Cell senescence without apoptosis apoptotic cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cellular senescence is a multifaceted process that arrests the proliferation of cells that are at risk of neoplastic transformation. (nature.com)
Cancer is the collective name for the group of diseases that results from aberrant cell growth and proliferation. (5dok.net)
These molecules are able to oxidize cellular macromolecules and DNA, potentially resulting in damage and mutations to proteins and genes that usually manage cell growth, proliferation or apoptosis. (5dok.net)
Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. (biomedcentral.com)
MTA thereby interferes with the proliferation and survival of replicating cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Learn about the assays used to assess cell proliferation and the cell cycle. (abcam.com)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
The oncoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) promotes cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and therapeutic resistance in many types of cancer. (villajoyosacf.info)
Notably, many lncRNAs dysregulation are associated with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affect various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including proliferation, survival, migration or genomic stability. (biomedcentral.com)

Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
Two powerful tumour suppressor pathways, controlled by the p53 and retinoblastoma (pRB) proteins, are important for establishing and maintaining the senescence growth arrest. (nature.com)
These pathways respond to somewhat different stimuli but interact and cooperate to control the senescence response. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Senescence controlled by the p53 and p16-pRB pathways. (nature.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
These pathways link RASSF proteins into the control of motility, genetic stability, apoptosis, the cell cycle, regulation of protein stability, senescence and DNA repair. (louisville.edu)
Phospho-site-specific analyses revealed that pro-apoptotic information elicited by Myc β-catenin and other mitotic pathways early in G1 are absorbed and balanced by anti-apoptotic signaling from AKT and NFκB in Dicer1-competent cells. (careersfromscience.org)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
Therefore, many genetically programmed cell suicide pathways have evolved to promote long-term survival of species from yeast to humans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
It promotes the loss of cancer cell viability and supports autophagy (cellular recycling of discarded parts) through several pathways including those linked to mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Calyeca J , Balderas-Martínez YI , Selman M , Pardo A , . Transcriptomic profile of the mice aging lung is associated with inflammation and apoptosis as important pathways. (aging-us.com)
Functional pathway enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in aged mice lungs are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, senescence, development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. (aging-us.com)
Using the miRNet database we identified TNFα, mTOR, TGFβ, WNT, FoxO, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways as the potential targets of several of the dysregulated miRNAs supporting that old lungs have increased susceptibility for apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. (aging-us.com)
The 'cancer platform' concept proposes that most oncogenic molecules also have the inherent ability to activate tumor suppressor genes or pathways through oncogene-induced apoptosis or senescence, thus limiting their oncogenic effects in a homeostatic fashion. (biomedcentral.com)
Oncogene activation is therefore generally only tumorigenic when it is coupled with inactivation or inhibition of oncogene-induced pro-apoptotic or senescence pathways [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The specific effects that lead to inactivation of these pro-apoptotic or senescence pathways may impinge on major known tumor suppressors such as p53, but may also be due to effects on other genes and molecules within the p53 or other tumor suppressor pathways [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Because the effect of haploinsufficiency for one protein is relatively small, we hypothesize that predisposition to cancer could be a result of the additive effect of heterozygosity for two or more genes, critical for pathways that control DNA damage signaling, repair or apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
It has been hypothesized that inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor facilitates K-RAS-mediated transformation by uncoupling it from apoptotic pathways such as the Hippo pathway. (cancerindex.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. (biomedcentral.com)
This results in decreased anti-apoptotic activity. (smpdb.ca)
The absence of regulatory miRNAs however led to a substantial delay of anti-apoptotic signaling leaving pro-apoptotic stress unbalanced in Dicer1-deprived cells. (careersfromscience.org)
We here show that this temporal separation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by inhibition of Dicer1 is synergistic and synthetic lethal to low-dose 5-FU chemotherapy in p53-mutated HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)
We have shown that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins can be converted into killer molecules (Science 278:1966-8, 1997), that Bcl-2 family proteins interact with regulators of caspases and regulators of cell cycle check point activation (Molecular Cell 6:31-40, 2000). (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
Proliferating cells can initiate an additional response by adopting a state of permanent cell-cycle arrest that is termed cellular senescence. (nature.com)
The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. (cubebiosystems.com)
induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (cubebiosystems.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor and transcription factor that responds to cellular stress by activating the transcription of numerous genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA repair. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
In support of this concept, some p53 WT tumors appear to exhibit reduced apoptotic capacity, although their capacity to undergo cell cycle arrest remains intact. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor that has a central role in regulating cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. (novusbio.com)
Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we have examined the putative role of HSP70-2 in apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in-vitro and in-vivo xenograft mouse model using gene silencing approach. (biomedcentral.com)
The DDR brings about temporal cell cycle arrest, when the degree of DNA harm is low, Docetaxel Microtubule Formation inhibitor so the cell can restore it. (smadsignaling.com)
Alternatively, the cells enter permanent cell cycle arrest, named senescence. (smadsignaling.com)
The mechanism of vincristine is the inhibition of microtubule dynamics that would cause mitotic arrest and eventual cell death. (smpdb.ca)
Progression from metaphase to anaphase is blocked and cells enter a state of mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
Another possibility is cell death during mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Employing a cell cycle-wide phospho-proteomic approach we detected neglectable changes in abundance and schedule of overall and cell cycle periodic protein expression despite cell cycle arrest of Dicer1-depleted cells. (careersfromscience.org)
Keywords: Dicer p21 cell cycle apoptosis HACAT miRNA signaling pathway p53 5 Introduction p53 is a versatile transcription factor which integrates information from unbalanced mitotic oncogenic or metabolic stress into graded cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest senescence DNA repair block of angiogenesis or apoptosis. (careersfromscience.org)
In line with previous reports from other cellular systems we observed a profound G1/S arrest in Dicer1 deficient HACAT cells as compared with wild-type (wt) PD173955 cells treated with non-target siRNA (Fig.?1A). (careersfromscience.org)
Dicer1 depletion causes cell cycle arrest and restoration of p21CIP in HACAT cells. (careersfromscience.org)
The tumor suppressor gene p53 regulates cell cycle arrest to allow time for DNA repair. (villajoyosacf.info)
Conversely, intact damage can lead to transcription and replication arrest, leading to cell death and senescence (Hoeijmakers, 2009). (villajoyosacf.info)

Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (cubebiosystems.com)
The t(1;3) breakpoint-spanning genes LSAMP and NORE1 are involved in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. (louisville.edu)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
These findings reveal differential expression profiles of genes and miRNAs affecting cell survival and the inflammatory response during lung aging. (aging-us.com)
utilizes a combination of high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization, short hairpin RNA inhibition of target genes at the locations of focal genomic deletions, and a primed cell mosaic mouse model to identify novel tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
likely involving the transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic genes and their interaction with other proteins. (molcells.org)

Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)
Vinca alkaloids are also thought to increase apoptosis by increasing concentrations of p53 (cellular tumor antigen p53) and p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1) and by inhibiting Bcl-2 activity. (smpdb.ca)
We studied whether cellular senescence induced by HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1a+cHa-Ras -transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (ERas) and A549 human Ki-Ras mutated lung adenocarcinoma cells would enhance the tumor suppressor effect of MEK/ERK inhibition. (aging-us.com)
However, the activation of AMPK-dependent autophagy overcomes pro-apoptotic effects of MEK/ERK inhibitor and results in restoration of the mitochondria and rescue of viability. (aging-us.com)
however, AREG has dual functions as a cell growth inhibitor as well as a cell growth proliferator. (samplefellow.com)

In response to severe DNA damage, cells undergo apoptosis to prevent transformation into over here tumour cells. (smadsignaling.com)
The cells may then undergo one of several fates. (smpdb.ca)
The tetraploid cell may undergo unequal cell division producing aneuploid daughter cells. (smpdb.ca)
These cells may continue progressing through the cell cycle as tetraploid cells (Adaptation I), may exit G1 phase and undergo apoptosis or senescence (Adaption II), or may escape to G1 and undergo apoptosis during interphase (Adaptation III). (smpdb.ca)
Telomerase is required for cells that undergo many rounds of divisions, especially tumor cells and some stem cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The p53 gene determines whether a cell should survive a damage or should undergo apoptosis. (samplefellow.com)

Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
In addition to its role as a transcription factor, p53 functions in the cytoplasm to regulate the activity of apoptotic pathway proteins such as BAX, BAK , and BCL-2 (2). (novusbio.com)
Although the mechanisms are still unclear, p53 is thought to regulate these apoptotic proteins through direct interaction (2). (novusbio.com)
Based on observations that in addition to driving growth and transformation, activated K-Ras was also powerfully pro-apoptotic, we used an in silico approach to identify potential novel Ras binding proteins that might mediate the growth inhibitory properties of Ras. (louisville.edu)
mRNA and protein expression comparison We calculated the fold transform in level of mRNAs and proteins transcripts in CD30hi cells in comparison to CD30lo cells in semi quantitative method. (smadsignaling.com)
Of particular interest to our group are the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins and other factors regulate programmed cell death, particularly in the nervous system, in cancer and in virus infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We have reported that many insults can trigger cells to activate a cellular death pathway (Nature, 361:739-742, 1993), that several viruses encode proteins to block attempted cell suicide (Proc. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were also used to determine apoptosis and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, C3G regulated the intrinsic apoptotic pathway-associated proteins, such as proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase-3. (spandidos-publications.com)
To address this issue, primary mouse cells, haploinsufficient for one or two proteins, ATM and RAD9, related to the cellular response to DNA damage were examined. (aacrjournals.org)
The results show that cells having low levels of both ATM and RAD9 proteins are more sensitive to transformation by radiation, have different DNA double-strand break repair dynamics and are less apoptotic when compared with wild-type controls or those cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
Our conclusions are that under stress conditions, the efficiency and capacity for DNA repair mediated by the ATM/RAD9 cell signaling network depend on the abundance of both proteins and that, in general, DNA repair network efficiencies are genotype-dependent and can vary within a specific range. (aacrjournals.org)
Another conclusion from most of the cases is that animals or cells haploinsufficient for the specified proteins have higher transformation rates after DNA damage is induced, but when their DNA is not significantly damaged by exogenous sources, tumor development rates are the same as for their wild-type counterparts. (aacrjournals.org)

In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
The MIN6 pancreatic β-cells were used to investigate the cytoprotective effects of C3G on the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, our results suggest that C3G isolated from mulberry fruit has potential for use as a phytotherapeutic agent for the prevention of diabetes by preventing oxidative stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, the excessive generation of ROS, such as super oxide anions (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) due to environmental stress results in significant oxidative damage to cell structures, such as DNA, the mitochondria and cell membranes ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidants present in natural products protect cells by reducing H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo ( 5 - 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)

Figure 5: Potential deleterious effects of senescent cells. (nature.com)
Senescent cells elicit their fibrogenic actions primarily by secreting an assortment of inflammatory and profibrotic factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (frontiersin.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options of targeting senescent cells for the treatment of CKD. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options for targeting senescent cells in developing therapeutics for CKD patients. (frontiersin.org)
Senescent ERas cells do not develop cytoprotective autophagy upon inhibition of MEK/ERK pathway due to spatial dissociation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in the senescent cells. (aging-us.com)
Senescent cells are unable to form the autophagolysosomes and to remove the damaged mitochondria resulting in apoptotic death. (aging-us.com)
Our data show that suppression of MEK/ERK pathway in senescent cells provides a new strategy for elimination of Ras-expressing cells. (aging-us.com)
Cells become senescent as we age. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Instead of dying off as normal cells do, senescent cells persist, but they do change shape and size. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
As they do so, they secrete inflammatory molecules that cause nearby cells to become senescent also. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Senolytic agents are used to induce the death of senescent cells. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
On the other hand, by removing senescent cells, "age-related dysfunction can be attenuated and potentially extend lifespan. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Two schools of thought exist, one states that SK develops from an accumulation of senescent cells, whereas the other states that cells hyperproliferate. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)

Detect the early stages of apoptosis with a simple staining procedure in only 10 minutes. (abcam.com)
However, there are few reports on the possible role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in early stages of apoptosis. (molcells.org)

We hypothesized that prolonged pretreatment with pemetrexed could be beneficial, as prior depletion of nucleotide pools could sensitize cancer cells to subsequent treatment with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
This finding is of utmost importance since p53 is known to be key for p21 expression.2 The results reported here suggest that depletion of Dicer1 restores p21 expression in p53-mutated cells and that miRNA critically contributes to cell cycle regulation at least in part through intervening with the cyclin/CDK system and its inhibitors. (careersfromscience.org)
Depletion of intracellular zinc by N,N,N′,N′ -tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN) induces p53-mediated protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis of mouse cortical neurons. (molcells.org)
Here, we examined the requirement for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 as an upstream regulator of p53 in zinc depletion-induced neuronal apoptosis. (molcells.org)

Current evidence therefore suggests that MAP4K4 has a modulating effect on p53 induced apoptosis in the JNK signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)

In this area, our recent research has included studying cutaneous shave biopsies for diagnosing primary colonic adenocarcinoma as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in human brain tumor cell lines using selenium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Treatment of CRC cells with MS-444 resulted in growth inhibition and increased apoptotic gene expression, while similar treatment doses in non-transformed intestinal cells had no appreciable effects. (oncotarget.com)
First, we found that chemical inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP-1 markedly attenuated TPEN-induced apoptosis of cultured mouse cortical neurons. (molcells.org)

Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
HSP70-2 expression was examined in 154 tumor and 103 adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) specimens and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT-474, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell cycle distribution and phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX as a surrogate marker for DNA damage was quantified by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
After irradiation, we performed cell counting, MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle, immunocytofluorescence of γ-H2AX and Hoechst 33258, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay to identify differential effects. (bioone.org)

Interestingly, a cell population was identified that displayed an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and which had a stem cell phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
According to recent data, Ras-transformed cells require autophagy to survive and maintain malignant phenotype [ 5 - 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can be induced by telomere dysfunction. (oaepublish.com)

When expressed, the cell cycle is halted in the G1 phase and can induce senescence or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Studies have shown that the elusive molecular mechanism of Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 induce apoptosis in the tumor cells, which makes the molecular mechanism a potential target for cancer therapy. (samplefellow.com)

References 2 and 3 describe the characteristics of cancer cells and the importance of mutations in cancer development. (nature.com)
However in all cases for cancer to develop, the cells have to acquire mutations that allow growth--‐regulation bypass and apoptosis evasion, both of which are normally under strict supervision. (5dok.net)

Although localized disease can be treated by surgery alone, the standard therapy for patients with metastatic disease usually comprises intensive induction chemotherapy, local surgery and myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant, external radiotherapy and retinoic acid treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. (cubebiosystems.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Cell growth and colony formation as well as senescence induction were quantified after treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Lab studies have also demonstrated that quercetin is a strong antioxidant and supports cellular apoptosis (programmed cell death) effects on tumor cells. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
Loss of telomeres typically triggers cellular apoptosis in the process referred to as telomeric crisis. (biomedcentral.com)

Learn about cell viability assays. (abcam.com)
The lab also is using the telomerase null mice to explore the essential role of telomerase stem cell viability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and lipid peroxidation was assayed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)

regardless, cancer cells regulate their ROS levels rigorously as high levels may also be toxic to them. (5dok.net)
p53 can control diverse transcriptional programs to regulate senescence and cell death programs as well as cellular metabolism (2). (novusbio.com)
They regulate 60% of all known human mRNAs and play key roles in cell physiology differentiation and carcinogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
Interestingly, cell death regulators also regulate many other cellular processes prior to a death stimulus, including neuronal activity, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
However, to regulate miRNA expression for apoptosis, AREG needs to be localized in the nuclear membrane. (samplefellow.com)

Finally, the authors had to establish that AREG regulates the miRNA processing, which leads to apoptosis. (samplefellow.com)
Expression levels of the transfected cells with relevant constructs proved that AREG regulates miRNA expression and its biogenesis (Taira et al. (samplefellow.com)
The paper talks about the role of Ser46 phosphorylated p53 in inducing apoptosis by up-regulating AREG expression, which in turn regulates the biogenesis of apoptosis-inducing miRNA. (samplefellow.com)

Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified the RASSF1 gene and showed that its protein served as a K-Ras apoptotic effector that was frequently down-regulated in primary tumors. (louisville.edu)
for proteomics data, fold change was calculated by taking the ratio of imply sum of XCorr of that protein in CD30hi to CD30lo cells. (smadsignaling.com)
p53 arrests cells during G1 progression and G1/S transit by inducing the CDK-inhibitory protein p21CIP1 and microRNA cluster miR-34a. (careersfromscience.org)
Tumor protein p53, a nuclear protein, plays an essential role in the regulation of cell cycle, specifically in the transition from G0 to G1. (affbiotech.cn)

There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
Treatment of control ERas cells with PD0325901 for 24 h results in mitochondria damage and apoptotic death of a part of cellular population. (aging-us.com)

The phosphorylation dephosphor ylation cycles adhere to from the M2K and MK layers along with the cascade delivers its ultimate output MK. (smadsignaling.com)

Telomeric DNA damage-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species production are hallmarks of premature senescence. (oaepublish.com)

The activation of the JNK signal transduction pathway by MAP4K4 has been implicated in apoptotic regulation of many different cell types, tumorigenesis and/or inflammation. (wikipedia.org)

Stem cells derived from human dental tissues with properties of self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and immunomodulation have been intensively investigated for stem cell-based regenerative medicine [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
Like cell division and differentiation, cell death is also critical for normal development and maintenance of healthy tissues. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

In addition, a subpopulation of therapy resistant cells with EMT and cancer stem cell features was identified that was resistant to the standard treatment regimen but sensitive to pemetrexed pretreatment combined with cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) show mesenchymal stem cell properties with the potential for alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Stem cell properties can be impaired by reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompting us to examine the importance of scavenging ROS for stem cell-based tissue regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
other concentrations were also beneficial for maintaining stem cell properties. (biomedcentral.com)
The proper concentration of NAC enhances DFSC properties, especially osteogenesis, via PI3K/AKT/ROS signaling, and offers clinical potential for stem cell-based alveolar bone regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Since human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-platelet products can be supplied independently from the donor, it is expected to complement current platelet products. (biomedcentral.com)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)
People with this disease die of bone marrow failure, likely due to stem cell loss. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
6 Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center of Houston, TX 77030, USA. (oaepublish.com)
Growing evidence demonstrates that various cancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, and surgery [ 3 - 5 ] , cause premature senescence, as reviewed elsewhere [ 6 - 8 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Many stimuli elicit a senescence response. (nature.com)

Understanding the causes and consequences of cellular senescence has provided novel insights into how cells react to stress, especially genotoxic stress, and how this cellular response can affect complex organismal processes such as the development of cancer and ageing. (nature.com)
Cancer is the result of aberrant regulation of growth and death in cells. (5dok.net)
Cancer cells are known to exhibit significantly elevated ROS levels. (5dok.net)
the prodrug approach may be truly selective because it requires the aberrant high ROS levels in cancer cells to activate it. (5dok.net)
HSP70-2 expression was also observed in all breast cancer cells (BT-474, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) used in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
We also report that HSP70-2 plays an important role in cellular growth, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells and tumor growth of breast cancer xenograft. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85 % of all lung cancers, with the current standard regimen of care for NSCLC including chemotherapy with pemetrexed as a single agent or in combination with platinum-based agents, e.g. cisplatin. (biomedcentral.com)
Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)
Cancer cells exploit a variety of protective mechanisms that allow them to acquire selective advantage and proliferate under unfavorable conditions. (aging-us.com)
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) plays an important role in cancer cells survival upon various conditions of intra- and extracellular stress. (aging-us.com)
Despite a large number of promising inhibitors for Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, recent works show that cancer cells often develop an autophagy-dependent resistance to inhibitors of Ras pathway [ 16 ]. (aging-us.com)
One of the mechanisms of high basal autophagy activity in cancer Ras-expressing cells might be associated with high PP2A phosphatase activity targeting directly ULK1-Ser757 that could explain apparent contradiction: maintenance of high mTORC1 functions and high autophagic activity simultaneously [ 22 ]. (aging-us.com)
Insufficient cell death underlies human cancer and autoimmune disease, while excessive cell death underlies human neurological disorders and aging. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
For this study, two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with different α/β values were chosen: A549 (α/β = 12.4) and H460 (α/β = 2.95). (bioone.org)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
Numerous studies have revealed the critical role of premature senescence induced by various cancer treatment modalities in the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases. (oaepublish.com)
Metformin (MTF) has been reported to target NLK (Nemo-like kinase) to inhibit non-small lung cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)
Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
99:209 -215.doi:10.1007/s11060 - 010 - 0129 -5 cell carcinoma-a population-based study in with and without cervical cancer in Tbilisi, Georgia. (who.int)

In the later generations, when telomeres are short, cells die via apoptosis or senescence. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

In this review, we summarize the evidence linking cellular senescence to the pathogenesis of CKD and discuss current understanding of the mechanism and regulators controlling senescence. (frontiersin.org)

Importantly, MS-444 was well tolerated and inhibited xenograft CRC tumor growth through enhanced apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis upon intraperitoneal administration. (oncotarget.com)

Unlike normal cells, which have infrequent cause for p53 activation, tumor cells are under constant cellular stress from various insults including hypoxia and pro-apoptotic oncogene activation. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)

The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)

In presence of DNA damage, the tumour suppressor p53 plays a crucial purpose inside the selection among survival and death of your cell. (smadsignaling.com)
The PD173955 mechanisms however by which miRNAs interfere with cell survival and programmed cell death in transformed cells are still obscure. (careersfromscience.org)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
However, it is unclear why a Ser46 phosphorylated p53 favors apoptosis over survival (Feng et al. (samplefellow.com)
P53 deficiency results in reduced repair activity and decreased cell survival after UV-induced DNA damage, suggesting the involvement of p53 in nucleotide excision repair (NER) (Smith et al. (villajoyosacf.info)

Our results revealed that H2O2 increased the rate of apoptosis by stimulating various pro-apoptotic processes, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common solid tumors of childhood, arising from immature sympathetic nervous system cells. (biomedcentral.com)
NBs belong to the subgroup of small round blue cell tumors and can often pose a challenge to the pathologist because of their similarities with lymphomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, the Ewing family of tumors and desmoplastic round cell tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

Gene expression profile was assessed using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. (bvsalud.org)
The diverse cell types are genetically identical, but differ in their form and function due to differences in gene expression. (edu.au)
Cellular senescence is a dynamic and multi-step process that is associated with alterations in metabolic activity and gene expression. (angiesoptiongrm.org)
The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is activated whenever a cell is subjected to cell damage. (samplefellow.com)
Indeed, in a clone of cells, only one of the alleles is expressed, because the same X chromosome is inactivated by lyonisation{Allen, 1992}, in a clone, whereas in normal {Nakamura, 2001} skin (polyclonal), the inactivated HUMARA gene allele isn't always on the same X chromosome. (globale-dermatologie.com)

The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Bowen, 2004} to detect apoptosis in fixed tissues, but no statistically significant results between SKs and normal skin samples were shown. (globale-dermatologie.com)

Consequently we screened for expression of CDK inhibitors and found substantial upregulation of p21CIP1 in Dicer1-disrupted cells but not in Dicer1-competent (non-target siRNA) controls (Fig.?1B). (careersfromscience.org)

LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (cubebiosystems.com)

In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
the process of apoptosis and necrosis. (who.int)

Campisi, J. Cellular senescence as a tumor-suppressor mechanism. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role and mechanism of cellular senescence in kidney fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)

Review our assay kits for the study of apoptosis. (abcam.com)

A) HACAT cells were transiently transfected with Dicer1 siRNA (50 nM) or non-target control siRNA synchronized in serum-free medium for 48 h and harvested … Both p53 and miRNAs feed into the cyclin/CDK-driven cell cycle clock. (careersfromscience.org)

Cell 100 , 57-70 (2000). (nature.com)

These insults result in repeated cycles of hepatocyte injury, death and repair that eventually lead to the premature senescence of the liver [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

I am especially interested in the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this process. (essex.ac.uk)

There is also mounting evidence that cellular senescence contributes to ageing. (nature.com)
Results and Discussion To study the impact and extent to which miRNA contributes to cell cycle progression in transformed phenotypes we here employed the p53-mutated human keratinocyte cell line (HACAT) and RNA interference (siRNA) techniques. (careersfromscience.org)

An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)

Among these unconventional activities, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, termed ferroptosis, attracts great interest. (nature.com)
Cells continually experience stress and damage from exogenous and endogenous sources, and their responses range from complete recovery to cell death. (nature.com)
Alternatively, mitotic catastrophe may occur and cause cell death. (smpdb.ca)
The term anti-cell death is used extensively to describe the observed instances of death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)
There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)
Since this discovery, the field of plant programmed cell death has continued to grow, with maturity depicted in studies aimed at distinguishing the roles of plant cell deaths in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Cell death refers to a series of events that culminate in the organized and controlled destruction of the cell. (essaywriter.org)
In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)
The successful strategy based on the activation of cell death in Ras-expressing cells is associated with the suppression of kinases involved in Ras pathway. (aging-us.com)
Apoptosis and other forms of cell death are required for trimming excess, expired and damaged cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Defective cell death programs cause disease states. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
However, C3G reduced the H2O2-induced cell death in the MIN6N pancreatic β-cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Given that autophagy is initiated upon suppressed mTORC1 activity, a protective autophagy in Ras-transformed cells with a high level of mTORC1 activity appears to be mTORC1-independent [ 20 , 21 ]. (aging-us.com)

There is now substantial evidence that cellular senescence is a barrier to malignant tumorigenesis in vivo . (nature.com)

While developmental senescence and acute senescence may positively contribute to the fine-tuning of embryogenesis and injury repair, chronic senescence, when unresolved promptly, plays a crucial role in kidney fibrogenesis and CKD progression. (frontiersin.org)

Hayflick, L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. (nature.com)
We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)

Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (cubebiosystems.com)
To investigate whether the delayed cell cycle progression observed in Dicer1-depleted cells can be attributed to restored p21CIP1 function we. (careersfromscience.org)

Specifically, cancerous cells are characterized by an enhanced rate of growth, loss of function and the potential to invade healthy tissue. (5dok.net)
A paper published in Nutrition Research in August 2022 analyzed the senolytic/apoptotic effect on aging and cancerous cells. (angiesoptiongrm.org)

Taken together, these findings indicate that PARP-1 is essential for TPEN-induced neuronal apoptosis. (molcells.org)

AREG binds to the EGF receptor present on the plasma membrane to promote growth but also promotes apoptosis by regulating miRNA. (samplefellow.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms9

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes73

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proliferation11

Pathways20

Anti-apoptotic5

Arrest25

Genes9

Inhibitor5

Undergo6

Proteins13

Oxidative6

Senescent15

Early stages of apoptosis2

Depletion4

Signaling pathway1

Inhibition3

Flow cytometry4

Phenotype3

Induce3

Mutations2

Induction4

Cellular apoptosis2

Viability4

Regulate5

Regulates3

Protein5

Mitochondria2

Phosphorylation1

Mitochondrial dysfunction1

Inflammation1

Differentiation3

Stem cell10

Stimuli1

Cancer22

Telomeres1

Pathogenesis1

Angiogenesis1

Unlike2

Oncogene activation1

Survival5

Fragmentation1

Tumors2

Gene5

Tissues2

Inhibitors1

Transcriptional repression1

Necrosis4

Mechanism3

Assay1

Cyclin1

20001

Premature1

Mesenchymal1

Contributes2

Squamous cell carc2

Death17

Autophagy1

Tumorigenesis1

Repair1

Vitro2

Progression2

Cancerous cells2

Neuronal1

MiRNA1