• Tight control of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells exists to control proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. (benthamscience.com)
  • Differentiation and apoptosis have cell cycle withdraw in common, while cancer and degenerative processes both show altered control of the cell cycle. (benthamscience.com)
  • Even though its sequence along with its expressional pattern in cancer cell lines are evident, the functional aspects concerning cell proliferation, viability, differentiation and cell cycle regulation of NDRG1 remains vague. (scirp.org)
  • These results revealed that NDRG1 is functional in prostate cancer cells and able to induce expression of differentiation factors through p53 independent pathway. (scirp.org)
  • T. Napso, N. Azzam, A. Lerner and F. Fares, " N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 1 Increases Differentiation Factors Level in Human Prostate Cancer Cells without Affecting Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Profiles," Journal of Cancer Therapy , Vol. 4 No. 2, 2013, pp. 568-574. (scirp.org)
  • A Novel Gene Which Is Up-Regulated during Colon Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Down-Regulated in Colorectal Neoplasms," Laboratory Investigation: A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, Vol. 77, No. 1, 1997, pp. 85-92. (scirp.org)
  • Regulation of this protein is associated to cell proliferation, cell differentiation and viral infection. (prospecbio.com)
  • In the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum , loss of the CLN5 homolog, cln5 , impacts various cellular and developmental processes including cell proliferation, cytokinesis, aggregation, cell adhesion, and terminal differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Integrated study of cells and living organisms, with emphasis on the basic mechanisms involved in the following processes: duplication and transmission of genetic information and its expression, development, differentiation, cell proliferation, biogenesis of organelles and cellular structures, interactions among cells, biomolecular bases of behavior and evolution. (unict.it)
  • At present, much research is focused on elucidating the links between CDK/cyclin complexes and signal transduction pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation and death. (unibas.ch)
  • They are involved in any biological processes such as the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, signaling, and defense responses through their spatio-temporal expression manner. (cmbr-journal.com)
  • this system utilizes proteins from a pathway in mammalian (and other eukaryotic) cells that play a central role in proliferation, gene expression, differentiation, mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis and is a perturbation target of contemporary therapies for various types of cancers. (sontaglab.org)
  • In-depth study of small non-coding RNA molecules confirmed that microRNA (miR) has an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and development processes ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, abnormalities in the differentiation process, and continuous shedding of the thickened epidermis are characteristics of psoriasis (Figures 1 (a) and 1 (b)) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In previously reports , Plasmodium vivax was found to be able to directly inhibited erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, in vitro cultures of erythroid cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells has demonstrated that P. vivax is able to directly inhibit erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • Western Blotting was used to determine the level of expression of CDC2 protein as measure to quantify down regulation of CDC2 expression along with use of flow cytometry to investigate effect of shRNAs on cell cycles and detection of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CDC2 caused efficient deletion of CDC2, cellular G2/M arrest concluding in apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells U251 and SHG-44 cell lines ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins: its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Which signaling pathways are fundamental for describing HMGB1 signal transduction, and what mechanisms are responsible to explain recent results linking overexpression of HMGB1 with decrease of apoptosis (and increased cancer cell survival)? (biomedcentral.com)
  • New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, increasing evidence suggests a role of UBQLNs in diverse types of cancers due to their activities in the modulation of important players of cell cycle, apoptosis, membrane receptors, DNA repairs, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and miRNAs. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Additional processes in which mitochondria are involved include heat production, storage of calcium ions, calcium signaling, programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cellular proliferation. (justia.com)
  • These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, these genes were classified into 11 functional groups including transcription factors, cell cycle related factors, apoptosis regulators, kinases and metabolism-related proteins, etc. (edu.hk)
  • Gain of function and loss of function experiments showed that PDCD4 induced turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • PDCD4 induces turnover (proliferation and apoptosis) of HUVECs. (plos.org)
  • We show that the depletion of Mcl-1 is sufficient to induce apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • A multitude of pathways control cyclin-dependent kinase activities as the major event for cell cycle progression. (benthamscience.com)
  • Unpredictably, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and DNA synthesis were unaffected fol lowing NDRG1 expression. (scirp.org)
  • However, the pathway downstream NDRG1, involving p21 and c8/18, regulating cell cycle progression and DNA synthesis is unfunctional. (scirp.org)
  • Abnormalities in cell cycle regulation are reported to be strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EIF5B (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5B) is a conserved eukaryotic translation factor that mediates association of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits during eukaryotic translation initiation, and modulates the cell cycle progression by regulating the translation of upstream open reading frames (uORF)-containing mRNAs such as p27 and p21 [ 3 ]. (techscience.com)
  • These data suggest that EIF5B functions as an oncogene that promotes cancer cell growth, survival, and progression. (techscience.com)
  • Hence, cell cycle progression is closely guarded against major sources of errors, in particular DNA damage and misalignment of replicated chromosomes on the mitotic spindle. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • LPLI-induced cell cycle progression can be regulated by the activation or elevated expressions of cell cycle-specific proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • US 20130022666 provides compositions comprising a lipid carrier and mitochondria as well as methods of delivering exogenous mitochondria to a cell and methods of treating or reversing progression of a disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in a mammalian subject in need thereof. (justia.com)
  • During growth, genes associated with protein ubiquitination/deubiquitination, cell cycle progression, and proteasomal degradation were affected, while genes linked to protein and carbohydrate catabolism were affected during early development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)
  • Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
  • Activation of the Ras-MAPK-Erk and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways both culminate in activation of transcriptional programs, as well as cyclin dependant kinases, that lead to progression through the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current evidence indicates that, through either of these pathways, HER2 signaling can regulate c-Myc, a multifunctional transcription factor involved in cell cycle progression (see [ 4 ] and references therein). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient levels of insulin to meet the metabolic demand. (jci.org)
  • Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a multiprotein complex that functions during the initiation phase of eukaryotic translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the functional role of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (EIF5B) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms. (techscience.com)
  • Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • EIF4EBP2 belongs to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein family. (prospecbio.com)
  • It can also compete with eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)4G and RNA for eIF4A binding and trap eIF4A in an inactive conformation to inhibit translation initiation via its two highly conserved MA3 domains [3] - [6] . (plos.org)
  • The mTOR signaling complex 1 (mTORC1) helps maintaining protein synthesis through phosphorylation of at least two direct targets, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks) [ 3 ] that regulate the activity of EIF4F, a heterotrimeric complex required for the cap-dependent ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In the glioma cells, EIF5B promotes cell survival by enhancing the translation of several IRES-containing mRNAs including those encoding anti-apoptotic proteins such as XIAP and Bcl-xL [ 4 ]. (techscience.com)
  • Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cell cycle is strictly regulated and controlled by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 1 ], comprised of hundreds of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • However, this activation was kept in check both by specific proteins that were called "negative regulators" and by a series fo cells in teh immune system called 'regulatory cells' (including regulatory T cells or Tregs, myeloid derived suppressor cells or MDSCs, and possibly regulatory dendritic cells). (modianolab.org)
  • We pursued the concept of intrinsic negative regulation and showed that proteins such as NFATc2, Tob-1, and TGF-beta are important intrinsic negative regulators of T cell activation. (modianolab.org)
  • Characterisation of a cluster of genes encoding Theileria annulata AT hook DNA-binding proteins and evidence for localisation to the host cell nucleus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The regulated expression and degradation of proteins are critical to all aspects of cell development and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently, a different set of CDK/cyclin complexes triggers the phosphorylation of numerous proteins to promote the profound structural reorganizations that accompany the entry of cells into mitosis. (unibas.ch)
  • Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • We used cell lines as an in vitro model of HER2-overexpressing cells in order to evaluate how anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, and pro-apoptotic Puma and Bim impact on their survival, and to investigate how the constitutive expression of these proteins is regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
  • Our study shows that the combination of paclitaxel and metformin has synergistic effect on cell survival and suppresses the expression of proteins involved in cancer metastasis. (ksdb.org)
  • We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
  • These findings suggest that parasite proteins are able to inhibit erythroid cell growth by down-regulation of ezrin phosphorylation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis ultimately resulting in severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In fact, our work showed that the machinery that controls proliferation in lymphocytes was similar to that present in other cells (remarkably, this is similar to the machinery that controls cell division in all eukaryotic organisms, including yeast! (modianolab.org)
  • The three main pathways used to generate energy in eukaryotic organisms are glycolysis and the citric acid cycle/oxidative phosphorylation, both components of cellular respiration, and beta-oxidation. (justia.com)
  • The Cell theory: cells and organisms. (unict.it)
  • These molecules have been identified in eukaryotic organisms such as mammals and plants and even in viruses. (cmbr-journal.com)
  • Overview of Fungal Infections Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that exist as yeast, molds, or both forms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The transcription factor Sp1 plays a key role in the activation of many cellular and viral gene promoters, including those that are regulated during the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we analyze the activity and binding of Sp3 on several eukaryotic promoters that contain G/C boxes and are known to be regulated during cellular proliferation and the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • The cell cycle is a complex process with myriad genes involved and elaborate and complex signaling mechanisms to allow for this critical cellular process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of vector control K562 cells with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1 recapitulated the growth kinetics, vacuolar morphology and LC3-II accumulation of CSN2 knockdown cells indicating that the cellular phenotype of CSN2 cells arises from autophagy inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
  • We focus on cellular signalling networks including various post-translational modification cascades, phosphotransfer and phosphorelay networks, T-cell kinetic proofreading, ERK signaling, and the Ribosome Flow Model. (sontaglab.org)
  • This post-translational control of eukaryotic cellular machinery is a hallmark of pathways that respond to different stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two biochemical processes, protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and ubiquitin-mediated degradation drive cell cycle control. (benthamscience.com)
  • In the HCC cells, activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and IkB phosphorylation was significantly reduced by EIF5B silencing. (techscience.com)
  • HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In mouse hepatocytes, p38γ induces proliferation after partial hepatectomy by promoting the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein at known CDK target residues. (nature.com)
  • The N-terminal phosphorylation of RB by p38 bypasses its inactivation by CDKs and prevents proliferation in cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the signature had close interactions with immune-related pathways and was closely related to CD8 T cells and monocytes in the tumor environment. (scielo.br)
  • Other two pathways, ΔΨm/ATP/cAMP/JNK/AP-1 and ROS/Src, are also involved in LPLI-induced proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The conventional wisdom then, and until a few years ago was that, because T cells are highly specific (they only recognize one antigen among the millions possible), they would remain quiescent until they saw their precise antigen and would be driven through the cell cycle by pathways that regulate the cell cycle machinery. (modianolab.org)
  • The antioxidant activity in vitro, anti-inflammatory effects on the macrophage cell model, as well as the anti-pulmonary inflammation effects on the LPS-induced mice model, have been explored to investigate the potential anti-pneumonia role of the decoction. (bvsalud.org)
  • On the in vitro level, 'P-O' pre-treatment reduced the secretion of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while promoting the concentration of IL-10. (bvsalud.org)
  • Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Under in vitro conditions, changes in the proliferation and invasion ability were detected in myeloma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
  • CyclinE is a cell cycle regulatory protein which regulates the G1-S phase transition during cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We followed up this analysis by showing that loss of cln5 alters the intracellular and extracellular amounts of proliferation repressors during growth and increases the extracellular amount of conditioned medium factor, which regulates cAMP signalling during the early stages of development. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have been interested in how the human HMGB1 gene is regulated as well as how HMGB1 regulates other genes in the cell. (edu.hk)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • In mammals, this effect is compensated for by increased mitochondrial protein stability and upregulation of the citric acid cycle. (edu.au)
  • The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)
  • The two main routes for eukaryotic intracellular protein clearance are the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
  • Passage through the cell cycle requires the successive activation of different cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). (unibas.ch)
  • Recent studies indicate that nutrient fluctuations and insulin resistance increase proinsulin synthesis in β cells beyond the capacity for folding of nascent polypeptides within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thereby disrupting ER homeostasis and triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR). (jci.org)
  • However, paclitaxel induced the activation of ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a cell signaling pathway implicated in cell survival and proliferation. (ksdb.org)
  • This protein is induced by treatment with hypolipidemic agents in parallel with peroxisome proliferation and stimulation of the peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • We conclude that CSN2 is required for CSN integrity and the stability of individual CSN subunits, and postulate that CSN2 loss results in a phenotype distinct from that of cells lacking CSN5 possibly as a consequence of altered CSN5 activity within a resultant CSN subcomplex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
  • Down-regulation of EIF5B significantly decreased proliferation and invasiveness of the HCC cells. (techscience.com)
  • Down-regulation of EIF5B also increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). (techscience.com)
  • Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2) gene regulation by miR-21 on the occurrence, development and tumor metastasis in multiple myeloma (MM). The miR‑21 expression lentiviral vector (LV)‑anti‑miR‑21 and a liposome transfection method were used to screen MM cell lines with stable silent SPRY2. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, a phosphoproteomic approach was performed to dissect the molecular mechanism of phosphoprotein regulation, which is involved in the inhibitory effect of parasites on erythroid cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This result suggests that phospho-ezrin is important for actin cytoskeleton regulation during erythroid cell growth and division. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1994, through application of broad range molecular cell signal transduction and possibly eukaryotic transcrip- amplification and DNA sequencing, the causative agent tion. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, this induced mitochondrial stress signaling, which enables the recovery of mitochondrial translation via mitochondrial biogenesis, telomerase expression, and cell proliferation, and thereby normalizes metabolism. (edu.au)
  • Herein, we address the complex crosstalk that involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial destabilization accompanied by mitophagy, and cell death. (hindawi.com)
  • Well-nourished cells in a favorable environment (well supplied with growth factors, cytokines, and/or hormones and free from stresses, ionizing radiation, etc.) will grow, replicate their genome, and divide into two daughter cells, fully prepared to repeat the process. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • The topology of the network seems to play crucial roles in maintaining the stability of the genome during cell proliferation. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • Nonetheless, as discussed above, new studies have shown that an alteration of UBQLNs expression levels and/or a formation of proteinaceous UBQLNs-containing cytoplasmic aggregates are certain conditions that lead to abnormal cell growth and genome instability [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The nuclear genome - Cell organelles. (unict.it)
  • Eukaryotic cells compact their large genome into highly ordered chromatin structures within the nucleus. (aging-us.com)
  • As a double-edged sword, autophagy in cancer cells could either suppress or promote tumorigenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • however, purvalanol triggered autophagy, which functions as a cell survival mechanism at early time-points. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Frequently, low doses of natural chemical products activate an adaptive stress response, whereas high doses activate acute responses like autophagy and cell death. (hindawi.com)
  • CSN2 knockdown resulted in non-apoptotic cell death associated with accumulation of both the autophagy marker LC3-II and autophagic vacuoles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation of CDC2 could potentialy inhibit human gliomas cells growth ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antidiabetic drug metformin has been reported to inhibit cell proliferation and metastasis in many cancers, including melanoma. (ksdb.org)
  • Mitochondria perform numerous essential tasks in the eukaryotic cell such as pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle and metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and steroids. (justia.com)
  • However, the precise function of CLN5 in the cell and the pathway(s) regulating its function are not well understood. (frontiersin.org)
  • Yet asexuality - production of progeny through proliferation of mitotic cell-lineages - is found in over one half of all eukaryotic phyla, and is likely to contribute to adaptive changes, as suggested by recent evidence from both animals and plants. (edu.au)
  • CSN5 knockdown caused mitotic defects, G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • K. Kokame, H. Kato and T. Miyata, "Homocysteine-Respondent Genes in Vascular Endothelial Cells Identified by Differential Display Analysis. (scirp.org)
  • Finally, consistent with the differential expression of genes associated with proteasomal degradation in cln5 - cells, we also observed elevated amounts of a proteasome subunit and reduced proteasome 20S activity during cln5 - growth and starvation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Classification and structure of eukaryotic, prokaryotic and viral genes. (unict.it)
  • The expression profiles of these two cell lines were compared using cDNA microarray and the genes differentially expressed at a significant level were identified in these two cell lines. (edu.hk)
  • Among these genes, 96 were down regulated and 76 were up regulated in the HMGB1 suppressed MCF-7 cells. (edu.hk)
  • The expression levels of the p53 and MDM2 genes were found to be significantly lower in the HMGB1 down-regulated MCF-7 cells. (edu.hk)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • In this review article we examine closely the molecular mechanisms that maintain genomic integrity during the cell division cycle, and we find an unexpected and intriguing arrangement of concatenated and nested bistable toggle switches. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • then we review the studies on the molecular mechanisms of LPLI-induced proliferation since January 1999, which will serve as a reference for the researchers in this field. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
  • Transient cotransfections of Drosophila cells with Sp1 and Sp3 expression vectors and with the histone H4, thymidine kinase (TK), or dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) promoters show that only the DHFR promoter, containing multiple functional GC boxes, displays Sp3 repression of Sp1 activation. (nih.gov)
  • Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of genomic instability, genotoxicity, mutations and consequent increased cell proliferation are still a matter of intense research. (benthamscience.com)
  • However, the mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by LPLI are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation: the cycle and related control mechanisms. (unict.it)
  • Mechanisms of interaction between cells. (unict.it)
  • Fifteen micromoles of purvalanol induced a reduction in cell viability by 20 and 35% within 24 and 48 h, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To address this, we investigated what role anti- and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, key regulators of cancer cell survival, might play in the viability of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Excess HER2 signaling leads to numerous oncogenic processes, including cell proliferation and survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Particularly affected was ezrin (phosphorylated at Thr567), which is normally localized to gEC cell extension peripheral processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • EIF5B promotes HCC proliferation and invasion by increasing ASAP1 expression [ 5 ]. (techscience.com)
  • Fig. 1: p38γ phosphorylates Rb and promotes liver proliferation after PHx. (nature.com)
  • This cycle of DNA replication and division underlies all aspects of biological growth, reproduction, repair and development. (cellcycle.org.uk)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
  • Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
  • We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • While canonical histones H3.1 and H3.2 are synthetized and loaded during DNA replication, the histone variant H3.3 is expressed and deposited into the chromatin throughout the cell cycle. (aging-us.com)
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process involved in cancer metastasis wherein cancer cells with epithelial characteristics acquire mesenchymal characteristics such as increased motility, invasion, and survival [ 6 ]. (techscience.com)
  • 1 Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA. (nih.gov)
  • To reveal the roles of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in human malignant gliomas, CDC2 in glioma cell line, it was down-regulated by retrovirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of malignant plasma cell and has a high incidence in malignant tumors of the blood system, accounting for ~2% of the total mortality of cancer ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Melanoma is a malignant cancer that arises from the transformation of melanocyte, the melanin-synthesizing cell in the skin. (ksdb.org)
  • Using antibodies specific for Sp1 and Sp3, we observe that both of these factors localize to the cell nucleus and have a similar, dispersed subnuclear distribution. (nih.gov)
  • Nuclear transfer efficiency is enhanced by introduction of compatible cytoplasm or mitochondrial DNA (same species or similar to donor cell or nucleus). (justia.com)
  • As scaffolding molecules, they significantly regulate the DNA packaging into the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. (aging-us.com)
  • In addition to their deregulated proliferation, HER2 overexpressing cells exhibit altered survival signals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In both genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance, CHOP deficiency improved β cell ultrastructure and promoted cell survival. (jci.org)
  • Here, we investigated the combinatory effect of paclitaxel and metformin on the cell survival in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell line. (ksdb.org)
  • However, most GEP studies have typically been performed on whole tissue samples, containing varying degrees of tumor cell content, which results in uncertainties in data analysis. (lu.se)
  • The data suggest that Sp3 may contribute to the control of proliferation- and/or cell-regulated promoters depending upon the context and/or number of functional Sp1 binding sites. (nih.gov)
  • The present invention provides stem cells enriched with healthy functional mitochondria, and therapeutic methods utilizing such cells for the alleviation of debilitating conditions, including aging, and age-related diseases as well as the debilitating effects of anti-cancer therapies in subjects in need thereof. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates to stem cells enriched with functional mitochondria, and therapeutic methods utilizing such cells to diminish the debilitating effects of various conditions, including aging and age-related diseases as well as the debilitating effects of anti-cancer therapy treatments. (justia.com)
  • Structural and functional organization of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (unict.it)
  • B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
  • In this study, an anti-sense strategy was used to suppress the HMGB1 expression level in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. (edu.hk)
  • We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
  • However, the action of PDCD4 in endothelial cells is unclear. (plos.org)
  • Vascular endothelial cells, as a monolayer in direct contact with the flowing blood, bear the most of the wall shear stresses and have important homeostatic functions in response to stress [16] . (plos.org)
  • Additionally, cln5 - cells displayed increased intracellular and extracellular amounts of discoidin, which is involved in cell-substrate adhesion and migration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, human cDNA of NDRG1 from normal placenta was cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector and transfected into the three cancer cell lines. (scirp.org)
  • Loss of sensitivity to p21 cell cycle control may be associated with prostatic cancer behavior. (scirp.org)
  • Furthermore, EIF5B knockdown suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. (techscience.com)
  • Furthermore, cancer cells undergoing EMT phenotypic changes also acquire drug resistance [ 7 ]. (techscience.com)
  • A subset of cancer cells undergoing EMT acquire characteristics of stem cells and are designated as cancer stem cells (CSCs) [ 8 ]. (techscience.com)
  • Olomoucine, roscovitine and purvalanol are examples of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) designed and investigated for their apoptotic potential on cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In future, a better understanding of the cell cycle machinery and its deregulation during oncogenesis may provide novel opportunities for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer and other proliferation-related diseases. (unibas.ch)
  • Anti-apoptotic signals induced downstream of HER2 are known to contribute to the resistance to current treatments of breast cancer cells that overexpress this member of the EGFR family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This work establishes that, in HER2-overexpressing tumors, it is necessary, and maybe sufficient, to therapeutically impact on the Mcl-1/Bim balance for efficient induction of cancer cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer Lett, 300:215-224.doi:10.1016/j. squamous cell carcinoma in north-eastern Iran. (who.int)
  • 99:209 -215.doi:10.1007/s11060 - 010 - 0129 -5 cell carcinoma-a population-based study in with and without cervical cancer in Tbilisi, Georgia. (who.int)
  • Although treatment strategies changed from traditional chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to novel targeted drug therapy, the outcome was not improved ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Patients with prolonged neutropenia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy and patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics and high doses of corticosteroids are predisposed to fungal infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)
  • Conditional knockout of α1A adrenergic receptors in OPCs suppresses spontaneous and locomotion-induced Ca 2+ increases and reduces OPC proliferation. (nature.com)
  • We generated yeast and mouse models with error-prone and hyper-accurate mitochondrial translation, and found that translation rate is more important than translational accuracy for cell function in mammals. (edu.au)
  • To the best of the authors' knowledge, no computational model has been proposed to investigate the importance of HMGB1 in tumor proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An MCF-7 cell line that expresses HMGB1 at only half the level of the original cell line was established. (edu.hk)
  • This indicates the importance of HMGB1 in p53 expression and cell cycle checkpoint control. (edu.hk)
  • An HMGB1 expression plasmid together with the p53, the MDM2 or the E2F1 promoter-containing reporter plasmid were co-transfected into the MCF-7, the HMGB1 suppressed MCF-7 and the p53-null human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell lines to examine the transcriptional effects of exogenous HMGB1 on these promoters. (edu.hk)
  • WO 2013/002880 describes compositions and methods comprising bio-energetic agents for restoring the quality of aged oocytes, enhancing oogonial stem cells or improving derivatives thereof (e.g., cytoplasm or isolated mitochondria) for use in fertility-enhancing procedures. (justia.com)
  • This study describes the first comparative phosphoproteome analysis of growing erythroid cells (gECs), derived from human haematopoietic stem cells, exposed to lysates of infected erythrocytes (IE)/uninfected erythrocytes (UE) for 24, 48 and 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation is a very important physiological effect for low power laser irradiation (LPLI) used in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, cln5 - cells displayed reduced β-hexosaminidase activity, which aligns with previous work showing that D. discoideum Cln5 and human CLN5 can cleave the substrate acted upon by β-hexosaminidase. (frontiersin.org)