• Reports indicate that TWEAK interacts with its receptor APO-3 and this interaction can lead to apoptosis, IL-8 secretion, NF-kB activation and endothelial cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Wnt-5a has since been suggested as a candidate ligand for ROR1, and ROR1 has been implicated to function as a pseudokinase, promoting proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in cancer cells through interaction with Wnt-5a, and TCL1-co-activation of AKT. (peprotech.com)
  • STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • After antigen recognition and activation, CD8 + cytotoxic T cells may trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • Current data suggest that oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease in which autocytotoxic CD8 + T cells trigger the apoptosis of oral epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • The degree of methylation affects the expression of target genes and has a significant impact on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine secretion, and cell activity ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) typically express CD8 and induce apoptosis of cells on which they recognize foreign antigens presented by MHC class I molecules, providing a defense against intracellular pathogens such as viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Shan J, Ma JM, Wang R, Liu QL, Fan Y. Proliferation and Apoptosis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus. (medscape.com)
  • This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity, and has been shown to be a major component required for serum-dependent melanoma cell growth. (cancerindex.org)
  • Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • TRAIL (Apo2 ligand) and TWEAK (Apo3 ligand) mediate CD4+ T cell killing of antigen-presenting macrophages. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • First identified during PCR-based cloning of a human neuroblastoma cell line in search of tyrosine kinases similar to tropomyosin-receptor-kinase (Trk) neurotropic receptors, ROR1, along with the related receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ROR2, was catalogued as an "orphan" receptor due to the fact its related ligand remained elusive. (peprotech.com)
  • γδ T-cell cytotoxicity and granzyme A/B production were enhanced after pretreatment of tumor cells with TLR3 [poly(I:C)] or TLR7 ligand (imiquimod). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The interaction of CD54 and the corresponding ligand CD11a/CD18 expressed on γδ T cells is responsible for triggering effector function in γδ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Experiments with monoclonal antibodies against CD2 suggest that CD2 is the cell surface receptor for a natural ligand involved in T cell proliferation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A common heterophilic ligand for these RTK family members is definitely Gas6 a vitamin K-dependent protein that is widely secreted by most cells including the lungs intestine Serping1 and vascular endothelium (43). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • As is the case with many other cytokines, the functional high-affinity receptor for IL-5 is a complex consisting of a ligand binding subunit ( alpha chain) and a second subunit ( beta chain) that can modulate the ligand binding affinity of the receptor complex. (rndsystems.com)
  • To test this hypothesis, both an Ag‐specific mouse B cell clone CH12.LX, and freshly isolated resting splenic B cells were cultured with either soluble or membrane‐bound forms of the T cell ligand for CD40 (CD40L), in the presence or absence of additional signals provided by Ag or anti‐IgM, interleukin‐4, and class II‐specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). (uthscsa.edu)
  • Bishop, GA, Warren, WD & Berton, MT 1995, ' Signaling via major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and antigen receptors enhances the B cell response to gp39/CD40 ligand ', European Journal of Immunology , vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1230-1238. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Ligated DCs exhibited poor stimulatory activity for primary and memory T-cell proliferative responses, but this was substantially reversed by blockade of CD80 or its preferred ligand CTLA-4, or by depleting CD4 + CD25 + CD127 lo regulatory T cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • Dysregulation of the NF-κB pathway in B cells from PPARγ +/- was indicated by spontaneous NF-κB activation, as well as increased IκBα phosphorylation and gel-shift activity following LPS stimulation. (jci.org)
  • Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. (nature.com)
  • Detailed molecular analyzes showed that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors mediate their BCR pathway antagonistic effects via recruitment of prohibitin-2 (PHB2) thereby impairing its role in signal transduction downstream the IGHV-mutant IgM-BCR. (nature.com)
  • Mutation at Y317 of p110α reduces the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells through Src-MLC2 pathway, while mutation at Y508 of p110α impairs AKT signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The binding of specific T cell receptors (TCR) to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/antigen complexes on cancer cells induces the TCR/CD3-mediated signal transduction pathway and stimulates the release of specific toxins (perforin and granzyme) for cancer elimination [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • KEGG enrichment and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that a large number of genes were enriched in inflammatory immune-related pathways, such as the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • To address whether the expression of the CD8 receptor on the cell membrane was associated to differences in the physiology of the T-cells, we isolated, from the same clone, CD4 single positive (SP) cells from those co-expressing CD4/CD8 receptors (DP cells) and stimulated them in vitro with antigen presenting cells (APC) carrying TSHR. (uninsubria.it)
  • Finally, S1P4 and S1PR5 were cloned from in vitro differentiated human dendritic cells and rat cDNA library. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Compared with the control cells, induction of miR370 overexpression significantly inhibited the proliferation, clone formation capacity, migration and invasion of XWLC-05 and H157 cells while miR-370 inhibitor over-expression enhanced their tumor behaviors in vitro . (oncotarget.com)
  • In vitro and in vivo studies described the myokine IL-15 and its receptor IL-15Rα as anabolic/anti-atrophy agents, however, the protein expression of IL-15Rα has not been measured in human skeletal muscle and data regarding IL-15 expression remain inconclusive. (typeset.io)
  • Soluble Axl (sAxl) is present in cell-conditioned medium of CUDC-305 (DEBIO-0932 ) tumor cells growing in vivo and in vitro and in the sera of humans mice and rats (23 50 However the identities of the sAxl-generating protease(s) and the mechanism(s) that account for this process remain unknown. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy for rapid in vitro generation of high numbers of antigen specific T cells. (haematologica.org)
  • The growth and metastasis abilities of cells are evaluated in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activated T cells induce proliferation and differentiation of resting B cells in vitro through their CD40 molecules and lymphokine receptors. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
  • [ 8 ] T cells in oral lichen planus contain mRNA for TNF and secrete TNF in vitro. (medscape.com)
  • The DNMT3A-mutated AML cells attenuated M1 macrophage polarization and resisted its killing effect in vitro and in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Receptor-tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is a tumor-associated, surface protein predominantly expressed during embryogenesis, where it is involved in organ morphogenesis, nervous system development, and neural progenitor cell maintenance and survival. (peprotech.com)
  • Janus kinase 2 is a member of the type I tyrosine kinase family of enzymes and is involved in signal transduction for the erythropoietin , thrombopoietin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Anti-V beta 8 MoAbs activate and induce cell proliferation of this clone. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Uncultured allogeneic melanoma cells mostly failed to induce CTL proliferation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Donor T cells may also induce GvHD due to recognition of allo-antigens on non-malignant tissues of the patient. (haematologica.org)
  • Constitutive activation of the TSH receptor may generate autocrine factors that promote further growth, resulting in clonal proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Somatic mutations of the TSH receptors and G α protein confer constitutive activation to the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascade of the inositol phosphate pathways. (medscape.com)
  • CD16 binds aggregated IgG or IgG-antigen complex which functions in NK cell activation, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (biolegend.com)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • These data provide evidence that anti-OX40 prior to surgery is safe and can increase activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood and tumor. (bepress.com)
  • We identified a subset of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with high Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptor-related signaling that showed an indolent clinical course. (nature.com)
  • Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptors are a group of nine type I transmembrane receptors that are mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells. (nature.com)
  • In B cells, this class of receptors has been shown to be expressed in distinct patterns associated with development and activation [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
  • The antigen-specific activation of B and/or T cells involves their staggered interaction with other cells in a contact-dependent manner and by soluble factors. (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • However, despite constitutive B cell expression of CD40 and lymphokine receptors, widespread nonspecific polyclonal B cell activation by activated T cells is seldom observed in vivo. (uthscsa.edu)
  • The ability of class II MHC‐mediated signals to enhance Ag‐specific B cell responsiveness to CD40‐mediated signaling may selectively promote the activation of B cell clones capable of cognate interactions with helper T cells. (uthscsa.edu)
  • During completed HPA expression, simultaneous activation and release of norepinephrine by locus coeruleus and brainstem alpha and beta adrenergic receptors and epinephrine in the adrenal medulla stimulate peripheral sympathetic nervous system neurons (SNS) (Elenkov et al. (nature-nurture.org)
  • CAR comprises an extracellular, cancer-specific antibody fused with the intracellular signaling activation domains of CD3 and co-activation ligands, such as CD28 or 4-1BB [ 17 , 18 ], which provide engineered T cells with an MHC‐independent mechanism through which to kill cancer cells directly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EGFR activation signals multiple downstream signaling cascades such as the Ras - ERK, PI3-K - Akt, Jak - STAT and PKC pathways that help in growth and proliferation of cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Upon receptor activation and signaling, EGFR is endocytosed and targeted for degradation or recycling. (thermofisher.com)
  • 1 Activation of DCs through toll-like receptors (TLRs) for "infectious nonself" or other "danger" signals normally initiates a process of cellular differentiation resulting in "mature" DCs capable of stimulating T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Mastocytosis is mast cell proliferation with infiltration of skin or other tissues and organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mast cell activation syndrome is increased and inappropriate activation of mast cells without clonal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors regulate fundamental biological processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, cytoskeleton organization, endothelial cell chemotaxis, immune cell trafficking and mitogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Although proliferation of one or more hematopoietic cell types dominates the clinical picture in each of these disorders, all three are caused by clonal proliferation of a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell, causing an increased proliferation of normal RBC, WBC, and platelet progenitors in the bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in driving proliferation and survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), supported by the clinical activity of inhibitors targeted toward BCR-associated kinases [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • Virtually absent from normal pediatric and adult tissues, with the exception of low-level expression in a subset of immature b cell precursors known as hematogones and adipocytes, ROR1 is notably overexpressed, and considered a survival factor, in a number of B lymphoid and epithelial malignancies: including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), marginal zone lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma. (peprotech.com)
  • Furthermore, the study examined the effects of cooperating oncoproteins such as Ras or Bcr/Abl, which allowed for both factor-independent proliferation and differentiation, or Bcl-2, which permitted factor-independent survival but not proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play fundamental tasks in varied cell functions including proliferation differentiation survival migration and rate of metabolism (16). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • 3-5 LILRs are encoded by a set of genes within the leukocyte receptor cluster on chromosome 19q13.4, adjacent to the killer Ig-like receptor ( KIR ) genes that are responsible for controlling NK- and CD8 T-cell survival and effector functions. (ashpublications.org)
  • Autologous clones were raised against Mx9/9 cells using the peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells of the Mx9/9 clone donor (PBMjm). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Some of these cloned anti-clone cells proliferated after stimulation with irradiated Mx9/9 cells, but not after stimulation with other autologous cloned T cells or heterologous PBM, suggesting that these clones recognize the T cell receptor (TCR) of the Mx9/9 cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The role of uncultured melanoma cells in the proliferation of autologous tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was investigated. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Uncultured autologous tumor cells by themselves induced modest, but significant, proliferation in 10 of 13 (77%) CTL clones and in only two of nine non-CTL clones. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Autologous tumor-induced CTL proliferation declined with increasing age of the culture. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In all these five CTL clones, autologous tumor cells suppressed IL-2-induced proliferation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The remaining four CTL clones, however, required both uncultured autologous melanoma cells and IL-2 for the proliferation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Here, we show higher levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), but lower levels of miR-370 expression in most human lung cancer cells and non-tumor cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • MA5-14485 targets Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in IHC (P) applications and shows reactivity with Human samples. (thermofisher.com)
  • EGFR (Epidermal growth factor receptor, HER1, ErbB1) is encoded by the EGFR gene located on chromosome 7 in humans. (thermofisher.com)
  • this induces thyroid cell hyperplasia to compensate for the low levels of T4. (medscape.com)
  • Antigen-specific ligation of T-cell receptors induces effector mechanisms that either directly or indirectly promote lysis of infected cells. (cdc.gov)
  • The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the lipid signalling molecule Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein is a receptor for interleukin 8 (IL8). (cancerindex.org)
  • To examine the role of protein kinase C as a chronic regulator of proximal tubule Na/H antiporter activity, the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on the Na/H antiporter was studied in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • Serial dilutions of Mouse IL-11 Recombinant Protein were added to B9 cells. (cellsignal.com)
  • The cell lines were established by conditional immortalization of primary murine marrow progenitors with an estrogen-regulated E2a/Pbx1-estrogen receptor fusion protein. (nih.gov)
  • Accordingly, once rearrangement of the Ig genes has taken place, the corresponding protein will be expressed as a surface receptor. (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
  • Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
  • Gas6 is the product of growth arrest-specific gene 6 which was in the beginning cloned from serum-starved fibroblasts and shares about CUDC-305 (DEBIO-0932 ) 44% sequence identity and related website organization with protein S a negative regulator of blood coagulation (48). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Human and mouse IL-5 R alpha are both members of the hematopoietin receptor superfamily characterized by the presence of the WSXWS, and a four cysteine residue motif in the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein. (rndsystems.com)
  • In addition to the cDNA clone encoding the full-length transmembrane protein, cDNA clones that arise from alternative splicing and that encode soluble secreted forms of IL-5 R alpha have been isolated from mouse as well as human cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • Normally, upon the stimulations by growth factors (GFs), the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are activated, and then recruit PI3K protein complex on the membrane to generate phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) from phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biophosphate (PIP2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The influenza A viruses infect host epithelial cells by attaching to a cellular receptor (sialic acid) by the viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA). (cdc.gov)
  • In contrast to T cells, which did not exhibit a significant difference, B cells from PPARγ +/- showed an enhanced proliferative response to stimulation by either lipopolysaccharide or cross-linking of antigen receptors. (jci.org)
  • Clone CARL-1, a different monoclonal antibody, also reacts with CD255 (TWEAK) but to a different epitope. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Mx9/9 is a CD4 clone bearing an antigen receptor recognized by the Mx9 anti-V beta 8 monoclonal antibody (MoAb). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pax6 serves as a regulator in the coordination and pattern formation required for differentiation and proliferation to successfully take place, ensuring that the processes of neurogenesis and oculogenesis are carried out successfully. (biolegend.com)
  • The anti-CD3 moiety of the BsAb bound to the T cell surface and stimulated the differentiation and proliferation of T cells in PBMCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the work presented here, we provide compelling data that SLAMF1 and SLAMF7 receptors may not only enhance immune control of CLL but also negatively regulate BCR signaling and thereby impact sensitivity towards BTK inhibition in the substantial fraction of patients with SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 expressing M-CLL. (nature.com)
  • Ectodomain dropping has emerged as an important posttranslational mechanism to regulate the functions of various integral membrane-bound proteins including adhesion molecules cytokines growth factors and their receptors (57 60 Both. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • It is expressed on the surface of NK cells, activated monocytes, macrophages, and placental trophoblasts in humans. (biolegend.com)
  • Our results showed that inflamed and non-inflamed dental pulps neither from humans nor from rats presented mast cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since mast cells are active during inflammatory responses it becomes crucial to find out if these cells are actually present and play a role in dental pulp under normal and inflammatory conditions either in humans or in rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the purpose of the present work was, under the same experimental conditions, to identify mast cells in healthy and inflamed dental pulp from rats and humans using toluidine blue histochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
  • Untreated (dashed line histogram) or treated (solid line histogram) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the BD Phosflow™ T Cell Kit Lyophilized Cells (Catalog No. 560760) were reconstituted in BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from healthy donors after approval by the LUMC institutional review board and informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki. (haematologica.org)
  • In this study, we developed a non-genetic engineering technology for rapidly manufacturing a large amount of cancer-specific T cells by utilizing a unique anti-cancer/anti-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAb) to directly culture human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene, IL8RA, a gene encoding another high affinity IL8 receptor, as well as IL8RBP, a pseudogene of IL8RB, form a gene cluster in a region mapped to chromosome 2q33-q36. (cancerindex.org)
  • Differentiation was normal and terminal as evidenced by morphology, cell surface markers, gene expression, and functional assays. (nih.gov)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • The murine CD2 gene was assigned to chromosome 3 by Southern blot analysis of mouse-hamster somatic cell hybrids. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The use of CD20 as suicide gene was investigated in CMV specific T cells and in T cells genetically modified with an antigen specific T-cell receptor. (haematologica.org)
  • Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) is a well-established suicide gene that has been successfully used to control GvHD following donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • Although human CD20 has previously been described as functional selection marker and suicide gene after retroviral transfer to T lymphocytes, 9 , 10 the specificities of these T cells were unknown, and therefore a potential effect of CD20 on antigen-specific T-cell functions could not be investigated. (haematologica.org)
  • We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)
  • The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
  • The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
  • However, the commercial production of cancer-specific T cells is often hampered by laborious cell culture procedures, the concern of retrovirus-based gene transfection, or insufficient T cell purity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the gene transfer technology used in current CAR T cells primarily depends on retrovirus or lentivirus systems, which will randomly insert the CAR gene into the T cell genome and may pose a potential carcinogenic risk [ 19 , 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was demonstrated that expression of interleukin‑8 (IL‑8) mRNA was significantly upregulated in Gem‑R PaCa cells by cDNA microarray and RT‑qPCR analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • Clones encoding the murine homologue were isolated from a murine T helper cell cDNA library. (ox.ac.uk)
  • cDNA clones for the alpha chain (IL-5 R alpha ) of both the mouse and human high affinity IL-5 receptor complexes have been isolated. (rndsystems.com)
  • However, it is difficult to capture the complexity of transcript isoform variance using these libraries, and large cDNA sequences are often difficult to clone into size-limited viral expression vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study indicates that miR-370 may bind to the 3'UTR of EGFR to inhibit EGFR expression and the growth, angiogenesis and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by down-regulating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling. (oncotarget.com)
  • The effector functions of the immune system comprise antibodies and complement-dependent mechanisms within body fluids and the mucosa, as well as tissue-bound effector mechanisms executed by T cells and monocytes/macrophages. (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • The dense subepithelial mononuclear infiltrate in oral lichen planus is composed of T cells and macrophages, and there are increased numbers of intraepithelial T cells. (medscape.com)
  • however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, we co-cultured AML cells with macrophages. (frontiersin.org)
  • Macrophages are the most abundant white blood cells in the immune microenvironment and have a high degree of heterogeneity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
  • To qualify as stem cells, self-renewal has to be shown as well [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
  • The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
  • These cells represent the epithelial stem cells of the small intestine and colon (23), the hair follicle (24), the stomach (28) and many other tissue stem cell types. (hubrecht.eu)
  • The cells also represent the cells-of-origin of adenomas in the gut (25) and within adenomas Lgr5 stem cells act as adenoma stem cells (36). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Lgr6 marks multipotent skin stem cells (29). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Lgr5 crypt stem cells behave in unanticipated ways: Against common belief, they divide constantly and in a symmetric fashion. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Stem cells numbers remain fixed because stem cells compete 'neutrally' for niche space (30). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Daughters of the small intestinal stem cells, the Paneth cells, serve as crypt niche cells by providing Wnt, Notch and EGF signals (33). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Long-term clonal culturing of organoids from Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Based on these combined insights, we have established Lgr5/R-spondin-based culture systems that allow the outgrowth of single mouse or human Lgr5 stem cells into ever-expanding organoids. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal proliferations of bone marrow stem cells, which can manifest as an increased number of platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), or white blood cells (WBCs), alone or in combination, in the circulation and sometimes with fibrosis in the bone marrow and extramedullary hematopoiesis (cell production outside the marrow). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Recent news of an impending clinical cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease using parthenogenetic stem cells as a source of donor tissue have raised hopes in the patient community and sparked discussion in the research community. (lu.se)
  • Several studies shown that Axl could mediate cell adhesion and aggregation through homotypic ectodomain associations (9 23 Both CUDC-305 (DEBIO-0932 ) murine and human being Axl proteins undergo proteolytic processing to yield a soluble form of this molecule. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • In contrast, T cells, which mediate cellular immune responses, can target internal proteins common to heterologous viral strains. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 , 2 The anti-tumor effect of DLI is mediated by donor T cells recognizing allo-antigens on the malignant cells of the recipient. (haematologica.org)
  • Acute leukemias Leukemia is a malignant condition involving the excess production of immature or abnormal leukocytes, which eventually suppresses the production of normal blood cells and results in symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Functional malignant cell heterogeneity in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors revealed by targeting of PDGF-DD. (lu.se)
  • Here, making use of a newly generated Pdgfd knockout mouse, we reveal a functionally important malignant cell heterogeneity modulated by PDGF-DD signaling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET). (lu.se)
  • instead, we found that PDGF-DD stimulated bulk tumor cell proliferation by induction of paracrine mitogenic signaling between heterogeneous malignant cell clones, some of which expressed PDGFRβ. (lu.se)
  • However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
  • It is present as a cell surface bound or a secreted form, expressed on most tissues and non-lymphoid tumor cell lines, but weak or no expression on hematopoietic lineage lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Interleukin-11 (IL-11) was initially cloned as a mediator of plasmacytoma cell proliferation and was later found to exhibit a wide variety of biological effects in neural cells as well as in the hematopoietic and immune systems (1). (cellsignal.com)
  • IL-11 belongs to the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type subfamily of long-chain helical cytokines, including IL-6, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin-1, which all share the glycoprotein gp130 as a signal transducing receptor component. (cellsignal.com)
  • Moreover, treatment with imiquimod downregulated MHC class I molecules on tumor cells possibly resulting in a reduced binding affinity for inhibitory receptor NKG2A expressed on γδ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We demonstrate that the inhibitory receptor LILRB1 (ILT2, LIR1, CD85j) is selectively up-regulated during DC differentiation from monocyte precursors in culture. (ashpublications.org)
  • Ligation of these receptors results either in diminution of intracellular signaling by ITIM-associated phosphatase activity for inhibitory receptors with a long cytoplasmic tail or in ITAM-associated signaling through adaptor molecules recruited by activating receptors with a short cytoplasmic tail. (ashpublications.org)
  • This receptor mediates neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Knockout studies in mice suggested that this receptor controls the positioning of oligodendrocyte precursors in developing spinal cord by arresting their migration. (cancerindex.org)
  • Sandalore activated the cloned smeller cells in skin, thereby inducing a calcium-signaling cascade that dramatically increased the proliferation and migration of cells," Discovery News describes. (smithsonianmag.com)
  • Upon immobilization sAxl advertised cell migration and induced the phosphorylation of Axl and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors are also involved in immune-modulation and directly involved in suppression of innate immune responses from T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice primed with either ovalbumin or methylated BSA also showed enhanced antigen-specific immune response of both T and B cells, an immunological abnormality that exacerbated antigen-induced arthritis. (jci.org)
  • Together, our data indicate that SLAMF receptors are important modulators of the BCR signaling axis and may improve immune control in CLL by interference with NK cells. (nature.com)
  • The heterogeneity of glioblastoma can suppress immune cell function and lead to immune evasion, which presents a challenge in developing effective molecular therapies for tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, tumor heterogeneity has a significant impact on both the immune microenvironment and the infiltration of various immune cells within tumors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) ( 5 ), myeloid antigen-presenting cells ( 6 ) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This heterogeneity can vary greatly between different types of immune cells, leading to further complexity in understanding the immune response to tumors. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been discovered that the genetic structure of tumor cells and the components of the immune microenvironment interact with each other. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the signature had close interactions with immune-related pathways and was closely related to CD8 T cells and monocytes in the tumor environment. (scielo.br)
  • The lack of targeted immunotherapeutic approaches for T cell malignancies results in part from potential risks associated with targeting broadly expressed T cell markers, namely T cell depletion and clinically significant immune compromise. (mdpi.com)
  • The immune system is comprised of various continuously circulating cells (T and B lymphocytes, and antigen-presenting cells present in various tissues). (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • A normal immune response usually involves the response and proliferation of numerous B cell clones, bearing ABS with varying degrees of specificity for the different epitopes contained within the antigen. (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • In a story very similar to the discovery of opiate receptors in the brain, cannabinoid receptors have been discovered along with their endogenous cannabinoids, representing the largest neurotransmitter system in the brain and immune system. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • It seemed likely that something similar was happening with THC and the cannabinoid receptors in the brain and the immune system. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis is supported by many autoimmune features of oral lichen planus, including its chronicity, onset in adults, predilection for females, association with other autoimmune diseases, occasional tissue-type associations, depressed immune-suppressor activity in patients with oral lichen planus, and the presence of autocytotoxic T-cell clones in lichen planus lesions. (medscape.com)
  • We hypothesized that, in CBD, failure of IL-10 to modulate the beryllium-specific, cell-mediated immune response would result in persistent, maximal cytokine production and T lymphocyte proliferation, thus contributing to the development of granulomatous lung disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) play pivotal roles in the initiation, regulation, and maintenance of immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • Recent studies have suggested a role for human leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs, also known as ILT, LIR, or CD85) in regulating the function of myeloid cells, potentially implicating these molecules in the control of immune responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • We discuss the advantages of developing a vaccine based on cell-mediated immune responses toward highly pathogenic influenza virus and potential problems arising from immune pressure. (cdc.gov)
  • The CD4+ T helper cells are primarily responsible for helping other immune cells through direct cell-cell interactions or by secreting cytokines after recognizing viral peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. (cdc.gov)
  • Greater understanding of how each subset contributes to protective immunity and how T-cell memory is maintained and recalled in a secondary infection would contribute to development of effective vaccines that use these basic features of the immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, the T-cell immune response to influenza infection has been well characterized in C57BL/6 (B6,H2 b ) mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Continuous ligation of LILRB1 modulated cellular differentiation, conferred a unique phenotype upon the resultant cells, induced a profound resistance to CD95-mediated cell death, and inhibited secretion of cytokines IL-10, IL-12p70, and TGF-β. (ashpublications.org)
  • A previous study demonstrated that SLAMF1, SLAMF2, and SLAMF7 receptors are rather downregulated on CLL cells as compared to their normal B cell counterpart [ 12 ], suggesting that high expression of these molecules may have detrimental (e.g., antiproliferative) effects in the CLL context. (nature.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that signals delivered via the B cell antigen (Ag) receptor (membrane immunoglobulin, mIg) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules enhance B cell responsiveness to CD40‐mediated signals, providing specificity to the Ag‐nonspecific, MHC‐unrestricted CD40 signal. (uthscsa.edu)
  • Proximal tubule cells exposed to PMA for 2 h demonstrated a two- to threefold increase in Na/H antiporter mRNA (mRNANa/H) abundance 4 h later. (jci.org)
  • Induction of miR-370 over-expression significantly reduced the levels of EGFR expression and the EGFR 3'untranslated region (UTR)-regulated luciferase activity in XWLC-05 and H157 cells, suggesting that miR-370 may bind to the 3'UTR of EGFR mRNA. (oncotarget.com)
  • CD2 mRNA was expressed in murine thymus and spleen, and in the T cell line EL4. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CD16 is known as low affinity IgG receptor III (FcγRIII). (biolegend.com)
  • In the case of IL-5, the beta subunit is shared with the high affinity receptor complexes for IL-3 and GM-CSF. (rndsystems.com)
  • Tumor cells are influenced by both genetic factors and environmental elements in the microenvironment, resulting in a complex regulation process ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Various subclonal tumor cells have the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment in order to obtain adaptations. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This interaction results in a more complex alteration of both the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In normal human subjects a small proportion of peripheral blood T-cells simultaneously express both CD4 and CD8 differentiation antigens. (uninsubria.it)
  • The body faces a large number of different antigens in its lifetime, necessitating that a correspondingly large number of different receptor specificities, and therefore different B cells, must continuously be produced. (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • In summary, uncultured melanoma cells by themselves induced modest levels of CTL proliferation in the context of MHC class II antigens, whereas they suppressed IL-2-induced CTL proliferation in more than half of the clones. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 4 In addition, TCRs for minor histocompatibility antigens, including HA-1 and HA-2, have been transferred to donor-derived virus-specific T cells to treat patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • Neoadjuvant anti-OX40 (MEDI6469) therapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma activates and expands antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating T cells. (bepress.com)
  • Here we describe the results from a phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02274155) in which 17 patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) received a murine anti-human OX40 agonist antibody (MEDI6469) prior to definitive surgical resection. (bepress.com)
  • Younes F, Quartey EL, Kiguwa S, Partridge M. Expression of TNF and the 55-kDa TNF receptor in epidermis, oral mucosa, lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, early in the formation of oral lichen planus lesions, CD8 + T cells may recognize an antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on keratinocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Sugerman PB, Satterwhite K, Bigby M. Autocytotoxic T-cell clones in lichen planus. (medscape.com)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • Wnt signaling intimately interacts with the BMP and Notch cascades to drive proliferation and inhibit differentiation in intestinal crypts and adenomas (17, 20). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-human CD56 Brilliant Violet 421™ and anti-human CD16 (clone 3G8) Spark YG™ 581 (left), or only stained with anti-human CD56 Brilliant Violet 421™ (right). (biolegend.com)
  • Peripheral blood phenotyping data show increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation two weeks after anti-OX40 administration. (bepress.com)
  • Expanded HTLV-1-infected clones revealed different distributions between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood and were enriched in the CSF of patients with HAM/TSP. (jci.org)
  • Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections 6 , immunoprecipitation 3 , stimulation of NK cell proliferation 4 , blocking of phagocytosis 5 , and blocking of immunoglobulin binding to FcγRIII 7,8 . (biolegend.com)
  • They can inhibit the growth of tumor cells, kill them via phagocytosis, and promote anti-tumor immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ability of clone Mx9/9 to proliferate after stimulation with anti-V beta 8 MoAb was inhibited when clone 121 cells were added to the cultures. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cluster analysis showed similarity in TCRβ sequences in HTLV-1-infected cells, suggesting that they proliferate after common antigen stimulation. (jci.org)
  • Following antigen stimulation, specific B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies into the surroundings. (healthtipsdesk.com)
  • Furthermore, miR-370 over-expression down-regulated the EGFR and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression, and attenuated the extracellular single-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and AKT phosphorylation in XWLC-05 and H157 cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • In contrast, miR370 inhibitor over-expression increased the EGFR and HIF-1α expression as well as the ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation in XWLC-05 and H157 cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Phosphorylation of EGFR at certain residues is also mediated by Src-non-receptor kinase. (thermofisher.com)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In a new study, researchers identified five different olfactory receptors on the surface of the skin and cloned one of those receptors, Discovery News reports . (smithsonianmag.com)
  • The murine homologue of the T lymphocyte CD2 antigen: molecular cloning, chromosome assignment and cell surface expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The multiple effects of IL-5 are mediated by binding of the cytokine to specific cell surface receptors expressed on target cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)
  • 2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)
  • We constructed a DNMT3A knockout clone and DNMT3A-R882H-mutated clones. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since SLAMF receptors play a role in NK cell biology, we reasoned that these receptors may impact NK cell-mediated CLL immunity. (nature.com)
  • In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
  • 1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • IL-2 alone was sufficient for the potent proliferation of five of nine CTL clones. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • 2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
  • The human T lymphocyte antigen CD2 (T11, sheep erythrocyte receptor) is expressed on all peripheral T cells and all but the most immature thymocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte pro- liferation. (cdc.gov)
  • exogenous rhIL-10 has a limited effect on cytokine production and no effect on T lymphocyte proliferation or HLA expression. (cdc.gov)
  • CMIR)3 and, in the presence of persistent Ag, in the stricted, beryllium salt-specific T lymphocyte proliferation (1-3). (cdc.gov)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) link innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and regulating effector cell responses. (ashpublications.org)
  • The results demonstrated that CD8 co-expression has a profound effect on the physiology of T helper (Th) cells. (uninsubria.it)
  • It did not correlate with IL-2 receptor-α expression or was not inhibited by addition of anti-IL-2 antibody to the culture. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Potential effects of forced CD20 expression on T-cell function were investigated by comparing CD20- and mock-transduced cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific T cells for cytolysis, cytokine release and proliferation. (haematologica.org)
  • After the co-culture, the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the mutant cells was significantly lower than that in the control group, while that in immunosuppressive factors was not significantly different. (frontiersin.org)
  • The presence of a subclonal population of tumor cells characterized by PDGFRβ expression was further validated in a cohort of human PanNET. (lu.se)
  • Functionally distinct T-cell subsets are broadly identified according to their differential expression of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study we characterized a subset of CD4+ clones, from a healthy donor, that is specific for the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) and that showed cells co-expressing the CD8 receptor. (uninsubria.it)
  • Transfer of HSV-tk to DLI preserves the beneficial anti-tumor effect and allows in vivo elimination of donor T cells if severe GvHD occurs. (haematologica.org)
  • Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes and actively participate in the inflammatory response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cells play an important role in a variety of biological processes including allergic reactions, atherosclerosis and inflammation 7,8 . (bvsalud.org)