Cell nucleus dramatically cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed the up-regulation of 7 of the 11 genes ( ADAM8 , EDN1 , IL8 , IL24 , IL13RA2 , COX2 / PTGS2 , and SERPINB2 ) and uncovered a 28-fold transient increase in TNF expression in Cd-treated NPrEC cells. (nih.gov)
At the transition from meiosis to cleavage mitoses, Drosophila requires the cell cycle regulators encoded by the genes, giant nuclei ( gnu ), plutonium ( plu ) and pan gu ( png ). (silverchair.com)
As shown in transgenic safflower, overexpression of Ct CHI1 resulted in upstream genes Ct PAL3 and Ct C4H1 increasing dramatically (up to ~ 3.9fold) while Ct 4CL3, Ct F3H and Ct DFR2 were inhibited. (biomedcentral.com)
It hasn't been eradicated outright, because a lot of those ancient genes are still useful ("…the genes responsible for the cellular cooperation necessary for multicellularity are also the genes that malfunction in cancer cells. (rifters.com)
Over the years we have explored different areas of genome organization: where chromosomes are located in the nucleus, where genes are located in the nucleus and the role of components in the nucleus that manage this organization. (nikon.com)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
Our data showed that the expression of myogenic genes as well as cell cycle exit genes was increased after FGF21 overexpression, and FGF21 overexpression induces cell cycle arrest. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, cell cycle genes were decreased in FGF21 overexpression cells while they were increased in FGF21 knockdown cells. (hindawi.com)
In this respect, his work with somatic cell hybrids is best understood as a way of transplanting chromosomes, chromosome arms, or blocks of genes into a genetically and cytoplasmically foreign context. (nih.gov)
We previously reported that a substantial number of genes were differentially expressed in male and female mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and revealed dose-dependent enhancer activity in response to Prdm14 , a key pluripotency factor expressed more highly in female ES cells. (springer.com)

PRL prevented cisplatin-induced G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Potential applications for live-cell studies are in the determination of cellular DNA content and cell cycle distribution for the detection of variations in growth patterns, for monitoring apoptosis, and for evaluating tumor cell behavior and suppressor gene mechanisms. (enzolifesciences.com)
Incubation of purified individual endometrial cell nuclei with rMG_186 led to DNA degradation and morphological adjustments regular of apoptosis. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. (jci.org)
Because HIV-1 infection or processed envelope glycoproteins (gp120 and gp41) might also be capable of triggering G1/S forms of apoptosis or might initiate cell death by additional mechanisms such as syncytium formation, it was important to distinguish the pathway that we had identified from these other processes. (nih.gov)
These dying 'balloon' cells have a single, open nucleus, are free of syncytia, and show no signs of classical apoptosis, which is characterized by pronounced nuclear condensation. (nih.gov)
Cells go through cycles of cell growth and division and then may cycle into the apoptosis (or cell death) if cell cycle checkpoints are triggered. (nih.gov)
At the cellular level, apoptosis is characterized by controlled auto-digestion through the activation of endogenous proteases that result in cytoskeletal disruption, cell shrinkage, and membrane blebbing [ 6 ]Due to activation of endonucleases, the nucleus undergoes condensation as DNA is fragmented into oligonucleosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we found bAP15 could suppress TP53 -mutant ovarian cancer cell survival by regulating TGF-β signaling through inhibiting UCHL5 expression and dephosphorylating Smad2, consequently inducing apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)

Light-exposed ipRGC cells send signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain. (aharonhershfried.com)
Our eyes harbor special neurons known as retinal ganglion cells, which communicate the sunlight to our body's internal clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (runs our circadian rhytm). (madmonq.gg)

Various studies have demonstrated that aging accelerates the initiation and/or clonal dominance of mutant stem cells in aging tissues, such as the intestinal epithelium, the hematopoietic system, and the male germline, which shows a causal relationship between the aging-associated accumulation of stem cell mutations and failure of tissue maintenance and cancer suppression [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Adult stem cells are responsible for rejuvenating tissues by various processes, such as tissue maintenance, repair, and regeneration, throughout the life span of the higher organisms. (hindawi.com)
The gene encoding MG_186 was cloned and portrayed in (G37) cells had been grown to middle- to past due log stage in SP-4 moderate at 37C in 150-cm2 tissues lifestyle flasks. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
The fertilizing of an ovum by a sperm leads to cell differentiation whereby a human with 100 trillion cells and hundreds of cell types is formed, with the cells organized into diverse and complex tissues and organs. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Cell differentiation consists of the progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increased structural and functional specialization of cells, leading to the formation of specialized cells, tissues , and organs . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
There are three basic categories of cells that make up the mammalian body: Germ cells (which give rise to gametes like sperm and ova), somatic cells (most of the body cells forming different tissues and organs), and stem cells (which are able to divide for an indefinite period and give rise to specialized cells). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Thus, the development of different types of cells, the division of labor among the cells and tissues, and direction of the embryogenesis are all governed by the principle of cell determination and cell differentiation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Single-cell RNA sequencing has been widely adopted to estimate the cellular composition of heterogeneous tissues and obtain transcriptional profiles of individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Solid tissues need to be dissociated to release individual cells suitable for 10x Genomics Chromium scRNA-seq. (biomedcentral.com)
Metazoans were everywhere - cells grouped into colonies with specialized subsystems called tissues and organs -and somehow, within those colonies, the whole beat-the-competition thing had fallen out of favor. (rifters.com)
Nerve grafts are one way that tissue engineering can be employed to grow nerve cells and tissues. (nih.gov)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The proteins present in a cell, together with their function, sub-cellular location, and perhaps even structure, change dramatically with the organism, and the conditions faced by their host cells including: age, checkpoint in the cell cycle, and external or internal signaling events. (umich.edu)
There is then the three-dimensional organization of cells that do different jobs into groups of cells that, together, do specific jobs within the multicellular organism . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In terms of genetics, almost all cells of an organism are equipped with the potential to develop into an intact individual. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
I mused about evolution in a world where Darwinian processes never really went away even at the intraorganismal level, where even within the organism it was Every Cell for Itself. (rifters.com)
hell, red blood cells even gave up their nuclei for the good of the organism, which really puts the kibosh on any future solo career. (rifters.com)
If an organism dies, do all of its cells immediately die too? (nih.gov)
Recently, scientists found that, at least in some animals, the nucleolus itself grows in parallel with the growth of both the cell and the organism . (nih.gov)
Its growth levels out as the organism reaches maturity, when the cell no longer needs an increasing number of ribosomes to produce proteins. (nih.gov)

To investigate Ran function in a physiologically intact setting using mammalian cells, we examined the effects of several Ran mutants on cell growth and on the nuclear translocation of a glucocorticoid receptor-green fluorescent protein fusion (GR-GFP). (rupress.org)
Subsequently, we reported that can be observed in the cytoplasmic and perinuclear regions of infected mammalian cells and can persist long-term within these compartments (4, 13, 24). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Our method is a convenient yet powerful tool to enable rapid and scalable gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 in mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)
For this reason, arrayed siRNA libraries are often the method of choice for high-content screens in mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientists have identified more than a dozen membrane-less organelles at work in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)

The PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 and/or the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 suppressed the PERK/NRF2 signaling, which was activated by GA-D. They induced a rebound for the generation of ROS and β -galactosidase-positive cells and attenuated the differentiation capacity. (hindawi.com)
Cellular differentiation is an embryological process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized into one of the many cell types that make up the body. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The process of cell differentiation is a remarkable phenomena. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Currently, cell differentiation is the area of the most intensive research in developmental biology. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In sexually reproducing organisms, fertilization of an ovum with a sperm induces not only cleavage (cellular multiplication) of the zygote, but also cell determination (deciding the fate of the cells) and cell differentiation so as to generate cells that do different jobs. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The sophisticated mechanisms of cell determination and cell differentiation are responsible for the complex but directional development in embryogenesis. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Yet, all the structures of the body and the different cell types within them are all derived from a single fertilized egg cell through differentiation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
This restriction of the developmental potential of the cells is due to cell determination, cell differentiation, and cell memory. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Differentiation is a maturing process during which a cell becomes recognizable and specialized. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Thus, the differentiated cells produce and use specific proteins characteristic of their differentiation type. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
We carried out mosaic analysis to elucidate the functions of dMyc in the germline and somatic cells of the ovary during oogenesis, a process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. (silverchair.com)
However, the roles of FGF21 in myogenic differentiation and cell cycle remain obscure. (hindawi.com)
Also, we deduce that FGF21 promotes the initiation of myogenic differentiation mainly through enhancing cell cycle exit of C2C12 cells. (hindawi.com)
Taken together, our results demonstrated that FGF21 promotes cell cycle exit and enhances myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. (hindawi.com)
What combination of molecules confers differentiation to specific cell types? (nih.gov)
Upon differentiation of ES cells to cardiac precursors, we found sex-biased expression of key transcription and epigenetic factors, some of which persisted from the undifferentiated state. (springer.com)

Formation snow forms when water vapour or supercooled water droplets in a cloud freeze on minute particles in the atmosphere (called condensation nuclei), creating ice crystals. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)

We used utrastructural studies to shed light on the different steps of the Mimivirus replication cycle: entry via phagocytosis, release of viral DNA into the cell cytoplasm through fusion of viral and vacuolar membranes, and finally viral morphogenesis in an extraordinary giant cytoplasmic virus factory (VF). (nih.gov)
Assembly and filling of viral capsids were observed within the replication centre, before release into the cell cytoplasm where progeny virions accumulated. (nih.gov)
The small nuclear GTPase Ran controls the directionality of macromolecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. (dundee.ac.uk)
Elevated hydrostatic pressure triggered mitochondrial changes including mitochondrial fission and abnormal cristae depletion, alteration of OPA1 gene expression, and release of OPA1 and cytochrome C into the cytoplasm before the onset of apoptotic cell death in differentiated RGC-5 cells. (molvis.org)
The completed subunits travel out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm to assemble into ribosomes. (nih.gov)

Serotype-specific clinical manifestations may be partially determined by differences in cell tropism, manifested by their binding to different cellular receptors. (medilib.ir)
Scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, led by Ronald M. Evans, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory, showed that two cellular switches found on the nucleus of mouse cells, known as REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ, are essential for maintaining normal sleeping and eating cycles and for metabolism of nutrients from food. (nutritionreview.org)
Starting from a single fertilized egg cell, with one set of DNA and cellular components, an adult human is formed that has hundreds of diverse cell types, with the initial cell differentiated and organized into such diverse and complex structures as eyes , skin , bones , lungs , brain , and so forth-with each component cell having the same genetic blueprint. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Here, we compare gene expression and cellular composition of single-cell suspensions prepared from adult mouse kidney using two tissue dissociation protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
Modern-day sponges might be a pretty good example: some cellular specialization, a bit of the ol' helping hand between cells, but nothing so altruistic as an actual tissue . (rifters.com)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
Research in recent years has revealed that, in addition to cellular energy production, radicals play a crucial roles in many important physiological processes, including signal transduction, cell-cycle regulation, and immune function. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
A misfolded and aggregated isoform of a cell-surface protein termed cellular prion protein (PrP Sc ) is the main, if not the sole, component of prions ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Our observations with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies suggest that a 34-kilodalton cellular substrate becomes profoundly tyrosine-hyperphosphorylated and that this event has the same kinetics as HIV-induced cell death. (nih.gov)
NSP1 also interacts with the host messenger RNA export receptor NXF1-NXT1 to retain cellular messenger RNAs in the nucleus. (accessh.org)
Another nonstructural protein of SARS-CoV-2, NSP16, engages in nonspecific immune suppression by inhibiting the splicing of cellular RNAs, while NSP8 and NSP9 shut down signal sequencing that would warn surrounding cells. (accessh.org)
Rapkine, interested in chemical processes in the cell, employed the micromanipulator in a series of studies on cellular physiology during developmental change to probe the chemical state within individual cells. (nih.gov)

Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
The shortening length of the telomeres of the chromosomes is another factor that could shorten the cell life. (nih.gov)
Such hybrids contributed crucially to the development of somatic cell genetics and soon provided an important tool for efforts to gain detailed information about the organization of genetic information on human chromosomes (WEISS and GREEN 1967). (nih.gov)

Other relevant time frames may include but are not limited to: circadian rhythms, fasting and feeding cycles, reproductive cycles, and sleep/wake cycles. (nih.gov)
Melatonin plays a role in the adjusting mechanism: it synchronizes the body's circadian rhythms with the real-life cycle of day and night experienced by the body. (aharonhershfried.com)
In fact, morning exposure to blue light is even used in a number of bright light therapy methods aimed at normalizing the circadian cycle, particularly in elderly people who often experience sleep-wake pattern disturbances. (aharonhershfried.com)

Most adenoviruses readily infect human epithelial cell lines, exhibiting a characteristic cytopathic effect. (medilib.ir)
In this study we aimed to decipher changes in cell growth and the transcriptome in an immortalized human normal prostate epithelial cell line (NPrEC) following exposure to low-dose Cd. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, GA-D markedly inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of p21 and p16 proteins, relieved the cell cycle arrest, and enhanced telomerase activity in senescent hAMSCs. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, our latest evidence shows that and its proteins products can handle intranuclear localization within contaminated endometrial cells (41). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
In terms of the edge of the nucleus, most of my research and, I would say, most of the field has mostly focused on the proteins that are embedded in the nuclear membrane or just underneath it. (nikon.com)
Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, classic apoptotic cell death occurs when T-cells are in the G1 phase and operates through regulatory proteins such as p53, Myc, and Ras. (nih.gov)
We initially investigated whether any of the proteins encoded by HIV-1 were capable of initiating intracellular signals that directly program CD4+ cells to die. (nih.gov)
Nonspecific refers to viral proteins that block entire pathways, such as export of viral proteins from the cell. (accessh.org)
In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 Orf8 protein, recent studies show, interferes with the functionality of the major histocompatibility complex type-I (MHC-I). Evidently MHC-I proteins accumulate in the lysosomes of Orf8-expressing cells, suggesting that Orf8 selectively targets the molecule for degradation and inhibits its involvement in the antiviral response. (accessh.org)
There are many many types of molecules, proteins, RNAs etc that determine how cells differentiate. (nih.gov)

Since can invade eukaryotic cells and localize towards the perinuclear and nuclear area of parasitized focus on cells, MG_186 gets the potential to supply was first defined as a urogenital system pathogen in guys and subsequently implicated in a range of women pathologies, including pelvic inflammatory diseases, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, and tubal factor infertility (5, 37, 40). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
CRISPR/Cas9 has been adapted for gene knockout (KO) in eukaryotic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)

The mechanisms that underlie these functions provide insights into the spatial and temporal coordination of the changes that occur in intracellular organization during the cell-division cycle. (dundee.ac.uk)
Sleep in the Real World The internal mechanisms that regulate our almost ceaseless cycles of sleep and wakefulness make up a remarkable system. (pearltrees.com)
These exhibit remarkable evolutionary flexibility, with different species using a variety of discrete arrest points, illustrating the diversity of regulatory mechanisms that have evolved to arrest the fundamental cell cycle oscillator ( Sagata,1996 ). (silverchair.com)
Although the Myc oncogene has long been known to play a role in many human cancers, the mechanisms that mediate its effects in both normal cells and cancer cells are not fully understood. (silverchair.com)
Development of the next generation of therapeutic strategies for diabetes, including cell-based insulin replacement in type 1 diabetes or drug therapies for enhancing insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes, will depend on a detailed understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in islet β-cell function and survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
Despite intense investigation over the past decade, the mechanisms underlying CD4+ cell death in HIV disease are poorly understood. (nih.gov)

Functional assays indicated that linc00665 reinforced LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. (nature.com)
Upon antigen stimulation they rapidly upregulate glycolysis and oxygen to produce high levels of ATP and nucleotides required for cell proliferation and effector functions. (nih.gov)
In absence of specific anti- parasitic immune responses such as in vitro culture conditions, it is reasonable to assume that the parasite growth rate reflects a balance between cell proliferation and cell loss. (biomedcentral.com)

Further, immunofluorescence evaluation of rMG_186-treated nuclei indicated that morphological adjustments had been from the disintegration of lamin as well as the internalization of rMG_186. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

Donna Krasnewich, M.D., Ph.D.: Actually there are stem cells in most of the organs of our body. (nih.gov)

Ran also has important roles during mitosis, when the nucleus is dramatically reorganized to allow chromosome segregation. (dundee.ac.uk)
Clarke, PR & Zhang, C 2008, ' Spatial and temporal coordination of mitosis by Ran GTPase ', Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 464-477. (dundee.ac.uk)

This observation was surprising because all previously described forms of apoptotic cell death in normal T-cells had been shown to occur when the cells were in G1 or early S phase. (nih.gov)
This study was conducted to determine whether elevated hydrostatic pressure alters mitochondrial structure, triggers release of the dynamin-related guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1) or cytochrome C from mitochondria, alters OPA1 gene expression, and can directly induce apoptotic cell death in cultured retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-5 cells. (molvis.org)
Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. (molvis.org)
Elevated pressure also activated caspase-3 and induced apoptotic cell death. (molvis.org)

Exposure of NPrEC to 2.5 μM Cd enhanced cell viability and accelerated cell-cycle progression. (nih.gov)

Most importantly, the results with the L43E Ran mutant provide strong evidence that Ran mediates a function essential to cell viability that is independent of nuclear protein import. (rupress.org)
Synchronized NPrEC cells were exposed to different doses of Cd and assayed for cell viability and cell-cycle progression. (nih.gov)
Another important issue is the difficulty inherent in controlling fundamental variables such as insulin content, insulin secretion, and cell viability in human islet preparations. (diabetesjournals.org)

What is Somatic cell nuclear transfer? (nih.gov)
Alexandra Ainsztein, Ph.D.: In genetics and developmental biology, somatic-cell nuclear transfer is a laboratory technique for creating a clone embryo with a donor somatic nucleus. (nih.gov)
Hi Josh, I will append to this note a text intended for the Perspectives series in Genetics on the start of interspecific somatic cell hybridization from / centered on Ephrussi. (nih.gov)

Although activating phosphorylation by CAK is not exploited for cell-cycle regulation purposes, it is a highly conserved process because CAK also regulates transcription. (wikipedia.org)
This suggests that CAK is not only involved in cell-cycle regulation but is also involved in transcription. (wikipedia.org)
A neutralizing antibody was used to negate the effect of Cd-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor ( TNF ) in NPrEC cells. (nih.gov)
Secretion of these hormones becomes dysregulated in both major forms of diabetes, via destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in type 1 diabetes and loss of normal regulation of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of POA neurons reveals TRPM2 as an ultrasound-sensitive ion channel, the knockdown of which suppresses UIH. (nature.com)

However, expression of the Ran mutants G19V, T24N, or a COOH-terminal deletion (delta C) mutant dramatically reduced the accumulation of GR-GFP in the nuclei. (rupress.org)
They also show that multiple types of Ran mutant exert dominant effects on this process, and that normal Ran function requires cycling between the GTP- and GDP-bound states of the protein. (rupress.org)
Germline and somatic follicle cells mutant for dm exhibit a profound decrease in their ability to grow and to carry out endoreplication,a modified cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell division. (silverchair.com)
Surprisingly, despite their impaired ability to endoreplicate, dm mutant follicle cells appeared to carry out chorion gene amplification normally. (silverchair.com)
Furthermore, in germline cysts in which the dm mutant cells comprised only a subset of the 16-cell cluster,we observed strictly cell-autonomous growth defects. (silverchair.com)
However, in cases in which the entire germline cyst or the whole follicular epithelium was mutant for dm , the growth of the entire follicle, including the wild-type cells, was delayed. (silverchair.com)

In Drosophila germline progenitor cells, recruitment of the P-TEFb kinase complex to promoter regions is directly inhibited by a small protein encoded by the polar granule component ( pgc ) gene. (biomedcentral.com)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) is expressed primarily in epithelial cells. (duke.edu)
Msc6 and Msc2 complex not only activates cell cycle Cdks but also regulates gene expression because it is part of the transcription factor TFIIH. (wikipedia.org)
The chemical reprogramming culture condition together with gene-transfer were then used to generate the immortalized HepLPC cell lines (iHepLPCs). (thno.org)
The streamlined genome of results in gene deficits that dramatically limit its biosynthetic capabilities, leading to a complete dependence on the host for metabolic precursors, such as nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, and sterols. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
We demonstrate that co-transfection of the crRNA:tracrRNA duplex into Cas9-expressing cells leads to target gene mutation and loss of target protein expression in the majority of the cell population. (biomedcentral.com)
Because RNAi utilizes the endogenous RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), gene knockdown can be achieved by simply transfecting a synthetic short-interfering RNA (siRNA) duplex into cells, a process that is both highly efficient and easily scalable. (biomedcentral.com)
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an increasingly powerful technology that enables analysis of gene expression in individual cells. (biomedcentral.com)
What we found was consistent with the gene expression data - in oncogene-induced senescence the cells accumulated nuclear pores into the membranes. (nikon.com)
We generated sex-specific co-expression networks from mouse ES cells, examined the presence of sex-specific chromatin domains, and analyzed previously published datasets from different developmental time points to characterize how sex-biased gene expression waxes and wanes to evaluate whether sex-biased networks are detectable throughout heart development. (springer.com)
Several kinds found inside the nucleus-including nuclear speckles, paraspeckles, and Cajal bodies-help with cell growth, stress response, the metabolizing (breaking down) of RNA, and the control of gene expression-the process by which information in a gene is used in the synthesis of a protein. (nih.gov)
However, adaptive immune responses are modu- gene expression profiles of the different very few studies have focused on the lated by moderate, binge, and chronic cell types. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, coffee has been shown to actually lengthen the telomeres of each chromosome that resides inside the nucleus of each cell of the human body. (miabrazilia.com)

Genetic-mapping studies of HIV have provided some insight into this process by showing that the most important determinants of the virus' ability to kill T-cells lie within the viral envelope glycoproteins (gp120 and gp41). (nih.gov)
Using the PTK inhibitor herbimycin A, we also showed that interfering with protein tyrosine phosphorylation during HIV infection dramatically reduces viral cytopathicity in vitro. (nih.gov)

Because these "membrane-less organelles" are not confined, they can rapidly come together in response to chemical signals, such as those that indicate stress, and equally rapidly fall apart when they are no longer needed, or when the cell is about to divide. (nih.gov)

During the process, the morphology and physiology of the cell may change dramatically, but the genetic makeup usually remains the same. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

However compared to normal cells, CAK activity is reduced in quiescent G0 cells and slightly elevated in tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)

In this study, a senescent human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC) model subjected to oxidative stress was established in vitro using hydrogen peroxide. (hindawi.com)
We have previously shown that mouse and human hepatocytes can be converted to expandable liver progenitor-like cells in vitro (HepLPCs). (thno.org)
Here, we reported the generation of a novel hepatocyte model not only to provide unlimited cell sources for human hepatocytes but also to establish a tool for studying iDILI in vitro . (thno.org)
In light of the proliferative capacity and the heterogeneity they represented, these iHepLPCs cell lines may offer assistance in studying xenobiotic metabolism as well as liver diseases in vitro . (thno.org)
Thus, we further explored the impact of linc00665 on aggressive phenotypes of LUAD cell lines in vitro and in vivo. (nature.com)

Enzo Life Sciences' GFP-CERTIFIED ® NUCLEAR-ID ® Red Cell Cycle Analysis Kit provides a convenient approach for studying the induction and inhibition of cell cycle progression by flow cytometry. (enzolifesciences.com)
Figure 2: Live cells treated with different drugs show inhibition of cell cycle progression at different phases. (enzolifesciences.com)

Senescence and exhaustion of adult stem cells are considered as a hallmark of aging in organisms. (hindawi.com)
Likewise, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both subject to and key mediators of organismal aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Interestingly, transplantation of mesodermal-derived stem cells into aging mice can prolong their life span [ 14 ], while senescent bone marrow MSCs cannot reach the injury site and lose their protection to the lungs due to weak activation, migration, and anti-immune function [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Are there other uses of stem cells besides using them to treat disease? (nih.gov)
Stem cells are valuable for research too. (nih.gov)
Stem cells could also be used for testing new medical treatments or even as diagnostics. (nih.gov)
To date, there are clinical trials with human patients focused on examining the use of stem cells to treat neurologic diseases and diabetes. (nih.gov)
How can you get stem cells other than your umbilical cord? (nih.gov)
An example of another common source of stem cells is from bone marrow, where cells are harvested typically from the hip bone of an adult. (nih.gov)
For more information on stem cells try this link: http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/Pages/Default.aspx (no longer available). (nih.gov)

Figure 1: Three-dimensional reconstruction of the spatial relationship between the green fluorescent protein-expressing (GFP-expressing) mitochondria and the nucleus using a structured illumination method, as implemented with the ApoTome from Carl Zeiss, Inc. This imaging method enabled creation of optical sections through the nucleus using a conventional fluorescence microscope, for improved resolution along the optical axis. (enzolifesciences.com)
The optical sections were then used to create a 3-D reconstruction of the nucleus, enabling the GFP-expressing mitochondria to be displayed in their proper spatial context. (enzolifesciences.com)

After transfection into baby hamster kidney cells (BHK21), GR-GFP was detectable in living cells by direct fluorescence microscopy. (rupress.org)
Live RGC-5 cells were then labeled with MitoTracker Red and mitochondrial morphology was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. (molvis.org)

Furthermore, GA-D upregulated the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase R- (PKR-) like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), peroxidase III (PRDX3), and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) and promoted intranuclear transfer of NRF2 in senescent cells. (hindawi.com)
The Ran/TC4 GTPase is required for the nuclear accumulation of artificial karyophiles in permeabilized cell assays. (rupress.org)
The impetus for its selection as a Common Fund program was the growing awareness that understanding the architecture of the cell nucleus may have widespread and profound implications for human health and disease, but our ability to study nuclear organization was hindered by technological and conceptual challenges. (nih.gov)
Ran directs the assembly of the mitotic spindle, nuclear-envelope dynamics and the timing of cell-cycle transitions. (dundee.ac.uk)
Cells were stained with NUCLEAR-ID ® Red DNA Stain or a competitor's dye at a final concentration of 2.5 or 5µM for 15 min at 37°C and gently washed post-staining. (enzolifesciences.com)
At the same time point, 5µM of NUCLEAR-ID ® Red DNA Stain did not affect cell growth or fluorescent intensity. (enzolifesciences.com)
The NUCLEAR-ID ® Red DNA Stain shows lower cytotoxicity and requires lower concentration in live cell studies, resulting in lower costs. (enzolifesciences.com)
Relative costs of using Nuclear ID ® Red DNA in comparison to competitor dye in various applications: (A) Imaging (visualization), (B) Nucleated Cell Gating (flow cytometry) and (C) Live Cell Cycle analysis using flow cytometry. (enzolifesciences.com)
A sample from each lot of GFP-CERTIFIED ® NUCLEAR-ID ® Red Cell Cycle Analysis Kit is used to analyze Jurkat cells using the procedures described in the user manual. (enzolifesciences.com)
Pores are extremely stable - once they are put into the nuclear membrane at the beginning of the cell cycle, they stay there for the rest of the cell cycle. (nikon.com)
In normal situations, when cells stop dividing, they stop synthesizing the components of the nuclear pore. (nikon.com)
By using an antibody to detect nucleic pore components, we looked at the bottom surface of the nucleus and we were able to see a nice, resolved spot for each nuclear pore, all over the nuclear membrane. (nikon.com)
This allowed us to literally count nuclear pores on the images from N-SIM microscope in the cells before and after senescence. (nikon.com)

Glucocorticoid receptor is cytosolic in the absence of ligand, but translocates to the nucleus on binding the agonist dexamethasone. (rupress.org)

The 4D Nucleome (4DN) NIH Common Fund Program was launched in 2015 with the goal of developing the tools and resources that would enable the characterization of the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of human and mouse genomes and provide deeper mechanistic insights into how the nucleus is functionally organized. (nih.gov)

Recently published experimental data demonstrated that just two hours of evening exposure to bright computer screens emitting blue light decreases sleep duration and, more importantly, dramatically reduces its quality. (aharonhershfried.com)

Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. (nature.com)
Recent findings have demonstrated that the type and function of immune cells have characteristic metabolic signatures associated with their function. (nih.gov)
In an effort to understand the transformation of a protective immune response into a chronic inflammatory response, we studied the metabolic characteristic of immune cells in cancer and allergic diseases such as asthma. (nih.gov)
Our data demonstrates that upon infiltrating the hypoxic, hypoglycemic and acidic microenvironment present in tumors or in a site of chronic inflammation, myeloid cells undergo a dramatic metabolic reprogramming from the use of glucose to fatty acid oxidation. (nih.gov)

The right hand image was taken of the bottom of the nucleus with pores embedded in the membrane. (nikon.com)
The Changing Needs of a Cell: No Membrane? (nih.gov)
Cells need a rapid response team working alongside the membrane-bound organelles to meet these fluctuating needs. (nih.gov)
They can have complex, multilayered structures that help them to perform many critical cell functions with multiple steps, just like membrane-bound organelles. (nih.gov)
The nucleolus, located inside the nucleus, is probably the largest of the membrane-less organelles. (nih.gov)
The nucleolus is a large organelle without a membrane that forms in the cell nucleus. (nih.gov)

Scientists have long known that animal and plant cells have specialized subdivisions called organelles. (nih.gov)

At 24h, the competitor's dye intensity and cell growth were dramatically reduced at the 5µM final concentration. (enzolifesciences.com)
External stimuli, such as growth factors, trigger cells to differentiate. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In contrast to its dramatic effects on growth and endoreplication,dMyc is dispensable for the mitotic division cycles of both germline and somatic components of the ovary. (silverchair.com)
I always thought of cancer as the uncontrolled growth of undifferentiated cells, jes' regular folks except for the fact that something had broken their Off switch. (rifters.com)
This work has important implications for human health: nucleoli can be thought of as factories for ribosome biogenesis, and since the ribosome is the key protein translation machine, nucleoli are intimately linked to cell growth and size control, which are dysregulated in cancer. (nih.gov)
Growth kinetic of Plasmodium falciparum in culture or in the host fall short of expected growth rate considering that there are 4 x 10 6 /µL red blood cell (RBCs) available for invasion and about 16 merozoites growing in each infected RBC. (biomedcentral.com)
The rate that ribosomes are assembled allows cells to regulate their growth and activity. (nih.gov)
It can increase ribosome production to allow for more growth, such as when the cell is preparing to divide in two or halt ribosome production to respond to changes in the cell's environment, such as those brought on by stress. (nih.gov)
And with its prominent role in cell growth it's believed to be at the center of many human diseases. (nih.gov)
For example, it may be a good target for cancer treatments, because out-of-control cell growth and enlarged nucleoli are hallmarks of cancer. (nih.gov)

Exploring this border is now proving hugely rewarding, with implications for many aspects of cell function and plant responses to the environment. (brookes.ac.uk)

In this talk I will discuss our work on the physicochemical assembly and properties of the nucleolus, the largest structure within the cell nucleus. (nih.gov)

Credit to: Oxford University Press "Morgan: The Cell Cycle" Cdkactivation http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199206100/resources/figures/nsp-cellcycle-3-3-3_8.jpg Credit to: Oxford University Press "Morgan: The Cell Cycle" The conformation of the Cdk2 active site changes dramatically upon cyclin binding and CAK phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
Resting lymphoid (B and T cells) and myeloid (macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes) cells use low levels of glucose oxidative phosphorylation to support "housekeeping" functions. (nih.gov)
The Warburg effect in tumour cells involves the uptake of high levels of glucose, enhanced glycolysis, and the metabolism of pyruvate to lactic acid, rather than oxidative phosphorylation, to generate energy under aerobic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

For example, there are regulators of the cell cycle to make sure cells divide only when given the appropriate cues. (nih.gov)

Hence, stem cell senescence has received increased attention in recent years in the field of antiaging and regenerative medicine. (hindawi.com)
This organization is typical of most human cells, but there is a really interesting biological situation in which heterochromatin organization changes radically and that is called oncogene-induced senescence. (nikon.com)
Senescence is when cells stop dividing permanently. (nikon.com)
That can come about through a variety of factors, for examples as they age - through replicative senescence - cells just run out of steam and stop dividing. (nikon.com)
What happens in human cells that are induced to go into senescence (because they are suddenly faced with an activated oncogene), is that the heterochromatin dramatically reorganizes away from the edge of the nucleus, and instead, moves into the middle of the nucleus into so-called senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. (nikon.com)
While looking for an explanation of why heterochromatin would lose its interaction with the periphery and move inside, we realized that something unusual was going on in the oncogene-induced senescence cell. (nikon.com)

This process is complex and focuses on the information of one target molecule, DNA, in the nucleus of cells. (umich.edu)

Alternatively, CRISPR components can be delivered to host cells using transfection of a recombinant ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of the Cas9 protein with guide RNAs [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

3D reconstruction from fluorescent and differential contrast interference images revealed the VF emerging from the cell surface as a volcano-like structure. (nih.gov)

The importance of nucleases in the life cycle of mycoplasmas is usually reinforced by their detection in at least 20 species (26). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Thus, blocking gastric precancerous cells from malignant transformation is crucial for early detection and prevention of GC. (biomedcentral.com)

A unique formulation of multiple amino acids inhibits the replication of Zika virus by up to 90 percent in human and non-human primate cells, according to a study led by Georgia State University. (informedchoicewa.org)
In human beings, approximately 4 days after fertilization and after several cycles of cell division, these cells begin to specialize (NCBI 2004). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Previous to this I completed my BSc in Cell and Human Biology here at Oxford Brookes University. (brookes.ac.uk)
A common feature of the two major forms of human diabetes is the partial or complete loss of insulin secretion from β-cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. (diabetesjournals.org)
The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
Human immunodeficiency virus - type 1 (HIV-1) infection in humans leads to depletion of CD4+ T-cells and the development of AIDS. (nih.gov)

Sugar's rapid conversion into fat and resultant storage in your adipose tissue after the completion of the digestion cycle dramatically increases the risk of obesity. (miabrazilia.com)
Parasitemia often increases dramatically in late April and early May (called spring rise), just before arthropod vectors, black flies ( Simulium spp), or biting midges ( Culicoides spp) increase. (merckvetmanual.com)

In contrast, proteomics focuses on the identification, localization, and functional analysis of the protein make-up of the cell. (umich.edu)
In contrast, TNF often acts on cell types other than osteoclasts, or synergically with RANKL to indirectly promote osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. (frontiersin.org)

A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology , 9 (6), 464-477. (dundee.ac.uk)
I am a senior lecturer in Cell Bilogy and a member of the plant biology group. (brookes.ac.uk)
For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
In this article, we review the development of a set of tools for studying β-cell biology and their application to understanding of fuel-mediated insulin secretion and enhancement of β-cell survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
They are large structures in molecular terms, but very small in terms of cell biology and imaging. (nikon.com)

CAK varies dramatically in different species. (wikipedia.org)

In the past several years, it became increasingly clear that programmed cell death, or signaling-dependent cell death, plays a major role in many forms of physiologic and pathologic cell death. (nih.gov)

Normal bone remodeling requires a delicate balance between the activities of major bone cell types: bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes. (frontiersin.org)
The kit is suitable for (1) determining the percentage of cells in a given sample that are in G 0 /G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases, as well as to quantify cells in the sub-G 1 phase, and (2) DNA studies in live, permeabilized and fixed cells for normal cell lines and cell lines exhibiting multiple ploidy levels. (enzolifesciences.com)
Suitable for DNA studies in live, permeabilized and fixed cells for normal cell lines and cell lines exhibiting multiple ploidy levels. (enzolifesciences.com)
Our data suggest a model in which MES-4 helps to maintain an 'epigenetic memory' of transcription that occurred in germ cells of previous generations, and that MES-4 and its epigenetic product are essential for normal germ cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
Radiation can disrupt the structure of the DNA (and other macromolecules), thereby disrupting normal cell and organ functions. (cdc.gov)

Insights into these basic issues are likely to be useful for the design of new drug and cell-based diabetes therapies. (diabetesjournals.org)

J Cell Biol (1996) 133 (5): 985-996. (rupress.org)

We confirmed that observation through additional biochemical experiments, including analysis of the mitotic cyclin, cyclin B. These studies also showed that clinical isolates of HIV-1 that have the greatest cell-killing capacity also most strongly direct the G2 form of cell death. (nih.gov)

Dr. Edward Fogarty says, "Precursors to GSH are antiviral software for every cell. (informedchoicewa.org)

However, it is not clear how histone modifications generated in one generation can influence the transcription program and development of germ cells of the next. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that the histone H3K36 methyltransferase maternal effect sterile (MES)-4 is an epigenetic modifier that prevents aberrant transcription activity in Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Although much of the research focus has been on epigenetic erasure events that occur in the zygote, it is important to note that significant epigenetic information is probably retained and/or re-established in the zygote and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Global transcriptional repression is thus a conserved event in germ cell specification. (biomedcentral.com)

In turn T and B cells develop effector functions (cytokine production, cytotoxic function or specific antibody production) associated with a protective immune response that eliminates the offending (or invasive) agent. (nih.gov)

These cells, called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), are particularly sensitive to short wavelength blue light. (aharonhershfried.com)
However, the precise pathophysiological relationship among elevated IOP, glaucomatous optic nerve damage and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death remains poorly understood. (molvis.org)

Anatomy53

Organisms13

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care2

Genes10

Apoptosis9

Suprachiasmatic nucleus2

Tissues12

Organism8

Mammalian5

Differentiation16

CONDENSATION1

Cytoplasm5

Cellular12

Chromosomes3

Circadian3

Epithelial cell2

Proteins11

Eukaryotic cells4

Mechanisms6

Proliferation3

Morphological1

Organs1

Mitosis2

Apoptotic cell4

Accelerated cell-cycle progression1

Viability3

Somatic cell3

Regulation4

Neurons1

Mutant6

Drosophila1

Gene11

Chromosome1

Viral2

Signals1

Change dramatically1

Tumor2

Vitro5

PROGRESSION2

Stem cells10

Mitochondria2

Fluorescence2

Nuclear13

Ligand1

Mechanistic1

Reduces1

Metabolic4

Membrane6

Scientists1

Growth10

Implications1

Nucleolus1

Phosphorylation3

Regulators1

Senescence6

Molecule1

Alternatively1

Reconstruction1

Detection2

Human6

Increases2

Contrast2

Pathways1

Biology5

Different species1

Signaling-dependent1

Normal5

Insights1

19961

Mitotic1

Precursors1

Germ4

Immune1

Retinal2