either in cis or in trans. (lu.se)

Moreover, several studies have shown that cancer cells have genetic instability, epigenetic changes, and an accumulation of mutations, suggesting that cancer is a genetic disease [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
Inflammation-associated tissue injury may activate stem/progenitor cells, and mutagenic stimuli from inflammation can accumulate multiple mutations and epigenetic changes in stem/progenitor cells [ 3 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
SUMMARY There are fundamental gaps in our understanding of how neoplastic cells tolerate the oncogenic stress and intrinsic DNA damage that arises during tumorigenesis, while simultaneously accumulating mutations that fuel cancer. (nih.gov)
We aimed to investigate the level of mtDNA damage (deletions, mutations and changes in copy number) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from 10 preterm infants (27-30 weeks). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
B-cell lymphomas arise from mutations affecting B-cell differentiation, particularly within germinal centers (GCs) where B-cells interact with T follicular helper cells ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
It has an essential role in B-cell development, influencing the transition of memory B-cells to plasma cells, while mutations in the TBL1XR1 gene have been observed to inhibit this progression and promote lymphomagenesis ( 7 , 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Mutations are replicated when the cell replicates. (wikipedia.org)
However, infrequent mutations that provide a survival advantage will tend to clonally expand at the expense of neighboring cells in the tissue. (wikipedia.org)
These are considered the most severe type of DNA damage, capable of causing genetic mutations or cell death. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
On the other hand, DNA repaired by polymerase theta-mediated end-joining (TMEJ) can result in the loss of some genetic information and cause mutations. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)

DNA damage is any physical abnormality in the DNA, such as single and double strand breaks, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine residues and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon adducts. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, a double-strand break (DSB) refers to when both strands of DNA are damaged. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
Additionally, chromosomal rearrangements, increased rates of sister chromatid exchanges and double strand breaks have been observed in cells from heterozygous mutation carriers of BRCA2 [ 17 , 18 ]. (ijbs.com)

As DNA is a molecule consisting of two strands, either one or both of the strands can be damaged. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
These are relatively mild damages that can be easily repaired by specialized enzymes that can seal the break and restore the integrity of the DNA molecule. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
For the first time, Van Houten's team witnessed this molecular tango along a "tightrope" of DNA slung between two silica beads, using real-time, single-molecule imaging. (cmu.edu)
DNA is a molecule of paramount importance due to its fundamental biological role in carrying and storing genetic information. (mdpi.com)
of the DNA molecule. (medlineplus.gov)

Background/Aim: B-cell lymphomas are characterized by diverse genetic anomalies affecting B-cell differentiation. (iiarjournals.org)
The complexities in B-cell lymphoma, including the common diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype, originate from accumulated genetic anomalies during this differentiation process ( 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Genetic damage of operating and recovery room personnel occupationally exposed to waste anaesthetic gases. (fluoridealert.org)

No association was found between disease activity and mtDNA damage. (globaltechbiz.com)
Smad5 Conclusion PBMCs from SLE patients exhibited more mtDNA damage compared to healthy subjects. (globaltechbiz.com)
Higher levels of mtDNA damage were observed among SLE patients with major organ involvement and damage accrual. (globaltechbiz.com)
These results suggest that mtDNA damage have a potential role in the pathogenesis of SLE. (globaltechbiz.com)
They confirmed the contribution of mtDNA damage to PD pathology in the PD mouse models. (medscape.com)

The objective here is to define signaling mechanisms by which cancer cells activate TLS and HR. Our central hypothesis is that pathological DNA repair activity sustains cancer cell growth and confers resistance to therapy. (nih.gov)
Their analysis supported the hypothesis that improved DNA repair leads to longer life span. (wikipedia.org)
In support of this hypothesis, heterozygosity for a BRCA2 mutation has been shown to cause sensitivity to DNA damage agents and reduced RAD51 focus formation after irradiation in the chicken B cell line DT40 [ 16 ]. (ijbs.com)
Our working hypothesis is that specific cell stress processes activated during the stress of cellular replicative senescence become permanently expressed during early carcinogenic initiation events. (elsevierpure.com)

Amorphous silica coating protects against iron oxide nanoparticle -induced cell transformation and genotoxicity. (cdc.gov)
Some evidence suggests that dissolution of IONP following endocytosis into cells may disrupt iron homeostasis, resulting in genotoxicity and neoplastic-like cellular transformation. (cdc.gov)

Similarly, more intense staining of CD44v6 and ALDH1A1 was detected in an NPC cell line than in an immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, a cell population was identified that displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and which had a stem cell phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas2B) were continuously exposed to nFe2O3 or nano-SiO2 coated nFe2O3 (SiO2-nFe2O3) for up to 6.5 months at an occupationally relevant low dose (0.6 microg/cm2 or 2.88 microg/mL) and evaluated over time for indications of neoplastic-like transformation and its underlying mechanism. (cdc.gov)

The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of unrepaired accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
Overall, they concluded that while the complexity of responses to DNA damage remains only partly understood, the idea that DNA damage accumulation with age is the primary cause of aging remains an intuitive and powerful one. (wikipedia.org)
The accumulation of unrepaired DNA damage is more prevalent in certain types of cells, particularly in non-replicating or slowly replicating cells, such as cells in the brain, skeletal and cardiac muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Descriptions of reduced function, characteristic of aging and associated with accumulation of DNA damage, are described in the next section. (wikipedia.org)
content in the nucleus and an increased p53 level in the whole cell rather than in nucleus, while localization of 50- and 100-nm COOH-PBs in acidic vesicles induced p53 accumulation in both types of extracts. (robertmijas.com)
Lack of neuronal IFNβ or disruption of its downstream signaling causes the accumulation of damaged mitochondria with excessive oxidative stress and insufficient adenosine triphosphate production. (medscape.com)

Targeting the ATR, CHK1, and WEE1 kinases in Ewing sarcoma cells activates CDK2 and increases DNA replication stress by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation of RRM2. (figshare.com)

Increased expression of p53 in the mimicked heterozygous cells was observed, perhaps in response to BRCA2 deficiency. (ijbs.com)

Such effects have been shown in mononuclear blood cells in the first few hours after ingestion, whereas studies of longer-term effects in well-nourished humans have been mainly negative. (nih.gov)
Ingestion of slow release vitamin C formulation was associated with fewer endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase sensitive sites measured by the comet assay in mononuclear blood cells obtained 4 h and 8 h after a single tablet and 4 wk after two tablets a day. (nih.gov)
This study suggests that long-term vitamin C supplementation at high dose, i. e. 500 mg together with vitamin E in moderate dose, 182 mg, decreases the steady-state level of oxidative DNA damage in mononuclear blood cells of smokers. (nih.gov)
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the intake of a single portion of blood orange juice (BOJ, 300 ml, providing 150 mg vitamin C) on mononuclear blood cell (MNBC) DNA damage, compared with a drink supplemented with the same amount of vitamin C (C-drink) or sugars (S-drink). (cambridge.org)

B-cell receptor diversification, essential for adaptive immunity, depends on processes like V(D)J recombination and somatic hypermutation ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
In humans and other mammals, DNA damage occurs frequently and DNA repair processes have evolved to compensate. (wikipedia.org)
Some DNA damage may remain in any cell despite the action of repair processes. (wikipedia.org)
DNA is well known as the blueprint of life, necessary for an organism to facilitate living processes. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
As the molecular processes in signal transduction during cell stress and senescence (aging), and cancer progression are elucidated, it is clear that certain elements are common amongst these cellular events. (elsevierpure.com)

A mutation cannot be recognized by enzymes once the base change is present in both DNA strands, and thus a mutation cannot be repaired. (wikipedia.org)
Single-strand break (SSB), occur when one of the two strands of DNA is damaged or broken. (globalhealthnewswire.com)

"Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis," wrote scientists from Hiroshima University and Fukushima Medical University. (nutraingredients.com)

Nuclear DNA damage can contribute to aging either indirectly (by increasing apoptosis or cellular senescence) or directly (by increasing cell dysfunction). (wikipedia.org)
MMC also induced phosphorylation of the nuclear histone marker of DNA damage, γH2AX (a member of the H2A histone family), without induction of cell cycle entry or immediate DNA repair measured by Comet assay. (molvis.org)
In a paper published in Metabolism, Kardassis lab reveals a novel role of the nuclear receptor HNF4A in glucose homeostasis and in the liver-α-cell axis in mice. (forth.gr)

In a Preview article published in Cell Metabolism, Prof. Nektarios Tavernarakis discusses a study that delineates a signaling cascade that is mobilized by neurons in the hypothalamus to modulate autophagy and metabolism in the liver. (forth.gr)

Our results suggest that astaxanthin has a neuroprotective effect against RGC death induced by glutamate stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, which induce apoptotic and necrotic cell death. (molvis.org)

Increases in ATP allow cells to accept nutrients faster and get rid of waste products faster by increasing the energy level in the cell. (nutrimedical.com)

Our long-term goal is to solve the problem of how cancer cells endure oncogenic stress and DNA damage. (nih.gov)

To investigate the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in terms of oxidative DNA damage measured by the comet assay and DNA repair measured by expression of OGG1 mRNA in blood cells of male smokers given 2 x 250 mg vitamin C daily as plain or slow release tablets combined with plain release vitamin E 2 x 91 mg, or placebo for 4 wk. (nih.gov)
Vitamin C was analysed at each time point by HPLC, whereas H 2 O 2 -induced MNBC DNA damage was evaluated at 0, 3 and 24 h by means of the comet assay. (cambridge.org)
Alizadeh Sabet H, Kalbassi M, Pourkazemi M, Sadeghizadeh M. Evaluation of incubation temperatures on DNA damages of the Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877) single cells through developmental stages by Comet assay. (jifro.ir)
This study evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) gene silencing using MMP-2 shRNA expression plasmids (pMMP-2) on IR induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage by MTT, dead green, γH2AX and comet assays in human normal dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, MMP-2 gene silencing using pMMP-2 decreased comet tail length in irradiated HDFs but increased in irradiated MCF-7 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Assessment of OGG1 mRNA levels by RT-PCR did not indicate increased expression of this DNA repair gene after 4 wk of vitamin supplementation. (nih.gov)
This study constructed a 13-DNA-repair-gene signature for the prognosis of HNSCC, which could accurately and independently predict the clinical outcome of the patient. (frontiersin.org)

HS enhanced reactivation (HSER) of the reporter gene was detected in normal cells, HT29 tumour cells and XP-C fibroblasts. (mcmaster.ca)
HSER was reduced or absent in all other XP, CS and tumour cell lines tested. (mcmaster.ca)
Since this response was absent in the SV40-transformed fibroblast cell line and 4 of 5 tumour cell lines examined, HSER of beta-gal activity for UV-irradiated Ad5HCMVsp1lacZ also requires some cellular function(s) affected by transformation. (mcmaster.ca)

To understand the DNA damage theory of aging it is important to distinguish between DNA damage and mutation, the two major types of errors that occur in DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Damage and mutation are fundamentally different. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to DNA damage, a mutation is a change in the base sequence of the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
In a population of cells, mutant cells will increase or decrease in frequency according to the effects of the mutation on the ability of the cell to survive and reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
Given these properties of DNA damage and mutation, it can be seen that DNA damages are a special problem in non-dividing or slowly dividing cells, where unrepaired damages will tend to accumulate over time. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, in rapidly dividing cells, unrepaired DNA damages that do not kill the cell by blocking replication will tend to cause replication errors and thus mutation. (wikipedia.org)

O]ur findings indicate that n-3 PUFAs attenuate oxidative DNA damage and subsequent cell senescence, at least in part, through upregulation of NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. (nutraingredients.com)
Cell growth and colony formation as well as senescence induction were quantified after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, apoptosis and senescence were augmented and recovery from treatment-induced DNA damage was delayed. (biomedcentral.com)

Instead, this caspase activity leads to DNA damage that, in turn, promotes genomic instability , cellular transformation, and tumorigenesis . (bvsalud.org)

We found that the mutant plants fail to maintain stem cells, resulting in the differentiation or death of stem cells. (nih.gov)

There are many known risk factors for basal and squamous cell skin cancers , but it's not always clear exactly how these factors might cause cancer. (cancer.org)
Most basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers are caused by repeated and unprotected skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight, as well as from man-made sources such as tanning beds. (cancer.org)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a type of tumor that originates from the squamous epithelium of the head and neck areas, including the mucous membranes of the lips, tongue, pharynx, larynx, and others ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common malignancy of the tongue, typically having 3 gross morphologic growth patterns: exophytic, ulcerative, and infiltrative. (medscape.com)
Clinical appearance of a lateral tongue squamous cell carcinoma in an 80-year-old man with a previous history of smoking and regular alcoholic beverage consumption. (medscape.com)
Indications are that the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue has been rising among younger women in industrialized nations. (medscape.com)
This is being done by examining samples of DNA collected from individuals with cancer (pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, oesophageal adenocarcinoma, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer) across five continents. (who.int)
A study by Joseph et al found that the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue has risen among white females in the United States while at the same time decreasing among African American women. (medscape.com)
The report also found the estimated 1-, 5-, and 10-year relative survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue to be greater in white women than in African American females, but following multivariable analysis, the investigators attributed the higher survival rate not to race but to such factors as lower stage, younger age, married status, and receipt of surgical treatment. (medscape.com)

"These results indicated EPA and DHA attenuated DNA damage independently of the DNA damage response," wrote the researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
This differential response might be due to IR induced MMP-2 distinctive ROS generation in HDFs and MCF-7 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
and the response to DNA DAMAGE. (bvsalud.org)

Our previous study was the first to demonstrate 8-nitroguanine formation in the cancer cells of NPC patients via iNOS activation [ 14 ], showing that inflammation is an important risk factor for NPC development. (hindawi.com)
Unfortunately, the DNA damage tolerance and mutability acquired during carcinogenesis also allow cancer cells to resist therapy. (nih.gov)
Filling the current gaps in our knowledge of DNA damage tolerance will allow us to harness intrinsic and therapy-induced DNA damage to kill cancer cells. (nih.gov)
In this report, we have utilized HT-29 colon cancer cells and have mimicked the heterozygous state of BRCA2 in these cells through RNA interference. (ijbs.com)
We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
But these phytochemicals are neither specific to cancer cells nor normal cells. (biomedcentral.com)

As an example, they described a study showing that centenarians of 100 to 107 years of age had higher levels of two DNA repair enzymes, PARP1 and Ku70, than general-population old individuals of 69 to 75 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
DNA damage can be recognized by enzymes, and thus can be correctly repaired using the complementary undamaged strand in DNA as a template or an undamaged sequence in a homologous chromosome if it is available for copying. (wikipedia.org)
Van Houten]'s team has developed an assay that allows them to track the repair enzymes in 3D on the DNA ropes as they repair damage. (cmu.edu)

The potential heart health benefits of omega-3s may be linked (in part at least) to their ability to protect the DNA in the cells lining blood vessels, according to a study from Japanese researchers. (nutraingredients.com)
Until now, most researchers thought that a specific type of DNA damage is only repaired by its corresponding DNA repair mechanism. (globalhealthnewswire.com)
IMBB researchers showed that NAM, a form of vitamin B3, can enhance myelin production after demyelination by signaling to microglia to stop causing myelin damage and to astrocytes to reduce inflammation. (forth.gr)
It also caused neurodegeneration in brain regions distant from the injection site, suggesting that damaged mtDNA triggers spread of PDD characteristics in an "infectious-like" manner, the researchers report. (medscape.com)

To investigate the involvement of stem cells in Epstein-Barr virus infection-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we used double immunofluorescence staining to examine several cancer stem/progenitor cell markers (CD44v6, CD24, and ALDH1A1) in NPC tissues and NPC cell lines. (hindawi.com)
8-Nitroguanine was detected in both CD44v6- and ALDH1A1-positive stem cells in NPC tissues. (hindawi.com)
Recently, evidence has accumulated showing that stem cells are involved in inflammation-related carcinogenesis. (hindawi.com)
rather, this property is limited to a subset of cells termed "cancer stem cells" [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
We have used patient-derived, typically resistant, glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in combination with the previously validated preclinical Inovitro™ TTFields system together with a number of therapeutic DDRi. (nature.com)
The consumption of alcohol is always a controversial topic and a Reuter's article explored how drinking can damage stem cell DNA. (mercola.com)
In plants, stem cells reside in apical meristems, and provide the descendants required for post-embryonic growth and development throughout the life of a plant. (nih.gov)
To identify a novel factor required for the maintenance of stem cells, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, named meristem disorganization 1-1 (mdo1-1), that exhibits several developmental defects, such as abnormal phyllotaxy and plastochron, stem fasciation and retarded root growth. (nih.gov)
The results thus suggested that the MDO1 gene product is required for the maintenance of stem cells through a reduction in DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Oddly enough, recent evidence signifies cross chat between macrophage and stem cell populations (17), that could donate to neonatal mouse center regeneration (2, 18). (cancer-pictures.org)
In addition, a subpopulation of therapy resistant cells with EMT and cancer stem cell features was identified that was resistant to the standard treatment regimen but sensitive to pemetrexed pretreatment combined with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
Fluorosilicic acid induces DNA damage and oxidative stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (fluoridealert.org)
They found that PML limits breast cancer metastasis by inhibiting cancer stem cell survival, tumor cell migration and blood vessel formation. (forth.gr)

Therefore mitigating DNA damage may be a possible mechanism by which n-3 PUFAs exert cardioprotective effects. (nutraingredients.com)
Research at IMBB, published in Nature Aging, reveals a fundamental quality control mechanism that operates in cells to safeguard the integrity and function of the nucleus. (forth.gr)

Anatomy17

Organisms7

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Hypersensitivity to DNA-damagi2

Mitochondrial11

Genes23

Pathways10

Protein19

Oxidative damage2

Lesions11

Proteins7

Apoptosis and DNA damage2

Pathway7

Gene expression6

Reactive3

Significantly10

Synthesis4

Inhibition5

Endothelial cells3

Induces DNA interstrand2

Proliferation4

Inhibitors3

Tumor-initi1

Therapies3

Mutations11

Double strand3

Molecule5

Genetic3

MtDNA damage5

Hypothesis4

Genotoxicity2

Epithelial3

Accumulation6

Activates1

Expression of p531

Mononuclear4

Processes5

Strands2

Pivotal role1

Nuclear3

Metabolism1

Apoptotic and necrotic1

Increases1

Stress and DNA damage1

Comet5

Repair gene2

Tumour3

Mutation6

Senescence3

Tumorigenesis1

Differentiation1

Squamous cell9

Response3

Cancer cells7

Enzymes3

Researchers4

Stem13

Mechanism2