• Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Yet, if and how the tissue environment shapes the antigen specificity of iNKT cells remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)
  • This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Nonetheless, how signals from the tissue environment shape the iNKT cell population to best fit their function in their tissues of residency remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • Where polyclonal antibodies are purified directly from the serum of the immunized host, and monoclonals are purified from either hybridoma-derived tissue culture supernatant or ascites, recombinant antibodies are instead purified from the tissue culture supernatants of transfected host cell lines. (cellsignal.com)
  • Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show distinct substrate specificities for various MAP kinases, different tissue distribution and subcellular localization, and different modes of inducibility of their expression by extracellular stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • Cell atlas of the human ocular anterior segment: Tissue-specific and shared cell types. (harvard.edu)
  • Precious" samples, such as limited cells or tissue, impact the permissible volume for testing. (genengnews.com)
  • Using exfoliated cells or saliva to screen and monitor for oral lesions also means that the need for invasive tissue biopsies could be greatly reduced. (europa.eu)
  • Positive staining can only be observed inside the thyroid cells and the follicle in thyroid tissue. (novusbio.com)
  • NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Other common examples include: ADK1 (Arabidopsis dual specificity kinase 1) CLK1, CLK2, CLK3, CLK4 DSTYK DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK2, DYRK3, DYRK4 Mps1p TESK1, TESK2 TTK The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:protein phosphotransferase (Ser/Thr- and Tyr-phosphorylating). (wikipedia.org)
  • 2009) and by Meyer et al (2010), who used this promoter to complement the mrp5-1 mutant phenotype exclusively in guard cells, and to specifically express the AtLMT12 protein at high levels in guard cells, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells, insulin-treated (left) and LY294002-treated (#9901, right), using Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser240/244) (D68F8) XP ® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor 488 ® Conjugate) (green). (cellsignal.com)
  • If you require a native form of the protein please use the live cell version - found here . (abcam.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. (nih.gov)
  • Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen. (harvard.edu)
  • Protein kinases and their substrates regulate essentially all cellular processes through complex regulatory networks, in which phosphorylated proteins act as switches that tune the response of the cell to environmental stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prediction of peptide specificity is therefore the basis for most of the available computational methods aimed at predicting substrates of protein kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, for complex biological matrices, antibody selection can be challenging since protein targets secreted from cells into cell culture media or serum may be cleaved or modified, altering epitope recognition-hence the benefit of using protease cocktail inhibitors. (genengnews.com)
  • The sulfated saccharide domains provide numerous docking sites for protein ligands and are abundantly expressed at cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix as part of proteoglycans (PGs). (silverchair.com)
  • CRTH-2, also known as GPR44, is a 7TM G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed by activated Th2 cells and eosinophils. (rndsystems.com)
  • The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Carrier protein specificity was also demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
  • Early results suggest that specific cell mediated immunity can be induced by parenteral immunization of Hartley-guinea-pigs with isocyanate /protein conjugates emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. (cdc.gov)
  • This protein is part of a signaling pathway called the RAS/MAPK pathway, which transmits chemical signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genetic changes abnormally activate the protein, which disrupts the tightly regulated RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in many types of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The expression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 has been shown to be deregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), where different T-ALL cells display a differential response to the BCL2-specific inhibitor venetoclax. (lu.se)
  • In the body, these toxins inhibit protein synthesis leading to cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • In biochemistry, a dual-specificity kinase (EC 2.7.12.1) is a kinase that can act as both tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinase. (wikipedia.org)
  • MEKs, involved in MAP pathways, are principal examples of dual-specificity kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • DUSP9, a Dual-Specificity Phosphatase with a Key Role in Cell Biology and Human Diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 9 in Placenta and Its Relationship with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. (nih.gov)
  • At CST, we adhere to the Hallmarks of Antibody Validation™ , six complementary strategies for determining the specificity, sensitivity, and functionality of an antibody in any given assay. (cellsignal.com)
  • In hematopathology practice, abnormal expression of CD103 on B cells is detected by flow cytometry in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and, in combination with other phenotypic and morphologic findings, provides diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. (allenpress.com)
  • Our classification model achieved excellent sensitivity and specificity," notes Lyng. (europa.eu)
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Phosphorylation of Clb5-specific targets during S phase was reduced by replacing Clb5 with Clb2 or by mutating the substrate RXL motif, confirming the importance of Clb5 specificity in vivo . (nature.com)
  • The tight regulation by Socs3 of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation and gene transcription after cytokine receptor ligation significantly influences the fate of myeloid progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed enrichment of cytokine signaling in all three cell lines which was supported by the phospho-kinase array where STAT5 phosphorylation was found to be elevated in resistant cells. (lu.se)
  • By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
  • Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Beyond the common features shared by all iNKT cells (including their CD1-restriction and innate-like properties), cells found in discrete tissues have distinct phenotypes and functions that critically modulate the outcome of immunity ( Crosby and Kronenberg, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • In the qualitative model, cell cycle events are ordered by distinct substrate specificities of successive cyclin waves. (crick.ac.uk)
  • These complex and simple cells with differential degree of OS may provide functionally distinct signals to different downstream targets. (jneurosci.org)
  • Distinct homeostatic cell interactions control directionality, coordination and integrity of the migratory unit. (igbmc.fr)
  • First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The Gag-AI9/H-2K(d) epitope elicited high-avidity CD8 T cell populations with architecturally diverse clonotypic repertoires that displayed potent lytic activity in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast, the Pol-LI9/H-2D(d) epitope elicited motif-constrained CD8 T cell repertoires that displayed lower levels of physical avidity and lytic activity despite equivalent measures of overall clonality. (nih.gov)
  • Although low-dose vaccination enhanced the functional profiles of both epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations, greater polyfunctionality was apparent within the Pol-LI9/H-2D(d) specificity. (nih.gov)
  • However, there were no noteworthy phenotypic differences between epitope-specific CD8 T cell populations across vaccine doses or time points. (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, these data indicate that the functional and phenotypic properties of vaccine-induced CD8 T cell populations are sensitive to dose manipulation, yet constrained by epitope specificity in a clonotype-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
  • While polyclonal antibodies are secreted by many different B cell clones and recognize multiple antigenic epitopes, monoclonals originate from a single B cell clone and are specific for just one epitope. (cellsignal.com)
  • A study in Nature suggests epitope editing in donor stem cells prior to bone marrow transplants can stave off toxicity when targeting acute myeloid leukemia with immunotherapy. (genomeweb.com)
  • After cloning the antibody genes into an expression vector, this is then transfected into an appropriate host cell line for antibody expression. (cellsignal.com)
  • Mammalian cell lines are most commonly used for recombinant antibody production, although cell lines of bacterial, yeast, or insect origin are also suitable. (cellsignal.com)
  • Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Western Blot Analysis: A 1:500 dilution of this antibody detected VEGF on 10 µg of NIH/3T3 cell lysate. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Current research is focused on the mechanisms that regulate SMAD activity to evoke cell-type-specific and context-dependent transcriptional programmes. (nature.com)
  • Specifically, as they wanted to analyze this interaction in human cells, they decided to utilize nuclease-inactive dCas9-based transcriptional activators where endogenous gene activation can serve as a sensitive measure of dCas9 binding to target DNA. (genomeweb.com)
  • Cytokine-induced expression of transcriptional regulators including cebpb, Ets2, Bcl3, c-Myc, Jun, and Fosl2 are differentially regulated in Socs3-deficient cells. (nih.gov)
  • AtMYB60 is specifically expressed in guard cells and down-regulated at the transcriptional levels by the phytohormone ABA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Miller, M. E. & Cross, F. R. Cyclin specificity: how many wheels do you need on a unicycle? (nature.com)
  • Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
  • Two models have been put forward for cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) control of the cell cycle. (crick.ac.uk)
  • A single cyclin can also replace all G1 cyclins to support ordered cell cycle progression, fulfilling key predictions of the quantitative model. (crick.ac.uk)
  • However, single-cyclin cells fail to polarize or grow buds and thus cannot survive. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Our results suggest that budding yeast has become dependent on G1 cyclin specificity to couple cell cycle progression to essential morphogenetic events. (crick.ac.uk)
  • Significance Statement Signaling in off-target immune cells has hindered the effectiveness of IL-2 as an immunotherapeutic. (biorxiv.org)
  • We show that bivalent IL-2 muteins exhibit more regulatory T cell-selective signaling than monovalent forms. (biorxiv.org)
  • A prominent phenotypic outcome of γ c receptor signaling is lymphoproliferation, and so the cytokines are often observed to be an endogenous or exogenous mechanism for altering the balance of immune cell types. (biorxiv.org)
  • RAS/MAPK signaling helps control the growth and division (proliferation) of cells, the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions (differentiation), cell movement (migration), and the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • The increased signaling disrupts the regulation of bone cell proliferation and allows new bone to grow abnormally. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This change likely results in increased activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway in cells throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In order to determine which elements of cellular responses to cytokines require Socs3, we have examined the differentiative and proliferative capacity of hematopoietic progenitor cells stimulated by G-CSF and IL-6. (nih.gov)
  • The common γ-chain receptor cytokines are promising immune therapies due to their central role in coordinating the proliferation and activity of various immune cell populations. (biorxiv.org)
  • One of these cytokines, interleukin (IL)-2, has potential as a therapy in autoimmunity but is limited in effectiveness by its modest specificity toward regulatory T cells (T reg s). (biorxiv.org)
  • The expression of VEGF is potentiated and is secreted by tumor cells in response to hypoxia, by activated oncogenes, and by a variety of cytokines. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The differentiation of Socs3-deficient progenitor cells is skewed toward macrophage production in response to G-CSF or IL-6, whereas wild-type progenitor cells produce mainly neutrophils. (nih.gov)
  • Plays a role in various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. (abcam.com)
  • May have a role in muscle cell differentiation. (abcam.com)
  • The analysis of the signals controlling stem cell differentiation and reprogramming has recently drawn much attention, due to potential medical applications. (igbmc.fr)
  • Our goal is to study the molecular and the epigenetic events controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming. (igbmc.fr)
  • Within peripheral tissues iNKT cell recent thymic emigrants exhibit a different TCR repertoire than mature cells, suggesting that the iNKT population is shaped after arrival to the periphery. (elifesciences.org)
  • During development, many cells move as cohorts to attain their final destination and shape both tissues and organs. (igbmc.fr)
  • The good news is that optical spectroscopic techniques have shown promise in characterising tissues, cells and biofluids. (europa.eu)
  • But for the most part, normal tissues and 9 cell lines). (lu.se)
  • Together, our results demonstrate that OS of complex and simple cells is differentially shaped by cortical inhibition based on its orientation tuning profile relative to excitation, which is contributed at least partially by the spatial organization of RFs of presynaptic inhibitory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)
  • These findings shed light on the regulation of gene expression in guard cells and provide new promoter modules as useful tools for manipulating gene expression in guard cells, both for physiological studies and future biotechnological applications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aberrant expression of this gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and cancer progression in several cell types. (nih.gov)
  • Until recently, the phenotypic workup for HCL predominantly relied on flow cytometry, which allows targeted analysis of B-cell subpopulations (gating on CD19/CD20-positive B cells and allowing separation of B cells based on intensity of CD20 expression and on side/forward scatter properties). (allenpress.com)
  • Differences in receptor and cell-specific expression in these species suggest that differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures may be superior for evaluation of some human strains, while the mouse can provide a model for studying avian strains that preferentially bind only the α2,3-linked SA receptor. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we observed that the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2 family genes, such as BCL2, BCL2L1, and MCL1, is highly varied in T-ALL patients, and inhibitors targeting proteins coded by these genes display differential responses in T-ALL cell lines. (lu.se)
  • These cell lines displayed differential BCL2 and BCL2L1 expression. (lu.se)
  • To understand how cells developed venetoclax resistance, we monitored the expression of BCL2, BCL2L1, and MCL1 over the treatment period and compared gene expression between resistant cells and parental sensitive cells. (lu.se)
  • We observed a different trend of regulation in terms of BCL2 family gene expression and global gene expression profile including genes reported to be expressed in cancer stem cells. (lu.se)
  • The researchers also showed that hp-sgRNAs increased the specificity of gene editing using five different Cas9 or Cas12a variants, demonstrating that RNA secondary structures can tune the activity of diverse CRISPR systems. (genomeweb.com)
  • In order to increase the specificity of class 2 CRISPR systems and reduce off-target effects, the researchers began with the general strategy of reducing the energetics of DNA interrogation by the Cas9-sgRNA complex. (genomeweb.com)
  • Importantly, further experiments found that similar to high-fidelity Cas9 variants, hp-sgRNAs do not mediate specificity increases through a decrease in binding. (genomeweb.com)
  • Knockout cell lysate achieved by CRISPR/Cas9. (abcam.com)
  • Disruptive mutations in private receptors can lead to more selective reductions in cell types such as regulatory T cells (T reg s) with IL-2Rα or T cells with IL-7Rα ( 1 ) . (biorxiv.org)
  • Conversely, activating mutations in these receptors, such as IL-7Rα, promote cancers such as B and T cell leukemias ( 3 ) . (biorxiv.org)
  • Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • Important determinants for virus infection are epithelial cell receptors identified as glycans terminated by an α2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) that preferentially bind avian strains and glycans terminated by an α2,6-linked SA that bind human strains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • however, the selectivity for infection of specific respiratory cell populations is not well described, and any relationship between receptors in the mouse and human lungs is incompletely understood. (elsevierpure.com)
  • NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, high specificity of circulating ASCs after antigenic challenge highlights the diagnostic value of interrogating ASCs as an ideal single-time-point diagnostic immune surrogate for serology during acute infection. (syr.edu)
  • Three controls had either anti-Ku, anti-NXP2 or anti-Mi-2α by LB (mean 20 units), corresponding to a total diagnostic specificity of 99.7% ( table 1 ). (bmj.com)
  • Transfecting sgRNA variants and a dCas9-P300 transactivator into human cells, we observed that hp-sgRNAs can tune gene activation at the target locus, suggesting modulation of dCas9 binding. (genomeweb.com)
  • However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Guard cell specificity of the AtMYB60 promoter has been also demonstrated by Nagy et al . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the RNAP holoenzyme, sigma factors provide promoter recognition specificity to the polymerase and contribute to DNA strand separation, then they dissociate from RNAP core enzyme and transcription initiation follows [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Besides the vegetative sigma factor, which recognizes the "standard" promoter, many bacteria possess alternative sigma factors that confer altered promoter specificity upon RNAP [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Micro-aspiration of gut bacteria or movement of sensitized immune cells through lymph or bloodstream can also influence immune response of other organs. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • One possibility is that CC inputs specifically modulate neurons projecting back to the source of those inputs (looped neurons) indirectly via intermediary inhibitory or excitatory cells in the local circuit. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Pap test is a cervical cancer prevention test that tracks preneoplastic changes in cervical epithelial cells. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, using in vitro human and mouse airway epithelial cell models and in vivo mouse infection, we found that the α2.3-linked SA receptor was expressed in ciliated airway and type II alveolar epithelial cells and was targeted for cell-specific infection in both species. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In human airway epithelial cells, α2,6-linked SA was expressed and functional in both ciliated and goblet cells, providing expanded cellular tropism. (elsevierpure.com)
  • After the slide was gram stained the slide was scanned under a microscope using low power objective to locate clusters of epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite this prototypical TCR repertoire gene usage, in recent years it has become apparent that there are variations within the iNKT cell repertoire that ultimately impact the antigen recognition capacity and consequently the functional outcomes during an immune response. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although nonfunctional islet cell tumors are not uncommon at autopsy, most islet cell tumors with clinical manifestations are functional. (medscape.com)
  • The defining functional feature of NK cells remains their intrinsic ability to conduct "natural killing" of cellular targets without prior sensitization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using subcellular channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in mouse visual cortex, we compared feedforward (FF) or feedback (FB) cortico-cortical (CC) synaptic input to cells projecting back to the input source (looped neurons) with cells projecting to a different cortical or subcortical area. (elifesciences.org)
  • Determination and inference of eukaryotic transcription factor sequence specificity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most commonly studied isoforms are VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189 (f, d and b, respectively) All seven isoforms differ in their molecular mass and in biological properties such as their ability to bind to cell-surface heparan-sulfate proteoglycans. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • 2 3 Our aim was to compare a LB version with 16 specificities and an IP-based algorithm, as well as to describe clinical associations to autoantibody specificities in a cohort of patients classified as IIM. (bmj.com)
  • By using a panel of 301 overlapping peptides, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a cohort of 14 anti-HCV-positive, HLA A2-positive individuals in an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In total, these findings represent a comprehensive analysis of how ligand properties, and their consequent effects on surface receptor-ligand interactions, translate to selective activation of immune cell populations. (biorxiv.org)
  • We developed a dual immunostaining approach using a B-cell marker, Pax5, expressed in the nucleus, in combination with a membrane marker, CD103. (allenpress.com)
  • In this regard, we developed a dual immunohistochemical stain based on CD103 and a nuclear B-cell marker, Pax5, to specifically identify the B cells of HCL that coexpress Pax5 and CD103. (allenpress.com)
  • NEW YORK (GenomeWeb) - Duke University researchers reported today in a new study that they were able to increase the specificity of CRISPR-based gene editing by several orders of magnitude by engineering a hairpin secondary structure onto the spacer region of single guide RNAs (hp-sgRNAs) and combining them with various CRISPR effectors. (genomeweb.com)
  • We used a tensor-structured dimensionality reduction scheme to decompose the responses of each cell population to each ligand over a range of time points and cytokine concentrations. (biorxiv.org)
  • Clb5 specificity depended on an interaction between a hydrophobic patch in Clb5 and a short sequence in the substrate (the RXL or Cy motif). (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Clb5 specificity depends on an interaction between the Clb5 hydrophobic patch and an RXL motif in the substrate. (nature.com)
  • Here, by combining in vivo loose-patch and whole-cell recordings, we found that complex cells, identified by their overlapping on/off subfields, had significantly weaker OS than simple cells at both spiking and subthreshold membrane potential response levels. (jneurosci.org)
  • The researchers also found that hp-sgRNAs increased the specificity of gene editing with SaCas9 and AsCas12a proteins as well. (genomeweb.com)
  • The MAP2K1 gene mutations that cause cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome are germline mutations, which means that they are present in cells throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Somatic mutations in the MAP2K1 gene have been reported in several forms of blood cell cancer (leukemia and lymphoma), lung cancer , and a form of skin cancer called melanoma . (medlineplus.gov)
  • The authors used artificial neural croarrays is to study changes in gene ex- .nature organ the tumor arose from, how big it networks (ANNs) to identify gene-ex- pression that accompany changes in is, and what it looks like after it has pression signatures associated with spe- cell physiology, such as during develop- been imbedded in wax and colored cific subtypes of tumors. (lu.se)
  • Clinical features of the syndrome depend on tumor cell type. (medscape.com)
  • VEGF is secreted by tumor cells and other cells exposed to hypoxia. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Beta globin is common to all mammalian cells and it is reasonable to expect that some human cells will be present in the sample. (cdc.gov)
  • Instead, the Committee recommended further consultation in view of a forthcoming international meeting on the safety of biologicals prepared from mammalian cell substrates. (who.int)
  • A major challenge in developmental biology is to understand how cell diversity is generated and how cells interact to build the sophisticated metazoan architecture. (igbmc.fr)
  • Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pancreatic islet cell tumors may secrete 2 or more polypeptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Islet cell tumors in this group are often multiple and malignant. (medscape.com)
  • This article reviews the role of imaging in the management of islet cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • No universally agreed-upon algorithm exists in the radiologic investigation of pancratic neuroendocrine (islet cell) tumors of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • 0 blue-cell tumors (SRBCTs), which type, 41 (including 7 expressed often masquerade as each other. (lu.se)
  • Mice with Socs3 deleted specifically in hematopoietic cells succumb to severe neutrophil and macrophage-driven inflammation by 1 year of age, and responses to G-CSF are grossly exacerbated. (nih.gov)
  • Strikingly, synergistic responses to costimulation with stem cell factor and IL-6 (but not G-CSF) are lost at higher concentrations in Socs3-deficient progenitor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Proper engineering of stomatal responses requires the use of guard cell-specific promoters, or the identification of guard cell-specific mutants, to avoid undesirable side effects on plant growth and productivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bystander or nonspecific ASC responses to respiratory syncytial virus and tetanus could not be detected above the background levels in healthy adults, despite the presence of circulating memory B cells specific for the corresponding Ags. (syr.edu)
  • Comprehensive analysis of CD8(+)-T-cell responses against hepatitis C virus reveals multiple unpredicted specificities. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In order to determine the actual breadth and magnitude of CD8(+)-T-cell responses in the context of diverse HLA class I alleles, we performed a comprehensive analysis of responses to all expressed HCV proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results indicate that circulating HCV-specific CD8(+)-T-cell responses can be detected in PBMC in the majority of infected persons and that these responses are heterogeneous with no immunodominant epitopes consistently recognized. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Since responses to epitopes restricted by single HLA alleles such as HLA A2 do not predict the overall response in an individual, more comprehensive approaches, as shown here, should facilitate definition of the role of the CD8(+)-T-cell response in HCV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CRTH-2 binds Prostaglandin D2 and induces chemotaxis of these cells in allergic and inflammatory immune responses. (rndsystems.com)
  • These ANN ment, cell-cycle progression, drug treat- with different dyes. (lu.se)
  • Please note a wild-type cell line is not automatically included with a knockout cell line order, if required please add recommended wild-type cell line at no additional cost using the code WILDTYPE-TMTK1. (abcam.com)
  • Access thousands of knockout cell lysates, generated from commonly used cancer cell lines. (abcam.com)
  • See here for more information on knockout cell lysates. (abcam.com)
  • In mouse V1, although previous studies have examined the excitatory/inhibitory interplay underlying orientation selectivity (OS) of simple cells, the synaptic bases for that of complex cells have remained obscure. (jneurosci.org)
  • In mouse V1, we report that complex cells, identified by their overlapping on/off subfields, has significantly weaker orientation selectivity (OS) than simple cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • This can be primarily attributed to the differential tuning selectivity of inhibitory synaptic input: inhibition in complex cells is more narrowly tuned than excitation, whereas in simple cells inhibition is more broadly tuned than excitation. (jneurosci.org)
  • FF and FB afferents showed similar cell-type selectivity, making stronger connections with looped neurons than with other projection types in layer (L)5 and L6, but not in L2/3, resulting in selective modulation of activity in looped neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • Surges of serum Abs after immunization and infection are highly specific for the offending Ag, and recent studies demonstrate that vaccines induce transient increases in circulating Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). (syr.edu)
  • Human wild-type Hep G2 cell line ( ab275467 ). (abcam.com)
  • To test this model, we measure the ability of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection or immunizations to influenza virus, tetanus toxoid, hepatitis B Ag, and human papillomavirus to stimulate bystander memory cells specific for other major environmental Ags that represent a large fraction of the preexisting memory B compartment. (syr.edu)
  • Hence, nonspecific stimulation of memory B cells is unlikely to contribute to the mechanisms of long-term serological memory against major human pathogens. (syr.edu)
  • Fuel cell sensor is unaffected by acetone, paint and glue fumes, foods, confections, methane, and practically any other substance found in the human breath. (alcoholtest.com)
  • Stains human CRTH-2-transfected cells but not parental cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • Interestingly, the differential synaptic tuning correlated well with the spatial organization of synaptic input: the inhibitory visual RF in complex cells was more elongated in shape than its excitatory counterpart and also was more elongated than that in simple cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • We characterized two immunodominant CD8 T cell populations generated in response to immunization of BALB/c mice with a replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5 vector expressing the HIV-derived Gag and Pol proteins at equivalent levels. (nih.gov)
  • Despite progress toward understanding the correlates of protective T cell immunity in HIV infection, the optimal approach to Ag delivery by vaccination remains uncertain. (nih.gov)
  • Since iNKT cell activation can prevent or promote immunopathology in diverse disease contexts, the strict control of peripheral iNKT cell homeostasis is vital to regulate local immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Experiments dealing with cell mediated immunity to isocyanate s were in progress. (cdc.gov)
  • Hence, it is desirable to start with a biochemical assay followed by a cell-based assay to corroborate results in a physiological context (that is, to provide orthogonal validation). (genengnews.com)