• We have developed a simple and sensitive method for conditional cell ablation in transgenic mice, called "toxin receptor-mediated cell knockout. (nih.gov)
  • We expressed the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor in transgenic mice using a hepatocyte-specific promoter and found that injection of DT caused fulminant hepatitis. (nih.gov)
  • As DT is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in both growing and non-growing cells, the method is applicable to a wide range of cells and tissues in mice or in other DT-insensitive animals. (nih.gov)
  • Conversely, mice lacking SP, CGRP or the SP receptor (neurokinin 1 receptor) show reduced pathology in both models of caecal TcdB injection and CDI. (nature.com)
  • When these scientists reported earlier this year that neurons from Tg2576 transgenic mice had reduced surface expression of the GluR1 variant of glutamate receptor, they also noticed that these losses were accompanied by losses of PSD-95, a protein that anchors GluR1 to the synapse. (alzforum.org)
  • Almeida reported that neurons from transgenic mice show increased ubiquitination of the EGFR after treatment with EGF. (alzforum.org)
  • Knockout and transgenic mice have been developed for specific T-cell disorders and are recognized to have helped predict human genetic disorders. (medscape.com)
  • 2004) T cell receptors recognizing type II collagen in HLA-DR-transgenic mice characterized by highly restricted V beta usage. (scirp.org)
  • Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1 CD4-Cre ), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3 + Tregs. (jci.org)
  • Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1 CD4-Cre mice. (jci.org)
  • Mutation of a self-processing site in caspase-8 compromises its apoptotic but not its nonapoptotic functions in bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mice. (southernbiotech.com)
  • 8. Coccia MA, Brams P. High titer, prostate specific antigen-specific human IgG production by hu-PBL-SCID mice immunized with antigen-mouse IgG2a complex-pulsed autologous dendritic cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • PHILIPPE ZIZZARI Transgenic mice with an overactive form of the receptor for ghrelin-often dubbed the "hunger hormone"-do not have the increased appetites one might expect, yet still gain weight, according to a paper published yesterday (April 19) in Science Signaling . (the-scientist.com)
  • The team decided to perform fecal transplants on mice with an experimentally induced form of MS. They discovered that swapping the mice's microbiomes with those of MS patients caused the animals to lose key immune-regulatory cells and instead develop more severe neurodegeneration, indicating that the microbiome alone could affect the progression of MS. (genomeweb.com)
  • When the researchers transferred human-derived microbiota into transgenic mice expressing a myelin autoantigen-specific T-cell receptor, they found that microbiome fecal transplants could exacerbate MS symptoms. (genomeweb.com)
  • In this model, 6 to 8 week old NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) immunocompromised mice receive the thy/liv implant as in the SCID-hu mouse model only to be followed by a second human hematopoietic stem cell transplant (4). (ca.gov)
  • The goal of this protocol is to describe the process of generating these transgenic mice and assessing in vivo efficacy using live PET imaging. (ca.gov)
  • review the heterogeneity of the current models for memory T cells generation and maintenance in humans and mice. (scielo.br)
  • In a very interesting review, P. MARRACK & J. KAPPLER focus on naïve, activated, and memory T cells survival separately, and discuss experiments done in vitro and in mice lacking or containing normal populations of lymphocytes. (scielo.br)
  • We now report that MT-Exendin mice develop extensive tissue lymphocytic infiltration with increased numbers of CD4 + and CD8a + cells in the liver and/or kidney and increased numbers of B220 + cells present in the pancreas and liver. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • According to Elin Forsberg, a doctoral student working in the lab of Dr. Jonas Nilsson at the University of Gothenburg, IL-2 transgenic humanized NOG mice can be used to study the effect of CAR-T therapy on human tumors. (taconic.com)
  • We previously published an immune-humanized mouse model in which we transplanted tumor cells and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients in a clinical trial of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) in Herlev, Denmark - and demonstrated that responses in IL-2 transgenic NOG mice correlated to the responses of the patients in the trial 2 . (taconic.com)
  • Interestingly, responses were only achieved in IL-2 transgenic NOG mice and not in regular NOG mice. (taconic.com)
  • One notable observation was that in the immune-humanized mouse model, mice receiving T cells would develop a lymphoproliferative disease after the tumors disappeared because the IL-2 signaling was constitutive, driving T cell proliferation. (taconic.com)
  • It is an important observation that human IL-2 seems to be necessary for beneficial effects of human CAR-T cells in mice. (taconic.com)
  • Using HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice, we have demonstrated the feasibility of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer into T cells to circumvent self-tolerance to the widely expressed human p53 and MDM2 TAAs. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • We found that mammary epithelium-specific overexpression of CCN5 in transgenic mice leads to an increase in ER-α expression and that this impact of CCN5 is not restricted to the normal cells. (ku.edu)
  • One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
  • Inoculation with a high dose strains of LMP1 transgenic mice vide a powerful tool in mechanistic of EBV caused a B-cell lymphopro- were established that express LMP1 studies on the role of individual viral liferative disorder in these mice, under the control of the immunoglob- genes in cancer. (who.int)
  • We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor , a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Airway IFN-γ + CD8 + T-cells were decreased and lung germination was eliminated in mice that aspirated A. fumigatus conidia that were formaldehyde-fixed or heat-inactivated. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, A. fumigatus particles exhibited greater persistence in the lungs of recipient mice when compared to non-viable A. fumigatus or A. versicolor , and this correlated with increased maintenance of airway memory-phenotype CD8 + T cells. (cdc.gov)
  • In mPXR-null/hPXR-transgenic mice, endosulfan-alpha exposure (2.5mg/kg/day) caused a significant reduction of tribromoethanol-induced sleep times by approximately 50%, whereas no significant change in sleep times was observed in PXR-null mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Repeated mild traumatic brain injury triggers pathology in asymptomatic C9ORF72 transgenic mice. (medscape.com)
  • To mimic activation of Gα12 pathways, constitutively active Gα12 (QL) was conditionally expressed in podocytes using Nphs2-Cre and LacZ/floxed QLα12 transgenic mice. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, our group has recently evidenced that early-life infection in 5xFAD mice induces a subpopulation of microglial cells with a monocyte-like profile presenting as potential markers genes corresponding to Gal3, and APOE. (lu.se)
  • Fully human monoclonal antibodies are produced using transgenic mice that contain human immunoglobulin genes or using phage display (ie, a bacteriophage-based cloning method) of immunoglobulin genes isolated from human B cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For example, patients with partial DGS rarely lack T-cell function as measured by in vitro T-cell proliferation to nonspecific mitogens. (medscape.com)
  • Engler, O.B., Strasser, I., Naisbitt, D.J., Cerny, A. and Pichler, W.J. (2004) A chemically inert drug can stimulate T cells in vitro by their T cell receptor in non-sensitised individuals. (scirp.org)
  • 13. Bian H, Fournier P, Moormann R, Peeters B, Schirrmacher V. Selective gene transfer in vitro to tumor cells via recombinant Newcastle disease virus. (southernbiotech.com)
  • The recent development of stem cell research and the possibility of generating cells that can be stably and permanently modified in their genome open a broad horizon in the world of in vitro modeling. (wjgnet.com)
  • In addition to the new in vitro systems, in recent years there were also significant advances in the development of new animal models that allows studying the entire cell cycle of human malaria. (wjgnet.com)
  • Thanks to recent progresses, stem cells have been extensively employed to study Plasmodium liver and blood cycle in vitro . (wjgnet.com)
  • The most common procedure involves isolation of the patient's own T-cells, which are then genetically modified and expanded in vitro . (tufts.edu)
  • The present study aimed to examine the effect of kaempferol on high glucose‑induced human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assay and, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionally relevant humanized mouse transplant model. (lu.se)
  • Here, we have shown that Cysteine-rich 61-Connective Tissue Growth Factor-nephroblastoma-overexpressed 5 (CCN5) induces growth arrest of TNBC cells in-vitro and in xenograft tumors. (ku.edu)
  • CCN5 treatment leads to an expression of functional ER-α in the TNBC cells, both in-vitro and in xenograft models, and sensitizes these cells to tamoxifen, commonly used for endocrine therapies. (ku.edu)
  • This study examined the dose-dependency and receptor specificity of CYP induction in vitro and in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • 1991. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls with Ah receptor affinity on lymphoid development in the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius on chick embryos in ovo and in mouse thymus anlagen in vitro . (cdc.gov)
  • Specific cell ablation is a useful method for analyzing the in vivo function of cells. (nih.gov)
  • CD26 is expressed on a restricted subpopulation of dendritic cells in vivo. (southernbiotech.com)
  • provides an overview of the dynamic in vivo life of NK cells from their development in the bone marrow to their mature cellular responses in the periphery and their ultimate demise, with emphasis on mouse NK cells and viral infections. (scielo.br)
  • Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. (lu.se)
  • Targeting activated Gα subunits to specific cells in vivo permits identification of downstream effector pathways independent of receptor activation, and thus permits insight into disease mechanisms otherwise impossible to study in vivo . (medscape.com)
  • Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • CAR-T treatment involves the infusion of transgenic T-cells that express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) on their cell membrane into the patient. (tufts.edu)
  • The modification enables these cells to express the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) on the cellular surface, directing the CAR T cells to recognize and kill cells expressing the target protein. (taconic.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered T cells have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in patients with B-cell malignancies. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • Combined with simple proliferative responses, the identified nucleotides are also shown to have functional consequences by inducing T cell proliferation for CD4/V β 20-1 + T cells, while failing to induce proliferation in other T cell isolates. (scirp.org)
  • Targeted delivery of the TcdB enzymatic domain, through fusion with a detoxified diphtheria toxin, into peptidergic sensory neurons that express exogeneous diphtheria toxin receptor (an approach we term toxogenetics) is sufficient to induce neurogenic inflammation and recapitulates major colonic histopathology associated with CDI. (nature.com)
  • In autoimmune diseases, these target cells killed by autoreactive CD8+ T cells can release numerous autoantigens to induce the overproduction of autoantibodies, and finally lead to the death of self-cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • STAT1-deficient effector T cells became the target of NK cell-mediated killing, limiting their capacity to induce EAE. (jci.org)
  • Next, we have shown that CCN5 protein can induce expression of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) in mammary epithelial cells. (ku.edu)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transmembrane and activation domains of the CAR-T receptor are responsible for activating and triggering T-cell proliferation when the receptor binds to its target antigen. (tufts.edu)
  • These killing strategies are potentiated by additional signaling receptors on the T-cells that can improve T-cell proliferation and cytokine release. (tufts.edu)
  • In addition, HREC proliferation, migration and cell sprouting were determined using Cell Counting kit‑8, wound scratch and tube formation assays, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Among the angiogenic mediators, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to be the main stimulating factor, which acts via promoting the migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and thereby stimulates the generation of new blood vessels ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)
  • Gα12 couples to numerous G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and regulates multiple epithelial responses, including proliferation, apoptosis, permeability and the actin cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
  • Our findings identify an endogenous receptor-mediated event that drives Tr1 differentiation and suggest that the complement system has a previously unappreciated role in T-cell-mediated immunity and tolerance. (nature.com)
  • It's far from clear, said Pantel, but one possibility is that injection provides such a sudden large dose of the hormone that it activates GHSR receptors in certain parts of the brain that normal endogenous fluctuations would not. (the-scientist.com)
  • The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The target-binding domain is engineered to be structurally different than endogenous T-cell receptors because it recognizes antigens that are independent of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. (tufts.edu)
  • A safety concern of TCR gene transfer is the risk of pairing between introduced and the naturally expressed endogenous TCR chains, resulting in the generation of self-reactive T cells. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • CD8+ T cells, also called cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), are one subtype of T cell ( 6 ), characterized by robust production of interferon (IFN)-γ and cytolytic activities via perforin (PRF)/granzymes (GZM) or Fas mechanisms to kill target cells ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies indicate that memory T lymphocytes contain distinct populations of central memory (T CM cells) and effector memory (T EM ) cells characterized by distinct homing capacity and effector function. (scielo.br)
  • Background Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a promising immunotherapeutic approach for patients with advanced solid tumors. (bmj.com)
  • NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Nascent transformed cells elicit NK cell activation and are eliminated. (frontiersin.org)
  • The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
  • The discovery of these modifications that contribute to the activation or suppression of CD8+ cells has been concurrent with the increasing evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in autoimmunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells is accompanied by large-scale changes in the coordinated expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors (TFs) and chemokines that are correlated with their survival, effector function, and self-renewal ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These CD3/CD46-stimulated IL-10-producing CD4 + cells proliferate strongly, suppress activation of bystander T cells and acquire a memory phenotype. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Sorted CD3 + CD4 + CD45RA + CD45RO + T cells respond to primary and secondary activation with IL-10 production. (nature.com)
  • Shevach, E. M. S. M. R., Piccirillo, C. A. & Thornton, A. M. Control of T-cell activation by CD4 + CD25 + suppressor T cells. (nature.com)
  • 2007) Structural basis of T-cell specificity and activation by the bacterial superantigen TSST-1. (scirp.org)
  • Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as an animal model of MS, is also induced by the activation of myelin reactive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent migration in the CNS, where they mediate inflammatory responses, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. (jci.org)
  • Expansion of Th1 cells is then promoted by IL-12-induced STAT4 activation. (jci.org)
  • However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Currently, three main strategies are applied to restore the activation of senescent T cells, including replacement, restoration, and reprogramming. (hindawi.com)
  • discuss the role of integrins in T cell- mediated immunity, with a focus on how these receptors participate in lymphocyte recirculation and T cell activation, how antigen stimulation regulates integrin activity, and how integrins define functionally unique subsets of T cells and APCs. (scielo.br)
  • The CAR-T receptor of the transgenic T-cell contains three domains: (1) a target-binding domain externally exposed to the extracellular environment, (2) a transmembrane domain, and (3) an activation domain that is intracellularly contained. (tufts.edu)
  • When activated, the T-cells mediate killing of tumor cells by two mechanisms: (1) secretion of granzymes and (2) activation of death receptor signaling in the tumor cell. (tufts.edu)
  • Similarly, Bellicum Pharmaceuticals is developing a technology that requires rimiducid to be present for CAR T-cell activation. (tufts.edu)
  • A study has demonstrated that activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α)/ERRα pathway increases VEGF expression and angiogenesis in endothelial cells, which suggests that ERRα may be involved in the pathogenesis of DR ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • NK cells can enhance T-cell activation without production of cytokines linked to adverse reactions. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • Lack of ER-α expression in TNBC cells or loss of ER-α activation after endocrine treatment of luminal cancers makes these breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen and other endocrine therapies. (ku.edu)
  • Human CD22 Inhibits Murine B Cell Receptor Activation in a Human CD22 Transgenic Mouse Model. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the aim of this work is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, its mechanism of action, and to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in endotoxin's recognition by the immune system and cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the objective of this study is to carry out a review of the literature on the role of bacterial endotoxin in the etiology of periapical lesions, as well as to elucidate molecular mechanisms involved in its recognition by the immune system and in cell activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we report that TcdB induces neurogenic inflammation by targeting gut-innervating afferent neurons and pericytes through receptors, including the Frizzled receptors (FZD1, FZD2 and FZD7) in neurons and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) in pericytes. (nature.com)
  • This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • In wild-type cells, it was all but gone from endosomes after an hour, whereas in transgenic neurons, both the size and the density of EGF-containing endosomes were significantly larger at this time point. (alzforum.org)
  • Furthermore, treating wild-type cells with a proteasome inhibitor slowed the EGFR's progression through the multivesicular bodies to a crawl, similar to what the scientists saw in APP-transgenic neurons. (alzforum.org)
  • Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons contributes significantly to the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has been attributed to aberrant signaling through the neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75 NTR ). (plos.org)
  • The transferrin receptor (TfR) is processed by the recycling of early endosomes, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is shuttled through late endosomes. (alzforum.org)
  • Komatsu, T., Moriya, N. and Shiohara, T. (1996) T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and function of human epidermal T cells: Restricted TCR V alpha-V beta genes are utilized by T cells residing in the lesional epidermis in fixed drug eruption. (scirp.org)
  • Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), where the cancer cells do not express nuclear hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), have worse survival rate compared to the patients with luminal subtypes of cancer. (ku.edu)
  • Early, recycling endosomes shuttle membrane proteins back to the cell membrane, and Aβ42 co-localizes weakly with them. (alzforum.org)
  • 2013) The molecular basis for Mucosal-Associated Invariant T cell recognition of MR1 proteins. (scirp.org)
  • and 3) the molecular basis of diseases that involve spectrin or any of its associated proteins, including contributions of the cortical cytoskeleton to the phenotypic alterations of malignant cells and the molecular pathology of acquired and inherited disorders involving this structure. (yale.edu)
  • These observations suggest that there is another receptor for the myelin-associated proteins. (jneurosci.org)
  • Instead, CAR-T recognizes antigens that are either proteins, carbohydrates, or gangliosides on the tumor cell surface. (tufts.edu)
  • These proteins are found in specialized light receptor cells in the retina called rods. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Macrophage inflammatory protein-2: chromosomal regulation in rat intestinal epithelial cells. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Western blot analysis and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of AND-34 RNA and protein in lens epithelial cells, particularly at the lens equator. (molvis.org)
  • While Akt Ser 473 phosphorylation was readily detectable in AND-34 +/+ lens epithelial cells, it was markedly reduced in the AND-34 −/− lens epithelium. (molvis.org)
  • These results demonstrate the loss of AND-34 dysregulates focal adhesion complex signaling in lens epithelial cells and suggest that AND-34-mediated signaling is required for maintenance of the structural integrity of the adult ocular lens. (molvis.org)
  • The HER2 knockout cells were not sensitive to CAR-T therapy and did not provoke degranulation or IFN-gamma production from the CAR-T cells, indicating that the CAR-T cells were specific for the HER2 target. (taconic.com)
  • indeed, activity-dependent turnover of many neurotransmitter receptors in dendritic spines is thought to occur through the proteasome ( Ehlers, 2003 ). (alzforum.org)
  • 5. Chang J, Cha H, Chang S, Ko H, Seo S, Kweon M. IFN-γ secreted by CD103 + dendritic cells leads to IgG generation in the mesenteric lymph node in the absence of vitamin A. J Immunol. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4(+) T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resulted in a functional enrichment of Foxp3(+) T cells. (lu.se)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • The prototypic T-cell disorder in which the thymus is absent, small, or in an aberrant location is DiGeorge syndrome (DGS). (medscape.com)
  • Evidence for a thymus-dependent form of tolerance that is not based on elimination or anergy of reactive T cells. (nature.com)
  • Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. (epa.gov)
  • Unlike CAR-T's cell surface antigens, TCR-T can recognize that larger set of intracellular antigen fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The affinity of human TCRs to tumor antigens is relatively low, which left them unable to recognize and kill tumor cells effectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recipient T cell then recognized a different antigen, enabling the use of these cells to target non-surface antigens. (wikipedia.org)
  • First the entire set of antigens presented by tumor cells is identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • Published studies and their target antigens include: Acute myeloid leukemia (WT1) Solid tumors: In solid tumors local injection is more effective than systemic drug administration, such as injecting T cells into the cerebrospinal fluid in brain tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune diseases are complex diseases characterized by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens and sustained aberrant immunological response against healthy cells and tissues, leading ultimately to the overproduction of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Healthy humans develop spontaneous CD8+ T cell responses to melanoma associated antigens (MA) expressed by normal melanocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • However, high-avidity T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are usually absent in patients because of self-tolerance. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • We hypothesized lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1, CD107a) to be a marker for fratricide in TCR transgenic CD8 + T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Central to the integrated function of multicellular organisms is cell contact mediated signaling and the spatial organizations of specialized membrane-surface domains. (yale.edu)
  • Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
  • 24h after TCR transduction, CD107a expression correlated with low expansion rates due to apoptosis of ADRB3 specific T cells in contrast to CHM1 specific transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Non-thermal disruption of β-adrenergic receptor-activated Ca2+ signalling and apoptosis in human ES-derived cardiomyocytes by microwave electric fields at 2.4 GHz. (swansea.ac.uk)
  • One method is to target senescent T cells which have selective apoptosis function. (hindawi.com)
  • To solve this problem, the biopharmaceutical Celyad is developing a CAR-T that expresses Natural Killer Receptors (NKR) that can bind ligands of solid tumors. (tufts.edu)
  • Dr. Longo has financial interests in PharmatrophiX, a company focused on the development of neurotrophin receptor ligands. (plos.org)
  • ApoE interacts with multiple ligands, among them triggering-receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which is greatly implicated in neuroinflammation [5]. (lu.se)
  • We have generated a modified version of this model in which we use genetically modified human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) to construct the thy/liv implant followed by injection of transduced autologous hHSC (7, 9). (ca.gov)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Various cytokines, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules have been found to be differentially methylated in CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Effector CD4 + T cell subsets have been defined based on their secretion of cytokines, as well as based on transcription factors and cytokines required for their development and maintenance. (jci.org)
  • Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we evaluated the safety issues raised by the risk of TAA-TCR gene transfer-associated on/off-target toxicities and the therapeutic potential in relevant transgenic mouse models of adoptive transfer. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Autoimmune diseases are usually complex and multifactorial, characterized by aberrant production of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies against healthy cells and tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adaptive immune cells, including B and T cells, have been demonstrated to be primary contributors to the overactive immune response and overproduction of antibodies. (frontiersin.org)
  • The researchers initially exposed human immune cells in laboratory dishes to the bacterial extracts, and found that Akkermansia muciniphila and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus , two species that were more common in people with MS, triggered the cells to become pro-inflammatory. (genomeweb.com)
  • One of the main limitations of both of these models was the lack of stable reconstitution of human immune cells in the periphery to make them a more physiologically relevant model to study HIV disease. (ca.gov)
  • Q: Would you envision the hIL-2 NOG model benefiting other CAR therapies based upon other immune cells (e.g. (taconic.com)
  • Published studies include: Esophageal cancer (MAGE-E4) Metastatic colorectal cancer (TGFβII) Metastatic melanoma (Gp100) Metastatic/malignant melanoma (MAGE-A3) Metastatic melanoma (MART-1) Metastatic melanova/synovial cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1) Multiple myeloma (NY-ESO-1) Zhao L, Cao YJ (2019). (wikipedia.org)
  • More importantly, we adapted this system to examine the potential of generating functional cytotoxic T cells (CTL) expressing a melanoma specific T cell receptor. (ca.gov)
  • We also tested the CAR-T cells in xenograft models of uveal melanoma (one cell line-derived xenograft and one patient-derived xenograft) and found that uveal melanoma was sensitive to the HER2 CAR-T therapy. (taconic.com)
  • We used cell lines of cutaneous and uveal melanoma to study the specificity of the HER2 CAR-T cells by knocking out the target HER2 in the cells with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. (taconic.com)
  • Methods We analyzed infused TIL products from metastatic melanoma patients previously treated with ACT for the presence of neoantigen-specific T cells. (bmj.com)
  • Focusing on advanced melanoma, we will investigate the antitumor activity of UniCAR NK cells in clinically relevant models. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • T cells and TCR will be obtained from blood and tumor tissue and tested for neoantigen specificity and tumor reactivity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • Efficient recognition of foreign pathogens by T cells requires adhesive interactions between T cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and with components of the extracellular matrix. (scielo.br)
  • Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
  • NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A CD4 + T-cell subset inhibits antigen-specific T-cell responses and prevents colitis. (nature.com)
  • The authors also argue that memory B and T cell responses are long-lived in the absence of antigen, but they are modulated and influenced by other infections and that memory B and T cells can either provide protective immunity or contribute to immunopathology on infection with homologous or heterologous viruses. (scielo.br)
  • Autoreactive T cell responses were screened using a multicolor fluorospot assay, while the repertoire of such cells was investigated using TCR sequencing of single-sorted T cells. (reachmd.com)
  • Therefore, murine airway CD8 + T cell-responses to aspiration of Aspergillus conidia may be mediated in part by the ability of conidia to germinate in the host lung tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • In the B cell system protective memory is mediated by plasma cells that secrete antibodies, whereas reactive memory is mediated by memory B cells that proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells in response to secondary antigenic stimulation. (scielo.br)
  • Ravi Kumar Sharma et al, Identification of proteinase 3 autoreactive CD4+T cells and their T-cell receptor repertoires in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis, Kidney International (2023). (reachmd.com)
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mouse and human intestinal cell data are available from the Broad Institute Single Cell portal with the accession number SCP1038 . (nature.com)
  • Human NK cells are phenotypically characterized by the expression of CD56 and the absence of CD3 and can be further subdivided into a CD56 bright population and a CD56 dim population. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we show that co-engagement of CD3 and the complement regulator CD46 in the presence of IL-2 induces a Tr1-specific cytokine phenotype in human CD4 + T cells. (nature.com)
  • Wucherpfennig, K.W. and Hafler, D.A. (1995) A review of T-cell receptors in multiple sclerosis: Clonal expansion and persistence of human T-cells specific for an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide. (scirp.org)
  • 1998) Comparative sequence analysis of the human T cell receptor beta chain in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile spondylarthropathies: Evidence for antigenic selection of T cells in the synovium. (scirp.org)
  • CD38 expression and functional activities are up-regulated by IFN-γ on human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Specifically, the gain-of-function mutation increased GHSR signaling in response to ghrelin in cultured human cells, and increased the receptor's sensitivity to injected ghrelin in the transgenic animals: growth hormone release and food intake were stimulated by lower doses of ghrelin in the transgenic animals than in wild-type animals. (the-scientist.com)
  • In this paper, we review the different protocols available to study human Plasmodium species either by using stem cell or alternative animal models. (wjgnet.com)
  • CAR T cell (CAR-T) therapy is a relatively recent immunotherapy with the first drugs approved for human use by the FDA in 2017. (taconic.com)
  • It is possible that poor effects or lack of durability of CAR-T cell therapies for solid tumors in other mouse models can be explained by the lack of human IL-2. (taconic.com)
  • Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. (lu.se)
  • Previous work from the contributing DKTK partner sites has demonstrated the versatility of this approach in T cells, and showed that it is feasible to derive CAR-engineered, established human NK cells as an off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • The efforts to find clinical utility of assays to detect these self-reactive T cells and their role in disease pathogenesis using both patient samples, and human T-cell receptor based transgenic animal models will be the next focus of the group. (reachmd.com)
  • The HepG2 cell line was transiently transfected with CYP2B6- and CYP3A4-luciferase promoter reporter plasmids along with human PXR (hPXR) or hCAR expression vectors. (cdc.gov)
  • 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
  • Cell-type specific and multiscale dynamics of human focal seizures in limbic structures. (medscape.com)
  • Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
  • We identified HLA-A*02:01/peptide-restricted T cells directed against ADRB3 295 . (oncotarget.com)
  • After TCR identification, we generated HLA-A*02:01/peptide restricted TCR transgenic T cells by retroviral transduction and tested T cell expansion rates as well as A*02:01/peptide recognition and ES killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
  • Comparison of peptide motive binding affinities revealed extended fratricide among ADRB3 295 specific TCR transgenic T cells in contrast to CHM1 319 . (oncotarget.com)
  • Hence, current GLP-1-based therapies are focused on the use of GLP-1 mimetics with protracted action, including the lizard peptide exendin-4 (Ex-4), a DPP-4-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonist that can reduce both fasting and postprandial glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • For example, Cellectis has developed a CAR-T therapy with a switch control system that only activates the transgenic T-cells when rampamycin is present. (tufts.edu)
  • Mucosa-associated epithelial chemokine/CCL28 expression in the uterus attracts CCR10 + IgA plasma cells following mucosal vaccination via estrogen control. (southernbiotech.com)
  • RT‑qPCR and western blotting results showed that treatment with 30 mM glucose for 12, 24 and 48 h increased the expression level of estrogen‑related receptor α (ERRα) mRNA and protein. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) belongs to a nuclear receptor superfamily characterized by their high levels of sequence identity to estrogen receptors, and the primary role of ERRα is in energy metabolism ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • As of now, research teams have designed third-generation CAR-Ts that contain costimulatory receptors that ameliorate antitumor activity and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. (tufts.edu)
  • In the mouse brain, we found that the plasticity inhibitors Nogo-A and Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) are differentially expressed in the SVZ-OB system, in which Nogo-A identifies immature neuroblasts and NgR1 germinal astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each of Nogo, MAG, and OMgp interacts with both the Nogo receptor (NgR) and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). (jneurosci.org)
  • Roncarolo, M. G. & Levings, M. K. The role of different subsets of T regulatory cells in controlling autoimmunity. (nature.com)
  • Novel aspects of T cells containing TCRV β 20-1 are numerous, ranging from pathogen specific reactivity to specific tissue homing, or possible T cell subsets. (scirp.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Class I MHC molecules on hematopoietic cells can support intrathymic positive selection of T cell receptor transgenic T cells. (unil.ch)
  • However, TCR-T cell therapy depends on MHC molecules, limiting its usefulness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Promising combinations of UniCAR NK cells and distinct targeting molecules will be identified for subsequent translation into a phase clinical study. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • Many of these molecules activate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which couple to multiple Gα subunits. (medscape.com)
  • Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • T-cell disorders in which autoimmunity and polyendocrinopathy predominate have recently been elucidated, and more will certainly be discovered as pathways for T-cell signal transduction are better understood. (medscape.com)
  • These studies have served to highlight the role of AND-34/BCAR3 and p130Cas in cell adhesion and migration signaling pathways. (molvis.org)
  • Endosulfan has affects on vertebrate xenobiotic metabolism pathways that may be mediated, in part, by its ability to activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and/or the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) which can elevate expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. (cdc.gov)
  • 1994) T cell receptor V alpha repertoire of infiltrating T cells in labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. (scirp.org)
  • 1994. Ah receptor in embryonic mouse palate and effects of TCDD on receptor expression. (cdc.gov)
  • While glutamate is the brain's most important excitatory neurotransmitter, L-theanine binds to the same brain cell receptors and blocks them to glutamate's effects. (lifeextension.com)
  • Our studies show that after being secreted into the extracellular matrix, CCN5 binds to the α6β1 integrins of the cells leading to inhibition of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. (ku.edu)
  • T cell receptor T cell therapy (TCR-T) is a type of cancer immunotherapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • This joint (Frankfurt/Mainz, Dresden, Essen, Heidelberg) translational immunotherapy project aims to combine NK cells as effector cells with universal epitope-specific CAR (UniCAR) with tunable activity. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • Exciting results show that L-theanine works by decreasing the binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate to its receptors and stimulating production of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. (lifeextension.com)
  • In addition to blocking excitatory stimuli at glutamate receptors in the brain, L-theanine also stimulates production of the inhibitory, relaxing neurotransmitter GABA, adding to its calming, anti-anxiety effects. (lifeextension.com)
  • Initial observations indicate that CCN5 induces expression of P16INK4A and P19ARF, resulting in cell cycle arrest of the tumor cells. (ku.edu)
  • Endosulfan induces CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 by activating the pregnane X receptor. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, our study suggests that the STAT1 pathway can be manipulated to limit autoreactive T cells during autoimmunity directed against the CNS. (jci.org)
  • The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. (jci.org)
  • TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23 promote the differentiation of Th17 cells. (jci.org)
  • Second messenger signaling bypasses CGRP receptor blockade to provoke migraine attacks in humans. (medscape.com)
  • There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • A technical limitation of CAR-T technology is that it is challenging for CAR T-cells to target solid tumors. (tufts.edu)
  • This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
  • However, mounting evidence has suggested that CD8+ T cells, in particular, play an important role in the induction, progression, pathogenesis, and protection for autoimmune diseases ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. (epa.gov)
  • Expression of AND-34 regulates epithelial cell growth pattern, motility, and growth factor dependence. (molvis.org)
  • Dr. Michael Steinmetz was the first to move TCR genes across T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Excessive glutamate stimulation of brain cells ( excitotoxicity ) is a factor in development of long-term neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, and schizophrenia. (lifeextension.com)
  • Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results We discovered that neoantigen-specific TIL clones were predominantly CD4 + T cells and were present in both therapeutic responders and non-responders. (bmj.com)
  • 1999. Adverse reproductive outcomes in the transgenic Ah receptor-deficient mouse. (cdc.gov)
  • Reprogramming is a promising treatment, which redifferentiates T-induced pluripotent stem cells (T-IPSCs) into naïve and cytotoxic T cells or dedifferentiates within their own lineage [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • 1992) T cell receptor repertoire of infiltrating T cells in lips of Sjogren's syndrome patients. (scirp.org)
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of PR3-reactive T cells showed shared (public) TCRs between patients, implicating a common "clonal" immune response . (reachmd.com)
  • Other groups also reported hints that Aβ, perhaps its oligomers, impairs proteasome function, potentially slowing down the turnover of receptors and other synapse components. (alzforum.org)
  • and the control of receptor organization at the synapse. (yale.edu)
  • Mutations in the gene coding for interleukin 2a receptor ( IL-2Ra ) have similarly caused diarrhea , candidiasis , and lymphoproliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Using the BLT Humanized Mouse as a Stem Cell based Gene Therapy Tumor Model. (ca.gov)
  • Mutations in the RHO , GNAT1 , or PDE6B gene disrupt the normal signaling that occurs within rod cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We purchased commercially available HER2 CAR-T cells from ProMab and tested them in our immune-humanized mouse model. (taconic.com)
  • Second, the authors discuss that inability to resolve infection and prevent disease may not be a consequence of the generation of an inadequate number of Th1 cells but of an intrinsic deficiency in macrophage function that prevents these cells from expressing immunity. (scielo.br)
  • Conventional clinical management for absent T-cell function consists of immune reconstitution using stem cell or bone marrow transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Traditionally, the treatment of hematological malignancies is administrated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. (hindawi.com)
  • Two theories predominate: the bicellular stem cell theory and the multicellular theory. (medscape.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)