• When they were first discovered in 2006, iPS cells looked like a perfect solution to the ethical debate over the use of embryonic stem cells, but the process of producing non-mutated cells has proved challenging. (ibtimes.com)
  • Scientists were able to produce from human embryonic stem cells a highly pure, large quantity of functioning neurons that will allow them to create models of and study diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, prefrontal dementia and schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers previously had been able to produce neurons - the impulse-conducting cells in the brain and spinal cord - from human embryonic stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sun's method prodded human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into neural stem cells, the cells that give rise to neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A second important discovery in Sun's study showed that two embryonic stem cells lines derived in similar manners, and therefore expected to behave similarly when differentiating, did not. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using the same techniques to prod the two embryonic stem cells lines to differentiate, Sun found that one line had a bias to become neurons that are found in the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Diabetes clinical trials using embryonic stem cells are currently underway, but chronic immune suppression is required. (medindia.net)
  • According to their most recent paper published in the journal "Science Advances", the team has now successfully cultivated primordial germ cells (PGCs) - the precursors of eggs and sperm - from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (izw-berlin.de)
  • They established culture systems for the southern white rhino, for which embryonic stem cells are available, and the northern white rhino, for which they used induced pluripotent stem cells derived from tissue samples. (izw-berlin.de)
  • Three-dimensional bioprinting of embryonic stem cells directs highly uniform embryoid body formation, Biofabrication (2015). (phys.org)
  • Researchers at UMass Medical School have discovered a new pathway that triggers regeneration of beta cells in the pancreas, a key development that may aid in the development of diabetes treatments. (umassmed.edu)
  • The death of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas is a core defect in diabetes. (medicaldaily.com)
  • In other words, researchers might be able boost the number of beta cells in the pancreas, but in the process they'd get lots of other cell types to replicate as well. (stanford.edu)
  • As part of the new program, University of California San Diego School of Medicine researchers will receive $6.4 million in grant funding to study how external signals and genetic variations influence the behavior of one cell type in particular: insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. (ucsd.edu)
  • In diabetes, tiny clusters of insulin-producing 'beta cells' in the pancreas don't produce enough of the hormone to keep people healthy, and their blood glucose levels climb. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Now researchers report that microbiota regulate the ability of lung dendritic cells to generate immune responses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Microbiota--the trillions of bacteria that co-exist in the body--regulate the ability of lung dendritic cells to generate immune responses, according to a study led by researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, published online in the Journal of Experimental Medicine . (sciencedaily.com)
  • To study the production of IgA within the lungs, the researchers used mouse models to isolate specialized cells called dendritic cells and cultured them with antibody-producing B cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To the researchers' surprise, they found that when they isolated lung dendritic cells from "germ free" or antibiotic-treated mice, the production of IgA was highly impaired. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Further, when the germ-free mice were fed with a component of bacterial cell wall called LPS, the lung dendritic cells started instructing B cells to produce IgA again. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4(+) T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resulted in a functional enrichment of Foxp3(+) T cells. (lu.se)
  • These cells, described as macrophages or immature dendritic cells, deplete arginine and impair T cell proliferation and cytokine production. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cell separation studies showed that the increased arginase activity was limited to a specific subset of CD11b+, CD14−, CD15+ cells with a polymorphonuclear granulocyte morphology and markers, instead of macrophages or dendritic cells described in mouse models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • B ) Muzzle skin was digested and analyzed via FACS for Siglec F + eosinophils (left panels), Ly- 6G + neutrophils (middle panels), Ly-6C + MHC-II lo monocytes and Ly-6C + MHC-II hi monocyte-derived dendritic cells (right panels). (elifesciences.org)
  • In type II diabetes - the most common form of the disease - the cells of the body become inefficient at responding to insulin and as a consequence, glucose in circulation can become dangerously high (hyperglycemia) while the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to compensate. (newswise.com)
  • In an innovative study in mice, Laura Alonso, MD, the George F. and Sybil H. Fuller Foundation Term Chair in Diabetes and associate professor of medicine, and Rohit Sharma, PhD, a postdoctoral associate, discovered how the pancreas knows that more insulin-producing beta cells are needed. (umassmed.edu)
  • This may also explain the conundrum of why there do not appear to be stem cells in the pancreas," Alonso added. (umassmed.edu)
  • In this way, cells from tissues such as the brain, heart, or pancreas can be created and observed in the laboratory, enabling safe testing for new disease treatments before starting clinical trials. (medindia.net)
  • Justin Annes, Tim Horton and colleagues developed a zinc-loving chemical compound (light blue) that helps deliver drugs that trigger insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (dark blue), but not others (gray), to replicate (red). (stanford.edu)
  • An insulin injection can manage diabetes symptoms, but actually curing the disease would mean healing cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, a hormone that regulates the amount of sugar in blood. (stanford.edu)
  • Now, a team of Stanford University endocrinologists and chemists has taken a step toward targeting the right cells more precisely, using a property that researchers have long known about but never exploited for treatment: Beta cells, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, have a particularly strong taste for zinc. (stanford.edu)
  • Insulin-producing cells in the pancreas are damaged by diabetes. (cellmedicine.com)
  • The cells could potentially be used to fill the void left in the pancreas due to the damage that is caused by diabetes. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Inspired by the efficiency with which plants convert sunlight into sugar, researchers have fabricated a solar cell that uses photosynthetic proteins to convert light into electricity. (sciencenews.org)
  • In this prototype solar cell, photosynthetic proteins (spheres embedded in yellow peptides) absorb light and pump electrons (e-) into a silver electrode. (sciencenews.org)
  • To make the solar cell, a team of biologists and engineers led by Marc Baldo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) harvested photosynthetic proteins from spinach and the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and deposited the proteins onto a glass support. (sciencenews.org)
  • Because the proteins naturally reside in an aqueous environment inside a cell membrane, it took some creative chemistry to keep the approximately 2 billion isolated proteins functional on a solid surface. (sciencenews.org)
  • Such optogenetic approaches utilizing light-activatable proteins for modulating the function of cells are being explored in many biological systems and have fueled efforts toward the development of a new genre of treatments. (newswise.com)
  • The immune system produces a complex range of proteins and chemicals to protect against infections, allergies and cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • One group of these proteins is called immunoglobulins, or antibodies, that are produced by specialized cells called B cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We utilized cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) to produce colicins, as CFPS offers rapid protein production and characterization of such toxic proteins without cell-viability constraints and the need for protein puriï¬ cation. (aiche.org)
  • This study ï¬ nds that colicins can eradicate antibiotic-tolerant bacteria and biofilm cells and that CFPS is a promising platform for rapid production, optimization, and characterization of toxic proteins. (aiche.org)
  • As a result, accumulation of improperly folded proteins is a particularly challenging bottleneck in cell line engineering. (aiche.org)
  • It is expected research in this area will lead to improved engineering strategies for developing cell lines for higher titers of desired recombinant proteins, including relevant therapeutic protein products. (aiche.org)
  • In order for them to be developed from stem cells, they need a very specific environment in which signals from hormones or proteins trigger the required morphological and functional transformation. (izw-berlin.de)
  • Some mistakes, for example, might cause misfolded proteins to aggregate in a cell, as happens in Alzheimer's disease, whereas others may give a cell an evolutionary advantage. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • The most surprising finding was that the distribution of these mistakes are much more common in proteins expressed in the cell in smaller rather than in larger amounts. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • This is because more abundant proteins would clutter up the cell much sooner if they contained errors, so that the cell would not have survived evolution. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • The nanobodies are small antibody proteins naturally produced in specific animals like camels, alpacas, and llamas. (lawbc.com)
  • Each of the proteins produced from these genes transports certain ions across cell membranes . (medlineplus.gov)
  • S. zooepidemicus also produces a variety of extracellular proteins, about 100 genes identified so far, making up 5% of the total genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • 44 of these proteins are cell wall anchored surface proteins, which is a high number for Streptococcus species. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pathogenic gram positive bacteria species express cell-wall associated proteins that interact in various ways with the extracellular environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some cell-surface virulence factors, which all contribute to the pathogenicity of S. zooepidemicus, include: SzP proteins: similar to a surface M-protein, this protein is anti-phagocytic and anti-opsonization, with impairs with host protection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application at Kyoto University in Japan presented data at a meeting of the American Society of Hematology showing they were able to create the cells in the laboratory and confirm they had the same life span as normal human platelets when infused in mice. (ibtimes.com)
  • The Japanese researchers set out to create an immortalized cell line with a large number of high-quality megakaryocytes -- precursor cells that develop into platelets -- from stem cells that can be grown indefinitely and differentiate into a variety of cell types in the body. (ibtimes.com)
  • Newswise - MEDFORD/SOMERVILLE, Mass. (November 1, 2019) -Tufts University researchers have transplanted engineered pancreatic beta cells into diabetic mice, then caused the cells to produce more than two to three times the typical level of insulin by exposing them to light. (newswise.com)
  • Researchers found that transplanting the engineered pancreatic beta cells under the skin of diabetic mice led to improved tolerance and regulation of glucose, reduced hyperglycemia, and higher levels of plasma insulin when subjected to illumination with blue light. (newswise.com)
  • Using cultured cells, the Washington University School of Medicine researchers found that the toxin MPP+ stopped the circulation of mitochondria in dopamine-producing cell axons, leading to the axonal withering and subsequently cell death. (genengnews.com)
  • Looking more closely at the mitochondria in treated cells, the researchers found that in some cases mitochondria seemed to be moving back toward the cell body, against the flow of other molecules and organelles, which suggested they were being trafficked back for repair. (genengnews.com)
  • These features allowed the researchers to exploit an endogenous DNA repair system in the cell called microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) in order to precisely remove the reporter gene. (medindia.net)
  • Researchers identified that an abundance of fungi in the gut, particularly strains of Candida albicans yeast, could trigger an increase in immune cells, which could worsen lung damage. (medicaldaily.com)
  • The key, Stanford researchers report, may be those cells' affinity for zinc. (stanford.edu)
  • In a study published online Dec. 6 in Cell Chemical Biology , Stanford researchers used that fact to selectively deliver a drug to beta cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Although some researchers deemed that impossible, Annes and his colleagues recently succeeded in creating specific molecules that make beta cells divide and produce more beta cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Then Annes had a thought: Researchers have known since the 1940s that beta cells collect about 1,000 times more zinc than surrounding tissue cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Researchers have mostly used that fact as a way to stain and visually identify beta cells in pancreatic tissue samples. (stanford.edu)
  • Friday, U.S. and British researchers reported that diabetes could be treated by using stem cells taken from the umbilical cords of newborns. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Researchers were able to take stem cells, expand them into a large number, and direct them to be similar to the insulin producing cells. (cellmedicine.com)
  • Researchers have created sterile animals capable of producing the fertile sperm of a different species through a technique called blastocyst complementation. (iflscience.com)
  • Stem cell research harnesses the versatility of cell types to produce tissue and organs but creating gametes such as sperm and egg have proven difficult to achieve (though researchers did recently make a mouse embryo from stem cells ). (iflscience.com)
  • Using an innovative version of mass spectrometry method and advanced algorithms, the researchers discovered and analyzed all the mistakes that occur in protein production in a single amino acid cell - in yeast and bacterial cells. (weizmann-usa.org)
  • The researchers, based at Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, and Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA, used extrusion-based 3-D printing to produce a grid-like 3-D structure to grow embryoid body that demonstrated cell viability and rapid self-renewal for 7 days while maintaining high pluripotentcy. (phys.org)
  • The researchers hope that this technique can be developed to produce embryoid body at a high-throughput, providing the basic building blocks for other researchers to perform experiments on tissue regeneration and/or for drug screening studies. (phys.org)
  • According to ARS, as a proof-of-concept, researchers showed that nanobodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be made in plant cells and remain functional in blocking the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to its receptor protein: the process responsible for initiating viral infection in human cells. (lawbc.com)
  • Researchers at Lund University have instead chosen to investigate what protects the insulin-producing cells. (lu.se)
  • Previous studies by the same researchers have shown that C3 is also present inside cells and plays an important role there. (lu.se)
  • An objective among many diabetes researchers is to create treatments where stem cells are taken from the patient and converted into insulin-producing cells, which are then transplanted back into the patient. (lu.se)
  • Among researchers studying the immune system, there is no consensus on whether C3 plays a significant role inside our cells. (lu.se)
  • Organoids recovered from short-term infection with pks+ E. coli show characteristics of CRC cells, e.g., enhanced proliferation, Wnt-independence, and impaired differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • continues Wei Sun. "However, these don't show the same cell uniformity and homogenous proliferation. (phys.org)
  • I think that we've produced a 3-D microenvironment which much more like that found in vivo for growing embryoid body, which explains the higher levels of cell proliferation. (phys.org)
  • Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)
  • These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assay and, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionally relevant humanized mouse transplant model. (lu.se)
  • Although arginase activity has been described in cancer patients, it is thought to originate from tumor cells metabolizing arginine to ornithine needed to sustain rapid cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These abnormalities overactivate a biochemical process that increases adrenal cell growth and division (proliferation), which promotes adenoma formation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major cause of foodborne disease in industrialized countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Representative Xba I pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O123:H- strains isolated from patient fecal samples and strains isolated from ground beef obtained from patients' home, France, 2009. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC is monitoring a large outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 (STEC O104:H4) infections ongoing in Germany. (cdc.gov)
  • As of July 5, 2011, case counts confirmed by Germany's Robert Koch Institute include 852 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)-a type of kidney failure that is associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, or STEC, infections-and 32 HUS-associated deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • Katherine Lamba] Well, Shiga toxins are a group of toxins that can cause human cell damage and cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • They're typically produced by two types of bacteria, known as Shiga toxin- producing E. coli and a specific type of Shigella known as Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. (cdc.gov)
  • Katherine Lamba] Shiga toxins can target certain cells in the human gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and central nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • Shigella dysenteriae is more common in developing countries and is the only type of Shigella that is usually known to produce Shiga toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Katherine Lamba] What was unusual was the type of bacteria that were producing the Shiga toxins, rather than the toxins themselves. (cdc.gov)
  • In the United States, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli is the most common bacteria that produces Shiga toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • In our investigation, we found patients who were infected with Shigella sonnei that were producing Shiga toxin. (cdc.gov)
  • Katherine Lamba] Well, we monitored for patients with Shiga toxin-producing Shigella infections in California from June 2014 through April 2015. (cdc.gov)
  • The realization that not all human embryonic stem cell lines are born equal is critical," Sun said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • If you're studying a disease found in a certain part of the brain, you should use a human embryonic stem cell line that produces the neurons from that region of the brain to get the most accurate results from your study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sun said there are ways to prod an embryonic stem cell line biased to become neurons found in the rear brain to become neurons found in the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sun and her team confirmed that the two embryonic stem cell lines were different through gene expression analysis -- neurons that perform different functions in different parts of the brain express different genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The new gene-editing method can produce stem cell twins with absolute precision. (medindia.net)
  • The team previously built human stem cell-based beta cell models in the lab and genomic maps detailing how various beta cell genes are regulated. (ucsd.edu)
  • Now, new research published in Stem Cell Reports has been able to promote the generation of rat sperm in a sterile mouse by injecting them with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). (iflscience.com)
  • We were surprised by the relative simplicity by which we could mix the two species to produce viable mouse-rat chimeras," said senior author and stem cell biologist at ETH Zurich Ori Bar-Nur in a statement . (iflscience.com)
  • That said, the achievement represents a novel method for generating species' gametes which could prove useful in conservation, as well as wider stem cell research. (iflscience.com)
  • In its race to advance assisted reproduction and stem cell associated technologies to save the northern white rhinoceros from extinction, the BioRescue consortium announces a major breakthrough: the creation of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLSs) from induced pluripotent stem cells of the northern white rhino Nabire. (izw-berlin.de)
  • With stem cell associated techniques (SCAT) the BioRescue scientists aim to overcome this bottleneck: By using stored and preserved tissue of rhino skin it should be possible in principle to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPCSs), primordial germ cells and finally artificial gametes. (izw-berlin.de)
  • They were used for stimulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells. (ualr.edu)
  • In the long term, the knowledge about C3 can be used to develop new treatments aimed at protecting the insulin-producing cells, such as stem cell therapies for treating type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. (lu.se)
  • They were able to produce a cell line that turned off certain genes to generate functional platelets. (ibtimes.com)
  • The large number of pure neurons produced will allow Sun and her team to study their biological form and structure, the genes they express, the development of synapses and the electric and chemical communication activities within the synapse network. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As expected, genes involved in insulin secretion were highly active in the beta cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Additionally, the cells showed many differences in the expression of genes involved in cell inflammation and autoimmunity. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Weir's team found that in the rats with just slightly greater glucose levels, beta cells showed dramatic increases in the expression of some key genes involved in T cell interactions. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Different cell types and their highly expressed genes through single-cell transcriptomic analysis. (elifesciences.org)
  • B ) Heatmap shows the scaled expression patterns of the top 10 marker genes in each cell type. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Violin plots showing the expression of representative well-known and potential new marker genes of the four subtypes of adrenal cell types. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Overlap of upregulated or downregulated genes in the two pairwise comparisons between adrenal cell types. (elifesciences.org)
  • Aldosterone-producing adenomas are caused by mutations in one of several genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The most commonly mutated gene is KCNJ5 , accounting for an estimated 40 percent of the tumors, followed by the CACNA1D and ATP1A1 genes, which are mutated in about 9 percent and 6 percent of aldosterone-producing adenomas, respectively. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genes known to be involved in aldosterone-producing adenomas have roles in balancing the amounts of positively charged atoms (ions) of sodium (Na + ), potassium (K + ), and calcium (Ca 2+ ) in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • E1 and E2) produced by CFPS based on crude Escherichia coli lysates are active in eradicating persister cells induced by ciprofloxacin, by up to six orders of magnitude of cell viability reduction. (aiche.org)
  • Genotoxic colibactin-producing pks+ Escherichia coli induce DNA double-strand breaks, mutations, and promote tumor development in mouse models of colorectal cancer (CRC). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Diabetes is a disease in which the body can't produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. (stanford.edu)
  • In type 2 diabetes, beta cells don't produce enough insulin and other cells stop responding to it. (ucsd.edu)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 123 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, prior to treatment, were found to have a significantly increased arginase activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • By that definition, the study created mouse-rat chimeras by introducing cells made up of rat genetic material inside the testes of mice. (iflscience.com)
  • In addition, one still needs to showcase the production of female reproductive cells (i.e., eggs) in female sterile mice, especially if we envision utilizing this technology for species conservation efforts. (iflscience.com)
  • In sexually reproducing organisms such as humans, rhinos or mice, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic precursors of sperm and eggs that pass on genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. (izw-berlin.de)
  • The scientists relied on knowledge from the mouse model: In 2016, Katsuhiko Hayashi and his team managed to create primordial germ cell-like cells and finally germ cells from mice that were fertilised in the lab and resulted in healthy offspring being born. (izw-berlin.de)
  • Myeloid suppressor cells with high arginase activity are found in tumors and spleen of mice with colon and lung cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • G ) Muzzle-infiltrating cells were isolated from LMC and Sox13 -/- mice and re-stimulated in vitro with PdBu/ionomycin to assess production of IL-5 and IL-13 by ILCs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Specific loss of Vγ2 + Tγδ17 cells, scratching behaviors and reciprocally enhanced effector function of ILCs in Sox13 -/- mice with dermatitis. (elifesciences.org)
  • H ) Increased skin γδ T cells, including Tγδ17 cells (TCRδ int ), in 4-6 week old Rora -/- mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Aberrant αβ T cell activation in AD of Sox13 -/- mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • A ) Total number of the indicated T cell types recovered from skin of from 5-6mo mice were calculated using AccuCheck counting beads. (elifesciences.org)
  • B ) FACS analysis of CD4 neg CD8β neg skin T cells (gated on B220 - F4/80 - TCRβ + ) with control MR1/6-FP or MR1/5-OP-RU tetramer to identify MAIT cells in 5 mo mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Summary data of frequency of MAIT tetramer-reactive cells among total TCRβ + cells pooled from two independent experiments, performed as in Panel B analyzing a total of 5-6 mice/group. (elifesciences.org)
  • D ) Muzzle-infiltrating cells were isolated from indicated mice, stimulated in vitro with PdBu/ionomycin, and analyzed for αβ T cell subset-specific production of IL-17A and IL-22 and for CD4 + T cell production of IL-4, and IL-13. (elifesciences.org)
  • To investigate this possibility, we generated mice with inducible knockout of Gsα in JG cells and monitored them for 6 months after induction at 6 weeks of age. (bvsalud.org)
  • We detected VEGF expression in JG cells of control mice , and cAMP agonists regulated VEGF expression in cultured renin -producing cells . (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data demonstrate that Gsα deficiency in JG cells of adult mice results in kidney injury , and suggest that JG cells are critically involved in the maintenance and protection of the renal microvascular endothelium . (bvsalud.org)
  • In type I diabetes, the beta cells, which are the only cells in the body that produce insulin, are destroyed by the immune system resulting in complete lack of the hormone. (newswise.com)
  • When insulin demand in the body exceeds beta cell insulin production capacity, prompted by events such as beta cell loss (type 1 diabetes) or weight gain (type 2 diabetes), beta cells proliferate in an effort to meet insulin demand. (umassmed.edu)
  • To treat diabetes directly, rather than manage its symptoms, doctors need a way to get drugs to cells that produce insulin. (stanford.edu)
  • That advance might have given new hope to diabetes patients, but there was a catch: The way to get beta cells to start dividing and replicating is the same way to get lots of other cells to divide and replicate. (stanford.edu)
  • We plan to develop a roadmap of genetic variations, relevant in beta cells, to predict changes in insulin output - important information that may better enable us to prevent and treat diabetes," said team lead Maike Sander, MD, professor and director of the Pediatric Diabetes Research Center at UC San Diego School of Medicine. (ucsd.edu)
  • In type 1 diabetes, a person's own immune system mistakenly attacks beta cells, so they don't produce insulin. (ucsd.edu)
  • Sander is a physician-scientist specializing in beta cell biology and diabetes. (ucsd.edu)
  • What's surprising is that the changes in beta-cell behavior begin to occur when the blood glucose levels are barely elevated, still within the pre- diabetes range. (medicalxpress.com)
  • These slightly high concentrations of glucose are enough to really confuse the cell," says Gordon Weir, MD, senior investigator and senior staff physician at Joslin Diabetes Center. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In type 1 diabetes, immune cells called "T cells" begin to kill off the beta cells and blood glucose levels start to creep up. (medicalxpress.com)
  • This finding may improve the understanding of the rapid death of beta cells that patients typically experience just before they are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, Weir says. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Irreversible failure of pancreatic β-cells is the main culprit in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, a disease that is now a major global epidemic. (uzh.ch)
  • Much research on diabetes focuses on understanding what happens when the insulin-producing cells are destroyed. (lu.se)
  • Although there are many differences between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, there are also similarities, such as inflammation of the insulin-producing cells. (lu.se)
  • Much research on diabetes focuses on trying to understand what happens when the insulin-producing cells are destroyed. (lu.se)
  • Human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)**: HDCV is an inactivated virus vaccine prepared from fixed rabies virus grown in WI-38 or MRC-5 human diploid cell culture. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • The physically bigger cells should store five times more energy than the currently used 2170-type cells. (insideevs.com)
  • Assuming 4416 2170-type cells in a Tesla Model Y Long Range, the MIT Model Y might get the same capacity using less than 900 4860-type cells. (insideevs.com)
  • A small new automotive customer is also Rivian (cylindrical cells - 2170 type). (insideevs.com)
  • Oxygen starvation is a common problem in studies involving transplanted pancreatic cells. (newswise.com)
  • Scientists in Italy and Texas now have discovered a new way that these cells die - by toxic imbalance of a molecule secreted by other pancreatic cells. (medicaldaily.com)
  • In order to understand the role of SNPs in hereditary disease, scientists at Kyoto University's Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA) create induced pluripotent stem cells from patient donors. (medindia.net)
  • Our study shows that we can use sterile animals as hosts for the generation of germ cells from other animal species," said Bar-Nur. (iflscience.com)
  • In the present study, the mechanism for the hepatic injury by troglitazone was investigated with human hepatoma cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • Only fully mature insulin-producing beta cells are able to use this stress mechanism to sense that the body needs more insulin than the current allotment of beta cells can provide. (umassmed.edu)
  • Molecular Biology of B Cells. (soton.ac.uk)
  • American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology , 64 (1), 143-146. (eur.nl)
  • Tesla celebrates a milestone of producing one million 4680-type cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells. (insideevs.com)
  • Let's recall that Volkswagen Group intends to build (with partners) a total of six lithium-ion battery cell plants in Europe alone, with a total output of about 240 GWh annually (40 GWh per plant on average). (insideevs.com)
  • These cells will be excellent for doing gene expression studies and biochemical and protein analyses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Pancreatic beta cells were engineered with a gene that encodes a photoactivatable adenylate cyclase (PAC) enzyme. (newswise.com)
  • To create isogenic twins, the Woltjen laboratory has developed new genome editing technology that inserts an SNP modification along with a fluorescent reporter gene, which acts as a signal to detect modified cells. (medindia.net)
  • Studying beta cells in lab rats whose blood glucose levels were slightly elevated, Weir's lab found changes in gene expression that affect not just how well the cells function but their ability to divide and grow, as well as their vulnerability to autoimmunity and inflammation. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In their latest experiments, the Joslin team employed the same approach along with powerful "RNA sequencing" methods that revealed patterns of gene expression in the beta cells, either four weeks or ten weeks after surgery. (medicalxpress.com)
  • More striking were newly discovered alterations in gene expression that could make the cells more vulnerable. (medicalxpress.com)
  • A ) Volcano plot of changes in gene expression between POMC+&CRH + pheochromocytes and other adrenal cell types (pheochromocytes and adrenocortical cells). (elifesciences.org)
  • Mutations in the KCNJ5 , CACNA1D , or ATP1A1 gene lead to abnormal electrical charges across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although the prototype device can't yet rival commercial solar cells made of silicon, it demonstrates a new strategy for making longer-lasting photovoltaic cells. (sciencenews.org)
  • Foxconn's acquisition of Sharp boosts its capabilities to produce solar power and high end smartphone displays. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • The Chinese solar module producer says it has achieved 21.1% average efficiency for P-type monocrystalline PERC cells produced in industrial standard conditions. (pv-magazine.com)
  • Trina Solar, the Chinese Tier-1 solar company, has announced this week that it has achieved a new record efficiency for PERC solar cells. (pv-magazine.com)
  • We are proud of our latest achievement in attaining an average conversion efficiency rate of 21.1% for our monocrystalline PERC cells that were industrially produced by applying our laboratory world record PERC cell technology,' said Trina Solar s VP and chief scientist, Pierre Verlinden. (pv-magazine.com)
  • As demand for high-efficiency cells increases,' Feng said, 'our R&D team s achievement in raising the average efficiency of our industrially produced mono PERC cells will help accelerate the applications of high-efficiency solar products and build a solid foundation for further reductions in the LCOE. (pv-magazine.com)
  • As part of the READY project, three of Ringgården's six apartment blocks on Trige Parkvej are currently being fitted with a very special energy solution, a new type of photovoltaic installation that can produce around three times as much energy as traditional solar cells. (dbdh.dk)
  • Where traditional solar cells can absorb about 20 per cent of the energy in sunlight, the new PTVT panels can absorb up to 90 per cent. (dbdh.dk)
  • That is why we have worked with to develop a smart battery installation which can store the surplus energy from the solar cells and make it available when residents come home and need electricity and heat. (dbdh.dk)
  • The limitation in using stem cells to produce platelets has been the ability to find a method that creates a large number of high-quality, functional platelets. (ibtimes.com)
  • Because PGCs are the founder population for gametes, this accomplishment paves a way to produce functional gametes from induced pluripotent stem cells from northern white rhinos which will contribute to the effort to rewind their extinction. (izw-berlin.de)
  • Highly functional titania nanoparticles produced by flame spray pyrolysis. (forth.gr)
  • Inhibition of intracellular 1-deoxysphinganine trafficking and ceramide synthesis improved the viability of the cells, indicating that the intracellular metabolites of 1-deoxysphinganine contribute to its cytotoxicity. (uzh.ch)
  • Typically, the male reproductive system produces sperm, and the female reproductive system produces eggs. (cdc.gov)
  • 5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
  • Bona, Constantin A. and Stevenson, Freda K. (2004) B cells producing pathogenic autoantibodies. (soton.ac.uk)
  • The 4680-type cylindrical cells (combined with a structural battery pack) will be used in new electric vehicles from Tesla, starting with the Made-in-Texas (MIT) Model Y . (insideevs.com)
  • The PAC produces the molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) when exposed to blue light, which in turn cranks up the glucose-stimulated production of insulin in the beta cell. (newswise.com)
  • The study found ER stress pathways actually send a signal to the cell nucleus, via an ER protein called ATF6 that says "proliferate. (umassmed.edu)
  • Affected areas may appear yellowish in time, as endothelial cells proliferate and produce basement membrane. (medscape.com)
  • In vitro, the mineralization ability of human rotator cuff cells from osteoarthritis donors was assessed by alizarin red or Von Kossa staining. (iasp-pain.org)
  • In vitro, tenocyte-like cells extracted from the rotator cuff were able to mineralize in osteogenic cultures, and expressed , , and , which are hypertrophic chondrocytes markers. (iasp-pain.org)
  • The scientists of the BioRescue consortium have already produced northern white rhino embryos by in vitro fertilisation of oocytes with sperm. (izw-berlin.de)
  • In vitro , POM1 stimulated differentiation of a greater number of dithizone-positive cells (also organized in clusters) than the second nanocompound (POM2). (ualr.edu)
  • Based on our in vitro studies, we have concluded that both the POMs tested had significant biological activity acting as active stimuli for differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells. (ualr.edu)
  • We examined the relationship between peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2 S (Spike protein)1/M (Membrane protein)-reactive IFN-γ-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, serum levels of biomarkers of clinical severity, and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (nature.com)
  • Colicins, a type of antimicrobial bacteriocins, are considered as a viable alternative of conventional antibiotics due to their unique cell killing mechanisms that can damage cells by pore-forming on the cell membrane, nuclease activity, and cell wall synthesis inhibition. (aiche.org)
  • The flow of these ions creates an electrical charge across the cell membrane, which affects certain biochemical processes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The human body contains approximately ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • As other thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, did not induce cell death and apoptosis in the present study, the affinity to PPARgamma may not affect the induction of apoptosis by troglitazone. (nih.gov)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, are produced by manipulating ordinary human skin or blood cells back to a state in which they are able to differentiate into a number of different cell types. (ibtimes.com)
  • Rotator Cuff Tenocytes Differentiate into Hypertrophic Chondrocyte-Like Cells to Produce Calcium Deposits in an Alkaline Phosphatase-Dependent Manner. (iasp-pain.org)
  • We provide evidence that tenocytes have a propensity to differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cells to produce TNAP-dependent calcium deposits. (iasp-pain.org)
  • However, the percentage of neurons in the cell culture was not high and the neurons were difficult to isolate from the other cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • UCLA's Yi Sun, an associate professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Thomas Südhof at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center were able to produce 70 to 80 percent of neurons in cell culture. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We're excited because we have been able to purify so many more neurons out of the cell culture and they were, surprisingly, healthy enough to form synapses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When the time was right, Sun's team added protein growth factors into the cell culture that stopped the neural stem cells from self-renewing and prodded them into differentiating into neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The neurons could then be separated from the neural stem cells that had not yet differentiated, a sort of chemical round-up that isolated the neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The cells were then put into a cell strainer that allowed passage through of the isolated neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Huntington's disease, for example, is a forebrain disease, so the neurons should be differentiated from a cell line that is biased to produce neurons from the forebrain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When applied to cultured dopamine-producing neurons, the toxin caused mitochondria to stop trafficking along the axon within about 30 minutes, although other axonal transport systems continued to function. (genengnews.com)
  • While the specificity for dopamine-producing neurons has still to be worked out, a clue may lie in the team's observation that in comparison with other types of nerve cells, mitochondria in this type of neuron are smaller in size and travel three times more slowly. (genengnews.com)
  • Intracellular cAMP, the production of which is catalyzed by the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα), controls renin synthesis and release by juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the kidney , but may also have relevance for the physiologic integrity of the kidney . (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, the activated follicles eventually produced oocytes , the precursors of egg cells, which seemed normal in every important respect. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Crucial to embryo production is the availability of oocytes (egg cells) and sperm. (izw-berlin.de)
  • Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. (lu.se)
  • Inhibition of Metabolic Cooperation in V79 Cells: Potential Correlations with Tumor Promotion. (cdc.gov)
  • Tumor promoters acted by the inhibition of cell to cell communication. (cdc.gov)
  • In the V79 assay, the amount of cell killing that occurred when toxic 6-thioguanine (154427) (6-TG) monophosphate from wild type cells was transferred to 6-TG resistant cells, was an indication of cell to cell communication inhibition. (cdc.gov)
  • They showed substantial effectiveness in producing antibodies against COVID-19 without any visible side effects. (medicaldaily.com)
  • After four to five days of culture, the B cells started producing the IgA antibody in a process called "IgA class switch recombination. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In order to measure ER stress in cell lines engineered for high-levels of recombinant protein production, this research aims to demonstrate the presence of ER stress associated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody production, elucidate the progression of UPR in response to highly producing recombinant protein, and determine the effect of UPR on product quality. (aiche.org)
  • To isolate the cells, Sun and her team added an enzyme that digests a sort of protein matrix that holds cells in culture together. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In normal ovaries, the unleashed PI3K targets a protein called Foxo3, which is then removed from the nucleus of follicle cells. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • FNZ protein: binds specifically to fibronectin, which is present on most host cell walls. (wikipedia.org)
  • FNZ2 protein: binds to collagen, also present on host cell walls, and fibronectin (similar to FNZ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Anna Blom and Ben C King have discovered that C3 protein protects insulin-producing cells. (lu.se)
  • Their research shows that a protein of the immune system protects the insulin-producing cells from inflammation and death. (lu.se)
  • The protein is secreted from cells and is found in large quantities in the blood. (lu.se)
  • Now, their latest study in PNAS shows that the protein C3 protects insulin-producing cells from damage and death when it is present inside the cells. (lu.se)
  • We have chosen a different approach that aims to understand what protects the insulin-producing cells," says Anna Blom, professor of protein chemistry at Lund University, who led the study. (lu.se)
  • It is already known that a protein called IL-1B can cause inflammation and damage to the insulin-producing cells. (lu.se)
  • Our new study shows that the protein plays a different role when it is located inside the cell. (lu.se)
  • Insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, is made in pancreatic beta cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Beta cells produce the hormone insulin in response to increased sugar levels in the blood, as happens after a meal. (ucsd.edu)
  • Beta cells (green) produce the hormone insulin. (medicalxpress.com)
  • An aldosterone-producing adenoma is a noncancerous (benign) tumor that develops in an adrenal gland, which is a small hormone-producing gland located on top of each kidney. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The adrenal tumor produces too much of the hormone aldosterone, which is a condition known as primary hyperaldosteronism. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We investigated the effect of costimulation through CD28 and CD11a on the differentiation of human naive CD4 + T cells with restricted cytokine production profiles. (karger.com)
  • These patients had a markedly decreased cytokine production and expressed low levels of T cell receptor CD3ζ chain. (aacrjournals.org)
  • iPS cells retain the genetic makeup of the donor and can be converted into any cell type in the body. (medindia.net)
  • Sequencing the human genome - a feat accomplished in 2003 - provided the list of ingredients that make up a human being, but not the instructions that explain how those ingredients are used by each cell type to create complex "meals. (ucsd.edu)
  • The effects of the wild type bacteriurn, several mutants and the purified factors will be tested on Arabidopsis plants as well as tobacco cell cultures. (europa.eu)
  • We expect to discover which type of cells are targets for Rhodococcus and where these cells are located in the plant. (europa.eu)
  • The company says that it has reached 21.1% average efficiency for its P-type monocrystalline cells with passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) technology, produced in standard industrial conditions on a cell measuring 156 x 156 mm2 and reaching an output power of 300 watts (W). (pv-magazine.com)
  • A unique tumor cell type was revealed by the composition analysis of cell types in each sample. (elifesciences.org)
  • The culture medium for the assay contained 3 percent fetal bovine serum, 100 6-TG resistant cells and 4x10(5) 6-TG wild type cells. (cdc.gov)
  • A parallel cytotoxicity assay was also run without the 6-TG wild type cell. (cdc.gov)
  • Calcifications were amorphous areas surrounded by a fibrocartilaginous metaplasia containing hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cells that expressed tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which are two key enzymes of the mineralization process. (iasp-pain.org)
  • These cells - capable of generating all cell types in the body - could be used as the 'lego bricks' to build tissue constructs, larger structures of tissues, and potentially even micro-organs. (phys.org)
  • During the project I will learn new techniques, such as plant genetics, plant cell culturing, and classical and confocal fluorescence microscopy. (europa.eu)
  • It is this transition from laboratory to mass production technology that has been the Holy Grail for cell developers. (pv-magazine.com)
  • and despite the increased secretion of insulin, the amount of oxygen consumed by the cells does not change significantly as our study shows. (newswise.com)
  • They'll look at 10 different stimuli known to modify insulin secretion, including sugar, other nutrients and food-dependent hormones, and determine how the beta cell genome and insulin release change in response to those stimuli over various lengths of time. (ucsd.edu)
  • however , secretion levels needed for industrial cell lines likely leads to an imbalance in ER homeostasis, resulting in increased cellular stress. (aiche.org)
  • Blocking of endogenous IL-4 activity with anti-IL-4 Ab suppressed the IL-4 secretion and prolifeation of T cells. (karger.com)
  • After repeated stimulation, CD4 + T cells which were stimulated in the absence of costimulation through CD28 lost their ability to secrete IL-2 and started secreting IL-4 and IFN-γ. (karger.com)
  • Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
  • Jonathan Tilly of Massachusetts General Hospital recently announced findings in which he shows that certain stem cells found in women's ovaries can produce new eggs. (bostonmagazine.com)
  • If true, this could be a huge boon for women, who've long been told they can produce only so many eggs in their lifetime - the same reason why elderly women can no longer have children. (bostonmagazine.com)
  • Importantly, the study also found that the key elements of this pathway are active in human beta cells too. (umassmed.edu)
  • To help bridge the gap between genotype (DNA sequence) and phenotype (cell behavior), the National Human Genome Research Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, has launched a new Impact of Genomic Variation on Function Consortium . (ucsd.edu)
  • The objectives of this study were to better characterize the cells and mechanisms involved in depositing apatite crystals in human tendons. (iasp-pain.org)
  • On November 30, 2022, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) announced that its scientists have determined that plants could be used to produce nanobodies that quickly block emerging pathogens in human medicine and agriculture. (lawbc.com)
  • Enumeration of peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2-S1/M-reactive IFN-γ CD4 + and CD8 + T cells does not predict viral clearance from the lower respiratory tract or poor clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (nature.com)
  • Scientists have used a synthetic form of a recreational heroine-like drug developed back in the 1980s to demonstrate that dopamine-producing nerve cell death caused by Parkinson disease may be due to mitochondrial damage. (genengnews.com)
  • we just boost the amount of cAMP transiently in beta cells to get them to make more insulin only when it's needed. (newswise.com)
  • Until now, it was unclear how beta cells sense the demand to make more insulin. (umassmed.edu)
  • The light-switchable cells are designed to compensate for the lower insulin production or reduced insulin response found in diabetic individuals. (newswise.com)
  • When there's an increase in insulin demand, there's a corresponding increase in insulin production in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the beta cell, which causes some stress to the ER system. (umassmed.edu)
  • It is considered to be unique as it can guide the cell's own repair mechanisms to provide a pair of genetically matched cells for studying disease-related mutations, finds a new study. (medindia.net)
  • None of the cells ever developed into a tumour, which is a real concern since one of PTEN's role is to keep cancer at bay. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • These wrinkly rodents, already known for being resistant to cancer, produce egg cells their whole lives-an extremely rare trait in mammals. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • CRISPR genome editing enhances immune system's T-cells for cancer immunotherapy, says study. (medindia.net)
  • One promising approach may be to stimulate the regeneration of those cells with drugs. (stanford.edu)
  • For years, Annes' goal has been to develop a medication that would promote the regeneration of insulin-producing beta cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Increased voltage-dependent calcium influx produced by alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor activation in rat medullary thyroid carcinoma 6-23 cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Coupled Receptor Signaling in Renin-Producing Cells Leads to Renal Endothelial Damage. (bvsalud.org)