Cell organization membrane separation liquid phases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cell membranes are composed of lipids and proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Whether and how lipid peroxidation impacts the lateral organization of proteins and lipids in biological membranes, however, remains poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
Peroxidation also leads to preferential accumulation of peroxidized lipids and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts in the disordered phase, decreased lipid packing in both raft and non-raft domains, and translocation of multiple classes of proteins out of rafts. (bvsalud.org)
The caveolins, a family of monotopic membrane proteins, form the inner layer of the caveolar coat. (bvsalud.org)
Caveolins have long been implicated in the generation of membrane curvature, in addition to serving as scaffolds for signaling proteins. (bvsalud.org)
The contributors discuss the 3D organization of chromatin, the various nuclear bodies and compartments that have been identified, and the roles of RNA and actin in shaping nuclear organization, as well as how these structures interact with each other and with peripheral features (e.g., the nuclear pore complex and inner nuclear membrane proteins) to carry out the work of the nucleus. (cshlpress.com)
Studying the architecture, conformational dynamics and interactions of proteins that undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. (leeds.ac.uk)
Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. (frontiersin.org)
Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. (frontiersin.org)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)
Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
From monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins to the most advanced cell and gene therapies, our comprehensive set of products and services will accelerate your workflows, reduce risk, and get you to the finish line faster. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Engineered cells produce proteins that allow scientists to turn cellular processes on and off. (the-scientist.com)
Far from being inert fat-storage depots within cells, these lipid-loaded organelles recruit immune proteins and block bacterial growth. (the-scientist.com)
GPI-anchored proteins do not reside in ordered domains in the live cell plasma membrane. (mpg.de)
Hydrophobic mismatch sorts SNARE proteins into distinct membrane domains. (mpg.de)
A near-infrared fluorophore for live-cell super-resolution microscopy of cellular proteins. (mpg.de)
SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 14 functional open reading frames (ORFs), including two regions (ORF1a and ORF1b) for 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1-Nsp16), nine regions for nine putative accessory proteins, and other regions for four structural proteins, spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins [ 5 - 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
After being entry, the viral and host membranes can fuse together and then release the positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 that directly translates into the structural and nonstructural proteins [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
To date, two-thirds of fALS are associated with mutations in any of more than 25 genes [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], encoding proteins involved in protein homeostasis, RNA metabolism, vesicular trafficking, and cytoskeletal organization. (en-journal.org)
Infection by envelope viruses is mediated by fusion proteins on the virus surface and requires exposure of a fusion peptide (FP), which inserts into the target membrane. (cnr.it)
MitoNEET belongs to the CDGSH Iron-Sulfur Domain (cisd)-gene family of proteins and is a [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing protein found on the outer membrane of mitochondria. (researchgate.net)
To form these phase-separated compartments, HCMV uses its UL112-113 proteins. (leibniz-liv.de)
In the study now published in Cell Reports , the research team led by Prof. Wolfram Brune (HPI) and Prof. Jens B. Bosse (MHH, CSSB, HPI) used live-cell imaging and photo-oligomerization methods to show that the HCMV proteins UL112-113 undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, which supports the formation of replication compartments in the nucleus. (leibniz-liv.de)
Phase separation by the UL112-113 proteins is not only important for the spatial organization of HCMV pre-replication compartments, but also essential for the recruitment of proteins for viral DNA replication,' Prof. Jens B. Bosse, head of the HPI-associated Quantitative Virology group, comments on the results. (leibniz-liv.de)
While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)

Recent studies found Axin ( 6 ) and the DC ( 7 ) undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and drive DC assembly. (rupress.org)
Swi6 - an HP1 orthologue in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) - can both undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and compact nucleosomes in vitro [Sanulli, 2018]. (emerging-researchers.org)
N protein can also undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with viral genome RNA and inhibit stress granules to facilitate viral replication and assembly. (ijbs.com)

Her early work "Separation of liquid phases in giant vesicles of ternary mixtures of phospholipids and cholesterol" used fluorescence microscopy to observe a mixture of saturated and unsaturated lipids and observed microscopic separations of two coexisting liquid phases-miscibility transition. (wikipedia.org)
Actin dynamics provides membrane tension to merge fusing vesicles into the plasma membrane. (ki.se)
Here, we employ cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) as a model to investigate the impact of lipid peroxidation on ordered membrane domains, often termed membrane rafts. (bvsalud.org)
In turn, only recently surface-sensitive techniques have explored the phase behaviour of lipid layers in contact with solid surfaces, such as supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and supported layers of vesicles (SLVs). (hindawi.com)
The NEXUS project will develop an easily customizable integrated platform to enable Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) separation, purification, and multivariate characterization from complex biofluids. (cnr.it)
We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)

Liquid-liquid phase separation in cells has emerged as a common principle for the organization of membrane-less compartments. (ki.se)
In nerve terminals in the central nervous system, liquid-liquid phase separation has been implicated in the organization or assembly of several functional compartments. (ki.se)
Many cellular compartments are enclosed by membranes, with channels, pores and transporters regulating their composition. (leeds.ac.uk)
A technique that reversibly bundles tagged cargo into artificial membraneless compartments gives scientists the ability to switch cell processes on and off. (the-scientist.com)
From making ribosomes to protecting the integrity of the genome, these membraneless compartments play important roles in the cell. (the-scientist.com)
The 19th Annual Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences celebrated a breakthrough in cell biology: how membrane-less cellular compartments are formed. (hymanlab.org)
A research team from the Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI) and the Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) has now shown that the formation of phase-separated compartments around viral genomes is necessary to recruit the viral DNA polymerase. (leibniz-liv.de)
Upon HCMV infection, the virus replicates its DNA genome in specialized replication compartments in the nucleus of the host cell. (leibniz-liv.de)
These phase-separated pre-replication compartments are necessary to recruit viral DNA polymerase for viral genome replication. (leibniz-liv.de)
Our results show that phase separation is crucial for the formation of pre-replication compartments and viral DNA replication. (leibniz-liv.de)
Human cytomegalovirus forms phase-separated compartments at viral genomes to facilitate viral replication. (leibniz-liv.de)

Keller studies the organization of lipids in membranes. (wikipedia.org)
2017, Avanti Award in Lipids, Biophysical Society 2014, Thomas E. Thompson Award, Membrane Structure and Assembly Subgroup (MSAS) Symposium 2013, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 2011, Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS). (wikipedia.org)
The peroxidation of membrane lipids by free radicals contributes to aging, numerous diseases, and ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. (bvsalud.org)
Peroxidation changes the structure, conformation and physicochemical properties of lipids, leading to major membrane alterations including bilayer thinning, altered fluidity, and increased permeability. (bvsalud.org)
These findings indicate that peroxidation of plasma membrane lipids disturbs many aspects of membrane rafts, including their stability, abundance, packing, and protein and lipid composition. (bvsalud.org)
Membrane lipids cooperate with the structural components of caveolae to generate a metastable surface domain. (bvsalud.org)
They also suggest new models for how caveolins, major structural components of caveolae, insert into membranes and interact with lipids. (bvsalud.org)
Both techniques give consistent phase diagrams, which compare well with literature results, showing their capability to map the phase behaviour of pure lipids as well as lipid mixtures. (hindawi.com)
During the last decades, the approach to overcome the complexity of biological membranes is to use simplified biomimetic models mainly consisting of binary or ternary mixtures of lipids [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
One of the most debated issues in the biophysics of lipids is lipid miscibility and its relevance to the function and organization of biological membranes. (hindawi.com)

Since its inception in the mid-1970s, FRAP has been used to address an enormous array of questions including the characteristic features of lipid rafts, how cells regulate the viscosity of their cytoplasm, and the dynamics of biomolecules inside condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. (bvsalud.org)
To connect microscopic dynamics to macroscale behaviors we measured the phase diagram of a new system of microtubule filaments and end-accumulating kinesin molecular motors. (aps.org)
STED-FLCS: An advanced tool to reveal spatiotemporal heterogeneity of molecular membrane dynamics. (mpg.de)
Molecular plasma membrane dynamics dissected by STED nanoscopy and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (STED-FCS). (mpg.de)
Although it has been hypothesized that the dynamics of these interactions influence the outcome of T cell activation, methodological limitations have hindered its formal demonstration. (optobase.org)
With this Dynamics workshop, our goal is to bring together leading experts in the field of membrane dynamics, with a particular focus on neutrons and X-rays, but also complementary techniques including NMR, single molecule spectroscopy and computer modeling. (lu.se)

A total of 1187 participants from 14 hospitals completed the survey in two phases: September 2013-April 2014 and May 2015-April 2017. (pubfacts.com)
We hypothesize that swi6-sm1, an allele of Swi6, may be such a separation-of-function allele, as the mutations that comprise the swi6-sm1 allele are in the N-terminal extension, a region of Swi6 implicated in its LLPS activity [Larson, 2017]. (emerging-researchers.org)

Her current main research focus is understanding how simple lipid mixtures within bilayer membranes give rise to membrane's complex phase behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Early T cell signalling reactions are embedded in the complex and dynamic lipid bilayer matrix of the T cell plasma membrane and are critically defined by their lateral compartmentalisation in plasma membrane domains [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However specific lipid-mediated interactions at the T cell plasma membrane bilayer are also a central functional element in early TCR signalling. (biomedcentral.com)

A lipid bound actin meshwork organizes liquid phase separation in model membranes. (mpg.de)

Clifford Brangwynne, the June K. Wu '92 Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering and inaugural director of the Princeton Bioengineering Initiative, sees similarities between living cells and salad dressing, in which oil and vinegar separate according to the laws of physics. (princeton.edu)
I knew the two ﬁelds were related, because cells are doing all these crazy things that reﬂect weird material properties and states - ﬂowing and oozing and moving around," said Brangwynne, the June K. Wu '92 Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering and director of the Princeton Bioengineering Initiative. (princeton.edu)
Written by Harvard scientist Donald Ingber, "The Architecture of Life" described the structure of a cell in the same way that an engineer might explain the architecture of a building, down to the biological materials of its construction. (princeton.edu)
In 1997, Simons and Ikonen renewed the interest in lipid phase studies, suggesting that lateral phase separation in biological membranes could be functionally important [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
Separation of dibromochloromethane and bromoform from biological samples is most often achieved by headspace analysis, purge-and-trap collection, solvent extraction, or direct collection on adsorbent resins. (cdc.gov)
Mathematical frameworks have been devised to account for the self-organization of biological patterns, most famously the Turing framework. (mpi-cbg.de)
We will address how repurposing of biological and synthetic components can be used to create artificial cells for development in areas such as fuel production, drug delivery and environmental remediation. (royalsociety.org)
With a background in soft matter and biological physics, his current research interests are encompassed by the physical properties and applications of biomimetic membranes. (royalsociety.org)
Recent years have seen strong research efforts on the lipid component of biological membranes. (lu.se)
In my talk, I will show you some examples how such biological cues influence the dynamic properties of membranes. (lu.se)

Her works contributed to models of protein aggregation within membranes and the theory of membrane lateral pressure. (wikipedia.org)
From a fundamental viewpoint, the interest in lipid phase behaviour stems from the nature and the thermodynamics of phase transitions, the mechanisms behind lipid miscibility and lateral phase separation, and the existence of critical phenomena [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Membrane orientation and lateral diffusion of BODIPY-cholesterol as a function of probe structure. (mpg.de)
The methodology presented allows the amount of native membrane material in the nSLB to be precisely controlled and display a uniform lateral distribution. (lu.se)
HN - 2008 BX - Lateral Sinus MH - Atrial Septum UI - D054087 MN - A07.541.459.249 MS - The thin membrane-like muscular structure separating the right and the left upper chambers (HEART ATRIA) of a heart. (bvsalud.org)

The analysis of detergent-resistant T cell membranes had initiated the concept that early TCR signalling steps take place in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains of T cell plasma membranes [ 10 ] (see Box for an overview of the current perception of raft domains in cell membranes). (biomedcentral.com)
Partitioning, diffusion, and ligand binding of raft lipid analogs in model and cellular plasma membranes. (mpg.de)

However, in the cytoplasm and nucleus, membrane-less organelles (MLOs) form by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). (leeds.ac.uk)
Ultimately, we hope to understand the role of LLPS in chromatin organization and its potential contribution to the integrity of the nuclear envelope. (emerging-researchers.org)

Even though LRP6 is homogenously distributed in the membrane and only a minor fraction is raft-associated, its localization to lipid rafts is vital for the activation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence wnt/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid rafts are local assemblies of highly concentrated sphingolipids and cholesterol in the cell membrane. (frontiersin.org)
For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
Considerable controversy arose over the concept that cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich rafts in the T cell plasma membrane serve as a platform for TCR signalling reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
This controversy was founded on the initial definition of rafts as detergent resistant membranes which later turned out to misrepresent many features of cell membrane organisation under physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The results led to a refined perception of membrane rafts which resolves the controversies. (biomedcentral.com)

He also loved biology: he loved that innumerable cells could self-assemble into organisms that eventually walk around and talk about philosophy. (princeton.edu)
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
Unravelling this information could help in engineering more robust membranes in other organisms and in synthetic cells. (basyc.nl)
3 ) used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to examine biofilms on trickling filters in a wastewater treatment plant and showed them to be composed of a variety of organisms (based on cell morphology). (cdc.gov)

We also found that EphA2 can form liquid-liquid phase separation condensates on cell membrane, which can be disrupted by ALW-II-41-27, an inhibitor of EphA2. (aging-us.com)

Within this pathway, Dishevelled interprets and propagates signals from 19 Wnts engaging 10 Frizzled (Fzd) receptors/co-receptors embedded in the plasma membrane (PM). For years, interest in how Dishevelled receives, interprets, and relays this information has been immense. (rupress.org)
Specific recent and current research topics that contribute to the synthetic biology toolbox for development of artificial cells include membrane texturing through phase separation, artificial DNA adhesion receptors, hybrid lipid-polymer membrane systems for enhanced stability and lifetime, encapsulation of feedback-responsive systems and controlled generation of eukaryote-like membrane architectures. (royalsociety.org)

Her recent work "Hallmarks of Reversible Separation of Living, Unperturbed Cell Membranes into Two Liquid Phases" found reversible phase separations over multiple warming and cooling cycles in yeast vacuoles, taking a step further towards conditions in living cells. (wikipedia.org)

We are aiming at characterizing the signaling mechanisms that regulate the liquid-liquid phase transitions in the synaptic vesicle cycle, mitochondrial functions, and degradation pathways at nerve terminals to clarify how do they become affected at the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases and which molecular steps lead to protein aggregate formation. (ki.se)
Then he headed to Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics to work with Tony Hyman, a leader in the study of cellular structures. (princeton.edu)
This volume is therefore essential reading for all cell and molecular biologists, as well as pathologists interested in the role of nuclear architecture in disease. (cshlpress.com)
Dishevelled exerts a molecular force that guides cell fate, but how it does so remains enigmatic. (rupress.org)
The current study reports data on the membrane properties of the phytosterol (3β,5α,22 E )-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol (α-spinasterol), which represents an important component of argan oil and have not been investigated so far in molecular detail. (mdpi.com)
STED nanoscopy reveals molecular details of cholesterol- and cytoskeleton-modulated lipid interactions in living cells. (mpg.de)
Forces that shape cells and tissues can be produced by the contraction of actin filament (F-actin) meshworks by the molecular motor Myosin II (myosin). (nature.com)
Molecular Biology of the Cell. (quantabiodesign.com)
They share a common vision that the ability to build a synthetic cell from its basic constituents will result in a deep molecular understanding of life. (basyc.nl)
Here, we have engineered the Light-inducible T cell engager (LiTE) system, a recombinant optogenetics-based molecular tool targeting the T cell receptor (TCR). (optobase.org)
Aim of the project is to provide significant advancements to the knowledge on the molecular complexity underlying the anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties of the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from human term placenta. (cnr.it)

In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)

With these molecules in hand, it became possible to investigate the phase behaviour of liquid ordered/liquid disordered supported membranes doped with the Gb 3 species by means of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. (springer.com)
These complexes assemble into submicron TCR signalling domains in the T cell plasma membrane which were first studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the contact zone of a T cell with TCR-activating glass coverslips. (biomedcentral.com)
Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to monitor the distribution of TCR signalling plasma membrane sites and to relate their distribution to that of clustered raft markers which show resistance to Triton X 100 detergent solubilisation. (biomedcentral.com)
Our approach is to use live-cell imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to quantify and compare the dynamic behavior of wild-type (WT) Swi6-GFP and Swi6-sm1-GFP. (emerging-researchers.org)

Her graduate study was on the "interaction between Ion-channels and Lipid Membranes", supervised by Dr. Sol M. Gruner. (wikipedia.org)
Scanning STED-FCS reveals spatiotemporal heterogeneity of lipid interaction in the plasma membrane of living cells. (mpg.de)
We had developed a system in which the interaction of a modified T cell receptor (TCR) with an engineered ligand can be controlled by light. (optobase.org)
This study was conducted in the research department of Virus-Host-Interaction at the Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), the Quantitative Virology group (Hannover Medical School, CSSB, HPI), and the Structural Cell Biology of Viruses research department (HPI, CSSB, University of Hamburg). (leibniz-liv.de)

We show that lipid peroxidation induced by the Fenton reaction dramatically enhances phase separation propensity of GPMVs into co-existing liquid ordered (raft) and liquid disordered (non-raft) domains and increases the relative abundance of the disordered, non-raft phase. (bvsalud.org)
However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. (frontiersin.org)
Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
Raft-organisation was subsequently studied using a number of detergent-free experimental approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)

The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)
The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) provides the key signal for activation of T lymphocytes to perform their numerous effector functions in adaptive immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
These interactions and their essential functional consequences for cell surface receptor signalling reactions are excellently reviewed in [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Of them, SARS-CoV-2 S protein binds to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [ 8 , 9 ], to enter the cells. (ijbs.com)
The Eph receptor family is the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases and is a key regulator of cell growth, differentiation and motility [ 6 - 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
To mount appropriate responses, T cells integrate complex sequences of receptor stimuli perceived during transient interactions with antigen-presenting cells. (optobase.org)

A method of analysis of eight flavones using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection mass spectrometry in root and aerial tissues of the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis was developed by Christopher RH et al (2005).2 The identity of the analytes was confirmed using retention time UV-visible and mass spectral comparisons to commercial standards. (webmedcentral.com)
Composition of pigments from four species of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) collected from Panjang Island, Central Java, Indonesia, was investigated with spectroscopic method and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). (pdfslide.us)

Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with a distinct lipid composition. (bvsalud.org)

The existence of membrane-less organelles, often called bodies or puncta, has been known for a long time, but what exactly they represented and how they were formed was not known. (hymanlab.org)
Each, synergistically, made groundbreaking contributions to the discovery that membrane-less organelles are liquid-liquid phase-separated entities. (hymanlab.org)
These membrane-less organelles emerge as round structures and increase in size over time. (leibniz-liv.de)

Phase separation, so well-known in salad dressings, was unheard of in cellular biology. (princeton.edu)
Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology covers recent advances in our understanding of nuclear organization and function. (cshlpress.com)
In our research we use a mass spectrometry-based integrative structural biology toolkit, and a combination of other biochemical and biophysical techniques, to elucidate the functional mechanisms of protein complexes, and characterise dynamic and transient assemblies involved in essential cellular functions, cellular organisation and disease. (leeds.ac.uk)

We demonstrate that a mature 3D structure of mineral scaffolds holds the extracellular matrix and the bacterial cells together. (nature.com)

Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
In the Drosophila thorax, opposing gradients of Dachsous and Four-jointed expression, which are constituents of the Fat/Dachsous/Four-jointed planar cell polarity pathway, result in the polarized localization of the myosin Dachs 9 . (nature.com)

The endocytic pathway is the gateway between cells and their environment, and promotes diverse events such as nutrient uptake and cell migration. (royalsociety.org)

Recently, a model for heterochromatin organization based on distinct liquid-like phase has been proposed. (emerging-researchers.org)

Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)

The discovery that a group of cell-infecting bacteria lived roughly 2 billion years ago stirs a longstanding controversy around which came first: phagocytosis or mitochondria. (the-scientist.com)
The mitochondria stolen via these tiny connections give tumor cells a metabolic boost while the T cells are left weakened, according to in vitro experiments. (the-scientist.com)
The intracellular distribution, ultrastructure, and function of mitochondria are also impaired in patient cells. (en-journal.org)
We also show that the recruitment of the pro-apoptotic protein BCL2-associated X (BAX) to mitochondria is significantly increased in patient fibroblasts compared with control cells. (en-journal.org)

For the analysis of GSLs, they are extracted from tissues and cells using organic solvents. (springer.com)
Thus, it is critical to understand how cells orient the cytoskeleton to produce forces that deform tissues. (nature.com)
Together, our in vivo and in silico data provide a framework for understanding how cells orient force generation, establishing a role for geometrical and mechanical patterning of force production in tissues. (nature.com)
For water-insoluble materials such as fat or other tissues, the most common separation procedure is extraction with an organic solvent such as diethyl ether (Zlatkis and Kim 1976). (cdc.gov)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
The review particularly focusses on signal networks and cytoskeletal components that together control subcellular contraction patterns to perform functions on the level of cells and tissues, such as directional migration and multicellular rearrangements during development. (optobase.org)

All protein components that will provide the machinery to carry out the core functionalities eventually need to be coded on a single genome controlled and replicated by the synthetic cell itself. (basyc.nl)

Multifunctional Separation Mechanism on Poly(oxyethylene) Stationary Phases in Capillary Liquid Chromatography. (quantabiodesign.com)
Besides the function in viral life cycle, N protein can bind GSDMD to antagonize pyroptosis but promotes cell death via the Smad3-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest mechanism. (ijbs.com)
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is a member of the Eph subfamily with tyrosine kinase activity, plays a key role in the regulation of signaling pathways related to the malignant phenotype of various tumor cells, but its specific regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer needs to be further clarified. (aging-us.com)

J Cell Biol (2022) 221 (12): e202211001. (rupress.org)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

Organic extracellular matrix production as a means of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion has been extensively studied. (nature.com)
Inhibiting Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), Protein Kinase B (PKB) and Extracellular Regulated Rotein Kinases (ERK) affects cell motility and survival. (aging-us.com)
Understanding of histiologic terms requires knowledge of the anatomical layout of skin and the associated cells and extracellular matrix content that populate each layer. (medscape.com)
Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
A biofilm is an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. (cdc.gov)

Cell contraction plays an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. (optobase.org)

Keller was elected fellow for her "pioneering, fundamental experimental contributions to the understanding of miscibility phase transitions in membrane systems. (wikipedia.org)
The phase transitions of binary lipid mixtures are studied by a combination of Peltier-element-based adiabatic scanning calorimetry (pASC) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). pASC, a novel type of calorimeter, provides valuable and unambiguous information on the heat capacity and the enthalpy, whereas QCM-D is proposed as a genuine way of determining phase diagrams by analysing the temperature dependence of the viscosity. (hindawi.com)

Cell Reports (March 8, 2022). (leibniz-liv.de)

This philosophy from early in my scientific career stuck with me, and I believe was instrumental in my lab's contribution to the discovery of multivalency-driven liquid-liquid phase separation as a general principle in cell organization. (hymanlab.org)

The nucleus is the most prominent structure in eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
Despite its prominence and importance, our understanding of how the nucleus and its DNA are organized in space and time-and the implications of that organization for proper function-has lagged behind that of other cellular structures. (cshlpress.com)

https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202205069 ) show Dvl2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation to stabilize β-catenin by pulling Axin into its biomolecular condensate at the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
Biomolecular Strategies for Cell Surface Engineering. (quantabiodesign.com)

Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)

Because of such association between Par-dependent polarization and other processes, the Par-complex exhibits different behavioral characteristics in an individual context, making it difficult to determine general features of the dynamic process taking place during cell polarization by the Par-complex. (elifesciences.org)
To understand the general and dynamic characteristics of the cell polarization process induced by the Par-complex, we attempted to reconstruct Par-complex-dependent cell polarization system in a cell-autonomous manner using non-polar cells. (elifesciences.org)
Not much is known about the lipid biosynthesis of tetraether membranes which confer extremophilic characteristics to archaea. (basyc.nl)
Attachment is a complex process regulated by diverse characteristics of the growth medium, substratum, and cell surface. (cdc.gov)
For most of the history of microbiology, microorganisms have primarily been characterized as planktonic, freely suspended cells and described on the basis of their growth characteristics in nutritionally rich culture media. (cdc.gov)

Multi-protein assemblies underlie the mesoscale organization of the plasma membrane. (mpg.de)

Recently, structural MS methods have been shown to be promising tools to achieve this endeavour, including XL-MS and in-cell FPOP, yielding unprecedented insights into the structure and organisation of cellular macromolecular assemblies. (leeds.ac.uk)
This includes functions in skeletal, heart, and smooth muscle cells, which lead to highly coordinated contractions of multicellular assemblies, and functions in non-muscle cells, which are often highly localized in subcellular regions and transient in time. (optobase.org)

In this review article, we are focusing on the signaling mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in viral replication, cell death and inflammation. (ijbs.com)

Development of in cell structural MS methods. (leeds.ac.uk)
Sterols play a unique role for the structural and dynamical organization of membranes. (mdpi.com)

During Drosophila gastrulation, actomyosin contraction in ventral cells generates a long, narrow epithelial furrow, termed the ventral furrow, in which actomyosin fibres and tension are directed along the length of the furrow. (nature.com)
How epithelial cells actively respond to mechanical constraints by adjusting how they generate force is important to understand tissue morphogenesis. (nature.com)
In the Drosophila embryo, apical constriction in a strip of epithelial cells along the ventral midline results in the folding of the tissue and the internalization of ventral cells, forming a ventral furrow (VF). (nature.com)
Saline shifts myeloperoxidase activity in epithelial or phagocytic cells to produce hypochlorous acid. (springer.com)

In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that control cell contraction in space and time in non-muscle cells, and how they can be investigated by light-based methods. (optobase.org)

In addition, both the pristine polymer and the dispersion exhibited an interfacial Maxwell-Wagner relaxation, likely due to spatial heterogeneities associated with phase disproportionation in this polymer. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The production of material needs to be compatible with volume, area, and shape constraints of the growing vesicle, the rates of growth and DNA replication need to be tuned to the timing of cell division, and spatial cues need to be in place to ensure the proper distribution of genetic material. (basyc.nl)

A high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method was developed by Li H B et al (2005)3 for the preparative separation and purification of three bioactive flavonoids, namely, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A, from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (webmedcentral.com)
I am basically a Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry specialist for the Bionanosience department. (basyc.nl)

The University of California, Santa Barbara, cell biologist is investigating the formation and functions of the peroxisome, an organelle which exists in many copies in each cell and can be created, lost, or altered to meet the cell's metabolic needs. (the-scientist.com)

Labeling of Trypanosoma brucei cell cultures with 50% uniformly 13C-labeled glucose demonstrated incorporation of glucose-derived carbon into 187 of 588 putatively identified metabolites in diverse pathways including carbohydrate, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. (acs.org)

After squashing some cells from a roundworm and looking at them under a microscope, Brangwynne observed a structure, which scientists had long assumed to be a solid, instead blobbing apart and coalescing in lava lamp fashion. (princeton.edu)
Using whole-cell electrophysiology, we recorded visual responses of T4 (ON) and T5 (OFF) cells, mapped their composite ON-OFF receptive fields, and found that they share a similar spatiotemporal structure. (janelia.org)
Three prizes were awarded to six researchers working across the life sciences on cellular organization, protein structure, and the genetic underpinnings of a chronic sleep disorder. (the-scientist.com)
Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity. (elifesciences.org)
An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)

WNT signaling regulates central developmental processes of the cell, including cell fate, cell proliferation, cell migration and adult homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Cell polarization involving the Par-complex in situ is linked to various other processes. (elifesciences.org)
A successful minimal cell model requires an optimized cell-like enclosed compartment which can efficiently perform fundamental living processes such as the ability to grow, replicate, and evolve. (basyc.nl)
While the regulatory processes that control cell contraction in muscle cells are well understood, much less is known about cell contraction in non-muscle cells. (optobase.org)
S100B is a calcium/zinc-binding protein secreted by mature astrocytes, associated, at high levels, with nervous tissue injury in a variety of neuropathological processes, including Multiple Sclerosis in the acute phase. (cnr.it)
Cells may also communicate via quorum sensing, which may in turn affect biofilm processes such as detachment. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy43

Organisms12

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Chemicals and Drugs69

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Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations6

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20172

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20221

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