Fully differentiatedTumorsSomaticTerminally differentiatedGenesEpithelial cellsBone marrowTissuesConnective tissuAdipose tissueProgenitorsDivideLineagesPluripotent cellsTherapiesCellularDendritic cellsEmbryoTumorNeuronsAntibodySubtypesProliferationRegenerative medicinePoorlyMesenchymalHematopoieticExhibitLymphoidEmbryonic stemScientistsStem Cell ResAdipocytesPrecursorsProcessesESCsProteinUndergoAntigenCalled induced pluriEndothelial cellsNucleiProliferateSignalsSarcomatoidMyocytesAutoreactiveGermVivoLymphomasImmatureAdult stemOrganismsCell'sFibroblastsBiologyEmbryosDifferentiation potentialEnterocytesAbility to self-renewTotipotentStromalRevert backPartiallyPrecursorMechanisms
Fully differentiated5
- This has been studied mainly in the small intestine, where different cell types such as enterocyte progenitors 4 , more differentiated secretory Bmi1 + cells 3 , or even fully differentiated Paneth cells can repopulate crypts upon injury. (nature.com)
- A fully differentiated cell can return to a state of totipotency. (wikipedia.org)
- Cellular therapies produce mainly effector CD8-positive T cells that are fully differentiated to attack cells bearing specific antigens. (newswise.com)
- A process where fully differentiated or specialized cells revert to pluripotency or a less differentiated cell type. (bvsalud.org)
- The process that reverts CELL NUCLEI of fully differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent or totipotent state. (bvsalud.org)
Tumors12
- We directed to develop a book medication treatment for the intense type 2 EC tumors. (bio2009.org)
- We examined the speculation that these badly differentiated EC tumors would respond to hormonal treatment if FTS could induce their difference. (bio2009.org)
- It s possible that by targeting this gene with drugs, we may be able to convert malignant B-cell lymphomas into much less harmful histiocytomas, tumors composed of relatively inactive macrophages. (innovations-report.com)
- Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
- A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
- Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate from other tumors such as adenocarcinoma on histologic analysis alone. (diagnosticimaging.com)
- NK cells reject tumors and cells infected by viruses. (differencebetween.net)
- Present cellular therapies include chimeric antigen receptor T cells - genetically modified to attack a specific target and used to treat B cell blood cancers - and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes harvested from tumors used to treat melanoma. (newswise.com)
- The CD34 protein is a hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen that occurs in a variety of mesenchymal tumors. (medscape.com)
- When cytogenetic testing is unavailable (eg, culture failure) or when its results are uninformative, order a RT-PCR reaction to assess for the characteristic translocations associated with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and other small, round blue-cell tumors of childhood. (medscape.com)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the small, round blue-cell tumors of childhood. (medscape.com)
- Occasionally, these types of tumors can be difficult to differentiate. (medscape.com)
Somatic5
- Induced pluripotent stem cells, commonly abbreviated as iPS cells or iPSCs, are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, typically an adult somatic cell, by inducing a "forced" expression of certain genes and transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
- These transcription factors play a key role in determining the state of these cells and also highlights the fact that these somatic cells do preserve the same genetic information as early embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The observation that most autoantibodies in traditionally autoantibody-mediated diseases are of the IgG isotype and carry somatic mutations strongly suggests T-cell help in the autoimmune B-cell response. (hindawi.com)
- WAT can transdifferentiate (transforms from one mature somatic cell type into another) into BAT. (news-medical.net)
- In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Terminally differentiated2
- It appears there is at least a small window where terminally differentiated cells vacillate on which identity to adopt. (innovations-report.com)
- In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)
Genes11
- marker genes Computational marker genes for this cell type are unavailable at this time. (cziscience.com)
- We demonstrate that while Rspo3 from myofibroblasts maintains colonic Lgr5 + cells during homeostasis, during injury its main function is not to maintain Lgr5 + cells but to interact with more differentiated cells that express Lgr4 but not Lgr5 and are able to regain expression of Wnt target genes and generate new crypts. (nature.com)
- Thus, we know that the simple cells of an egg are preformed in the sense that they contain a preformed instruction set for development which is encoded in their genes. (encyclopedia.com)
- Subsequent studies of the bacterial genome, including multilocus sequence typing of housekeeping genes, has demonstrated that large colony-forming human GCS and GGS are members of 1 species, S . dysgalactiae subsp. (cdc.gov)
- Chimeras can pass on genes from embryonic stem cells to their offspring. (eurostemcell.org)
- Researchers can precisely alter the genes of ES cells in the lab, put the cells back into blastocysts, and produce new mice that contain the modified genes. (eurostemcell.org)
- Scientists use genetically altered mice made from ES cells to study genes involved in many human diseases. (eurostemcell.org)
- Scientists have long had the tools to identify the genes being transcribed in a single cell. (acs.org)
- Our scientists pursue every aspect of cancer research-from exploring the biology of genes and cells, to developing immune-based treatments, uncovering the causes of metastasis, and more. (mskcc.org)
- To further confirm the central memory properties of treated cells, the team assessed expression of genes involved in differentiating T cells and found expression of central-memory differentiating genes to be highly expressed on the identified central memory cells generated by the combination. (newswise.com)
- explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
Epithelial cells11
- The majority of epithelial cells are therefore short-lived, in contrast to a limited number of long-lived stem cells in the base of the crypts. (nature.com)
- To answer this question, the crypts that produce the dome epithelial cells were studied and the distribution of M cells over the domes was determined in mice. (nih.gov)
- The domes of Peyer's patches were supplied with epithelial cells that derived from two types of crypt: specialized dome-associated crypts and ordinary crypts differing not only in shape, size, and cellular composition but also in the presence of M cell precursors. (nih.gov)
- When epithelial cells derived from ordinary crypts entered the domes, they formed converging radial strips devoid of M cells. (nih.gov)
- Only dome epithelial cells that derive from these specialized crypts differentiate into M cells. (nih.gov)
- Currently we are collecting and growing epithelial cells from the ocular surface of donor eye tissues. (stanford.edu)
- We hypothesize that iPSC reprogrammed from ocular epithelial cells will be more efficient in differentiating into ocular lineages and exhibit higher functionality than non-ocular sources such as fibroblasts or blood. (stanford.edu)
- We intend to harness the inherent epigenetic memory of the ocular epithelial cells for superior and quicker protocol to regenerate cornea. (stanford.edu)
- NRG1α was detected in serous cells within normal submucosal glands and in epithelial cells lining honeycombing areas in IPF, and was not detected in other patients. (bmj.com)
- Conclusion Expression of SOX2 and MUC5B and lack of SPDEF in atypically differentiated cells of bronchiolised distal airspaces are consistent with abnormal programming of airway epithelial cells in IPF. (bmj.com)
- A layer of cells that separate the epithelial cells and other tissue cells. (ucsfhealth.org)
Bone marrow16
- For example, hematopoietic stem cells are a type of adult stem cell found in bone marrow. (healthline.com)
- Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
- Central tolerance occurs during lymphocyte development in the primary lymphoid organs (i.e. thymus and bone marrow), where T or B cell clones that recognize autoantigens with high-affinity are deleted. (frontiersin.org)
- When blood-forming hematopoietic stem cells that reside in the bone marrow age, the production of blood cells is altered, and the body's ability to regenerate lost cells is impaired. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A recent study in mice shows that aging is linked to the inflammation of cells in the bone marrow. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The bone marrow is the main site for hematopoiesis , the process of new blood cells forming via the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) dividing and differentiating. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- All these cells, along with blood vessels and the extracellular matrix, form the bone marrow niche . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The bone marrow niche includes cells belonging to the stroma, which includes mesenchymal stromal cells , adipocytes (fat cells), nerve cells, connective tissue cells, and cells involved in bone formation and remodeling. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The endothelial cells that form the lining of these blood vessels are also a major part of the bone marrow niche. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The study found that bone marrow niche cells that support the functioning of HSCs played a key role in blood aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In the present study, the researchers performed several analysis in the hindlimb, forelimb, and pelvic bones from young and old mice to examine the impact of aging on the interaction between the bone marrow niche and hematopoietic cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Both continue their development in the bone marrow through an antigen-independent process called primary lymphopoiesis (PL). Recognized stages of PL are pro-B cell, pre-B cell, immature B cell, and mature B cell. (medscape.com)
- A medical procedure in which healthy bone marrow stem cells are injected into the body to replace damaged or diseased bone marrow. (mayo.edu)
- In mammals, immature B-cells are formed in the bone marrow, where its name is derived from. (differencebetween.net)
- In total, 1-10% of nucleated cells in adipose tissue are ADSCs, whereas only 0.0001-0.01% of nucleated cells in bone marrow are stem cells ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. (ucsfhealth.org)
Tissues17
- These stem cells come from developed organs and tissues in the body. (healthline.com)
- The possibilities arising from these characteristics have resulted in great commercial interest, with potential applications ranging from the use of stem cells in reversal and treatment of disease, to targeted cell therapy, tissue regeneration, pharmacological testing on cell-specific tissues, and more. (prnewswire.com)
- A decrease in hemoglobin can lead to a shortage of oxygen in cells and tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- The knowledge gained from separating and identifying different cells types of the eye will provide greater understanding into the physiology and overall function of the various eye tissues. (stanford.edu)
- Students will be able to explain the basic characteristics and functions of living cells and their relationship to tissues and organ systems. (np.edu.sg)
- In this work, pathways governing mucus cell differentiation were investigated in lung tissues from patients with IPF and other chronic pulmonary disorders. (bmj.com)
- Researchers are learning how cells assemble into complex tissues, such as the layers of the brain, by attempting to grow primitive organs in the lab. (eurostemcell.org)
- In addition to their ability to supply cells at the turnover rate of their respective tissues, they can be stimulated to repair injured tissue caused by liver damage, skin abrasions and blood loss. (thefutureofthings.com)
- The ability of our body to regenerate some of its tissues is largely owed to the reserves of adult stem cells. (thefutureofthings.com)
- Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics protocols have been developed to generate adult stem cell-derived bonelike, nerve-like and heart-like tissues. (mayo.edu)
- Transplanting organs, tissues or cells from one person to another. (mayo.edu)
- Transplanting tissues or cells from one area of a person's own body to another. (mayo.edu)
- Using specific types of stem cells to repair damaged tissues and treat disease. (mayo.edu)
- The cells derived from these tissues constitute a model system for studying the brain cell biology of these disorders, according to Gage. (salk.edu)
- Adult stem cells (ASCs) are present in organs and tissues, where it remains in a not proliferative state 12 . (bvsalud.org)
- 3) From which tissues stem cells are possibly obtained? (bvsalud.org)
- 5) Is it possible to obtain stem cells from dental tissues? (bvsalud.org)
Connective tissu1
- Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been characterized as having the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different connective tissue cells, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myocytes, under specific inductive stimuli ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Adipose tissue2
- In mammals, two types of adipose tissue have been observed: White Adipose Tissue, (WAT), which stores excess energy as triglycerides, and Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), which dissipates stored energy as heat. (news-medical.net)
- We extract adipose tissue, and draw stem cells from them in the lab, which are further cultivated and multiplied. (medicaltourismco.com)
Progenitors1
- CLP differentiates into 2 intermediate progenitors: early B cells and T/NK/dendritic trilineage cells. (medscape.com)
Divide9
- This constant replacement of the epithelium is driven by cells located in the base of colonic crypts, which constantly divide and give rise to the various differentiated cell types. (nature.com)
- totipotentia, "ability for all [things]") is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the differentiated cells in an organism. (wikipedia.org)
- To find new ways to treat triple-negative breast cancer, researchers have differentiated cancer cells to convert them into less harmful cells that no longer divide. (unibas.ch)
- Stem cell research and experimentation have been in process for well over five decades, as stem cells have the unique ability to divide and replicate repeatedly. (prnewswire.com)
- Besides producing daughter HSCs after cell division, HSCs also produce different progenitor cell types that, in turn, divide to produce specific types of mature blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells can divide and differentiate into a number of cell types, including bone, cartilage, and adipocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- At the top of the list comes the zygote-a fertilized egg, which of course has the ability to divide and differentiate into all cell types in the body and create a new organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
- As the embryonic cells divide and the daughter cells differentiate, they become increasingly specific. (thefutureofthings.com)
- La Jolla, CA - Salk Institute scientists have isolated cells from the brains of human cadavers that can grow, divide and form specialized classes of brain cells. (salk.edu)
Lineages4
- Pushing mature cells into other lineages may offer a new way to replace cells involved in blood diseases and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer s disease. (innovations-report.com)
- As advancement in methods to differentiate iPSC into ocular lineages progresses, new non-integrative transfection strategies shows more promise for safe clinical application. (stanford.edu)
- First, it was tested whether patient‑derived ADSCs could differentiate into chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. (spandidos-publications.com)
- While a few studies have attempted reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) cells toward a neuronal fate, this approach has not yet been used to induce differentiation into other lineages and in vivo data on reduction in tumorigenicity are limited. (lu.se)
Pluripotent cells4
- In contrast, pluripotent cells can only differentiate into embryonic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- However, cell pluripotency is a continuum, ranging from the completely pluripotent cell that can form every cell of the embryo proper, e.g., embryonic stem cells and iPSCs, to the incompletely or partially pluripotent cell that can form cells of all three germ layers but that may not exhibit all the characteristics of completely pluripotent cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells, meaning cells that can make any other cell in the body. (eurostemcell.org)
- If an inner cell mass is taken from a mouse blastocyst and given the right nutrients, the pluripotent cells can grow in the laboratory. (eurostemcell.org)
Therapies7
- Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that define cancer and how these mechanisms differ from normal cells is crucial for developing new innovative therapies," says Bentires-Alj. (unibas.ch)
- Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
- Future progress in this area holds promise for advancing islet- and beta cell-directed therapies that could be implemented in the early stages of the disease and could be combined with immunotherapies. (springer.com)
- We conclude with a discussion of novel therapies aimed at the selective targeting of pathogenic B cells. (hindawi.com)
- Lack of persistence is one major reason cellular therapies that involve harvesting, expanding, and in some instances, genetically modifying, a patient's T cells before returning them to attack cancer fail, Yee says. (newswise.com)
- Producing more central memory T cells in vitro can address this persistence challenge and increase the effectiveness of cellular therapies," Yee notes. (newswise.com)
Cellular10
- Thus, we find that endogenous Rspo3 signaling is a critical determinant of cellular fate within the crypt and stimulates rapid recruitment of differentiated cells for epithelial wound healing and crypt regeneration through induction of Wnt signaling. (nature.com)
- In 2011, research revealed that cells may differentiate not into a fully totipotent cell, but instead into a "complex cellular variation" of totipotency. (wikipedia.org)
- Traditionally, scientists have worked with both embryonic and adult stem cells for research tools, as well as for cellular therapy. (prnewswire.com)
- In an effort to advance the treatment strategies for the ocular surface diseases, I am focused on a regenerative medicine and single cell RNA sequencing based approaches to better comprehend the cellular biomarkers and molecular mechanisms involved in corneal tissue development and diseases. (stanford.edu)
- The perturbances in cellular redox homeostasis leads to high free radical burden thereby causing oxidative stress in the cells. (stanford.edu)
- The increased resistance observed for the non-endothelial cell types was accompanied by an increased rate of cellular attachment, even though spontaneous migration was comparable to the control, i.e., to the standard cultivation surface. (nature.com)
- The role of B cells in autoimmune diseases involves different cellular functions, including the well-established secretion of autoantibodies, autoantigen presentation and ensuing reciprocal interactions with T cells, secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and the generation of ectopic germinal centers. (hindawi.com)
- Cutaneous lymphomas are classified according to their cellular origin in T-cell lymphomas or B-cell lymphomas. (scielo.br)
- While previous studies of cellular aggregates derived from human stem cells could not be considered accurate human embryo models because they lacked many of the defining characteristics of a post-implementation embryo, the Weizmann synthetic embryo models had all the structures characteristic of this stage, such as the placenta and yolk sac. (israel21c.org)
- Direct cellular reprogramming has recently gained attention of cancer researchers for the possibility to convert undifferentiated cancer cells into more differentiated, postmitotic cell types. (lu.se)
Dendritic cells3
- Left panel: antigen bound by antibody is taken up via FcR on APCs such as dendritic cells or macrophages. (hindawi.com)
- B and T cells, type 2 dendritic cells, and natural killer (NK) cells share a common ancestor: common lymphoid progenitor (CLP). (medscape.com)
- Memory cells travel to the primary follicle, where, after exposure to dendritic cells, they differentiate into centroblasts (immunoglobulin class-switch). (medscape.com)
Embryo13
- During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
- Richard Losick and Jonathan Dworkin In 1918, German embryologist Hans Spemann took an early newt embryo and removed some cells that were destined to become skin. (harvard.edu)
- Embryonic stem cells are grown from cells found in the embryo when it is just a few days old. (eurostemcell.org)
- In humans, mice and other mammals, the embryo is a ball of approximately 100 cells at this stage. (eurostemcell.org)
- An outer layer of cells, or trophectoderm , will form the placenta that supports the embryo as it grows inside the uterus. (eurostemcell.org)
- The process of cell maturation and specialization that would normally take place in the embryo stops. (eurostemcell.org)
- The embryo models, created from adult human skin cells and cultivated stem cells, could improve fertility research. (israel21c.org)
- Our stem cell-derived human embryo model offers an ethical and accessible way of peering into this box. (israel21c.org)
- The researchers reprogrammed the pluripotent stem cells to an earlier (naïve) stage corresponding to day 7 of a natural human embryo, around the time it implants itself in the womb. (israel21c.org)
- A stem cell-derived human embryo model equivalent to a day-14 embryo has all the compartments that define this stage: the yolk sac (yellow) and the part that will become the embryo itself, topped by the amnion (blue) - all enveloped by cells that will become the placenta (pink). (israel21c.org)
- It must have the right cells in the right organization, and it must be able to progress - it's about being and becoming," said Hanna, whose lab created mouse embryo models last year. (israel21c.org)
- Prof. Jacob Hanna (center) and his team of researchers working on the development of the stem-cell embryo models. (israel21c.org)
- The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
Tumor11
- FTS offers been intensively researched in many types of human being growth cell lines both and [20, 22, 23] and was demonstrated to induce autophagy in human being tumor cell lines [24]. (bio2009.org)
- FTS was also demonstrated to induce difference of cancerous cells such PNU 282987 as thyroid tumor cells [28] and NF1-lacking cells [29]. (bio2009.org)
- C: Tumor either Stage IA or Stage IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
- Here, we report that adipocytes from tumor-invasive mammary fat undergo de-differentiation to fibroblast-like precursor cells during tumor progression and integrate into the tumor microenvironment. (usda.gov)
- The de-differentiated cells are metabolically distinct from tumor-associated fibroblasts but exhibit comparable effects on tumor cell proliferation. (usda.gov)
- Collectively, the metabolic interplay between tumor cells and adipocytes induces adipocyte mesenchymal transition and contributes to reconfigure the stroma into a more tumor-friendly microenvironment. (usda.gov)
- Nevertheless, the cells that remain can eventually regrow a tumor, and when they do, the tumor is usually resistant to further hormone therapy. (mskcc.org)
- Yee and colleagues are developing another technique, endogenous T cells, which identifies and harvests tumor-attacking T cells in the blood. (newswise.com)
- Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) en face. (medscape.com)
- We take advantage of the similarity between neural developmental processes and cancer hierarchy to mitigate, if not completely abolish, the malignant nature of tumor cells and pave the way for new intervention strategies. (lu.se)
- Botryoid: The cambium layer is characteristic, containing a condensation of loose tumor cells below an epithelial surface. (medscape.com)
Neurons5
- A particular field encouraged by the foundation is stem-cell research, with the great hope that it will result in the ability to get cells to differentiate into neurons and support cells to bridge the gap of a spinal cord injury. (thefutureofthings.com)
- We also examined whether these cells formed a neuromuscular junction (NMJ) when cocultured with motor neurons, and whether they were stimulated by electrical signals using whole-cell patch clamping. (bvsalud.org)
- CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
- This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)
- A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)
Antibody10
- The first US Food and Drug Administration-approved immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes, the anti-CD3 antibody teplizumab, delays symptomatic type 1 diabetes onset by 2-3 years [ 4 ], opening the door for the future clinical application of antigen-specific approaches with potentially superior immunoregulatory properties [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
- Through these mechanisms B cells are involved both in autoimmune diseases that are traditionally viewed as antibody mediated and also in autoimmune diseases that are commonly classified as T cell mediated. (hindawi.com)
- B cells have antibody-dependent and antibody-independent pathogenic functions. (hindawi.com)
- Independent of antibody secretion B cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines, support the formation of ectopic GCs, and serve as antigen presenting cells. (hindawi.com)
- Binding of the Fc portion of the antibodies to FcR leads to activation of effector cells and further release of proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (hindawi.com)
- Primary B-cell immunodeficiencies refer to diseases resulting from impaired antibody production due to either molecular defects intrinsic to B-cells or a failure of interaction between B-cells and T-cells. (medscape.com)
- Centroblasts progress to centrocytes with high-affinity antibody production, then differentiate further to long-term memory cells and plasmablasts. (medscape.com)
- T-cells play a major role in cell-mediated-immunity (no antibody involvement). (differencebetween.net)
- B-cells, on the other hand, play a principal role in humoral immunity (with antibody involvement). (differencebetween.net)
- People have been able to detect a handful of proteins in individual cells using fluorescence- or antibody-based methods. (acs.org)
Subtypes1
- Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with optimal cutoff points from the Youden index was used to test the ability of ADCs to differentiate clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary RCC (pRCC), and oncocytoma subtypes. (johnshopkins.edu)
Proliferation6
- Through its activity as a transcription factor and its interactions with other proteins, the GATA1 protein regulates the growth and division (proliferation) of immature red blood cells and platelet-precursor cells (megakaryocytes) and helps with their differentiation. (medlineplus.gov)
- Our previously-obtained impressive results of highly increased C2C12 mouse myoblast adhesion to amine plasma polymers (PPs) motivated current detailed studies of cell resistance to trypsinization, cell proliferation, motility, and the rate of attachment carried out for fibroblasts (LF), keratinocytes (HaCaT), rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and endothelial cells (HUVEC, HSVEC, and CPAE) on three different amine PPs. (nature.com)
- B-cell disorders are divided into defects of B-cell development/immunoglobulin production ( immunodeficiencies ) and excessive/uncontrolled proliferation ( lymphomas , leukemias ). (medscape.com)
- Lymphoma is a malign neoplasia resulting from the proliferation of cells from the lymphoid system, which has a varying potential for organic aggression. (scielo.br)
- AMSBIO has in-depth expertise in extracellular matrices to provide elegant solutions for studying cell motility, migration, invasion, and proliferation. (onenucleus.com)
- The upregulation of miR‑145 and miR‑221 was associated with the enhanced proliferation of periosteal cells and chondrogenic potential, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
Regenerative medicine3
- From "adult stem cells" to "xenotransplantation," learn about common and specialized regenerative medicine terms. (mayo.edu)
- Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
- UniStem Day is the largest educational outreach initiative on stem cells and regenerative medicine in Europe. (lu.se)
Poorly2
- Type 2 endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a poorly differentiated EC. (bio2009.org)
- Type 1 diabetes results from the poorly understood process of islet autoimmunity, which ultimately leads to the loss of functional pancreatic beta cells. (springer.com)
Mesenchymal10
- The present study found that aged mice showed a decrease in the population of mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoprogenitor cells that are involved in bone formation in the endosteum. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In contrast, there was an increase in the number of mesenchymal stromal cells in the central marrow of aged mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- During embryogenesis endothelial cells exhibit substantial plasticity that contribute to cardiac development by undergoing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). (surrey.ac.uk)
- Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. (surrey.ac.uk)
- We reported previously that tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) can differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (SKMCs), which renders TMSCs promising candidates for cell therapy for skeletal muscle disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- However, the functional properties of the myocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells have not been clearly evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
- In this study we investigated whether myocytes differentiated from TMSCs (skeletal muscle cells derived from tonsil mesenchymal stem cells [TMSC-SKMCs]) exhibit the functional characteristics of SKMCs. (bvsalud.org)
- RESULTS: Skeletal muscle cells derived from tonsil mesenchymal stem cells expressed SKMC markers, such as MYOD, MYH3, MYH8, TNNI1, and TTN, at high levels, and exhibited a multinucleated cell morphology and a myotube-like shape. (bvsalud.org)
- DISCUSSION: Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be functionally differentiated into SKMCs and may have potential for clinical application for the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- Mesenchymal stem cells, including tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs) have been shown to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells (TMSC-myocyte) and can be one of the resources for the treatment of DMD. (bvsalud.org)
Hematopoietic7
- Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) replacement transplantation can ameliorate diseased hematologic system, thus inhibiting immune disorders including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficient disorders. (stanford.edu)
- The aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is characterized by the impaired ability of these cells to regenerate and produce blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A recent study conducted in mice shows that blocking the receptor for the proinflammatory protein IL-1 using the FDA-approved rheumatoid arthritis drug Anakinra may attenuate the deficits in the functioning of hematopoietic stem cells due to aging. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Besides housing hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, the endosteum and the central marrow also contain distinct cell populations that express molecules or secrete proteins, such as cytokines that regulate the formation, development, and function of HSCs and progenitor cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Aging is associated with a decline in the function of the hematopoietic stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- These changes in the hematopoietic system include a decline in the ability of HSC to produce new HSC and progenitor cells, especially those that produce white blood cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
Exhibit2
- These induced cells exhibit similar traits to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) but do not require the use of embryos. (wikipedia.org)
- The selecting that ECC1 cells had been affected by MPA by itself was anticipated, as these well-differentiated cells exhibit dynamic Res and PRs [33]. (bio2009.org)
Lymphoid3
- B-cells arise from a lymphoid progenitor, while macrophages come from a myeloid progenitor. (innovations-report.com)
- It is concluded that M cells represent a separate cell line that is induced in the dome-associated crypts by still unknown, probably diffusible lymphoid factors. (nih.gov)
- Secondary lymphopoiesis (SL) begins when mature B cells enter the extrafollicular area of lymphoid tissue and differentiate into short-lived plasma cells and memory cells after being stimulated by antigen-presenting cells. (medscape.com)
Embryonic stem3
- Stem cells resembling totipotent blastomeres from 2-cell stage embryos can arise spontaneously in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures and also can be induced to arise more frequently in vitro through down-regulation of the chromatin assembly activity of CAF-1. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, induced pluripotent stem cells represent a promising combination of adult and embryonic stem cell characteristics. (prnewswire.com)
- While regarded by many top scientists as the Holy Grail of medicine, others consider embryonic stem-cell research sacrilegious. (thefutureofthings.com)
Scientists14
- Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine have found a new wrinkle in the developmental biology dogma that cell differentiation occurs irreversibly as stem cells give rise to increasingly specialized types of offspring cells. (innovations-report.com)
- Scientists also say this approach offers the potential for converting lymphoma cells that are resistant to treatment into more manageable forms of cancer. (innovations-report.com)
- Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
- Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
- To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
- Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
- Scientists have been working to understand why insulin production falters in people with diabetes, and the U-M team has focused on the production and folding of the proinsulin molecule deep within the beta cell. (sciencedaily.com)
- Embryonic stem cells have captured the imagination of scientists and non-scientists alike. (eurostemcell.org)
- The immense value of this technique for science and medicine was recognized in 2007 when the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to three scientists who pioneered the use of ES cells to create genetically modified mice . (eurostemcell.org)
- A number of large biotech companies and scientists are looking toward stem cells as the basis for a therapeutic solution to cure such illnesses as blindness, diabetes and spinal cord injuries. (thefutureofthings.com)
- AMSBIO , a provider of cutting-edge products and services for accelerating stem cell research, has sponsored two aspiring life scientists to attend and present posters at the recent ISSCR 2023 conference in Boston, USA. (onenucleus.com)
- For over 20 years - AMSBIO has aimed to help advance stem cell discovery by supplying research scientists with the necessary tools and reagents needed to work more efficiently and obtain reliable results faster. (onenucleus.com)
- Bringing together Universities and high school students, UniStem Day is an opportunity to foster learning, discovery and debate in the field of stem cell research - inspiring the scientists of tomorrow. (lu.se)
- These and many more questions will be answered by PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, and senior scientists from Lund Stem Cell Center during UniStem Day 2024. (lu.se)
Stem Cell Res4
- Recent advances in the field of stem-cell research are giving hope to millions. (thefutureofthings.com)
- Fellow travel grand award winner Kerstin Filippi from Dr Michael Hesse's group was impressed by "How many important people in the field of stem cell research were there. (onenucleus.com)
- Medical Tourism Corporation has joined hands with San Diego-headquartered GIOSTAR, a global leader in stem cell research and therapy, for treating both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. (medicaltourismco.com)
- GIOSTAR has been a pioneer in stem cell research work since the year 2000. (medicaltourismco.com)
Adipocytes2
- Alternatively, if immature precursors of BAT are already present in WAT, these can differentiate into mature brown adipocytes. (news-medical.net)
- Single-cell sequencing reveals that these de-differentiated adipocytes lose their original identities and transform into multiple cell types, including myofibroblast- and macrophage-like cells, with their characteristic features involved in immune response, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. (usda.gov)
Precursors2
- We demonstrate here that lysophosphatidic acid induces process retraction in central glia-4 cells and oligodendrocyte precursors. (nih.gov)
- The results show that lysophosphatidic acid signalling pathways influence retraction of processes in oligodendrocyte precursors but that this effect changes as oligodendrocytes differentiate. (nih.gov)
Processes4
- Processes of differentiated central glia-4 oligodendrocytes were insensitive to lysophosphatidic acid treatment but cell bodies became phase dark, indicating cell spreading on the poly-l-lysine substratum. (nih.gov)
- Defects occurring at the CLP stage or those affecting processes common to B- and T-cell development result in combined immunodeficiency involving B, T, and NK cells (see Combined B-Cell and T-Cell Disorders ). (medscape.com)
- Cells recovered from healthy individuals could provide a model for understanding how to stimulate and guide the normal processes of brain cell growth and differentiation," he said, "lending insight to how growth might be stimulated in people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. (salk.edu)
- Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an astrocyte-like morphology with star-shaped bodies and radial branched processes. (lu.se)
ESCs2
- Many areas of science use mouse ESCs to study how blastocysts grow into adults and to study what signals direct stem cells to differentiate into specialised cells. (eurostemcell.org)
- Another challenging area is controlling exactly how ESCs differentiate into numerous specialised cell types. (eurostemcell.org)
Protein8
- We therefore examined the roles of oxidative stress and proteasomal inhibition on protein aggregates induction in naïve and neuronally differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
- This mutation take place in up to 30% of sufferers PNU 282987 with type 1 EC and in 10% with type 2 EC [5, 17], and consequently Ras protein are essential focuses on in anti-cancer study. (bio2009.org)
- They found that the compounds showing the most promising results were inhibitors of an essential cell cycle protein called polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). (unibas.ch)
- which is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. (medlineplus.gov)
- The GATA1 protein is involved in the specialization (differentiation) of immature blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- An abnormal GATA1 protein causes immature red blood cells to undergo a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Using molecular techniques to differentiate M protein classes, Bessen et al. (cdc.gov)
- Their research confirmed that IL-21 activates STAT3, a protein that then connects with the promoter region of the gene encoding the T cell stimulatory protein CD28, firing up CD28. (newswise.com)
Undergo3
- In one of the locations-called the bulge- these McSCs undergo self-renewal to maintain a population of immature stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Without careful attention, these cells tend to spontaneously differentiate and undergo genomic rearrangements in culture. (onenucleus.com)
- Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an. (lu.se)
Antigen9
- Here, we review some of the recent advances and studies that highlight the roles of these changes as well as antigen presentation and stress response pathways in beta cells in the onset and propagation of the autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
- We advance the hypothesis that antigen presentation by beta cells, their stress responses and functional heterogeneity are critical factors that will provide clues towards solving the enigma posed by islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes. (springer.com)
- Likewise B cells function as crucial antigen presenting cells in autoimmune diseases that are traditionally viewed as T cell mediated. (hindawi.com)
- Both secreted autoantibodies and BCR on B cells can modulate the processing and presentation of antigen and thereby affect the nature of presented T-cell determinants. (hindawi.com)
- c) Effect of antibodies and antigen-specific B cells on antigen uptake. (hindawi.com)
- Right panel: antigen binds to the BCR of antigen-specific B cells and is internalized. (hindawi.com)
- B cells are highly efficient APCs in situations of low antigen concentrations. (hindawi.com)
- BCR-mediated antigen uptake can influence antigen processing and the nature of MHC-displayed T-cell determinants. (hindawi.com)
- It makes antibodies and antigens and performs the role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and turns into memory B-cells after activation by antigen interaction . (differencebetween.net)
Called induced pluri1
- These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
Endothelial cells3
- We demonstrated the striking difference in the resistance to trypsin treatment between endothelial and non-endothelial cells. (nature.com)
- We determined the presence of EndoMT in the pulmonary vasculature in vivo and the functional effects on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) undergoing EndoMT in vitro. (surrey.ac.uk)
- Histologic assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH and the hypoxia/SU5416 mouse model identified the presence von Willebrand factor/α-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in up to 5% of pulmonary vessels. (surrey.ac.uk)
Nuclei1
- The epithelioid type described as a tubulopapillary pattern with flattened cells showing monotonous nuclei lining the papilla or tubules. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Proliferate3
- In the normal breast, cells that express the estrogen receptor are mature specialized breast cells and do not proliferate. (unibas.ch)
- In contrast, in a fraction of breast cancers cells that express the estrogen receptor proliferate significantly. (unibas.ch)
- The structure is essential because native ECM creates space where the cells are anchored, communicate, proliferate, differentiate, and die. (nature.com)
Signals3
- Signals that regulate epithelial regeneration upon stem cell injury are largely unknown. (nature.com)
- A nerve fiber that transmits signals away from the neuronal cell body and to the next nerve synapse. (mayo.edu)
- The cell- ations in these signals (see Table 1 for a glossary of terms). (lu.se)
Sarcomatoid1
- Pictures: Microscopic stains reveal a combination of sarcomatoid (a) and epithelioid cells (b) elements in varying proportions. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Myocytes1
- Skeletal muscle cell characteristics of TMSC-myocytes have been confirmed through changes in morphology and expression of skeletal muscle markers such as Myogenin, Myf6, and MYH families after differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Autoreactive1
- In addition, suppressor immune cells such as FOXP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert dominant immune suppression to control autoreactive T and B cells. (frontiersin.org)
Germ6
- In the first hours after fertilization, this zygote divides into identical totipotent cells, which can later develop into any of the three germ layers of a human (endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm), or into cells of the placenta (cytotrophoblast or syncytiotrophoblast). (wikipedia.org)
- In mouse primordial germ cells, genome-wide reprogramming leading to totipotency involves erasure of epigenetic imprints. (wikipedia.org)
- This pathway entails erasure of CpG methylation (5mC) in primordial germ cells via the initial conversion of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a reaction driven by high levels of the ten-eleven dioxygenase enzymes TET-1 and TET-2. (wikipedia.org)
- In the other location-called the hair germ area-McSCs can differentiate to form melanocytes that produce melanin pigment for hair. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Instead, a recent study published in Nature suggests that the McSCs can migrate back and forth between the two aforementioned locations, differentiating to produce hair pigment-producing melanocytes in the hair germ area and then translocating to the bulge and dedifferentiating to ensure the maintenance of an adequate supply of stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Our study suggests that melanocyte stem cells are mobile but can start the regeneration of hair melanocytes only when they are present in a specific area within the hair follicle (hair germ compartment). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Vivo3
- In addition to isolating single cells in order to determine if true stem cells are present in adult brain tissue, Gage also plans to transplant recovered cells into animals to test if the cells can survive and differentiate in vivo. (salk.edu)
- Most clinical trials which utilize ADSCs for OA treatment have been based on the autologous cells from the stromal vascular fraction, as have most of the in vivo studies ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Most importantly, forced differentiation substantially reduces tumorigenicity of GBM cells in an in vivo xenotransplantation model. (lu.se)
Lymphomas5
- Pax5 is a known oncogene implicated in the growth of B-cell lymphomas," Thomas-Tikhonenko said. (innovations-report.com)
- Thomas-Tikhonenko and colleagues found that when the cells are returned to the animal, they generate spherical B-cell lymphomas, indicating that they have changed their identity yet again. (innovations-report.com)
- Cutaneous lymphomas are classified as either type B cell or T cell lymphoma, the former type being less frequent. (scielo.br)
- 2 Their average frequency is 0.3/100,000 inhabitants yearly, with 65% T-cell, 25% B-cell and 10% true histiocytic lymphomas or rare cell types. (scielo.br)
- For example, lung, colon, bladder, large cell lymphomas, and testicular cancers are usually considered cured after 5 years of disease-free survival. (msdmanuals.com)
Immature4
- In affected individuals, immature red blood cells are unusually shaped and cannot develop into functional mature cells, leading to a shortage of healthy red blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- To function properly, these immature cells must differentiate into specific types of mature blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- A lack of immature red blood cells results in decreased amounts of specialized, mature red blood cells, leading to anemia . (medlineplus.gov)
- We revealed that as melanocyte stem cells move within the hair follicle, stem cells can reversibly alter cell state from immature to mature state, and this reversibility is critical for the proper maintenance of these stem cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Adult stem8
- Together with other published results, these observations blur the concept of fixed cell types and provide new insights concerning potential uses for adult stem cells. (innovations-report.com)
- Adult stem cells have a misleading name, because they are also found in infants and children. (healthline.com)
- Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
- Adult stem cells don't present any ethical problems. (healthline.com)
- Although some adult stem cells do have differentiation capacity, it is often limited in nature, which results in fewer options for use. (prnewswire.com)
- Adult stem cells can be used to accelerate bone or tendon healing , and they can induce cartilage progenitor cells to produce a better matrix and repair cartilage damage . (thefutureofthings.com)
- Adult stem cells can be used to replace damaged heart-muscle cells and are used in practice today . (thefutureofthings.com)
- The most common application of adult stem cells is probably the restoration of blood cells for patients with leukemia, and there are many more applications currently in practice. (thefutureofthings.com)
Organisms2
- Like other cells, micro organisms as a general rule obey the central dogma of microbiology and thus have DNA that code for the proteins that allow them to function. (wikibooks.org)
- The balance between these two cell types changes over an organisms' lifetime. (news-medical.net)
Cell's1
- Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Fibroblasts3
- This was then followed in 2007 by the successful induction of human iPSCs derived from human dermal fibroblasts using methods similar to those used for the induction of mouse cells. (wikipedia.org)
- As demonstrated on LF fibroblasts, the resistance to trypsin was similar in serum-supplemented and serum-free media, i.e., medium without cell adhesion-mediating proteins. (nature.com)
- 2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Biology7
- In cell biology, pluripotency (Lat. (wikipedia.org)
- This module aims to provide students with a basic understanding of human physiology and cell biology. (np.edu.sg)
- These findings, published in Nature Cell Biology , suggest that inhibiting IL-1 function could potentially improve deficits in blood production in older adults. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- This 5th grade science worksheet features a vocabulary list and crossword puzzle covering the parts of a cell and is designed to supplement a 5th grade human body systems or biology lesson. (teachervision.com)
- Measurements of cell mixtures can hide differences between cells that might be important in biology or disease studies. (acs.org)
- Researchers are putting single-cell proteomics to work in fields like developmental biology, cell biology, cancer biology, and neuroscience. (acs.org)
- Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)
Embryos4
- Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
- They are made from cells found in very early human embryos, called blastocysts. (eurostemcell.org)
- In the laboratory of Prof. Jacob Hanna at the Weizmann Institute of Science , researchers created complete models of human embryos from stem cells cultured in a lab grew them up to day 14. (israel21c.org)
- A type of undifferentiated stem cell found in embryos. (mayo.edu)
Differentiation potential3
- Potency is also described as the gene activation potential within a cell, which like a continuum, begins with totipotency to designate a cell with the most differentiation potential, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, and finally unipotency. (wikipedia.org)
- In the spectrum of cell potency, totipotency represents the cell with the greatest differentiation potential, being able to differentiate into any embryonic cell, as well as any extraembryonic cell. (wikipedia.org)
- This general definition includes a wide variety of cells with varying degrees of differentiation potential. (thefutureofthings.com)
Enterocytes2
- Chemical injury induced by DSS leads to a loss of both Lgr5 + cells and Axin2 + cells and epithelial regeneration is driven by Axin2 − cells, including differentiated Krt20 + surface enterocytes. (nature.com)
- It is controversial whether the membranous (M) cells of the Peyer's patches represent a separate cell line or develop from enterocytes under the influence of lymphocytes on the domes. (nih.gov)
Ability to self-renew1
- The term stem cell can be defined by two very important qualities: the cell has the ability to self-renew and, in a more general sense, the cell has not completed differentiation into its final state. (thefutureofthings.com)
Totipotent6
- Spores and zygotes are examples of totipotent cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The human development model can be used to describe how totipotent cells arise. (wikipedia.org)
- Human development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and the resulting fertilized egg creates a single totipotent cell, a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
- After reaching a 16-cell stage, the totipotent cells of the morula differentiate into cells that will eventually become either the blastocyst's Inner cell mass or the outer trophoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
- Approximately four days after fertilization and after several cycles of cell division, these totipotent cells begin to specialize. (wikipedia.org)
- The first three divisions of the zygote give birth to eight totipotent cells, each of which also has the ability to become an entire organism. (thefutureofthings.com)
Stromal2
- Regeneration requires stromal Rspo3, which is present at increased levels upon injury and reprograms Lgr5 − but Lgr4 + differentiated cells. (nature.com)
- We have shown that in the stomach, stem cell homeostasis is regulated by Wnt and Rspo secreted by stromal myofibroblasts 11 . (nature.com)
Revert back1
- In other words, during each growth cycle, the McSCs can differentiate into a pigment-producing partially differentiated state and then revert back to an undifferentiated state. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Partially2
- In the colon, this process has not been investigated in detail, but recent studies demonstrated the ability of Atoh1 + secretory cells to partially restore depleted Lgr5 + cells 5 , 6 . (nature.com)
- Employing this specific strategy, we wish to explore the transdifferentiated or partially reprogrammed state in ocular epithelial cell types by giving pulsed reprogramming factors. (stanford.edu)
Precursor1
- Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest stages of differentiation, and more mature differentiated neoplasms. (medscape.com)
Mechanisms2
- Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
- The authors sought to identify mechanisms driving the differentiation of mucus cells during the bronchiolisation process. (bmj.com)