• To facilitate this, HPV and its viral ilk come equipped with proteins that force host cells to keep their DNA in an active phase. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • This is based on the concept that aberrant proteasomal degradation of key regulatory proteins induced by viral infection/transformation will generate novel epitopes. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • We are interested in the proteins and mechanisms involved in maintaining EBV genomes and host cell immortalization in latency, as well as cues that trigger EBV reactivation to the lytic cycle. (utoronto.ca)
  • Using proteomics approaches, we have discovered the interaction of EBNA1 with host proteins that control cell proliferation and apoptosis (USP7 and CK2) and with host nucleosome associated proteins that regulate DNA replication and transcription through histone modifications. (utoronto.ca)
  • In addition, we have generated a library of over 200 herpesvirus proteins (from EBV, CMV and HSV-1) that are used in proteomics approaches to determine which viral proteins manipulate specific cellular processes. (utoronto.ca)
  • These studies include identifying proteins that affect PML nuclear bodies, cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses. (utoronto.ca)
  • This process allows a variety of important applications, including the study of gene regulation, the analysis of the expression of proteins within eukarotic cells such as those of mammals, the production of transgenic organisms , and the methods of gene therapy. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Rohrschneider focused initially on cell-surface proteins in cells infected with avian oncorna viruses, identifying the envelope and group-specific antigens (gag proteins). (fredhutch.org)
  • The isolation of temperature-sensitive transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus led to the hypothesis that the viral protein or proteins should be temperature-sensitive in its expression or function, and Dr. John Wyke and Rohrschneider found that expression of some of the cell-surface tumor antigens correlated with transformation, suggesting that they were under control of the transforming gene. (fredhutch.org)
  • While the potency of Tax-activity seems to be a determining factor for the observed effects, the cooperation of Tax with other viral proteins determines the fate and progression of HTLV-1-infected cells through DNA damage, apoptosis, survival and transformation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we report that both CVI-Meq proteins, like the Meq protein of Md5 (a very virulent oncogenic strain), were capable of transforming Rat-2 and NIH3T3 cells. (tamu.edu)
  • Polyomaviruses can induce tumors in animals and transformation of cells in culture by expression of the viral T antigen proteins. (pitt.edu)
  • The most widely studied polyomavirus, SV40, expresses the large T antigen protein (LT), which interacts with many cellular proteins to transform cells. (pitt.edu)
  • Expression of a short fragment of the LT antigens known to interact with the cell cycle regulating family of pRB proteins showed that this region confers the same transformation capabilities between the four polyomaviruses. (pitt.edu)
  • Disruption of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL by viral proteins as a possible cause of cancer. (ac.ir)
  • This type of infection usually causes few obvious changes within the cell but can lead to long chronic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • This infection causes a host cell to become malignant and can be either cytocidal (usually in the case of RNA viruses) or persistent (usually in the case of DNA viruses). (wikipedia.org)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that KSHV infection can alter central carbon metabolic pathways to produce biomass for viral replication, as well as the survival and proliferation of infected cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Increasing evidence has shown that virus infection, similar to cancer development, depends on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism to produce biomass for viral replication and virion production. (frontiersin.org)
  • Virus infection may reprogram host metabolism for viral genome and protein synthesis, as well as lipid envelope generation for virion production. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, although PyV-induced oncogenesis in laboratory animals has been a prolific model for the study of the cell cycle and cell transformation, natural infections rarely result in tumor formation, so the steps in cell transformation after natural infection are being revealed more slowly. (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast lytic infection induces cell cycle arrest and leads to amplification of the viral genomes for virion production. (utoronto.ca)
  • Several of our studies involve the EBNA1 protein of EBV, which is expressed in both latent and lytic forms of infection, is the only viral protein needed to replicate and maintain EBV genomes in human cells and contributes to cell transformation. (utoronto.ca)
  • This strategy of defense of the organism, which is the basis of the success of vaccines, includes the production of protective antibodies in the blood (detected by serology) as well as the generation of memory cells, able to reactivate quickly into cells secreting antibodies during a new infection. (pasteur.fr)
  • CMB is comprised of more than 30 independent research groups organized in three themes: Cell Biology, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology and Infection and Cancer. (ki.se)
  • Broadly defined, transfection is the process of artificially introducing nucleic acids ( DNA or RNA ) into cells , utilizing means other than viral infection. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It also was used in the sense of "infection by transformation," in other words, introduction of DNA (or RNA) from an eukaryote virus or bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) into cells, resulting in an infection. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The transfection process is different from "infection," which is the term used for a viral method of introducing nucleic acids into cells (Promega). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • We particularly study Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-infection, which can also be used as a model to study early steps in in vitro transformation, viral genetic switches, non-genetic variation and cancer cell metabolism. (ki.se)
  • This virus also offers one of the most complete models for studying tumorigenesis in man, from molecule to patient, exploiting the viral infection of human B-lymphocytes. (ki.se)
  • Remarkably, EBV-encoded miRNAs are abundantly expressed in latently-infected cells and serve important function in viral infection and pathogenesis. (ijbs.com)
  • EBV can not be completely cleared once entry into the host cells and ultimately establishes life-long latent infection in host, indicating that EBV has developed elaborate strategies to evade host immune surveillance [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • During the course of HTLV-1 infection, the dysregulation of cell-cycle checkpoints and the suppression of DNA damage repair is tightly linked to the activity of the viral oncoprotein Tax. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Infectious causes of glomerulonephritis included streptococcal infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and hepatitis viral infections, both hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV). (medscape.com)
  • A pure viral or bacterial infection, an autoimmune inflammation, or a combination of these can be the etiology. (medscape.com)
  • During latent infections there is minimal to no expression of infected viral genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genome remains within the host cell until the virus is ready for replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • The viral DNA can then either lay dormant until stimulated by a source such as UV light or it can be immediately taken up by the host's genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Southern blot hybridization and rolling circle amplification showed the episomal viral genome in the tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
  • Basic genetic and molecular biology methodologies are combined with complementary bioinformatic and genome-wide approaches, allowing investigation global molecular changes in cells in various differentiation processes. (ki.se)
  • Since the DNA introduced in the transfection process is usually not inserted into the nuclear genome, the foreign DNA is lost at the later stage when the cells undergo mitosis . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • If it is desired that the transfected gene actually remains in the genome of the cell and its daughter cells, a stable transfection must occur. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. (ac.ir)
  • As early as 4 h right after the addition of TSA, the correct terminal finish of your viral genome, together with the orf75 and orf73 areas, showed a strong boost in acetylation. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • These data illustrate that histone acetylation happens sequentially on unique online websites within the viral genome. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • Genome broad examination following TSA therapy unveiled changes in viral histone acetylation reminiscent of reactiva tion patterns. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • The outcomes for the genome wide histone acetylation prole have been in accordance together with the inactive state of most viral genes in latency, because the viral genome was inside a primarily underacetylated state. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • Studies have demonstrated that only a subset of the viral latent genes is essential for EBV mediated transformation. (pennmedicine.org)
  • Both genes are commonly used as a selectable markers for transformed cells. (canada.ca)
  • The HTLV-1 proto-oncogene Tax, a potent transcriptional activator of cellular and viral genes, is thought to play a pivotal role in the transforming properties of the virus by deregulating intracellular signaling pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cancer cells often rewire metabolic pathways to balance ATP production for supporting rapidly tumor proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • For producing energy sufficient to maintain cancer cell proliferation, glutaminolysis is also often elevated in most of cancer cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is essential to generate energy required for cell proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Ets family of transcription factors includes nuclear phosphoproteins that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic transformation. (embl.de)
  • We are using this virus to study the initiating immortalizing process and switches between resting and proliferating phenotypes to better understand EBV protein - host cell interactions involved in tumorigenesis controlling the switch from cell arrest to proliferation and reprogramming of metabolism. (ki.se)
  • Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)
  • IL-17 induced NOTCH1 activation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells enhances proliferation and inflammatory gene expression. (harvard.edu)
  • Lastly, biologic effects include the viruses' ability to affect the activity of antigens and immunologlobulins in the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • More recently the laboratory has been involved in the definition of novel T cell antigens. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The Koch laboratory used antibodies from model organisms bearing oncorna-virus cancers as tools to identify transformation antigens. (fredhutch.org)
  • As a result of their ability to bind target antigens selectively and with high affinity, antibodies are useful tools for protein purification, cell sorting, diagnostics, and therapeutics. (justia.com)
  • EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. (ijbs.com)
  • The RNAs of seven replication-defective leukaemia virus (DLV) strains contain three types of unique sequences, which correlate with the capacity of a given virus strain to transform erythroblasts, macrophage-like cells and myeloblasts, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Table 1: Cellular effects of viral infections Cytocidal infections are often associated with changes in cell morphology, physiology and are thus important for the complete viral replication and transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Big trouble sometimes follows, since DNA replication is a prerequisite not only for normal growth, but also for cancer, which, simply put, is a state of unregulated cell division. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • Effect of cytosine arabinoside on the replication of the Moloney sarcoma virus in 3T3 cell cultures. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • viruses and viral infections with an emphasis on replication strategies, host and tissue specificity, effects of viruses on cells (cell death, transformation, latency), and determinants of viral virulence. (edu.au)
  • 1. Biochemistry of viral replication and in vitro transformation -- pt. (who.int)
  • Cells with transforming infections undergo immortalization and inherit the genetic material to produce tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • After these cells are birthed, their genetic machinery is, in essence, mothballed-the cell is committed, the house is built, and the blueprints are no longer needed. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • If a healthy cell does make a genetic flub while dividing, there are several processes by which the newly minted mutant can be aborted or kept from further dividing. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • Because the term transformation had another sense in animal cell biology (a genetic change allowing long-term propagation in culture, or acquisition of properties typical of cancer cells), the term transfection acquired, for animal cells, its present meaning of a change in cell properties caused by introduction of nucleic acids by non-viral methods. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In molecular biology, the term transformation has been used in the related sense to refer to the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the uptake, genomic incorporation, and expression of foreign genetic material ( DNA ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Tax-mediated DNA damage is believed to be essential in initiating the transformation process by subjecting infected T cells to genetic changes that eventually promote the neoplastic state. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Genetic analysis of indefinite division in human cells: identification of four complementation groups. (cellosaurus.org)
  • Genetic characteristics of the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. (cellosaurus.org)
  • 5. Niller HH, Wolf H, Minarovits J. Viral hit and run-oncogenesis: genetic and epigenetic scenarios. (ac.ir)
  • Conversely, at the other boundary, immune hypersensitivity with gain of immune function in MHC class II-associated sJIA-AOSD and with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy also triggers MAS. (nature.com)
  • The multifunctional nuclear protein large T-antigen was detectable by immunohistochemical analyses in a subset of neoplastic cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, transgenic mice harboring the viral-encoded large T-antigen (LT-Ag) alone develop tumors of neuroectodermal origin, including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and glioblastomas. (cdc.gov)
  • We will be investigating the antigen specificity and function of these CD8 T cells, in particular examining the influence of persistent viruses such as HCMV. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The immunized mice produce on the order of 10 4 -10 5 antibody secreting cells (ASCs), each with the capacity to produce a unique (monoclonal) antibody specific to the target antigen (see, for e.g. (justia.com)
  • The ASCs are then harvested from the immunized animals and screened in order to select which cells are producing antibodies of desired affinity and selectivity to the target antigen. (justia.com)
  • Intriguingly, EBV miRNAs directly suppress host antiviral immunity by interfering with antigen presentation and immune cell activation. (ijbs.com)
  • and, in response to antigen, are subsequently secreted by plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This research aims at characterizing molecules and signals involved in controlling the undifferentiated state and self-renewal capacity of stem cells, and to develop methods to direct the differentiation of stem cells into clinically relevant cell types. (ki.se)
  • 20. Morrison JA, Raab-Traub N. Roles of the ITAM and PY motifs of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A in the inhibition of epithelial cell differentiation and activation of {beta}-catenin signaling. (ac.ir)
  • Using improved immunofluorescence microscopy, Rohrschneider soon realized that most of the Src oncoprotein is actually concentrated in small regions of the cell membrane where the internal cytoskeleton sticks to the external matrix that makes up the glue of connective tissue. (fredhutch.org)
  • This first identification of an oncoprotein interacting with adhesion sites had a major impact on the field, since it provided an explanation for how Src and other oncoproteins could have such dramatic effects on cell morphology. (fredhutch.org)
  • In addition, we found that EBNA1 disrupts the host PML nuclear bodies required for apoptosis and DNA repair, thereby promoting cell survival with DNA damage. (utoronto.ca)
  • These molecules are involved in cell division, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of protein degradation. (pennmedicine.org)
  • Apoptosis and immune surveillance would then exert the necessary selection pressure for eliminating the majority of virally infected cells, while escape variants acquiring a mutator phenotype would constitute a subpopulation of genetically altered cells prone to neoplasia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Natural transformations can include viral cancers, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and T-cell Leukemia virus type I. Hepatitis B and C are also the result of natural viral transformation of the host cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this review, we summarize recent studies exploring how KSHV manipulates host cell metabolism to promote viral pathogenesis, which provides the potential therapeutic targets and strategies for KSHV-associated cancers. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most people are infected for life with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpesvirus that is associated with a growing list of cancers due to its ability to efficiently immortalize cells as part of its latent infectious cycle. (utoronto.ca)
  • High-risk types (e.g., types 16 and 18) can cause low-grade cervical cell abnormalities, high-grade cervical cell abnormalities that are precursors to cancer, and cancers ( 5 - 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Head and neck cancer most commonly is of the squamous cell carcinoma type (HNSCC) and includes cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, sinonasal tract, and nasopharynx. (cdc.gov)
  • There are three types of persistent infections, latent, chronic and slow, in which the virus stays inside the host cell for prolonged periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A Collaborate To Promote Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced B Cell Lymphomas in a Cord Blood-Humanized Mouse Model but Are Not Essential. (ac.ir)
  • There are three types of viral infections that can be considered under the topic of viral transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Growing evidence suggests that the interaction between the genomic/epigenomic aberrations in cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment, composed of immune and stromal cells, contributes to the development of tumor invasion via mechanisms such as the so-called "angiogenic switch,"[3-5] creating multiple opportunities for therapeutic intervention. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • Línea celular eucariótica obtenida en una fase estacionaria o de quiescencia que experimenta, en cultivo, una transformación hacia un estado de crecimiento descontrolado semejante a un tumor in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Chronic infections have similar cellular effects as acute cytocidal infections but there is a limited number of progeny and viruses involved in transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The PRV virus is a viral pathogen belonging to the potyvirus group of plant viruses and is considered the major limiting factor in commercial papaya production throughout the world. (canada.ca)
  • Murine sarcoma and leukemia viruses: assay using clonal lines of contact-inhibiting mouse cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A viral interference test for mouse leukemia viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenesis. (ac.ir)
  • The Wnt pathway: a key network in cell signalling dysregulated by viruses. (ac.ir)
  • In latency EBV genomes are maintained as circular nuclear episomes that replicate once-per-cell cycle and are partitioned to the daughter cells during mitosis. (utoronto.ca)
  • A novel viral mechanism for dysregulation of beta-catenin in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency. (ac.ir)
  • Probably the most abundant viral transcripts in latency will be the U RNAs, which are selelck kinase inhibitor transcribed by DNA poly merase III and reach copy numbers of as much as two 104 copies per cell even though they aren't vital for transformation. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • Cytocidal infections can cause fusion of adjacent cells, disruption of transport pathways including ions and other cell signals, disruption of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and nearly always leads to cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Persistent infections involve viral material that lays dormant within a cell until activated by some stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transforming infections are also referred to as malignant transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since the term cytocidal, or cytolytic, refers to cell death, these three infections are not mutually exclusive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transformation infections is limited to abortive or restrictive infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Viral transformation is most commonly understood as transforming infections, so the remainder of the article focuses on detailing transforming infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • Through detailed characterization of fundamental molecular mechanisms of normal and perturbed cells, the theme strives to unravel information that increases the understanding of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. (ki.se)
  • The authors therefore investigated the response of an SV-40/adenovirus-transformed human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to histamine, a mediator with relevance for airway diseases. (epa.gov)
  • Ebola diseases (EBOD) are rare, but severe and often fatal viral diseases that affects humans and other primates. (who.int)
  • The Liang lab studies autophagy in leukemia, colorectal cancer, melanoma, and viral persistency, optimally bridging cancer and infectious disease, the two main research areas at Wistar. (wistar.org)
  • The EBV cell line models allow comparison of non-malignant versus malignant phenotypes of human cancer in vitro (lymphoblastoid cell lines, LCL vs Burkitt´s lymphoma cell line, BL). (ki.se)
  • LMP1-negative cell line HNE1 and LMP1-positive cell line HNE1-LMP1 were used as in vitro model. (scielo.br)
  • During serial passage of mouse embryo fibroblasts in vitro it was found that an established line of cells was more susceptible to murine sarcoma virus transformation than early passages of the cells from which it was derived. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Characteristics of the in vitro assay of murine sarcoma virus (moloney) and virus-infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Morphological transformation of mouse embryo cells in vitro by murine sarcoma virus (harvey). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The simplest consideration is viral transformation of a bacterial cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Originally, the term was used for the artificial insertion of viral nucleic acid into bacterial cells, resulting in multiplication of mature viral particles (Dorland 2007). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This was one of the initial discoveries that mutations in a cell surface receptor could initiate oncogenesis, just one year after the avian erythroblastosis virus oncogene was found to be a mutant EGF receptor. (fredhutch.org)
  • 4. Mesri EA, Feitelson MA, Munger K. Human viral oncogenesis: a cancer hallmarks analysis. (ac.ir)
  • The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector. (wikipedia.org)
  • Commonly, the term transfection is used in the sense of non-viral introductions of nucleic acid specifically into eukaryotic cells, or even more specifically into animal cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • However, the terms transfection and transformation have had varied meanings over time. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Transfection also has been used to refer to infecting a cell specifically with viral nucleic acid that is either isolated from a eukaryote virus or from a bacteriophage . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Transfection of animal cells typically involves opening transient pores or "holes" in the cell plasma membrane , to allow the uptake of material. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In addition to electroporation, transfection can be carried out using calcium phosphate, or by mixing a cationic lipid with the material to produce liposomes, which fuse with the cell plasma membrane and deposit their cargo inside. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • 1990) state that the meaning of transfection is "clear and unambiguous" and refers to the "process by which nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) is introduced to cells with the intent to be expressed in the recipient. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The term transfection is analogous to the term transformation, However, that latter term remains ambiguous. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Transformation of eukaryotic cells in tissue culture is usually called transfection. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human oncogenic herpesvirus, is tightly associated with several human malignancies by infecting B-lymphocyte or endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), commonly known as Marek's disease virus serotype-1 (MDV-1), causes T cell lymphomas in chickens. (tamu.edu)
  • Cells that have been virally transformed can be differentiated from untransformed cells through a variety of growth, surface, and intracellular observations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Response of a Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Line to Histamine: Intracellular Calcium Changes and Extracellular Release of Inflammatory Mediators. (epa.gov)
  • these have been associated with the transmission of several known viral agents, including cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, and the virus(es) of non-A, non-B hepatitis (9). (hemophiliafed.org)
  • Hepatitis B virus X protein is essential for the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hepatoma cells. (ac.ir)
  • Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T-Cells With Different T-Cell Receptor Affinities Segregate T-Cell Phenotypes and Correlate With Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Patients Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (ki.se)
  • Thus the theme encloses expertise within bioinformatics, biophysics, biochemistry, molecular cell biology and genetics. (ki.se)
  • Defective repair of alkylated DNA by human tumour and SV40-transformed human cell strains. (cellosaurus.org)
  • Cancer cell energy metabolism is mainly dominated by three pathways of central carbon metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the last 8 decades, theories regarding carcinogenesis have progressed to include numerous pathways by which cells achieve immortality. (cancernetwork.com)
  • We are using genetics, genomics and biochemical approaches to establish unknown pathways involved in these cellular events and attempting to develop models that explain how gammaherpesviruses establish transformation in human cells. (pennmedicine.org)
  • Different signaling pathways play a part in the carcinogenesis that occurs in a cell. (ac.ir)
  • There are three Wnt signaling pathways that are well identified, including the canonical or Wnt/β-catenin dependent pathway, the noncanonical or β-catenin-independent planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. (ac.ir)
  • Signaling pathways in cancer and embryonic stem cells. (ac.ir)
  • Our data uncover novel details about the differential contribution of B2 vs four integrins within the composite phenotype of chronic asthma development and contribute towards the understanding of mechanisms by which different cell subsets and molecular pathways participate in the pathophysiology and histopathology of chronic asthma. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • Because the stpC and tip gene merchandise are the two essential to the transformation of T lym phocytes, the permissive chromatin framework is simply not surprising and has become reported previously. (sodiumchannel-signal.com)
  • PyV-induced tumorigenesis in laboratory animals, by simian virus 40 (SV40) or by multiple human PyVs, such as JC virus (JCV), is used extensively as a cell transformation model. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this work is to uncover the differences in molecular mechanisms of transformation by LTs of two human polyomaviruses, BKV and JCV, and a primate polyomavirus, LPV, as compared to SV40 LT. (pitt.edu)
  • Transformation assessed by growth in low serum was reduced by VHR truncation of the SV40, but not the JCV, LT. Conversely, anchorage independent transformation was enhanced only by truncation of the JCV VHR. (pitt.edu)
  • This is the first report to link the SV40 or JCV VHR region to transformation potential. (pitt.edu)
  • Development of 3T3-like lines from Balb/c mouse embryo cultures: transformation susceptibility to SV40. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • SV40 transformation of human diploid cells. (cellosaurus.org)
  • Those first immunoprecipitation experiments also revealed a related protein in uninfected cells, one of the first sightings of the Src proto-oncogene product. (fredhutch.org)
  • He also went proto-oncogene hunting, cloning out the normal cell version of the Fms oncogene and identifying the mutations that make it oncogenic. (fredhutch.org)
  • As these newly formed cells mature, they rise to the skin's surface, where they finish their brief tour of duty as part of the human shield. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • Normal human cells accomplish this with a very low rate of errors, otherwise known as mutations. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • The group has a long-standing interest in T cell responses against oncogenic human papillomaviruses (1-6). (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Studies in the Frappier laboratory involve a variety of methodologies, including proteomics approaches for protein interactions and host cell manipulations, functional assays in human cells, immunofluorescence microscopy, RNA interference, protein biochemistry and protein structural studies. (utoronto.ca)
  • Graham, F .L. and van der Eb, A. J. (1973) Transformation of rat cells by DNA of human adenovirus 5. (thermofisher.com)
  • KSHV infects human B-cells and endothelial cells. (pennmedicine.org)
  • The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), an aggressive CD4-positive T-cell neoplasia. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Comparison of the data with published reports for human airway epithelia in primary culture suggests that the BEAS cell line is, in a number of respects, a relevant model for the study of airway epithelial responses to a variety of stimuli. (epa.gov)
  • The kinetics of thymine dimer excision in ultraviolet-irradiated human cells. (cellosaurus.org)
  • Human diploid lung fibroblast cell lines WI 26 and WI 38 exhibit isozyme shift of alkaline phosphatase after viral transformation. (cellosaurus.org)
  • Adenovirus: a probe for human cells deficient in DNA repair. (cellosaurus.org)
  • The telomere lengthening mechanism in telomerase-negative immortal human cells does not involve the telomerase RNA subunit. (cellosaurus.org)
  • A growing body of research shows that human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common and increasing cause of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (cdc.gov)
  • Cell Transformation, Viral" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (sdsu.edu)
  • The central aim of the research within the Cell Biology theme is to gain a deeper understanding of the biology of the eukaryotic cell. (ki.se)
  • The term transformation often is preferred to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells such as fungi , algae , and plants . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It now includes any means of artificial introduction of foreign DNA into cells, or more specifically cultured eukaryotic cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • However, transformation also is used in other senses as well, including to the non-viral nucleic acid uptake specifically in bacteria and non-animal eukaryotic cells such as fungi , algae , and plants . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • However, having viral DNA in the house can complicate the process greatly, making mutations-and thus cancer-much more likely. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • The plant expression of the viral coat protein confers the ability to resist the PRV. (canada.ca)
  • Malignant transformation is not in a virus's best interest. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • This process also represents a barrier against malignant transformation. (wistar.org)
  • The Liang laboratory is focused on understanding the mechanisms that regulate fundamental cellular processes such as autophagy, cell death, DNA damage repair, and membrane trafficking in the context of cancer and infectious disease. (wistar.org)
  • Autophagy, which means "self-eating", is a natural mechanism used by cells to digest, remove and recycle unwanted components. (wistar.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome the brain stroke side effects. (bvsalud.org)
  • The phage can then penetrate the cell membrane and inject the viral DNA into the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent advances have been made by an accumulation of studies on Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), which is highly associated and integrated in most Merkel cell carcinomas ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype, or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material. (wikipedia.org)
  • The distinct MAS phenotype that arises with hypercytokinaemia can be explained by activation of macrophages that are closely juxtaposed to sinusoids that permit direct phagocytic access to haematopoietic lineage cells. (nature.com)
  • Another interest of the group is the definition of immune signatures based on immune cell phenotype and function, as prognostic markers. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Thus, we conclude that As2O3 can reduce metastasis potential of NPC cells, involving inhibition of MMP-9 expression. (scielo.br)
  • Cultured cell lines for research on pulmonary physiology available through the American Type Culture Collection. (cellosaurus.org)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 80% of cervical cancer cases. (medscape.com)
  • We focus on the role of HPV in the increased incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the head and neck cancer in which HPV is most commonly found ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • KSHV is tightly associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and two B-cell lymphomas including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) by infecting B-lymphocyte and endothelial cells, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
  • Production of altered cell foci in tissue culture by defective moloney sarcoma virus particles. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The stem cell and developmental biology program at CMB is engaged in a broad range of basic research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse aspects of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. (ki.se)
  • We are investigating the fundamental mechanisms utilized by these gammaherpesviruses to induce cell mediated growth transformation. (pennmedicine.org)
  • however, previous research has hinted that these polyomavirus LTs may not transform cells by the same mechanisms. (pitt.edu)
  • The common oncogenomic program of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (harvard.edu)
  • An HPV-infected skin cell undergoes mitosis (i.e., divides in two) more often than an uninfected one, increasing the probability of malignant change-and to make matters worse, the virus keeps the host cell from dividing correctly. (minnesotamonthly.com)
  • After 48 hours at 68 C (154.4 F), viral titers dropped from 10((8)) to two infectious particles/ml. (hemophiliafed.org)