Cell with ubiquitin. Medical search. Frequent questions

Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
Targeted protein degradation through chemical hijacking of E3 ubiquitin ligases is an emerging concept in precision medicine. (nature.com)
An unexpected recurring feature in this system is the physical interaction between E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitylases (DUBs). (vanderbilt.edu)
Major UPS components are ubiquitin (Ub), Ub ligases, Ub hydrolases (deubiquitinases [DUBs]), and the proteasome. (cytoskeleton.com)
Activation of the UPS begins with attachment of an 8 kDa ubiquitin protein to a target protein by a three step cascade carried out by Ub ligases. (cytoskeleton.com)
WW domain-containing protein-1 and -2 (WWP1 and WWP2) are evolutionarily conserved HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotes, and the C. elegans ortholog of WWP1/2 plays key roles in neuronal functions such as axon guidance and synaptic transmission. (uni-goettingen.de)
Since bortezomib alters the manifestation of many proteins degraded from the proteasome a greater understanding of ubiquitin ligases and their substrates could Bardoxolone methyl aid the refinement of therapies to target specific subsets of proteins therefore reducing toxicity improving efficacy and ultimately improving therapies against MM and additional cancers. (liveconscience.com)

Nedd4-2 is an ubiquitin ligase that catalyses the ubiquitination of proteins, resulting in proteasomal degradation. (portlandpress.com)
Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
A hallmark of proteome balance is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that degrades roughly 80% of multi-ubiquitinated proteins ( Collins and Goldberg, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
Ubiquitin is one of the most conserved proteins known in eukaryotic organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent, non-lysosomal intracellular protein degradation of abnormal proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover. (wikipedia.org)
Ubiquitin is covalently bound to proteins to be degraded, and presumably labels these proteins for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
Addition and removal of ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains to and from proteins is a tightly regulated process that contributes to cellular signaling and protein stability. (rcsb.org)
Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of cells. (edu.au)
A transmembrane ubiquitin ligase required to sort membrane proteins into multivesicular bodies. (wikigenes.org)
Bsd2 binds the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 and mediates the ubiquitination of transmembrane proteins. (wikigenes.org)
Ubiquitylation describes the covalent attachment of a small 76-amino acid protein, ubiquitin, to other proteins. (ddw-online.com)
Ubiquitin modification of cellular proteins has been shown to be involved with a wide range of biochemical processes including proteasomal degradation, signal transduction, DNA repair, endocytosis and autophagy. (enzolifesciences.com)
Posttranscriptional modification of proteins through the ubiquitin pathway has recently emerged as an essential regulatory mechanism controlling neuronal development and function. (uni-goettingen.de)
Misfolded, luminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins are retrotranslocated into the cytosol and degraded by the ubiquitin / proteasome system. (bvsalud.org)
This ERAD-L pathway requires a protein complex consisting of the ubiquitin ligase Hrd1p, which spans the ER membrane multiple times, and the membrane proteins Hrd3p, Usa1p, and Der1p. (bvsalud.org)
In this study preselected 61 RING type ubiquitin E3 proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana were classified, grouped and analysed to characterize what kind of domains and groups were included. (helsinki.fi)
When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). (antibodies-online.com)
Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. (antibodies-online.com)
More generally, we study the reversible enzymatic coupling of proteins to other proteins within cells. (yale.edu)
While ubiquitin is commonly used to mark its targets for destruction, the consequences of protein ligation to the various "ubiquitin-like proteins" are less understood. (yale.edu)
One such protein that we study, SUMO, is attached to many proteins and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
Ubiquitin and an array of related molecules (ubiquitin-like proteins or Ubls) such as SUMO are small, highly conserved proteins that are covalently attached to other intracellular proteins, resulting in various functional alterations of these targets. (yale.edu)
First, we wish to understand, at a mechanistic and molecular level, how specific proteins are rapidly degraded within eukaryotic cells while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
This ligase attaches ubiquitin to both nuclear regulatory proteins and to misfolded membrane proteins degraded at the ER (ER-associated degradation or ERAD). (yale.edu)
The prototypical example of a protein that is covalently attached to other proteins is ubiquitin, but in recent years, evidence for at least a dozen such systems has come to light. (yale.edu)
The Ubl called SUMO is attached to many proteins in vivo and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
Inflammation can be turned on by a cellular process called ubiquitination, in which molecules called ubiquitin are attached to certain proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
When foreign invaders are recognized, chains of ubiquitin molecules linked end-to-end, called linear ubiquitin chains, are attached to particular proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
Center, Lund University, P.O. proteins bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and ubiquitin. (lu.se)

The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was involved in this ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4. (plos.org)
Pulsatile shear stress induces ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of PDCD4 via a PI3K/Akt pathway in HUVECs. (plos.org)
These results suggest TIEG and Itch contribute to a ubiquitin-dependent nonproteolytic pathway that regulates inducible Foxp3 expression and the control of allergic responses. (nih.gov)
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: on protein death and cell life. (antikoerper-online.de)
Our aim is to determine if the same pathway is followed in human cardiomyocytes derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells. (syr.edu)
Protein turnover is crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis and this process is largely controlled by the Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP). (soci.org)
The pathway consists of an enzymatic cascade that links the polypeptide cofactor Ubiquitin to specific protein targets, which mark them for degradation by the proteasome. (soci.org)
The tumor cells may act to create an accessory pathway. (medscape.com)
Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)
This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
We present a rate equation model for the TGF-b pathway in endothelial cells together with novel measurements. (lu.se)
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-ubiquitin-protease pathway plays a role as well. (msdmanuals.com)
We provided evidence for Aβ-dependent dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome system and multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway (Almeida et al. (lu.se)

In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
Silencing Txnip prompted TLR2-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production whereas the blockage of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase with dorsomorphin effectively reduced such effects. (frontiersin.org)
Although two E3s, CRL2 VHL and CRL4 CRBN , frequently assemble with proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) to attach lysine-48 (K48)-linked ubiquitin chains, the diversity of the ubiquitin code used for chemically induced degradation is largely unknown. (nature.com)
UBE2N promotes degradation of cIAP1 induced by cIAP1 ligands and subsequent cancer cell apoptosis. (nature.com)
These results reveal an unexpected role for K63-linked ubiquitin chains and UBE2N in degrader-induced proteasomal degradation and demonstrate the diversity of the ubiquitin code used for chemical hijacking. (nature.com)
Ubiquitin also binds to histone H2A in actively transcribed regions but does not cause histone H2A degradation, suggesting that ubiquitin is also involved in regulation of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotic cells, proteome remodeling is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates protein degradation, trafficking, and signaling events in the cell. (vanderbilt.edu)
The carboxy-terminal domain of A20, composed of seven C2/C2 zinc fingers, then functions as a ubiquitin ligase by polyubiquitinating RIP with K48-linked ubiquitin chains, thereby targeting RIP for proteasomal degradation. (nih.gov)
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a well-characterized protein degradation system in cells whose dysfunction is implicated in many diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer 1,2 . (cytoskeleton.com)
Also because check donor cells had been transplanted into wild-type recipients these results support a is necessary for the standard function of HSCs progenitors and precursors as well as for terminal differentiation.10-12 a Cul4A is suggested by These results ubiquitin ligase goals a regulator of HSC function for degradation. (liveconscience.com)
Of the 2 p27Kip1 may end up being targeted for degradation with a Cul4A-ubiquitin ligase in erythroblasts12 and in nonhematopoietic cells 18 therefore p27Kip1 overexpression Bardoxolone methyl in Cul4A -haploinsufficient stem cells might impair engraftment and self-renewal. (liveconscience.com)
A Cul4A-ubiquitin ligase goals HoxA9 for degradation in myeloid cells however in HSCs HoxA9 promotes function.11 19 non-e of the various other Cul4A targets recognized so far offers known HSC regulatory functions. (liveconscience.com)
Much of this regulated degradation occurs via the highly conserved ubiquitin-proteasome system. (yale.edu)

Sobald das Proteinsubstrat mono-ubiquitiniert ist, wird durch dieselbe Ubiquitinierungs-Konjugationskaskade eine Poly-Ubiquitin-Kette gebildet. (antikoerper-online.de)
Recognizes mono- and poly-ubiquitin protein conjugates, free polyubiquitin chains and free ubiquitin. (enzolifesciences.com)
Kupka S, Reichert M, Draber P, Walczak H. Formation and removal of poly-ubiquitin chains in the regulation of tumor necrosis factor-induced gene activation and cell death. (medlineplus.gov)

It has been reported that RNF4 negatively regulates TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through downregulation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity, indicating the possibility that RNF4-mediated TAK1 suppression results in enhanced sensitivity to cell death. (mdpi.com)
L ike protein phosphorylation by kinases, protein ubiquitylation regulates many aspects of cell function and provides a wealth of drug target opportunities across many therapeutic areas including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolism, inflammation, neurodegeneration and infectious diseases. (ddw-online.com)
Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM62 Regulates CARD9-Mediated Anti-fungal Immunity and Intestinal Inflammation. (broadinstitute.org)
Although p21Cip1-lacking mice exhibited a self-renewal defect down-regulating p21Cip1 in individual HSCs improved engraftment.2 16 Whereas analyses of p27Kip1-deficient mice indicate this gene regulates progenitors mice deficient in both p27Kip1 and MAD1 exhibited improved stem-cell function 2 17 recommending that under some circumstances p27Kip negatively regulates HSC function. (liveconscience.com)
However since Cul4A -mediated rules occurs in the protein level direct recognition of the Cul4A-ubiquitin ligase target(s) important for HSC function requires measuring protein expression levels in HSCs-technically demanding but important to understand how ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis Bardoxolone methyl regulates HSC function. (liveconscience.com)
Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 negatively regulates TNFalpha-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via suppressing ERK activation. (musc.edu)
Together, these findings indicate that lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 interacts with SART3 and regulates CD44 RNA alternative splicing to promote cell malignant transformation and lung carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)

We hypothesized that inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) decreases amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells by activation of Nedd4-2, which increases transporter ubiquitination resulting in decreased transporter expression in the plasma membrane. (portlandpress.com)
The two ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1) in human genome, UBA1 and UBA6, initiate ubiquitination by ATP-dependent activation of ubiquitin. (northwestern.edu)
The Rho-GTPase CDC42 is one of the specific targets of UBA6-initiated ubiquitination and plays a key role in the function of UBA6 in controlling epithelial homeostasis, since a CDC42 inhibitor, ML141, rescues UBA6-deficient cells from the EMT phenotype. (northwestern.edu)

Met1-linked linear ubiquitin chains are involved in nuclear factor-κB signalling and cell death, and dysfunctions in linear ubiquitylation underlie chronic inflammation. (nih.gov)
Recent identification of deubiquitylating enzymes and binding domains that are specific for linear ubiquitin chains suggests new physiological roles for linear ubiquitin chains. (nih.gov)
Structural and functional analyses of the conjugation and deconjugation of linear ubiquitin chains have enabled the development of new probes to study the roles of linear chain ubiquitylation. (nih.gov)
The OTULIN protein helps control inflammation by removing linear ubiquitin chains. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, removal of linear ubiquitin chains is impaired, and signaling pathways that cause inflammation are abnormally active. (medlineplus.gov)

Here, we summarize the current understanding of interactions between ubiquitin conjugation and deconjugation machineries and we examine the regulatory logic of these enigmatic complexes. (vanderbilt.edu)

During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
The encoded protein contains an NIRF_N domain, a PHD finger, a set- and ring-associated (SRA) domain, and a RING finger domain and several of these domains have been shown to be essential for the regulation of cell proliferation. (nih.gov)
This cascade is highly regulated and impacts virtually all cellular processes including cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. (soci.org)

In this proposal, we are investigating regulation of the gene KLHL6, which normally blocks the growth of B-cells. (lls.org)
Phosphoactivation of DUBA represents an unprecedented mode of protease regulation and a clear link between two major cellular signal transduction systems: phosphorylation and ubiquitin modification. (rcsb.org)
This gene encodes a nuclear protein which is involved in cell-cycle regulation. (nih.gov)
Regulation of p53 by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UbcH5B/C in vivo. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
It was further determined that up-regulation of ABHD11-AS1 expression plays an important role in chronic Cr(VI) exposure-induced cell malignant transformation and tumorigenesis, and the stemness of human lung cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
May be involved in regulation of transcriptional responses to NF-kappa-B, including cell adhesion, immune and proinflammatory responses, apoptosis, differentiation and growth. (lu.se)

The ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBE2N, UBE2L3 and UBE2D2/3 are essential for Parkin-dependent mitophagy. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Lysine 63-linked polyubiquitination of the dopamine transporter requires WW3 and WW4 domains of Nedd4-2 and UBE2D ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
A third, more recent research focus has been on endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate their eukaryotic hosts by secreting enzymes, including ubiquitin-specific proteases, into the host cell cytoplasm. (yale.edu)

The reduction of Txnip protein facilitates tumor progression, whereas the overexpression of Txnip results in the inhibition of metastasis or further triggers cells undergoing apoptosis ( 9 , 14 , 15 ). (frontiersin.org)
Previous research showed that UCH-L1 was expressed in mouse retinal cells and testicular germ cells, and its function was associated with apoptosis. (uky.edu)
But it is still unclear whether UCH-L1 is concerned with apoptosis in tumor cells. (uky.edu)
Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Western blot, Hoechst 33258 staining assay and flow cytometry, we found that over-expression of UCH-L1 in MCF7 cells induced apoptosis. (uky.edu)
We validate MYCBP2 as a key target through depletion siRNA using in vitro apoptosis assays in MCF10A, MCF7 and T47D cells. (mssm.edu)
We demonstrate that MYCBP2 loss is associated with resistance to apoptosis from cisplatin-induced DNA damage and cell cycle changes, and that CHEK1 inhibition can modulate MYCBP2 activity and caspase cleavage. (mssm.edu)
p53 participates in relevant aspects of cell biology, including apoptosis and cell cycle control and must be strictly regulated to maintain normal tissue homeostasis. (molvis.org)

Mechanistically, UBE2N-catalyzed K63-linked ubiquitin chains facilitate assembly of highly complex K48/K63 and K11/K48 branched ubiquitin chains, thereby recruiting p97/VCP, UCH37 and the proteasome. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Degrader-activated cIAP1 assembles branched ubiquitin chains. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: K63 linkages serve as the base for K11/K48/K63 heterotypic ubiquitin chains. (nature.com)
Fig. 4: Architecture of branched ubiquitin chains conjugated on cIAP1. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: UBE2N and UBE2D cooperatively assemble branched ubiquitin chains onto cIAP1 in vitro. (nature.com)
The amino-terminal domain of A20, which is a de-ubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme of the OTU (ovarian tumour) family, removes lysine-63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin chains from receptor interacting protein (RIP), an essential mediator of the proximal TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signalling complex. (nih.gov)
The general ubiquitin reactivity of the monoclonal antibody has been demonstrated by Western blotting using synthetic ubiquitin chains, single isopeptide-linked polyubiquitin chains, and with endogenously ubiquitinylated species in cell lysates. (enzolifesciences.com)
Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. (antibodies-online.com)

MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)

Biochemical reconstitution demonstrates that the mammalian complex possesses inherent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, using Ube2H as its cognate E2. (elifesciences.org)
This interaction follows the delivery of substrate through other ERAD components, requires the presence of transmembrane segments of Hrd1p, and depends on both the ubiquitin ligase activity of Hrd1p and the function of the Cdc48p ATPase complex. (bvsalud.org)

The interaction of ABHD11-AS1 with SART3 promotes USP15 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 15) nuclear localization. (cdc.gov)

Inflammation occurs when the immune system sends signaling molecules and white blood cells to a site of injury or disease to fight the invaders and facilitate tissue repair. (medlineplus.gov)

The encoded protein is a ubiquitin-ligase capable of ubiquinating PCNP (PEST-containing nuclear protein), and together they may play a role in tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
Spatially regulated ubiquitin ligation by an ER/nuclear membrane ligase. (wikigenes.org)
We are currently studying a transmembrane ubiquitin ligase that resides in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. (yale.edu)
G) No sex difference in nuclear or soma size of PR+ VMHvl cells in PRPL mice. (cdc.gov)

KLHL6 is referred to as a "tumor suppressor" gene and it functions to prevent B-cells from uncontrolled growth. (lls.org)
We recently found low level of tumor suppressor programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) associated with reduced atherosclerotic plaque area (unpublished). (plos.org)
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
C ) Representative images of spontaneous γH2AX subnuclear foci in Rnf8 -/- Trp53 Δ/Δ mammary tumor cells reconstituted with RNF8 or mock (empty vector). (jci.org)
D ) Dot plots depicting quantification of the spontaneous subnuclear foci formation for γH2AX, 53BP1, BRCA1, and RAD51 observed in Rnf8 -/- Trp53 Δ/Δ mammary tumor cells reconstituted with RNF8 or mock. (jci.org)
E ) Representative images of γH2AX, 53BP1, BRCA1, and RAD51 subnuclear foci formation 6 hours after IR (5 Gy) of the indicated mammary tumor cells. (jci.org)
G and H ) Dot plots depicting efficiencies of HR-mediated ( G ) and NHEJ-mediated ( H ) repair of I- SceI -induced DSBs in Rnf8 Trp53 Δ/Δ mammary tumor cells reconstituted as indicated (mean ± SEM). (jci.org)
In order to clarify the role of UCH-L1 in tumor cells, multi-drug resistance (MDR) human breast carcinoma cell line MCF7/Adr, that expresses relatively high UCH-L1, and its parental cell line MCF7, that expresses relatively low UCH-L1, were chosen for this study. (uky.edu)
Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)
Cachexia is mediated by certain cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1b, and IL-6, which are produced by tumor cells and host cells in the tissue mass. (msdmanuals.com)

Cell Biol. (wikigenes.org)

Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). (antibodies-online.com)

Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)

Ubiquitin Proteasome System Current Insights into Mechanism Cellular Regu. (intechopen.com)
The small protein ubiquitin plays a vital role in virtually all aspects of cellular life. (intechopen.com)
Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), a vitamin D 3 -upregulated protein in 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25[OH] 2 D 3 )-treated HL-60 cells ( 7 ), acts as an endogenous inhibitor of the antioxidant thioredoxin (Trx), which is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including the response to oxidative stress, cancer development, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory processes ( 8 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Interplay between the cellular proteome and ubiquitin is complex and dynamic and many regulatory features that support this system have only recently come into focus. (vanderbilt.edu)
These novel changes induced by WNV may serve as of 173 cellular genes were identified by ArrayTools to be biomarkers and help explain the neuropathologic features differentially expressed in the WNV-infected A172 cells. (cdc.gov)

2005). A major effort of our group has been to determine the cell biological mechanism(s) by which Aβ peptides initiate dysfunction of synapses in AD. (lu.se)

The crystal structure of the ubiquitin aldehyde adduct of active DUBA reveals a marked cooperation between phosphorylation and substrate binding. (rcsb.org)
An intricate web of interactions involving the phosphate and the C-terminal tail of ubiquitin cause DUBA to fold around its substrate, revealing why phosphorylation is essential for deubiquitinase activity. (rcsb.org)
The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)

Die Funktion von WWP1/2 im Gehirn von Säugetieren wurde jedoch noch nicht analysiert und auch die entsprechenden Substrate dieser Ubiquitin Ligasen sind nicht bekannt. (uni-goettingen.de)

Das Ubiquitin-konjugierende Enzym E2 N (UBE2N) gehört zur E2-Familie, die Ub vom E1-Enzym erhält. (antikoerper-online.de)

Here, we show that mouse Stbd1 is a transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein with the capacity to induce the formation of organized ER structures in HeLa cells. (imperial.ac.uk)

Ubiquitin is an important modifier in eukaryotic cells through many effects on the targeted protein. (helsinki.fi)
Our lab has as its general focus one of the fundamental regulatory systems of eukaryotic cells - the ubiquitin system. (yale.edu)

1 Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. (nih.gov)
Our division is working to understand the underlying biology of ubiquitin-mediated processes in cells, with a particular focus on those associated with human diseases. (edu.au)

Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)

Die Ubiquitinierung umfasst drei Hauptschritte: Aktivierung, Konjugation und Ligation, die von Ubiquitin-aktivierenden Enzymen (E1), Ubiquitin-konjugierenden Enzymen (E2) und Ubiquitin-Ligasen (E3) durchgeführt werden. (antikoerper-online.de)

Identification of UHRF2 as a Negative Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Its Clinical Significance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (nih.gov)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in naive T cells induces expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, a 'master' regulator of regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells). (nih.gov)
We identify dysregulation of MYCBP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling, is accompanied with decreased disease-free survival. (mssm.edu)
p53 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (Mdm2) is an important negative regulator of p53. (molvis.org)
In addition, Wnt/β-catenin has emerged as a critical regulator of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is considered one of the root causes of cancer recurrence and metastasis because of their heterogeneity and plasticity ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)

We are trying to understand the functional consequences of SUMO-protein modification, particularly in the cell cycle and chromatin-mediate gene transcription, and to determine the basis of specificity for the SUMO-cleaving proteases. (yale.edu)

Crystal structure of UbcH5b~ubiquitin intermediate: insight into the formation of the self-assembled E2~Ub conjugates. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Ubiquitin carboxy terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) belongs to the UCH proteases family that deubiquitinates ubiquitin-protein conjugates in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. (uky.edu)

A central polypurine tract (CPPT) resides 5' of a Ubiquitin ligase C promoter (Ub), followed by a loxP-flanked (triangles) histone 2B:EGFP . (cdc.gov)

All together, this proposal will not only provide important biological insights into the understanding of how B-cell lymphomas develop, but will also assess the rational for "personalized therapy" of patients harboring mutations in KLHL6. (lls.org)
Insights into ubiquitin transfer cascades from a structure of a UbcH5B approximately ubiquitin-HECT(NEDD4L) complex. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
Ubiquitin is a small protein found in all human tissues. (edu.au)
Further experiments showed that myofibril assembly can be blocked at the nascent myofibril by five different inhibitors of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) stage in both avian and human cardiomyocytes. (syr.edu)
Find Ubiquitin ELISA Kits for a variety of species such as anti-Human Ubiquitin, anti-Chicken Ubiquitin, anti-Cow Ubiquitin. (antibodies-online.com)
Much of our work is conducted in baker's yeast, a model organism ideal for genetic and biochemical analysis, but we also use human tissue culture cells and Drosophila in certain studies. (yale.edu)
We conducted a glob- ing to prevent skew in the results due to bias in CyDye al transcriptional analysis of human glioblastoma cell incorporation. (cdc.gov)
It was found that the lncRNA ABHD11-AS1 expression levels are up-regulated in chronic Cr(VI) exposure-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells, chronically Cr(VI)-exposed mouse lung tissues, and human lung cancer cells as well. (cdc.gov)
How do human human stem cells control their fate during exit from dormancy? (lu.se)

The goal of this proposal is to investigate the significance of genes of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) that are mutated in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). (lls.org)
However, KLHL6 has been identified as one of the most frequently mutated genes in patients with B-cell lymphoma suggesting that mutations in KLHL6 may be an important driver of B-cell lymphomas. (lls.org)

Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)
The Ubiquitin Proteasome System is required for progression from nascent myofibrils to mature myofibrils. (syr.edu)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch associated with and promoted conjugation of ubiquitin to the transcription factor TIEG1. (nih.gov)

This is supported by studies in knockout mice showing development of soft-tissue sarcomas, ovarian stromal cell tumors and a high sensitivity to carcinogenic treatments. (cancerindex.org)

SUMO und NEDD8 sind zwei Beispiele für Ubiquitin-ähnliche Proteine (UBLs). (antikoerper-online.de)

Retrotranslocation of a misfolded luminal ER protein by the ubiquitin-ligase Hrd1p. (bvsalud.org)
Hrd1p function requires its oligomerization, which in wild-type cells is facilitated by Usa1p. (bvsalud.org)

B-Cells are cells in the immune system that help protect the body from infections and other diseases. (lls.org)
Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
Drug discovery in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. (antikoerper-online.de)
Is novel chemistry the final frontier for ubiquitin system drug discovery? (ddw-online.com)
Although the widespread use of target-focused libraries has led to the rapid expansion of novel chemistry as research tools in drug discovery to exploit many classes of drug target, the ubiquitin system still remains a largely untapped medicinal chemistry opportunity. (ddw-online.com)
In this article, we propose that chemical libraries which target the ubiquitin system are the missing keys to unlock the therapeutic potential of ubiquitin system drug discovery. (ddw-online.com)
Ubiquitin-Proteasome System As A Therapeutic Target: Does Tubulin Care? (cytoskeleton.com)
Neuste Untersuchen zeigen, dass die posttranslationale Modifikation von Proteinen durch das Ubiquitin-System ein bedeutender Regulationsmechanismus in der neuronalen Entwicklung und der Funktion von neuronalen Systemen darstellt. (uni-goettingen.de)
Such turnover occurs primarily through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is central to a variety of cell regulatory mechanisms, many of medical relevance including many cancers. (yale.edu)
We also study endosymbiotic bacteria that live in eukaryotic cellsand often manipulate their hosts by causing changes to the ubiquitin system. (yale.edu)
The ubiquitin system has only recently come under close scrutiny, and an extraordinary array of cell regulatory functions is gradually being uncovered. (yale.edu)

Once the infection is under control, the body stops the inflammatory response to prevent damage to its own cells and tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ABHD11-AS1 levels are up-regulated in lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) tissues and associated with worse overall survival of LUAD patients but not in lung squamous cell carcinomas. (cdc.gov)

Consistent with abnormal activation of Notch signaling and impaired repair of DSBs in Rnf8-mutant mammary epithelial cells, we observed increased risk of mammary tumorigenesis in mouse models for RNF8 deficiency. (jci.org)

Denatured bovine ubiquitin. (enzolifesciences.com)

Here we show that A20 downregulates NF-kappaB signalling through the cooperative activity of its two ubiquitin-editing domains. (nih.gov)
Here we define a novel ubiquitin ligase domain and identify two sequential mechanisms by which A20 downregulates NF-kappaB signalling. (nih.gov)
Deregulated or dysfunctional ubiquitin signalling can lead to diseases such as cancer, inflammatory conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. (edu.au)
Because of its strong disease associations, ubiquitin signalling presents a large, untapped opportunity for generating new medicines for conditions such as Parkinson's disease. (edu.au)

There is still little understanding of how gene mutations in B-cells are responsible for causing the abnormal growth of B-cells. (lls.org)
In our studies, we have found the mechanism that control KLHL6 function, allowing us to regulate if not block the abnormal growth of B-cells. (lls.org)

Entrez Gene: UBB ubiquitin B". Conaway RC, Brower CS, Conaway JW (2002). (wikipedia.org)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF8 plays critical roles in maintaining genomic stability by promoting the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through ubiquitin signaling. (jci.org)

Anatomy14

Organisms5

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes45

Information Science3

Ligases7

Proteins29

Pathway14

Degradation13

Poly-ubiquitin3

Regulates7

Ubiquitination3

Linear ubiquitin chains5

Conjugation and deconjugation1

Proliferation7

Regulation6

Enzymes3

Apoptosis7

Chains8

Signal Transduction1

Ligase activity2

Specific peptidase1

Molecules1

Nuclear4

Tumor10

Biol1

Covalently attached1

Binds1

Cellular6

Dysfunction1

Phosphorylation3

Substrate1

UBE2N1

Transmembrane1

Eukaryotic cells2

Biology2

Pathways1

Ligation1

Regulator5

Modification1

Conjugates2

Resides1

Insights2

Human8

Genes2

Progression3

Transcription1

Ovarian1

UBLs1

Hrd1p2

System11

Tissues2

Mammary epithelial cells1

Bovine1

Signalling4

Abnormal2

20021

Roles1