Cell replication cell division. Medical search. Frequent questions

Each time a cell divides, the cell needs to copy its DNA. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Each time a cell divides, the two resulting daughter cells must contain exactly the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell. (nature.com)

Taken together, our study establishes crucial roles for the AtASF1A and AtASF1B genes in chromatin replication, maintenance of genome integrity and cell proliferation during plant development. (nih.gov)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
Melphalan inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by damaging DNA and interfering with its replication. (aacr.org)
TRAIP's previously discovered roles include stimulating cell proliferation and regulating the spindle assembly checkpoint. (rupress.org)
The errors disrupt other genes involved in important cellular processes, such as controlling cell growth and division (proliferation). (medlineplus.gov)
As we speak, hundreds and maybe thousands of researchers use EdU to study DNA replication and cell proliferation in lab experiments without knowing that human cells detect it as DNA damage," Sancar said. (newswise.com)
Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
10. Alters cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply nomes with high accuracy. (who.int)

The ends of linear chromosomes, called telomeres , present additional challenges during replication, especially for the lagging strand, due to the obligatory asymmetry. (stemcellthailand.org)
Obligatory asymmetric replication is a fundamental aspect of DNA replication in cells with linear chromosomes and has several biological implications, from the molecular machinery needed to accomplish replication to broader considerations about genome stability and cellular aging . (stemcellthailand.org)
Stretching out the DNA in all 46 chromosomes packed into one human cell would make a string of DNA two meters long. (cshl.edu)
Tens of thousands of ORCs assemble simultaneously along the chromosomes and after assembly, they are sequentially employed to start replication. (cshl.edu)
Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
Telomeres are thought to reflect cell aging and overall health -- their role is to help maintain the DNA ends of chromosomes following cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
Aneuploidy is an abnormality in the number of chromosomes in a cell due to loss or duplication. (genome.gov)
Interphase is characterized by cell growth and DNA replication , while M is the phase of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes of the cell prepare for the cell to divide into two new cells. (coursehero.com)
In eukaryotic cells , DNA is found in structures called chromosomes. (coursehero.com)
Before replication, these chromosomes exist as long, thin chromatin fibers. (coursehero.com)
Mitosis is a form of nuclear division in which replicated chromosomes are carefully organized and separated in preparation for cytoplasmic division. (coursehero.com)
It was known early into the 20th century that chromosomes, the genetic material of cells, contained DNA. (123helpme.com)

The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
CELL DIVISION by mitosis, meiosis and binary fission - How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells multiply? (docbrown.info)
First, they elucidated the mechanisms by which trophoblast stem cells and megakaryoblasts are developmentally programmed to differentiate into nonproliferating polyploid cells via 'endoreplication' , a process in which mitosis is bypassed and a second S-phase ensues. (nih.gov)
A fifth phase has been identified, G0, in which the cell is resting just after mitosis but still carrying out normal functions. (coursehero.com)
The M phase consists of mitosis, in which the cell divides, producing two new, identical cells. (coursehero.com)
Interphase is collectively the gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2) phases of mitosis, in which a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and grows again. (coursehero.com)
Other cellular structures are duplicated during G2, such that each replicated daughter cell produced during mitosis will have all necessary organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. (coursehero.com)
Mitosis includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, and anaphase, as well as telophase, during which chromosome copies are carefully separated in preparation for cytokinesis, where the cytoplasm divides. (coursehero.com)
Cells that are eukaryote in nature divide through the process of mitosis. (differencebetween.net)
In other words, mitosis divides the cell into two daughter nuclei while binary fission divides the cell to form two duplicate cells. (differencebetween.net)
Mitosis commonly occurs in somatic cells of multicellular organisms. (differencebetween.net)
For mitosis, cells undergo a series of stages in order for them to divide into daughter nuclei. (differencebetween.net)
During mitosis, a lot of changes happen to the organelles of the cell. (differencebetween.net)
The whole idea of cell division which involves either mitosis or binary fission is a very particular matter. (differencebetween.net)
3.Mitosis has stages of cell division. (differencebetween.net)
Strikingly, some of these cells display selective template-DNA strand segregation during mitosis in the muscle fibre in vivo, as well as in culture independent of their niche, indicating that genomic DNA strands are nonequivalent. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, we demonstrate that the asymmetric cell-fate determinant Numb segregates selectively to one daughter cell during mitosis and before differentiation, suggesting that Numb is associated with self-renewal. (nih.gov)

Media conditions that support fast growth in bacteria also couples with shorter inter-initiation time in them, i.e. the doubling time in fast growing cells is less as compared to the slow growth. (wikipedia.org)
For the same reason, the initiation of DNA replication is highly regulated. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome replication in bacteria is regulated at the initiation stage. (wikipedia.org)
A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork to help in the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
p)ppGpp modulates cell size and the initiation of DNA replication in Caulobacter crescentus in response to a block in lipid biosynthesis. (csun.edu)
The initiation of DNA replication occurs in two steps. (nature.com)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
2020. Laboratory Evolution Experiments Help Identify a Predominant Region of Constitutive Stable DNA Replication Initiation. . (ncbs.res.in)

DNA replication occurs in all living organisms acting as the most essential part of biological inheritance. (wikipedia.org)
DNA replication occurs during the S-stage of interphase. (wikipedia.org)
DNA replication is one of the most basic processes that occurs within a cell. (nature.com)
Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. (nature.com)
In both cases, replication occurs so quickly because multiple polymerases can synthesize two new strands at the same time by using each unwound strand from the original DNA double helix as a template. (nature.com)
During the S phase, the replication of the cell's genetic material, DNA, occurs. (coursehero.com)
The slowing down of cell replication occurs due to the shortening of telomeres , which are present at the end of each DNA strand. (healthnews.com)
Before a cell divides and DNA is passed from one cell to another, a complex process occurs. (cdc.gov)

a cell must first duplicate its entire genome ( all of the cell's genetic material. (brainscape.com)

When the DNA double helix is unwound by helicase during replication, the two strands are exposed. (stemcellthailand.org)
Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands, accommodated by an enzyme known as helicase, results in replication forks growing bi-directionally from the origin. (wikipedia.org)
Meanwhile, as the helicase separates the strands, another enzyme called primase briefly attaches to each strand and assembles a foundation at which replication can begin. (nature.com)

1] ^ Ralph A. Neumüller,Juergen A. Knoblich Dividing cellular asymmetry: asymmetric cell division and its implications for stem cells and cancer Genes Dev. (stemcellthailand.org)
Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Self-replication is a key property of biological systems at the cellular level, and this drives the process of evolution, but the onset and immediate effects of self-replication in the emergence of life are not understood. (nature.com)
One hypothesis is that systems which are able to couple molecular-based template self-replication to cellular objects evolved, overcoming parasitism and problems of dilution, see Fig. 1 1 . (nature.com)
HIV persistence may arise from ongoing residual virus replication and/or from latently-infected cells defined as the cellular reservoir in which long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells harbouring an integrated but transcriptionally silent provirus represent the largest pool in the blood (Chomont et al. (europa.eu)
Inaccurate DNA replication can occur during cellular division, when the cell makes a copy of its DNA. (maplesoft.com)
Mutations may also cause cells to lose specific functions, or alter essential cellular functions. (maplesoft.com)
Using stochastic cell division and death to probe minimal units of cellular replication. (ncbs.res.in)
Even though cells replicate to survive, they undergo a process of cellular senescence , where the dividing slows down and the cell eventually "retires. (healthnews.com)
However, as similar as they may appear to those newly introduced to these concepts, replication and transcription have unique roles to play in cellular activity. (aboutdarwin.com)
During this longest stage, there is no evident chromosomal activity or division but is characterized by fast, cellular metabolism. (differencebetween.net)
We now had convinced ourselves of the authenticity of our finding that the failure of the cells finally to stop replicating must be due to some internal cellular phenomenon, and not to some external artefact like a virus or culture technique problems and any other external cell argument that you might propose for reasons that I describe, in particular, in a male-female experiment. (webofstories.com)

This is one of the processes in regenerative medicine that allows stem cells to undergo to maintain their number and form a "stem cell reserve. (stemcellthailand.org)
Motile swarmer cells can not undergo DNA replication until they differentiate into stationary stalked cells. (csun.edu)
Cells that are copying their DNA in preparation for division can undergo replication stress. (rupress.org)
The present treatment regimes are very hard for children to undergo and side effects can have consequences for the rest of their lives," says Ruth Palmer, Professor of Molecular Cell Biology at the University of Gothenburg, who leads one of the research groups behind the new study. (gu.se)
Aging cells undergo even fewer replications before they scenes. (drdavesbest.com)

In the mammalian genome, this group of proteins assembles at tens of thousands of sites all at once, ensuring each chromosome is copied precisely once per cell division. (cshl.edu)
The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
TRAIP depletion also boosted the number of chromosome abnormalities and left cells more vulnerable to a DNA-damaging compound. (rupress.org)
A centromere , the point on a chromosome that attaches to the spindle fibers with a kinetochore during cell division, attaches the sister chromatids. (coursehero.com)
These tiny, genetic, biological clocks tend to shorten as you age, so your cell replication doesn't copy chromosome ends completely. (drdavesbest.com)
It's quite an intricate dance aimed at making sure every new chromosome is equipped with one old and one new strand of DNA - this is referred to as semi-conservative replication. (aboutdarwin.com)

This is because the very end of the lagging strand cannot be fully replicated, leading to the potential shortening of telomeres with each cell division. (stemcellthailand.org)
once telomeres are too short, cell replication stops. (sciencedaily.com)
However, the telomeres get shorter with each cell division, possibly leading to improper cell division and errors responsible for various age-related illnesses or cancer. (healthnews.com)
Every cell that reproduces needs telomeres, which keep you from losing genetic material contained within your DNA strands, during cell division. (drdavesbest.com)

This obligatory asymmetric replication has implications for the DNA replication process, including coordination of replication machinery, the need for multiple enzymes like ligases and primases, and potential sources of replication errors. (stemcellthailand.org)
DNA polymerases are a family of enzymes that carry out all forms of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Each cell in the human body contains thousands of enzymes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Enzymes provide help with facilitating chemical reactions within each cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Each cell contains thousands of enzymes, providing specific help throughout the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Enzymes speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions in cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Lipid biosynthesis is essential for cell viability and bacterial fatty acid synthetic enzymes have been suggested as antibiotic targets. (csun.edu)
The process is described here, along with DNA replication models, the DNA double helix, and the steps, speed, and enzymes of DNA replication. (avivadirectory.com)
The course plot for the saga of replication involves an array of characters, including enzymes like DNA polymerase, working tirelessly as diligent scribes, replicating each chapter accurately from the DNA template. (aboutdarwin.com)

Bacterial origins regulate orisome assembly, a nuclei-protein complex assembled on the origin responsible for unwinding the origin and loading all the replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
In E. coli, the direction for orisome assembly are built into a short stretch of nucleotide sequence called as origin of replication (oriC) which contains multiple binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (a highly homologous protein amongst bacterial kingdom). (wikipedia.org)
The SV40 T-antigen, the first protein the virus makes inside a host cell, is needed for the very first step of replication of the virus DNA. (cshl.edu)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
In a cell, antisense DNA serves as the template for producing messenger RNA (mRNA), which directs the synthesis of a protein. (genome.gov)
have identified a protein that helps cells relieve this form of stress and continue DNA duplication ( 1 ). (rupress.org)
The protein PCNA, which clamps onto DNA, also helps cells resolve replication stress by serving as a platform for repair proteins. (rupress.org)
The protein also amassed at DNA lesions that the researchers created in human cells. (rupress.org)
A cell spends most of its time in interphase, during which it mostly performs its normal functions, such as protein synthesis. (coursehero.com)
This protein helps fix errors that are made when DNA is copied (DNA replication) in preparation for cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
A shortage of this protein eliminates mismatch repair activity and prevents the proper repair of DNA replication errors. (medlineplus.gov)
A decrease in functional MSH2 protein leads to an increase in unrepaired DNA errors during cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
It reproduces protein time courses in wild-type cells, mimics correctly the phenotypes of many mutant strains, and predicts the phenotypes of currently uncharacterized mutants. (ebi.ac.uk)
In experiments in culture with human cell lines, we see the same RNA and protein expression patterns as we do in mice treated with this new regime, showing we're on the right track," says Jimmy Van den Eynden of the Cancer Research Institute at Ghent University, who led the Belgian part of the work. (gu.se)
Preliminary mechanisms of anti-ZIKV activity of XSJ2-46 were investigated via a series of ZIKV non-structural protein inhibition assays and host cell RNA-seq. (bvsalud.org)
the calicivirus NTPase was found in membranous replication complexes" /protein_id="YP_009238487.1" mat_peptide 2093. (cdc.gov)
the FCV ortholog was detected in membranous replication complexes" /protein_id="YP_009238488.1" mat_peptide 2630. (cdc.gov)

As a result of semi-conservative replication, the new helix will be composed of an original DNA strand as well as a newly synthesized strand. (wikipedia.org)

The leading strand is the strand that can be synthesized continuously by the DNA polymerase, moving in the same direction as the replication fork. (stemcellthailand.org)
Once priming is complete, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is loaded into the DNA and replication begins. (wikipedia.org)
A type of RNA polymerase, it sets the starting point for replication by adding small RNA primers. (aboutdarwin.com)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)

During the G2 phase, a structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells that coordinates the formation of microtubules, called a centrosome , allows cell division to proceed during reproduction. (coursehero.com)

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. (wikipedia.org)
DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to start DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. (nature.com)
Newswise - CHAPEL HILL, NC - Scientists at the UNC School of Medicine have made the surprising discovery that a molecule called EdU, which is commonly used in laboratory experiments to label DNA, is in fact recognized by human cells as DNA damage, triggering a runaway process of DNA repair that is eventually fatal to affected cells, including cancer cells. (newswise.com)

Furthermore, the Atasf1ab-triggered replication fork stalling constitutively activates the DNA damage checkpoint and repair genes, including ATM, ATR, PARP1 and PARP2 as well as several genes of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway but not genes of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. (nih.gov)
Increased lamin B1 levels lead to decreased expression of genes that play a variety of roles in the cell, including myelin production. (medlineplus.gov)
Second, they identified genes that are essential in non-malignant cells to prevent 'unscheduled endoreplication' from promoting cancer, as well as genes essential to prevent normal cells from re‑replicating their DNA more than once during a single S-phase. (nih.gov)
Moreover, replication ensures that genetic information stays consistent and the life story written in our genes continues for another generation. (aboutdarwin.com)

Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)

On the leading strand, only one primer is needed at the origin of replication. (stemcellthailand.org)
Replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication (OriC). (wikipedia.org)
There are 11 DnaA binding sites/boxes on the E. coli origin of replication out of which three boxes R1, R2 and R4 (which have a highly conserved 9 bp consensus sequence 5' - TTATC/ACACA ) are high affinity DnaA boxes. (wikipedia.org)

In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome which contains the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
The most striking finding, according to Notterman, is that the effect of father loss on telomere length was mediated by certain alleles, or genetic variants, in cells' serotonin transporter system. (sciencedaily.com)
Caulobacter's obligate cell cycle is controlled by oscillating master regulators that control different genetic modules in space and time. (csun.edu)
In cell division, nothing is as important as the precise replication of billions of genetic letters that make up DNA. (yale.edu)
Sickle cell anemia is an example of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. (genome.gov)
Interphase comprises the gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2) phases, in which the cell grows and replicates its genetic material. (coursehero.com)

Opposite to the mitotic spindle, the separation of chromosomal replication is done through the cell membrane. (differencebetween.net)

The classic examples of necessarily be processed by the cel replication fidelity can confer strong chemical agents that require met- into a mutation (see Chapter 12, by mutator phenotypes that result in ge- abolic activation to become carci- DeMarini). (who.int)

This includes notes about plaque morphology, what cell types work best for virus replication, etc. (cdc.gov)

T-antigen hijacks other proteins from the infected cell to replicate the virus genome. (cshl.edu)
To replicate the genome once and only once per cell division, there are many feedback loops, checks, and balances. (cshl.edu)
Our bodies are groups of cells that replicate themselves to survive. (healthnews.com)

XSJ2-46 acted at the replication stage of viral infection cycle, and exhibited reasonable inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) with an IC50 value of 8.78 µM, while not affecting MTase. (bvsalud.org)
they also probed the antisense strand of the S gene ( S antisense ), which is only produced during viral replication. (medscape.com)
The study found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 replication in all analyzed human autopsy coronaries regardless of their pathological classification, although viral replication was highest in early-stage lesions that progress to more advanced atherosclerotic plaques. (medscape.com)
Our data conclusively demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting and replicating in macrophages within the coronary vasculature of patients with COVID-19," write the authors, adding that SARS-CoV-2 preferentially replicates in foam cells compared to other macrophages, suggesting these cells "might act as a reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 viral debris in the atherosclerotic plaque. (medscape.com)

A cell may run short of nucleotides to plug into the new DNA strands, for example, or the replication machinery might run into a section of DNA that is damaged or tricky to copy. (rupress.org)

In the prokaryotic bacterium E. coli , replication can occur at a rate of 1,000 nucleotides per second. (nature.com)

Origin recognition complexes (ORCs) initiate the task of DNA replication throughout an entire genome in a controlled, temporal pattern. (cshl.edu)

However, binary fission or prokaryotic fission involves prokaryotic cells wherein the growth of the daughter cell is much like that of the parent cell. (differencebetween.net)

The dynamic regions are most likely essential for regulating and coordinating cell division in a multicellular organism. (cshl.edu)
A cell is the smallest, functional unit in any organism either a single-celled or multicellular organism. (differencebetween.net)

The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a group of proteins involved with every cell division event in our cells. (cshl.edu)

The cells also contained less single-stranded DNA and showed fewer signs of ATR activation. (rupress.org)
The study suggests that TRAIP promotes the resolution of replication stress by spurring the formation of RPA-covered single-stranded DNA and ATR activation. (rupress.org)

Our efforts to identify small molecules that could selectively induce DNA re-replication in cancer cells resulted in the discovery of a family of PIKFYVE phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors that can selectively kill autophagy-dependent cancer cells. (nih.gov)
used siRNA to deplete TRAIP in cells exposed to agents that induce replication stress. (rupress.org)

Obligatory asymmetric replication is also known as asymmetric cell division is the process by which a stem cell undergoes differentiation or division. (stemcellthailand.org)
Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
The origin recognition complex (too small to be seen in this picture) is responsible for coordinating many parts of this DNA replication process. (cshl.edu)
cells must control this process with tremendous precision in time and space. (cshl.edu)
Completing the ring triggers is an essential step in the process of beginning DNA replication. (cshl.edu)
Since they are not destroyed during the process, a cell can reuse each enzyme repeatedly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
As a result of this carefully orchestrated process, a flagellum is synthesized only when needed (just prior to cell division) and is placed at the pole opposite that of the stalk. (csun.edu)
The process may be straightforward and specific, as in the minimal template self-replicator model or more complex, as is the case for the replication of DNA. (nature.com)
The following description of this three-stage process applies generally to all cells, but specific variations within the process may occur depending on organism and cell type. (nature.com)
This primer permits the next step in the replication process. (nature.com)
Thus, as a result of complementary base pairing, the replication process proceeds as a series of sequence and anti-sequence copying that preserves the coding of the original DNA. (nature.com)
Replication, in the world of genetics, is a mesmerizing process through which a cell makes an exact copy or, to draw a more precise picture - duplicates its DNA. (aboutdarwin.com)
DNA replication is an intricate dance of molecules, a fundamental process essential to life. (aboutdarwin.com)
Cells follow a process during cell division. (differencebetween.net)
Conversely, binary fission is said to be a simple process of cell division. (differencebetween.net)
It thus can be used relatively easily and efficiently to label and track DNA, for example in studies of the DNA replication process during cell division. (newswise.com)
The team's findings strongly suggest that EdU kills cells by inducing a runaway process of futile excision repair, which ultimately leads the cell to terminate itself through a programmed cell-death process called apoptosis. (newswise.com)
Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
This process is known as replication. (cdc.gov)

The majority is due to 'bad luck,' that is, random mutations arising during DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells. (cdc.gov)

When the researchers used mass spectrometry to identify the proteins that accumulate at damaged DNA undergoing replication in Xenopus egg extracts, they found one that hadn't turned up in previous studies: the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAIP. (rupress.org)
An artist in its own right, Ligase dutifully connects Okazaki fragments (short sequences produced at the lagging strand) during replication. (aboutdarwin.com)

DNA replication (DNA amplification) can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). (wikipedia.org)
To identify whether and how hyperglycemia may compromise the endothelial barrier, we have employed an in vitro system of human endothelial cells obtained from umbilical veins and cultured in elevated glucose concentrations (20 mM). (diabetesjournals.org)
Hayflick is known for discovering that human cells divide for a limited number of times in vitro (refuting the contention by Alexis Carrel that normal body cells are immortal), which is known as the Hayflick limit, as well as developing the first normal human diploid cell strains for studies on human ageing and for research use throughout the world. (webofstories.com)
As a proof of concept, the method was tested in a breast cancer model and significantly enhanced chemotherapy of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)

Obligatory asymmetric replication refers to a phenomenon in which, during DNA replication, one DNA strand is always replicated in a continuous manner (leading strand) while the other strand is replicated discontinuously (lagging strand). (stemcellthailand.org)
The phrase "lives of a cell" refers to the independent yet interrelated parts of a human cell-including mitochondria, centrioles, and basal bodies-that once led independent lives. (cdc.gov)
This second interpretation of lives of a cell refers to the many interrelated earthly entities, such as plants, whales, humans, and even viruses, that "dart rather like bees from organism to organism, from plant to insect to mammal to me and back again," all protected by the sky-a membrane that "works, and for what it is designed to accomplish it is as infallible as anything in nature. (cdc.gov)
Replication stress refers to the various impediments that can slow or stall replication forks. (rupress.org)

Studies in yeast and animals indicate that ASF1 proteins play important roles in various chromatin-based processes, including gene transcription, DNA replication and repair. (nih.gov)
Researchers have visualized the structure of this complex, dissected its mechanisms in starting DNA replication, and discovered other roles the ORC plays. (cshl.edu)

The model accounts for important details of the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of cell cycle control in stalked C. crescentus cell. (ebi.ac.uk)

2022. Replication-dependent organisation constrains positioning of long DNA repeats in bacterial genomes. . (ncbs.res.in)

This enzyme unwinds the double-stranded DNA, paving the way for replication. (aboutdarwin.com)

J Cell Biol (2016) 212 (1): 3. (rupress.org)

The lagging strand, on the other hand, is synthesized discontinuously in small fragments called Okazaki fragments because the direction of its synthesis (5′ to 3′) is opposite to the movement of the replication fork. (stemcellthailand.org)

The dimorphic bacterium Caulobacter crescentus is a model organism for studying the bacterial cell cycle. (csun.edu)
Only by further elucidating the control mechanisms of bacterial cell division can we advance the development of new antimicrobial compounds. (csun.edu)
The work of PulseNet provides insight into the lives of a bacterial cell through DNA pattern matches. (cdc.gov)
All 3 interpretations of lives of a cell the once independent lives of a single cell, the many lives of the earth, and the lives of a bacterial cell that travels throughout the earth strongly suggest a need for multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary collaborations, such as, One Health. (cdc.gov)

Because stalled forks can lead to DNA double-strand breaks and genome instability, cells take a series of measures to clear the obstacles and restart replication ( 2 ). (rupress.org)

2012. The Caulobacter crescentus ctrA P1 promoter is essential for the coordination of cell cycle events that prevent the overinitiation of DNA replication. (csun.edu)
From published experimental evidence, we propose a molecular mechanism for control of the cell division cycle in Caulobacter crescentus. (ebi.ac.uk)

Despite extensive studies, their stem cell character remains largely undefined. (nih.gov)
Using pulse-chase labelling with BrdU to mark the putative stem cell niche, we identify a subpopulation of label-retaining satellite cells during growth and after injury. (nih.gov)
The cosegregation of 'immortal' template DNA strands and their link with the asymmetry apparatus has important implications for stem cell biology and cancer. (nih.gov)

The ORC complex proteins are kept near each other in liquid compartments in the nucleus and recruit proteins such as CDC6 and other proteins that control when to commit the cell to divide. (cshl.edu)
There are two types of cells: the eukaryote cells that contain a nucleus and prokaryote cells that don't have a nucleus. (differencebetween.net)

Since many of the proteins involved in regulating the cell cycle of C. crescentus are conserved among many genera of a-proteobacteria, the proposed mechanism may be applicable to other species of importance in agriculture and medicine. (ebi.ac.uk)

Since this genomic integrity is so fundamental to survival, scientists had assumed that replication mechanisms operate the same way in. (yale.edu)
Progression of a cell through the division cycle is tightly controlled at different steps to ensure the integrity of genome replication and partitioning to daughter cells. (ebi.ac.uk)

Its asymmetric cell division results in one swarmer and one stalked cell progeny. (csun.edu)

One NP was aptamer-functionalized to specifically bind to target cells, while the other was aptamer-complementary DNA-functionalized to specifically bind to aptamer-NPs. (bvsalud.org)

Our research initially focused on mechanisms that restrict nuclear DNA replication during cell division to one complete copy of the genome during each of the trillions of cell divisions required for fertilized mammalian eggs to develop into adults. (nih.gov)

Interphase takes most of the time in the cell cycle, comprising more than 95% of the duration of the cell cycle in most eukaryotes. (coursehero.com)

Cell division and DNA replication are crucial parts of life. (cshl.edu)
The coupling of compartmentalisation with molecular replication is thought to be crucial for the emergence of the first evolvable chemical systems. (nature.com)

Periodic sampling by a droplet-robot demonstrates that the extent of fission is increased as the reaction progresses, producing more compartments with increased self-replication. (nature.com)
This bridges a divide, showing how replication at the molecular level can be used to drive macroscale droplet fission. (nature.com)
Simple binary fission is a division wherein it goes by any plane such as in amoebas. (differencebetween.net)
Transverse binary fission is the matching of the cytoplasmic division plane with the transverse axis of the specimen like in planaria and paramecium. (differencebetween.net)
In binary fission, sister chromatids are no longer involved in chromosomal replication. (differencebetween.net)

The G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as interphase. (coursehero.com)
Interphase, the part of the cell cycle between division events, includes the G1, S, and G2 phases, during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and undergoes its usual functions. (coursehero.com)
During interphase, a cell grows larger. (coursehero.com)

The partners in this collaborative research project consortium have long-term expertise in studying HIV-1/SIV replication and pathogenesis. (europa.eu)

Two such fundamental processes that keep the wheels of life turning are Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
This interplay forms the foundation of processes like Replication and Transcription. (aboutdarwin.com)
Both life processes increase the number of cells which is comparable to the growth of the organism. (differencebetween.net)
It is part of the intricate processes of the formation of body proteins, structural compounds, chemical transmitters in the nervous system, red blood cells, and prostaglandins. (natural-fertility-info.com)

Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)

Since chemotherapy drugs like melphalan do not discriminate between normal cells and cancer cells, normal cells that divide frequently can also be damaged, resulting in side effects. (aacr.org)

Anatomy35

Organisms20

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes92

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Time a cell divides2

Proliferation11

Chromosomes12

Mitosis17

Initiation9

Occurs8

Cell's genetic material1

Helicase3

Cellular13

Undergo5

Chromosome6

Telomeres4

Enzymes9

Protein17

Semi-conservative replication1

Polymerase4

Cytoplasm1

Molecule5

Genes4

Centrosome1

Origin of replicat3

Genetic6

Mitotic1

Fidelity1

Virus replication1

Replicate3

Viral4

Machinery1

Nucleotides1

Entire genome1

Prokaryotic cells1

Multicellular organism2

Group of proteins1

Single-stranded2

Induce2

Process19

Mutations1

Ligase2

Vitro4

Refers4

Roles2

Genetics1

20221

Unwinds1

Biol1

Fork1

Bacterial4

Forks1

Caulobacter2

Stem3

Nucleus2

Proteins involved1

Integrity2

Asymmetric1

Complementary1

Mechanisms1

Eukaryotes1

Crucial2

Fission5

Interphase3

Pathogenesis1

Processes4

Understanding2

Chemotherapy1