• In terms of cell death, RIPK1 plays a role in apoptosis and necroptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several years later, Kerr and co-workers 2 defined the morphological changes in cells undergoing this process, also known as apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • SCARA5 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of CAL-27 and SCC-9 cells. (degruyter.com)
  • In conclusion, SCARA5 inhibited the proliferation and EMT and induced the apoptosis of OSCC cells through the inhibition of STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, thereby exerting a tumor suppressor effect. (degruyter.com)
  • Hepatocyte cell death can occur via either apoptosis or necrosis (or intermediate forms). (rug.nl)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating AKT1 which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. (senescence.info)
  • Moreover, knocking down BDNF partially reversed esketamine-mediated activation of the mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling pathway and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in propofol-induced rats. (degruyter.com)
  • After ligand binding, the tyrosine kinase domain is activated and stimulates the intracellular signaling pathways that control the proliferation rate and apoptosis. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • Using KIT-mutant GIST cell lines, these investigators showed that a small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor (NVPAEW541) reduced cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • AKT activation upregulates the GATA-1 and FOXO3 transcriptional pathways with resulting inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of cell cycle and enhanced maturation of erythroid cells. (ca.gov)
  • Effects of taspine on proliferation and apoptosis by regulating caspase-3 expression and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 in A431 cells. (rain-tree.com)
  • Sangre de grado ( Croton palanostigma ) induces apoptosis in human gastrointestinal cancer cells. (rain-tree.com)
  • Our Programmed Cell Death poster gives a summary of the signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, necroptosis and cell survival. (tocris.com)
  • Elimination of BCR/ABL-dependent intracellular signals triggers apoptosis, but it is unclear whether this activates additional cell survival and/or death pathways. (lu.se)
  • Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention of lymphocyte apoptosis, same process by which these cell populations are regulat- through either genetic modification of the host or treatment ed during normal health ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • acquired defects in the control of apoptosis may lead to a Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the method variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Effect of cadmium on P53 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in a murine macrophage cell line: relation to apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • It is immunotoxic in vivo and induces apoptosis in many cultured cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Present study was designed to determine the impact of cadmium on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis, and to investigate the possible involvement of p53 and MAPKs signaling pathways in J774A.1 murine macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • Cd inhibited cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Results suggested that p53 is not involved in Cd-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in J774A.1 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we review the role of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as essential components of the cell death machinery during physiologic and pathologic settings. (nature.com)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • The KIT and PDGFRA genes provide instructions for making receptor proteins that are found in the cell membrane of certain cell types. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When a ligand attaches (binds), the KIT or PDGFRA receptor protein is turned on (activated), which leads to activation of a series of proteins in multiple signaling pathways. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As a result, the proteins and the signaling pathways are constantly turned on (constitutively activated), which increases the proliferation and survival of cells and leads to the formation of tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These AKT proteins therefore regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. (senescence.info)
  • AKT proteins are recruited to the cell membrane by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) after phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by PI3K. (senescence.info)
  • AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. (senescence.info)
  • These TCRs will be combined with the PD1-41BB and/or the CD40L-CD28 costimulatory switch proteins to enhance penetration, proliferation, persistence and enhanced cytotoxic function of Medigene's TCR-T cells while mitigating the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment. (nwahomepage.com)
  • Cellular signaling pathways are networks of genes, proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and other cellular species that "communicate" in order to govern the basic functions of cells. (american.edu)
  • Click on one of the biological effects of VEGF-VEGF R2 signaling shown in the Explore Pathways box below to see the specific molecules involved in promoting each effect and the phosphorylation sites on VEGF R2 that are necessary for recruitment of key downstream adaptor proteins or kinases. (rndsystems.com)
  • Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)
  • Western blot analysis of recombinant Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3 proteins, and extracts from various cell lines, using Akt (pan) (C67E7) Rabbit mAb. (cellsignal.com)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, SCARA5 was related to STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in OSCC. (degruyter.com)
  • This thesis describes that hepatocyte death and survival are regulated at the cross-roads of intracellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), membrane-bound receptors (such as GPCRs and EGFR) and cell survival signaling pathways (such as ERK, PI3K and PKC). (rug.nl)
  • AKT/PI3K forms a key component of many signalling pathways that involve the binding of membrane-bound ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin-linked kinase. (senescence.info)
  • The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is crucial for tumor cell survival. (senescence.info)
  • Esketamine activated the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K) signaling pathway in propofol-administrated rats. (degruyter.com)
  • Overall, esketamine mitigates propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain injury in rats by activating mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling. (degruyter.com)
  • These events are influenced by and activate other molecular pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),[2] and therapies are now available that target these pathocellular processes. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Similar to KIT and PDGFRA, two key IGF-1R signal transduction networks have been identified: the GPTase Ras-Raf-ERK/MAPK and PI3K-AKT/mTOR. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • It has been reported that miR-30a-5p expression is decreased in primary gallbladder cancer (GBC) lesions, and inhibition of its expression in GBC cells promoted migration and invasion ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Croton lechleri sap and isolated alkaloid taspine exhibit inhibition against human melanoma SK23 and colon cancer HT29 cell lines. (rain-tree.com)
  • Inhibition of ERK suppressed DNA synthesis and had an additive effect with Cd-inhibited proliferation suggesting that Cd-induced ERK activity is not responsible for the G2/M arrest and subsequent inhibition of cell proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Stimulation of hedgehog signaling induces carcinogenesis or promotes cell survival in cancers of multiple organs. (rti.org)
  • We have shown here that IM induces autophagy in CML blast crisis cell lines, CML primary cells, and p210BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursor cells. (lu.se)
  • Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) functions in a variety of cellular pathways related to both cell survival and death. (wikipedia.org)
  • The SDH enzyme is involved in cellular pathways that are critical for converting the energy from food into a form that cells can use. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Primary cilia function as specialized cellular signaling organelles that coordinate multiple signaling pathways, including the Hedgehog (HH) pathway ( Zaghloul and Brugmann, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The kinase domain plays different roles in cell survival and is important in necroptosis induction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kinase domain, while important for necroptotic (programmed necrotic) functions, appears dispensable for pro-survival roles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In survival signalling, RIPK1 is then polyubiquitinated, allowing NEMO (Necrosis Factor - kappa - B essential modulator) to bind to the IkB kinase or IKK complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of anti-inflammatory cell signaling molecules, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitory-κBα (IκBα), iNOS and COX-2, was evaluated by western blot analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Concomitant activation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 as well as increased phosphorylation of Bad also were unique to the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-dependent tumor-specific survival signaling in melanoma cells through inactivation of the proapoptotic protein bad. (nih.gov)
  • The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cell signaling pathway promotes cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (mycancergenome.org)
  • The MAP kinase pathway may be activated via several different routes, including upstream growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream mutations in pathway gene components. (mycancergenome.org)
  • BRAF, KRAS, and NRAS are the most frequent biomarkers that serve as inclusion criteria in therapies targeting the MAP kinase signaling pathway. (mycancergenome.org)
  • Biomarkers in the MAP kinase signaling pathway serve as inclusion eligibility criteria in 413 clinical trials, of which 283 are open and 130 are closed. (mycancergenome.org)
  • Of the trials that contain alteration(s) in the MAP kinase signaling pathway as inclusion criteria, 5 are early phase 1 (5 open), 1 is n/a (1 open), 130 are phase 1 (79 open), 87 are phase 1/phase 2 (64 open), 167 are phase 2 (115 open), 1 is phase 2/phase 3 (0 open), and 22 are phase 3 (19 open) [ 1 ]. (mycancergenome.org)
  • Treatment with Cd at 20 and 50 microM induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but did not alter p53 mRNA expression or the activation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal MAPK. (cdc.gov)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Knowledge about the cellular mechanisms regulating death and survival of liver cells is of clinical and scientific interest for developing new therapeutic strategies. (rug.nl)
  • The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the mechanisms of cell death in hepatocytes, in order to develop strategies to protect hepatocytes and prevent liver injury. (rug.nl)
  • In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and prophylactic effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Despite the pivotal role for processes downstream of beta amyloid and tau accumulations as the 'final common pathway' for dysfunction of neurons, the precise mechanisms of synapse loss in AD, dendrite pruning and/or cell death that occur in disease remain uncertain. (alz.org)
  • Thus, as an example (in addition to neuronal targets or other cellular types), there are opportunities to target cellular mechanisms of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and even endothelial cells on blood vessels in order to halt, diminish and/or reverse the brain cell degeneration seen in AD or ADRD. (alz.org)
  • Numerous mechanisms such as acquisition of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation characterized by self-renewal and differentiation abilities can explain HCC aggressiveness. (springer.com)
  • Growing evidence suggests that the interaction between the genomic/epigenomic aberrations in cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment, composed of immune and stromal cells, contributes to the development of tumor invasion via mechanisms such as the so-called "angiogenic switch,"[3-5] creating multiple opportunities for therapeutic intervention. (cancernetwork.com)
  • To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the role of AXL signalling in tumour metastasis, we screened a phage display library to generate a novel human monoclonal antibody, named DAXL-88, that recognizes both human and murine AXL. (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 16 ] Potential mechanisms through which TCF7L2 variants influence T2DM include its role in adipogenesis, myogenesis, and pancreatic islet development, as well as in beta-cell survival and insulin secretory granule function. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we briefly discuss resistance mechanisms based on cell interactions and secreted soluble factors in the hematopoietic niche and provide an overview of niche-related therapeutic targets currently undergoing preclinical and clinical investigation which may help improve the outcome in AML therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • however, the Cd-modulated p53 and MAPKs signaling mechanisms leading to cellular toxicity on macrophages have not been investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
  • The hedgehog pathway regulates epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, differentiation, proliferation and survival during development. (rti.org)
  • The oncogenic signaling pathway includes cellular species that regulate the growth, differentiation, and survival of cells. (american.edu)
  • Experiments revealed that the fusion protein activates unusual signaling pathways during PSC differentiation leading to changes in cycling and survival of the red cells. (ca.gov)
  • Unlimited self renewal capacity and differentiation potential make human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) a promising source for the ex vivo manufacture of red blood cells (RBC) for safe transfusion. (ca.gov)
  • This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of Kp-10 on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) extracted from the bone marrow (BM) of adult Wistar rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • After induction of osteogenic differentiation, cell viability was evaluated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, percentage of area covered by MSCs/field and mineralized nodules/field, and immunocytochemistry of the GPR54 receptor tests. (bvsalud.org)
  • T cell differentiation. (cdc.gov)
  • These data suggest that GSP inhibits inflammatory responses in HSCs by inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway via MAP kinases. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The expression of transthyretin, a protein shown to sequester Aβ and prevent amyloid fibril formation in vitro , and several genes in the insulin-signaling pathway, e.g., insulin-like growth factor-2, were increased selectively in the hippocampus of APP Sw mice. (jneurosci.org)
  • The genes BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and CRKL on this pathway most frequently harbor alterations that are inclusion eligibility criteria for clinical trials. (mycancergenome.org)
  • We further demonstrated that suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes enhanced cell death induced by IM in cell lines and primary CML cells. (lu.se)
  • The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
  • In the human cell, antioxidant molecules include both nonenzymatic compounds such as glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate, α -tocopherol, β -carotene, and coenzyme Q10 and enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Indeed, a number of signaling functions of (phospho)lipid molecules has been discovered. (cdc.gov)
  • Understanding the function of lectin-glycan recognition systems in cell death will facilitate the implementation of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling unbalanced cell proliferation and survival in several pathologic conditions. (nature.com)
  • Signaling studies show that dimerization of ic-MPL, unlike stimulation of the wild type MPL receptor, activates AKT in the absence of JAK2/STAT5 signaling. (ca.gov)
  • Ultimately, ERK (MAPK1) activation activates gene transcription that regulates cell growth and survival. (mycancergenome.org)
  • The interplay of different components of the bone marrow gives rise to altered metabolic states and activates signaling pathways which lead to resistance and impede effective therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The reciprocal relationship between HSCs and precancerous hepatocytes or hepatoma cells promotes tumorigenesis, migration and invasion of cancer cells, and formation of metastasis ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • In a controlled study, Dr. Des Powe, a senior healthcare research scientist at Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK, and his team found that the group of patients treated with beta-blockers showed a significant reduction in metastasis and better survival. (ecancer.org)
  • Patients in the report had a 5-year overall survival rate of 93.1%, although survival rates were lower in children who experienced symptoms, local recurrence, or metastasis or who did not undergo treatment with surgery or surgery plus radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, WNT5A expression is associated with increased metastasis and reduced survival in melanoma patients. (lu.se)
  • The berry fruits are also capable of modulating signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cell survival, neurotransmission and enhancing neuroplasticity. (lww.com)
  • This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • Functional analysis showed that the muscle contraction, immune system/inflammation, and extracellular matrix pathways were the most affected pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • The drugs are already being used together in the clinic, having been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in combination to treat patients with melanoma, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer whose tumors have the BRAF V600E mutation. (cancer.gov)
  • Interleukin-6 drives melanoma cell motility through p38α-MAPK-dependent up-regulation of WNT5A expression. (lu.se)
  • Diverse signal recognition receptors and signal transduction pathways were defined which regulate cellular functions, metabolism and development. (mdpi.com)
  • Signal transduction pathways in hepatocyte cell death. (rug.nl)
  • however, PTCH1, also a transcriptional target of hedgehog signaling in many cell types, was not increased. (rti.org)
  • The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. (researchgate.net)
  • These signaling pathways control many important cellular processes, such as cell growth and division (proliferation) and survival. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • However, cyclopamine reduced viability of cancer epithelial cell lines, including MDA-MB-435, but did not specifically affect fibroblasts or epithelial cells from benign breast, including MCF10AT. (rti.org)
  • Cell counting and MTT assays were used to assess cell viability in the absence or presence of GSP. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MTT, Transwell, scratch, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR assays were performed to examine how curcumol inhibited CRC cell viability, invasion and migration, and to detect the role of miR‑30a‑5p and curcumol in the invasion and Hippo signaling pathways of CRC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results demonstrated that miR‑30a‑5p downregulation was accompanied by the inactivation of the Hippo signaling pathway, which was demonstrated to promote CRC cell viability, invasion and migration. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • ADH activity and ALDH expression were much lower in SNU449 compared with Huh-7 cells and at the 270 mM dose, CAE decreased cell viability by about 50% and 80%, respectively, in Huh-7 and SNU449 cells but induced mortality only in Huh-7 cells. (springer.com)
  • Knockdown of ENO1 expression reduced lactate production, cell viability, cell migration and surface ENO1 expression in MM cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Notably, addition of extracellular ENO1 protein in cancer cell culture enhanced glycolytic activity, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) expression, glycolysis-related gene (GRG) expression and pro-cancer activities, such as cell migration, cell viability and tumor-promoting cytokine secretion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon DNA damage, RIPK1 mediates another NF-kB activation pathway where two simultaneous and exclusive processes occur. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results reveal that ciliary HH signaling mediates communication between the prechordal plate and the neurectoderm to provide cellular survival cues essential for development of the facial midline. (elifesciences.org)
  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor and, remains one of the most lethal cancers, with a median survival of only 15 months upon diagnosis 1 . (nature.com)
  • Aberrations of this molecular pathway such as over-expression of IGF-1R, or elevated plasma levels of IGF1, or genetic polymorphisms of the gene encoding IGF1 have been found in association with a variety of cancers including sarcoma. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • Our laboratory focusses on how WNT5A expression is regulated in these cancers and deciphering the WNT5A signaling pathways governing cancer cell migration and invasion. (lu.se)
  • Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are upregulated to stimulate angiogenesis, while downregulation of endogenous protein inhibitors (thrombospondin 1 and interferon) disrupts the balance of physiologic angiogenesis. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Tas13D inhibits growth of SMMC-7721 cell via suppression VEGF and EGF expression. (rain-tree.com)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered by cells overexpressing DEFB1 , suggesting that this may be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary barriers for invading respiratory pathogens are the airway epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and antimicrobial peptides produced by these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • A novel taspine analog, HMQ1611, inhibits growth of non-small cell lung cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis. (rain-tree.com)
  • Antitumor activity of taspine by modulating the EGFR signaling pathway of Erk1/2 and Akt in vitro and in vivo . (rain-tree.com)
  • To enhance the benefit of TMZ and avoid therapeutic resistance, effective combination strategies were tested using a small molecule inhibitor blocking the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in addition to TMZ. (nature.com)
  • Hedgehog-mediated transcription, as indicated by a reporter of GLI-dependent promoter activity and by expression of GLI1 transcripts, was reduced by the hedgehog pathway inhibitor cyclopamine in both MDA-MB-435 cancer epithelial cells and MCF10AT epithelial cells, a cell line derived from benign breast. (rti.org)
  • Three models of hepatocyte cell death were studied: glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA)-induced cell death as a model for bile acid toxicity, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)/ actinomycin D (ActD, an inhibitor of transcription) as a model for cytokine-induced toxicity and menadione-induced cell death (menadione is a superoxide anion donor) as a model for oxidative stress-induced toxicity. (rug.nl)
  • Identification of a novel topoisomerase inhibitor effective in cells overexpressing drug efflux transporters. (rain-tree.com)
  • Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, did not alter Cd-induced cytotoxicity indicating that J774A.1 cell death by Cd is independent of de novo protein synthesis including p53. (cdc.gov)
  • Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is a crucial downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, has also been demonstrated to be involved in the EMT process ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
  • After therapy, the incidence of pleomorphic adenomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas is increased. (medscape.com)
  • Tobacco and alcohol, which are highly associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, have not been shown to play a role in the development of malignancies of the salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • It has been shown that cell survival can be regulated through different RIPK1-mediated pathways that ultimately result in the expression of NF-kB, a protein complex known to regulate transcription of DNA and thus, related to survival processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
  • Protein collected from cells infected or uninfected using RIPA lysis buffer. (cdc.gov)
  • Dabrafenib blocks the BRAF protein, and trametinib inhibits MEK, a molecule that is in the same cell signaling pathway as BRAF. (cancer.gov)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • In this paper we found that if we introduced a synthetic "fusion" protein into PSC, we could produce significantly more red cells in culture and that those cells were also more mature. (ca.gov)
  • We also found that the synthetic protein acts to increase red cell production independently of the well known growth factor erythropoietin. (ca.gov)
  • It transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding to the vitamin K-dependent protein growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 17 , 18 ] TCF7L2 protein is increased during adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in primary adipocyte stem cells. (medscape.com)
  • These include members of the Bcl-2 protein family, course, and extent of programmed cell death will aid man- which have both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic activity agement of patients with severe infections. (cdc.gov)
  • For example, in breast cancer loss of WNT5A protein is associated with poor survival. (lu.se)
  • Overexpression of miR‑30a‑5p enhanced the effects of curcumol on cell invasion and migration, and the Hippo signaling pathway in CRC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Through simulations, Chifman and her collaborators found that overexpression of Ras, a central species in the oncogenic pathway, led to a cancer phenotype in the iron homeostasis pathway. (american.edu)
  • Because overexpression of IGF-1R has been identified in several tumor types and because of its role in cellular metabolism, which potentially has relevance to the survival of malignant cells, IGF-1R has become a target for anticancer therapy. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • It has been reported that numerous miRNAs, including the miR-30 family, serve important roles in the regulation of cancer cell migration and invasion ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The intermediate domain is important for NF-kB activation and (RHIM)-dependent signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The best well-known pathway of NF-kB activation is that mediated by the death receptor TNFR1, which starts as in the necroptosis pathway with the assembly of TRADD, RIPK1, TRAF2 and clAP1 in the lipid rafts of the plasma membrane (complex I is formed). (wikipedia.org)
  • As early in development as the end of gastrulation, Tctn2 mutants displayed reduced activation of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway in the prechordal plate, the head organizer. (elifesciences.org)
  • This prechordal plate defect preceded a reduction of HH pathway activation and Shh expression in the adjacent neurectoderm. (elifesciences.org)
  • In these mutants, the prechordal plate, an organizer of anterior head development, displayed defects in HH pathway activation at E8.0. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent studies have revealed that AXL contributes to leukaemic phenotypes through activation of oncogenic signalling pathways that lead to increased cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
  • Instead, the increase in ERK activation in cells treated with Cd may reflect a stress response. (cdc.gov)
  • Pretreatment with PD98059 increased Cd-induced cytotoxicity suggesting that ERK activation may be a survival response in the present cell system. (cdc.gov)
  • The patient ultimately died of multiple organ failure and achieved 12 months of overall survival. (karger.com)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer is regarded as the most aggressive breast malignancy, which contributes to worse disease-free survival and overall survival. (karger.com)
  • Our results may explain the benefits observed in epidemiological studies showing a significant increase of overall survival in abstinent compared with non-abstinent patients. (springer.com)
  • Alcohol-related HCC is diagnosed outside surveillance leading to a worse diagnostic and overall survival than other etiologies [ 14 ]. (springer.com)
  • The overall survival advantage bevacizumab confers in advanced cervical cancer prompted a paradigm shift in the standard of care for this disease. (cancernetwork.com)
  • In August 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved bevacizumab for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer, the first gynecologic cancer for which an anti-angiogenic agent has demonstrated an advantage in overall survival (OS). (cancernetwork.com)
  • In addition, the progression free and overall survival of patients with wild-type GIST is reduced compared to that of patients with KIT exon 11-mutant GIST. (liferaftgroup.org)
  • Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of CD44 isoform expression data divided tumors into four main clusters, which showed significant correlations to molecular subtypes and differences in 10-year overall survival. (lu.se)
  • The progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient levels of insulin to meet the metabolic demand. (jci.org)
  • CAE in Huh-7 cells selectively activated ERK1/2 and inhibited GSK3β signaling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Assistant Professor of Mathematics and Statistics Julia Chifman and her collaborators built a predictive mathematical model that connects four key cytosolic cellular signaling pathways in breast epithelial cells: the oncogenic pathway, the oxidative stress response pathway, the iron utilization pathway, and the iron homeostasis pathway. (american.edu)
  • This review focuses on the effects of oxidative stress and the role of a particular antioxidant system-the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway-on ocular diseases, specifically age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. (hindawi.com)
  • It puts in place a sequence of events that ultimately protect the cell from oxidative injury. (hindawi.com)
  • CAE induced a dose-dependent increase in cell migration and invasion and also in the expression of cancer stem cells markers (CD133, CD44, CD90). (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that dysregulation of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway is associated with EMT and cancer progression mainly driven by YAP ( 12 , 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These results suggest that the slow progression and lack of full-fledged Alzheimer's disease pathology in the hippocampal neurons of APP Sw mice result from the genetic reprogramming of neural cells to cope with increased levels of Aβ. (jneurosci.org)
  • Progression-free survival (PFS) for first-line chemotherapy was 7 months. (karger.com)
  • The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
  • Vidas Yadav will investigate the importance of WNT5A signaling in tumor progression. (lu.se)
  • Njainday's research focuses on WNT5A, and its role in tumour cell progression and plasticity. (lu.se)
  • Previous cell line laboratory studies have shown that beta-blockers work against various types of cancer because high levels of stress hormones in the tumour increase cell proliferation and migration (the movement of cells to other locations). (ecancer.org)
  • In particular, the interchangeable modes of migration tumour cells utilise during invasion and the factors involved. (lu.se)
  • 1%. However, outcomes have improved because of the identification of certain mutations that can be targeted for therapy, and current 5-year survival rates are 19% (23% for women and 16% for men). (msdmanuals.com)
  • In vitro results showed that irisin increased both cell proliferation and colony numbers of HPSC. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, the effects of extracellular ENO1 on glycolysis and other related pro-cancer activities were investigated in multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results demonstrate modulation of GLI-mediated transcription in both cancer and benign-derived epithelial cells by cyclopamine and sonic hedgehog, and further suggest that hedgehog signaling contributes to the survival of only the cancer epithelial cells. (rti.org)
  • Using real-time, quantitative PCR, laser capture microdissection, and immunohistochemistry, distinctive patterns of expression of the hedgehog pathway members patched 1 (PTCH1), smoothened, GLI1, GLI2 and the 3 hedgehog ligands were identified for epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts in benign breast and breast cancer. (rti.org)
  • Hedgehog ligands were expressed at higher levels in some cancer epithelial cell lines compared to noncancerous epithelial cells. (rti.org)
  • Determination as to whether the increase in GLI1 and SHH expression in breast cancer indicates a significant increase in hedgehog signaling will require further evaluation. (rti.org)
  • Mali showed that p-STAT3 was positively expressed in OSCC cell lines [ 15 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that β-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, SCARA5 repressed OSCC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), evidenced by increased E-cadherin expression and reduced N-cadherin expression. (degruyter.com)
  • Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium. (neurotree.org)
  • The CD44 cell adhesion molecule is aberrantly expressed in many breast tumors and has been implicated in the metastatic process as well as in the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment. (lu.se)
  • However, dysregulations of these signalling pathways are also causes for pathophysiological processes and diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • Therefore, authors are invited to submit original research and review articles which address the progress and current standing of cellular signalling processes. (mdpi.com)
  • A recent study has identified the molecular pathway that, when activated, prompts hair growth from dormant hair follicles and, when blocked, prevents the growth of unwanted hair. (medicaldaily.com)
  • namely, defects in the oncogenic pathway are noted to induce modifications in cellular iron homeostasis. (american.edu)
  • The goal of the present study was to investigate the potential of ic-MPL dimerization to induce erythropoiesis from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and to identify the signaling pathways activated by this strategy. (ca.gov)
  • The death domain is homologous to the DD of other receptors such as Fas, TRAILR2 (DR5), TNFR1 and TRAILR1 (DR4), so it can bind to these receptors, as well as TRADD and FADD in the TNFR1 signalling complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell survival signalling can also be mediated by TLR-3 (toll-like receptors) and TLR-4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • WNT5A belongs to the non-transforming class of WNTs, and upon binding to different receptors or co-receptor complexes (Frizzled, RYK, ROR1/2, LRP5/6 and CD146), it elicits non-canonical (β-catenin-independent) signaling. (lu.se)
  • The major alcohol metabolism pathway is through oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (springer.com)
  • Specific nodes in the pathway that are therapeutically actionable are noted. (mycancergenome.org)