Neuronal PlasticityCell DedifferentiationCell TransdifferentiationCell DifferentiationStem CellsCell LineageRegenerationStem Cell TransplantationEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionEpithelial CellsMesodermPhenotypeHematopoietic Stem CellsCell MovementSignal TransductionTransforming Growth Factor betaLong-Term PotentiationModels, BiologicalSynapsesCells, CulturedHippocampusSynaptic TransmissionNeuronsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsLong-Term Synaptic DepressionLearningDominance, OcularDendritic SpinesReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateElectric StimulationCritical Period (Psychology)Receptors, AMPAMemoryDendritesModels, NeurologicalAdaptation, PhysiologicalRats, Sprague-DawleyBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorPyramidal CellsPatch-Clamp TechniquesAction PotentialsBehavior, AnimalVisual CortexPresynaptic TerminalsNeural InhibitionNerve NetSomatosensory CortexNeural PathwaysExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsVibrissaeTime FactorsMice, Inbred C57BLAnimals, NewbornBrainNerve Tissue ProteinsCA1 Region, HippocampalCerebral CortexRats, Long-EvansDentate GyrusAuditory CortexAnalysis of VarianceSynaptic PotentialsConditioning (Psychology)Maze LearningElectrophysiologyFearEnvironmentMotor CortexMice, KnockoutEvoked Potentials, MotorCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2Transcranial Magnetic StimulationReceptors, Metabotropic GlutamateAmygdalaConditioning, ClassicalOrgan Culture TechniquesInterneuronsGlutamic AcidPerforant PathwayRats, Wistar2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerateMice, TransgenicGAP-43 ProteinNeurogenesisAcoustic StimulationAplysiaCerebellumReceptor, trkBAgingThalamusMossy Fibers, HippocampalNeurotransmitter AgentsBiological EvolutionVisual PathwaysBasal Nucleus of MeynertMotor SkillsN-MethylaspartateAfferent PathwaysSynaptophysinNeocortex