Cell proliferation or cell checkpoint cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
It inhibits cytokine production and cell proliferation/differentiation in various immune cells. (uwo.ca)
In most biological systems the down-regulation of proliferation is necessary for initiation of key steps in the differentiation process. (elsevierpure.com)
We have examined regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of the cell cycle-dependent histone genes, which are functionally coupled with DNA synthesis, in proliferating cells and during the onset of differentiation in several phenotypes including adipocytes. (elsevierpure.com)

CK2 has a dual functionality with involvement in cell growth/proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
The SignalStain ® Proliferation/Apoptosis IHC Sampler Kit from Cell Signaling Technology allows the researcher to examine paraffin-embedded tissues or cells with antibodies that will detect cellular apoptosis or proliferation. (cellsignal.com)
Each antibody in the SignalStain ® Proliferation/Apoptosis IHC Sampler Kit detects endogenous levels of its target protein and does not cross-react with any related proteins. (cellsignal.com)
Survivin binds and inhibits caspase-3, controlling the checkpoint in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell division (4,5). (cellsignal.com)
If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis . (britannica.com)
For example, mutations in a protein called p53 , which normally detects abnormalities in DNA at the G1 checkpoint, can enable cancer-causing mutations to bypass this checkpoint and allow the cell to escape apoptosis. (britannica.com)
JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
Beginning after completion of hair morphogenesis (postnatal day 14 in the mouse), hair growth cycles commence with catagen, an involution process of the hair follicle during which the majority of its epithelial compartments undergo apoptosis [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
Quercetin also improve the action of the drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) promoting increased expression of p53 and apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a member of the DNA sliding clamp family of proteins that assist in DNA replication (6). (cellsignal.com)
Multiple proteins involved in DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell cycle control bind to PCNA rather than directly associating with DNA, thus facilitating fast processing of DNA (reviewed in 7). (cellsignal.com)
TP53 inhibition allows LINE-1 + cells to grow, and genome-wide-knockout screens show that these cells require replication-coupled DNA-repair pathways, replication-stress signaling and replication-fork restart factors. (nih.gov)
We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)
Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are the precursors of DNA synthesis, and their strict balance is critical for proper DNA replication and repair in cells [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Genes clustering in the categories fatty acid beta oxidation, cell adhesion, DNA replication and polyamine biosynthesis were up-regulated indicating increased lipolysis, cell attachment, proliferation and growth. (wada-ama.org)
Though Stillman admits the link between DNA replication and ribosome biosynthesis is speculative, he adds that it makes sense, as proliferation requires the replication of both the genome and the cellular machineries. (rupress.org)
SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
Cell cycle and DNA replication are top signaling hubs for medulloblastoma cell growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)

Casein kinase 2 (EC 2.7.11.1)(CK2/CSNK2) is a serine/threonine-selective protein kinase that has been implicated in cell cycle control, DNA repair, regulation of the circadian rhythm, and other cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
In human monocytic cell lines U-937 and THP-1, LeTx induced cell cycle arrest in Go-Gi phase by rapid down-regulation of cyclin D1/D2 and checkpoint kinase 1 through MEK1 inhibition. (uwo.ca)
Cell-cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of checkpoint kinase 2-cell division cycle 25C-cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1 signaling. (bioone.org)
The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)

mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
We hypothesize that tensile (mechanical) forces applied to two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, bronchoalveolar H358 cells and alveolar A549 cells, play an important role in determining cellular response to chemotherapeutic agents. (ku.edu)
In order to investigate changes resulting from exposure to tensile stretch, we first looked at changes in proliferation and expression of a few cellular markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (ku.edu)
We found that a tensile force significantly reduces cellular proliferation and causes significant shifts in cell cycle distribution. (ku.edu)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
This study demonstrated that modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signaling cascades can be beneficial for protecting or facilitating recovery from cellular LeTx intoxication in cells that depend on basal MEK1 activity for proliferation. (uwo.ca)
Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
In CAC, intestinal inflammation play critical role that induce DNA damage and cellular proliferation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

However, THP-1 cells adaptively adjusted to LeTx and overrode cell cycle arrest by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (uwo.ca)

Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
In the first phase of the project cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/monocyte, IM-9/T lymphocyte, H9/B lymphocyte), PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively will be treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate genes influenced by hghapplication. (wada-ama.org)
Whole genome cDNA microarrays as well as oligonucleotide microarrays including leukocyte-relevant genes will be used to characterize potential hgh-specific genes by comparing gene expression profiles of treated and untreated cells. (wada-ama.org)
To this purpose cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/ monocyte, IM-9/ B- lymphocyte, H9/ T-lymphocyte) and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively were treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate hgh-sensitive genes. (wada-ama.org)
Genes for non-apoptotic cell death and regulation of osmotic pressure were down-regulated. (wada-ama.org)
Genes of groups similar to those detected as repressed in H9 cells were also down-regulated in the RA-1 cell line along with genes responsible for muscle development. (wada-ama.org)
In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)
SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
In proliferating cells transcription of the histone genes is up-regulated at the onset of S phase. (elsevierpure.com)
protein allows mutations to accumulate in other genes, which may cause cells to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. (diff.org)
In our recent study we found that circadian clock genes play a role in regulation of the hair growth cycle during synchronized hair follicle cycling, uncovering an unexpected connection between these two timing systems within skin. (aging-us.com)
Interestingly, a large fraction of the genome, more than six thousand genes, exhibits changes in expression that correlates with the progression of the hair growth cycle, thus underscoring the complexity of this process [ 4 , 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
One of the surprises that came from this study was the finding that genes regulated by the core circadian clock mechanism showed expression changes that correlated with the hair growth cycle, with highest expression during the telogen-anagen transition. (aging-us.com)
While these genes show a clear circadian pattern of expression in skin, as was previously demonstrated [ 9 - 11 ], their amplitude was higher during telogen and early anagen (Figure 1 ), indicating that in skin, the expression of clock controlled genes is dependent both on circadian mechanism and the hair growth cycle. (aging-us.com)
The oncogenic microRNA-27a targets genes that regulate specificity protein transcription factors and the G2-M checkpoint in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
This includes the activation of oncogenes (genes associated with cancers) and interference with the cell cycle checkpoints that control the proliferation or death of cells. (preventionstartshere.org)

Among the proteins identified was Yph1p, a homologue of zebrafish pescadillo, mutations in which lead to cell proliferation defects. (rupress.org)

De-regulation of CK2 has been linked to tumorigenesis as a potential protection mechanism for mutated cells. (wikipedia.org)
Having roles in cell cycle regulation may also indicate CK2's role in allowing cell cycle progression when normally it should have been ceased. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Yph1p was also found in complex with a variety of other proteins, including those involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and checkpoint control. (rupress.org)
Mutational analysis indicates that the distal part of Site II is critical for cell cycle regulation. (elsevierpure.com)
While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
This CAC is associated with the cell cycle and its regulation is affected by the tumor suppressor proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
ZBTB46 is a shear-sensitive transcription factor inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation via gene expression regulation of cell cycle proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)

We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
Central-type and peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor antagonists did not abrogate proliferation inhibition by midazolam, while the specific TRPM7 agonist bradykinin reversed this effect. (elsevierpure.com)
The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. (oncotarget.com)
Apart from its hypoglycemic properties, metformin also inhibits the cell cycle by restricting protein synthesis and cell proliferation via regulating the LKB1/AMPL pathway. (bmj.com)
In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)

Unexpectedly, we found that their depletion in primary human lung fibroblasts failed to induce cell cycle arrest but strongly suppressed cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
We find that nontransformed cells undergo a TP53-dependent growth arrest and activate interferon signaling in response to LINE-1. (nih.gov)
In mature cells, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis are directly linked to the cell cycle machinery by a p53-dependent activation of the G1/S-phase checkpoint, leading to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Impaired ribosome biogenesis is known to activate a p53-dependent checkpoint in mature cell lines, which leads to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
Recovery from cell cycle arrest was required before recovering from on-going MEK1 cleavage and suppression of TNF-a production. (uwo.ca)
Midazolam significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells, concurring with the induction of G 0 /G 1 cell cycle arrest and blockage of Rb activation. (elsevierpure.com)
Midazolam significantly inhibited the growth and proliferation of FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells, concurring with the induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and blockage of Rb activation. (elsevierpure.com)

As loss of RPL5/RPL11 abrogates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis to the same extent as loss of other essential 60S RPs, we reasoned the loss of RPL5 and RPL11 would induce a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These results indicate that a mechanically active culture environment does impact cell survival and protein expression, and has important implications in the context of the discovery and screening of new antitumor drug therapies. (ku.edu)
Survivin is a 16 kDa anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed during fetal development and cancer cell malignancy (3). (cellsignal.com)
Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
We confirmed the prognostic capacity of in multiple self-employed datasets and studies showed the essentiality of this protein in regulating cell proliferation and survival. (2011globalhealth.org)
Because of its central role in cell division and DNA repair, the ATM protein is of great interest in cancer research. (diff.org)
Cells that are missing one copy of the ATM gene produce half the normal amount of ATM protein. (diff.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)

Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
The present study used midazolam, a benzodiazepine class anesthesic, to pharmacologically intervene in the expression of TRPM7 and to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)

Our analyses demonstrate that regulates HGSOC tumorigenesis by advertising dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)

Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
Research using in vitro cell cultures are frequently conducted under static growth conditions. (ku.edu)
We identified a colorectal cancer wherein a fast-growing tumor subclone downregulated LINE-1, prompting us to examine how LINE-1 expression affects cell growth. (nih.gov)
Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
One important factor for cell growth is ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
The present project aims to introduce microarray technology as a new analytical tool into the field of doping control analysis to gain insight in specific effects of recombinant human growth hormone (hgh) on blood cells (leukocytes). (wada-ama.org)
THP-1 cells, a model system for monocytes, were least sensitive to the application of hgh due to the lack of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production. (wada-ama.org)
The cascade continued until several weeks later, millions of cells were dividing - powering the exponential pattern of growth that eventually formed all of the organs and tissues of your body. (visionlearning.com)
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveals the hierarchical nature of tumour growth in metastatic melanoma. (frontlinegenomics.com)
Our HCC signature covered well-established liver cancer hallmarks, and network analyses revealed coordinated interaction between several MRs. One novel MR, SEC14L2 , exerted an anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells and strongly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. (aging-us.com)
The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
First, a growth factor must bind to its receptor on the cell membrane . (britannica.com)
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), a Ca 2+ -permeable channel, has been demonstrated to be present in cancer cells and involved in their growth and proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
The inhibitory activity on cancer cell growth and proliferation, combined with the TRPM-dependent mechanism, reveals the anticancer potential of midazolam as a TRPM7 inhibitor and supports the suggestion that TRPM7 is a valuable target for pharmaceutical intervention. (elsevierpure.com)
kind of unregulated cell growth can lead to the formation of cancerous tumors. (diff.org)
Hair follicles undergo continuous cycles of growth, involution and rest. (aging-us.com)
This process, referred to as the hair growth cycle, has a periodicity of weeks to months. (aging-us.com)
In mice, the two initial hair growth cycles are synchronized such that the majority of hair follicles are in a similar stage of the hair growth cycle at a given time. (aging-us.com)
But as the mouse ages, the hair growth cycles become progressively less synchronized [ 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
In order to systematically discover transcriptional activity associated with the hair growth cycle, we profiled mRNA expression at a genome-wide level over multiple time points corresponding to morphogenesis and two synchronized hair growth cycles. (aging-us.com)
The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
It has also been found that exposure to aromatic amines can lead to DNA damage through oxidative stress, which may increase genetic mutations resulting in cancerous cell growth. (preventionstartshere.org)
External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)

5FU treated ES cells showed an accumulation of cells in S-phase instead. (uni-muenchen.de)

One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)

In these same cells, the CK2 inhibitor silmitasertib displayed potent antiviral activity. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Study identifies mutated processes that acts as predictors for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy response. (frontlinegenomics.com)
Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)

Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
On the basis of the stimulatory and inhibitory messages a cell receives, it "decides" whether it should enter the cell cycle and divide. (britannica.com)

miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Other two pathways, ΔΨm/ATP/cAMP/JNK/AP-1 and ROS/Src, are also involved in LPLI-induced proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)

We identify mutations in Spy1 that ablate its ability to activate Cdk2 and to proliferate cells. (escholarship.org)
Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
disorder have mutations in both copies of the ATM gene in each cell. (diff.org)
The mutations of BRCA2 gene predispose the cells towards neoplastic development. (biomedcentral.com)

Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)

This is linked to the lack of a functional G1/S-phase checkpoint, which allows the cells to enter the S-phase almost directly after mitosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of the parent cell splits into two identical nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
Likewise, a checkpoint during mitosis ensures that the cell's spindle fibres are properly aligned in metaphase before the chromosomes are separated in anaphase. (britannica.com)

Single cell RNA sequencing of endothelial cell heterogeneity in breast cancer identifies lipid-processing subtype that could offer a potential route for future treatment regimes ( Nature ). (frontlinegenomics.com)

Hodgkin lymphoma is a localized or disseminated malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphoreticular system, primarily involving lymph node tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. (msdmanuals.com)

The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)

from G1 to S phase and G2 to M phase checkpoints. (wikipedia.org)
By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, no robust accumulation of cells in G1-phase was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Yph1p levels were high in proliferating cells, but declined as cells entered the quiescent phase. (rupress.org)
Checkpoints at the end of G1 and at the beginning of G2 are designed to assess DNA for damage before and after S phase. (britannica.com)
ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
There was no significant change in the S phase in mice were treated DPE 125 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, while administration of DPE 250 mg/kg BW was able to increase the percentage of cells in S phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)

Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

We show that the effects on cell cycle progression stemmed from reduced ribosome content and translational capacity, which suppressed the accumulation of cyclins at the translational level. (nih.gov)
During this work, the function of the proteins Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12, which were shown previously to be involved in ribosome biogenesis of mature cell lines, was investigated in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)

Importantly, we validated that mediates cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in ovarian malignancy. (2011globalhealth.org)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)

Colonic epithelial cells proliferation of group IV (DPE 250 mg/kgBW) were significantly lower than III and V groups. (biomedcentral.com)

K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. (oncotarget.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
M transition in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Results suggest leukocyte and T-cell proliferation have improved predictability performance over tumour mutational burden ( Nature ). (frontlinegenomics.com)

Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)

However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)

Proper CK2 function is necessary for survival of cells as no knockout models have been successfully generated. (wikipedia.org)
An increased concentration of substrates in cancerous cells infers a likely survival benefit to the cell, and activation of many of these substrates requires CK2. (wikipedia.org)
These data reveal novel functional roles for AMPK in regulating mTOR signaling, cell cycle, survival and metabolic responses to IR. (ucsc.edu)
PEGylated G-CSF (BBT-015), GM-CSF (BBT-007), and IL-11 (BBT-059) analogs enhance survival and hematopoietic cell recovery in a mouse model of the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome. (iu.edu)

Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. (oncotarget.com)

We have identified a histone H4 proximal promoter element, designated Site II, that mediates cell cycle transcriptional control. (elsevierpure.com)

Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)

However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating that lymphocyte proliferation does occur in humans treated with CTLA4-blocking antibodies. (snmjournals.org)
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
The T lymphocyte model cell line H9 was the most responsive. (wada-ama.org)
The B lymphocyte cell line RA-1 showed gene upregulation in the categories opioid receptor, oxidoreductase and GMP-reductase activity. (wada-ama.org)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overexpression of cyclophilins has been observed in HCC increasing proliferation, metastasis and promoting chemoresistance. (lu.se)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are principal drivers of cell division and are an important therapeutic target to inhibit aberrant proliferation. (escholarship.org)
These findings indicate that the DPE could inhibit colonic epithelial cells proliferation through p53 pathway independently. (biomedcentral.com)

J Cell Biol (2002) 158 (3): 384-385. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (2007) 179 (7): 1337-1345. (rupress.org)

However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, myeloid cells play a dual role in cancer as they can initiate antitumor responses and communicate with cells of the adaptive immune system, but also promote local inflammation leading to chronic cancer-associated inflammation ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Nevertheless, the majority of scientific discoveries points toward a more tumor-supporting role for myeloid cells in the TME. (frontiersin.org)
PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)

then we review the studies on the molecular mechanisms of LPLI-induced proliferation since January 1999, which will serve as a reference for the researchers in this field. (biomedcentral.com)

Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

The importance of AMPK expression for radiation responses was investigated using both MEFs (mouse embryo fibroblasts) double knockout for AMPK α1/α2 subunits and human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116) with AMPK α1/α2 shRNA mediated knockdown. (ucsc.edu)

The relationship between p53 and Mdm2 has been shown to be vital to the normal functioning of the human cell, and also has other implications in cancer. (shu.edu)

studies confirmed as a novel and essential mediator of cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
An investigation of PLK1 expression in DepMap found PLK1 is a critical mediator in 55 central nervous system cell lines, including eight medulloblastoma cell lines. (childrenscolorado.org)

abstract = "Proliferation is a requirement during the initial stages of cell and tissue specialization. (elsevierpure.com)

Myeloid innate immune cells, such as granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), play an important role in cancer-cell recognition, initiation of inflammation and antitumor responses ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cyclophilin overexpression is a common event in fibrotic tissues playing a key role in different stages of the fibrotic process, including inflammation, hepatocyte death, and activation of the hepatic stellate cells leading to increased collagen production. (lu.se)

During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Effects of sinusoidal magnetic field observed on cell proliferation, ion concentration, and osmolarity in two human cancer cell lines med. (emf-portal.org)
It's hard to imagine, but the cells present in a tiny embryo ultimately generate all of the cells that make up the body of an adult human being. (visionlearning.com)
In the present study, I demonstrated that a brief exposure to LeTx caused a continual MEK1 cleavage and prevented TNF-ce production in non-proliferating cells such as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or mouse primary peritoneal macrophages. (uwo.ca)
NV556 treatment in an in vitro 3D human liver Extracellular Matrix (ECM) cultured with a TGFβ1-activated human hepatic stellate cell line led to decreased collagen production. (lu.se)
Інфекція вірусом імунодефіциту людини (ВІЛ) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)

BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Cancer cells exploit Spy1 to stimulate proliferation through inappropriate activation of Cdks, yet the mechanism is unknown. (escholarship.org)
Third, this activation must stimulate a signal to be transmitted, or transduced, from the receptor at the cell surface to the nucleus within the cell. (britannica.com)

Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Findings suggest therapeutic strategies should be aimed at interfering with cancer cell reprogramming of microenvironment cues ( Nature ). (frontlinegenomics.com)
The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)

Activated Akt inhibited GSK3 and prevented proteasome-mediated cyclin D1 degradation in LeTx-intoxicated THP-1 cells. (uwo.ca)

Long-term hematopoietic stem cell damage in a murine model of the hematopoietic syndrome of the acute radiation syndrome. (iu.edu)

Anatomy27

Organisms9

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Differentiation6

Apoptosis15

Replication12

Kinase9

Cellular10

Signaling pathway1

Genes23

Lead to cell proliferation1

Regulation9

Inhibition4

Inhibits3

Arrest11

Protein12

Cancer cell proliferation2

Regulates2

Growth25

Accumulation of cells in S-phase1

Rapid proliferation2

Inhibitor5

Inhibitory2

Pathways5

Mutations4

Epithelial cell1

Mitosis3

Endothelial1

Malignant1

Viability1

Phase8

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Ribosome4

Malignancy2

Significantly1

Transition3

Leukocyte1

Progression through the cell cycle1

Mechanisms of cell1

Survival4

Enzymatic activity1

Transcriptional1

Tightly2

Cytokines2

Lymphocyte4

Metastasis2

Inhibit2

Biol2

Myeloid cells7

19991

Proteins involved1

Knockdown1

Implications1

Mediator2

Abstract1

Inflammation2

Undergo1

Human5

Gene expression1

Stimulate2

Immune cells1

Microenvironment2

Cyclin1

Hematopoietic stem1