• Naked cuticle (Nkd) is a conserved family of intracellular proteins encoded in most animal genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vertebrate (and invertebrate) Nkd proteins have additional regions of homology that presumably mediate specific protein functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two Nkd proteins (Nkd1 and Nkd2) in most vertebrates including humans, but some lower vertebrates have additional Nkd proteins (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vertebrate proteins related to Drosophila Naked Cuticle bind Dishevelled and antagonize Wnt signaling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammalian cells proteolytically release (shed) the extracellular domains of many cell-surface proteins. (embl.de)
  • We use in the lab the Gaudi toolkit , which is largely based on brainbow constructs (Livet et al , Nature 2007) - a mutually exclusive combination of fluorescent proteins that will be stochastically assigned to each cell and inherited by its progeny. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • A heterogeneous family of water-soluble structural proteins found in cells of the vertebrate lens. (lookformedical.com)
  • Here, in order to discover those membrane proteins that may be involved in JEV attachment to or entry into virus permissive BHK-21 cells, a chemically mutated cell line (designated 3A10-3F) that became less susceptible to JEV infection was preliminarily established and selected by repeated low moi JEV challenges and RT-PCR detection for viral RNA E gene fragment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with LC-MS/MS was utilized to recognize the most differentially expressed proteins from membrane protein extracts of 3A10-3F and BHK-21 cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The noted discrepancy of membrane proteins included calcium binding proteins (annexin A1, annexin A2), and voltage-dependent anion channels proteins (VDAC 1, VDAC 2), suggesting that these molecules may affect JEV attachment to and/or entry into BHK-21 cells and worthy of further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent paper also indicated that several proteins on the surface of C6/36 cells with masses ranging from 35-80 kDa and 150-200 kDa may bind to JEV, but failed to identify specific proteins by mass spectroscopic fingerprint analysis [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Membrane proteins implicated in long-chain fatty acid uptake by mammalian cells: CD36, FATP and FABPm. (springer.com)
  • Manufacturing, processing and transporting proteins for cell utilization each out and in of the cell. (worksheetkey.com)
  • In some way, the genetic molecule, DNA, had to include directions for tips on how to make the hundreds of proteins present in cells. (worksheetkey.com)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • Sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are important mediators of protein trafficking that regulate the membrane fusion of specific vesicle populations and their target organelles. (bvsalud.org)
  • This conformational switch recruits Ykt6 to several organelle membranes, where it functionally regulates the trafficking of Wnt proteins and extracellular vesicle secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
  • This mitochondrial RNA colocalizes with components of the cytoplasmic machinery that makes and imports nuclear-encoded proteins - that is, a ribosomal protein (S6), a nascent peptide associated protein (NAC), and the translocase in the outer membrane (Tom22). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) controls patterning and growth during vertebrate development. (nih.gov)
  • Here we demonstrate that it binds Patched (vPtc), which has been identified as a tumour-suppressor protein in basal cell carcinoma, with high affinity. (nih.gov)
  • We show that Ptc can form a physical complex with a newly cloned vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila protein Smoothened (vSmo), and that vSmo is coexpressed with vPtc in many tissues but does not bind Shh directly. (nih.gov)
  • Both Golgi impregnation of single rod bipolar cells (Fig. 6) and immunocytochemical staining of rod bipolar cell populations with protein kinase C (PKC) (Fig. 7) show the characteristic morphology of the rod bipolar cell type in mammalian retina (Kolb et al. (utah.edu)
  • An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. (lookformedical.com)
  • An 11-kDa protein associated with the outer membrane of many cells including lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • Species diversity in the structure of zonadhesin, a sperm-specific membrane protein containing multiple cell adhesion molecule-like domains. (embl.de)
  • Much earlier, a report stated that a 74 kDa protein on Vero cells was found to be capable of binding JEV and might be involved in virus uptake process [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipid bilayer regulation of membrane protein function: gramicidin channels as molecular force probes. (springer.com)
  • Dietary fatty acids and membrane protein function. (springer.com)
  • Many protein components of this signaling cascade have been cloned and characterized: Strikingly, many exist as different isoforms, the number of which is further increased through mechanisms of alternative splicing of the primary transcripts. (schoolbag.info)
  • Iodide is transported across the basement membrane of the thyroid cells by an intrinsic membrane protein called the Na/I symporter (NIS). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The SNARE protein Ykt6 lacks a transmembrane domain and attaches to different organelle membranes. (bvsalud.org)
  • We analyzed the organization and function of mitochondrial DNA in a stable human cell line (ECV304, which is also known as T-24) containing mitochondria tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We now examine the organization of mitochondrial genomes in a human cell line that contains mitochondria tagged with the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Hh gene family encodes a secreted protein that plays a critical regulatory role in the process of embryogenesis and environmental stabilization in adult tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates [ 44 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
  • Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - HCMV infection induces NOD2 mRNA and protein in HFFs and U373 cells. (novusbio.com)
  • Western Blot: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - Whole cell protein from THP-1 cells was separated on a 7.5% gel by SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF membrane and blocked in 5% non-fat milk in TBST. (novusbio.com)
  • Topics covered will include cell membrane structure and function, metabolism, cell motility and division, genome structure and replication, the regulation of gene expression and protein production, genotype to phenotype relationship, and basic principles of inheritance. (middlebury.edu)
  • The mRNA transcription of Nkd genes is inducible by Wnt signaling in diverse animals, such that nkd expression is a readout of Wnt activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both methods have contributed extensively to our current knowledge on the lineage relation of differentiated cells during embryogenesis, the potential of stem cell populations to generate or re-generate missing cell types, and the cell autonomous or non cell autonomous effects of many genes during development and disease. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
  • In the cell, T3 binds to a nuclear receptor, resulting in transcription of specific thyroid hormone response genes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Independent experiments confirmed several target genes, including PLOD2 , HADH , LCOR and REEP1 as non-canonical target genes in various colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • Many vertebrate homeo box-containing genes have been identified on the basis of their sequence similarity with Drosophila developmental genes. (thermofisher.com)
  • 1 In particular, morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) have been used to block the expression of targeted genes in several invertebrate and vertebrate models. (cdc.gov)
  • Avermectins interact with vertebrate and invertebrate GABA receptors and invertebrate glutamate-gated chloride channels. (nih.gov)
  • In adult mammals, the number of newly generated cells match the number of lost cells, so they exhibit a fixed organismal size despite of massive stem cell proliferation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
  • found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Humans, of course, are highly visual vertebrates and function mostly with their cone systems for color and high acuity form vision. (utah.edu)
  • Three stages in the life cycle of T.gondii may invade humans and animals. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • This laboratory pursues several lines of investigation to understand how T cells contribute to autoimmune diseases and protection from infection, and how to modulate T cell immunity for therapeutic purposes in humans. (utsa.edu)
  • My lab is interested in understanding stem cells, a fascinating type of cell that can self-renew and is responsible to generate once and again the cells that we humans (and most other animals) lose on daily basis - skin cells, blood cells, intestine cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The Nkd gene family was first cloned in the laboratory of Matthew P. Scott. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2001 Jun 1;234(1):93-106.PMID 11356022 Katoh M. Molecular cloning, gene structure, and expression analyses of NKD1 and NKD2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inactivation of the gene in mouse cells caused a marked decrease in soluble TNF-alpha production. (embl.de)
  • In vertebrates, gene duplications and retrotranspositions increased the size of each chordate Rho subfamily, whereas RhoH , the last subfamily, arose probably by horizontal gene transfer. (xenbase.org)
  • One of the most convincing methods to verify a putative virus receptor is to transfer the receptor gene into a cell line that cannot bind virus and later demonstrate that the receptor-negative cell acquires the ability to bind virus and permit virus to replicate within it after the receptor gene is regained [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of the reporter gene following its switch into cultured cells then provides a sensitive assay for the flexibility of the cloned regulatory sequences to direct transcription. (worksheetkey.com)
  • For short-term experiments, electroporation and adenoviral-mediated gene transfer methods provide transient expression, largely because of the short persistence time of the transgene within the cell. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Here, we aimed at identifying a β-catenin-independent Wnt target gene signature in order to understand the functional significance of non-canonical signaling in colon cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • In combination with transgenic organisms, such enzyme-actuated antisense tools will enable gene silencing in specific cell types, including tissues that are not amenable to optical targeting. (cdc.gov)
  • 11 , 12 Light-dependent gene silencing can be achieved through whole-organism irradiation or the targeted illumination of specific cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Cellular immunology, T cell immunity, autoimmune diseases: The immune system plays a fundamental role in the defense against microbial pathogens. (utsa.edu)
  • Originally demonstrated to control the dynamics of the F- actin cytoskeleton , Rho GTPases have been implicated in many basic cellular processes that influence cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, adhesion, survival, or secretion. (xenbase.org)
  • Such broad tropism of JEV rationally suggests that most possibly there exists more than one cellular receptor responsible for virus binding and entry into susceptible cells above mentioned. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ca 2+ channels in the plasma membrane and in the intracellular membranes are critical in the control of cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. (schoolbag.info)
  • Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • We identified phosphorylation sites in the SNARE domain of Ykt6 that mediate Ykt6 membrane recruitment and are essential for cellular growth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Elizabeth Ann is a clone who brings much-needed genetic diversity to her endangered species. (snexplores.org)
  • We have now cloned a cDNA for mouse zonadhesin (16.4 kb), and it demonstrates a large species variation in the numbers and arrangements of domains. (embl.de)
  • 3. Concepts of species and hierarchical taxa, biological nomenclature, classical methods of the taxonomy of animals. (teachersbadi.in)
  • Insects are one of the most successful animal groups on Earth, accounting for roughly 75% of all animal species. (middlebury.edu)
  • Vertebrates are the largest group of chordates, with currently about 58,000 species described. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • In vitro studies of the metabolism of atrazine, simazine, and terbutryn in several vertebrate species. (cdc.gov)
  • and b) how do stem cells in different tissues coordinate their functions for the fish to maintain its shape during permanent growth? (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the plant ecological adaptations, plant growth and anatomy, Animal dissection, structure and function of tissues, plants and animals diversity. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
  • Epub 2004 Apr 2.PMID 15064403 Chan CC, Zhang S, Cagatay T, Wharton KA Jr. Cell-autonomous, myristyl-independent activity of the Drosophila Wnt/Wingless antagonist Naked cuticle (Nkd). (wikipedia.org)
  • In this tissue, Wg (Drosophila Wnt-I) is presented on the apical surface of its source cells before being internalized into the endosomal pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Epub 2007 Sep 15.PMID 17942091 Yan D, Wallingford JB, Sun TQ, Nelson AM, Sakanaka C, Reinhard C, Harland RM, Fantl WJ, Williams LT. Cell autonomous regulation of multiple Dishevelled-dependent pathways by mammalian Nkd. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rod photoreceptors and rod-connected nerve cells through the retina are responsible for pathways concerned with night vision and increased sensitivity of our visual system under what is called scotopic conditions (conditions of very little ambient light). (utah.edu)
  • Electroporation of chicken embryos involves application of an electric field to the exposed tissue that transiently disrupts the stability of the cell plasma membrane, creating reversible pores through which nucleic acids or their analogues can be readily transported into the cytosol. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The use of this method for transfection into the vertebrate embryos has been facilitated by adapting the voltage parameters and the type and the duration of the electric pulse. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We characterize the activation kinetics of these reagents in vitro and demonstrate their efficacy in zebrafish embryos that express NfsB either ubiquitously or in defined cell populations. (cdc.gov)
  • This invaginating contact is known to bear metabotropic glutamate receptors in the bipolar dendrite membrane (Fig. 5). (utah.edu)
  • Integrin receptors are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, serving as the final common pathway leading to aggregation via formation of platelet-platelet bridges, which are essential in thrombosis and haemostasis. (embl.de)
  • The pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is not definitely elucidated as the initial interaction between virus and host cell receptors required for JEV infection is not clearly defined yet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
  • Initially, all antibodies are of the first form, attached to the surface of a B cell - these are then referred to as B-cell receptors (BCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably, [1] though the term 'antibody' is sometimes reserved for the secreted, soluble form, i.e. excluding B-cell receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Electron microscope investigation of Golgi-impregnated rod bipolar cells first showed that the rod bipolar dendrite penetrates into the rod spherule to make an invaginating ribbon related type of contact (Fig. 4) (Kolb, 1970). (utah.edu)
  • The very low internal concentration is maintained by the active transport of Ca 2+ ions against their concentration gradient by Ca 2+ pumps in the plasma membrane, in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), and in the Golgi membranes. (schoolbag.info)
  • The cells invest energy in this process that not only preserves the low [Ca 2+ ] c but also generates an intracellular source of Ca 2+ within the lumen of intracellular organelles, essentially, the ER/SR and the Golgi apparatus. (schoolbag.info)
  • The ER was originally considered to be the sole dynamic Ca 2+ regulator in the cell, but it has now become clear that the nucleus, the mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, the endosomes/lysosomes, and the secretory vesicles also play fundamental roles (Fig. 1). (schoolbag.info)
  • We have generated several transgenic lines to explore how neuromasts are created after embryonic development (Development 144, 687-697), which are their cells of origin and which and how they integrate the signals from the environment to trigger organ formation. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • 5. DNA replication, repair and recombination - Unit of replication, replication origin and replication fork, Recombinant technology, Transgenic and cloned animals, DNA damage and repair mechanisms. (teachersbadi.in)
  • 16 , 17 In particular, transgenic zebrafish lines that express nfsB in β cells, cardiomyocytes, or other cell types have been established, and their exposure to the metronidazole leads to the targeted loss of these cells. (cdc.gov)
  • 1994). The immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy is now the most illustrative way of seeing the rod bipolar cells in mammalian retinas (Cuenca personal communication) (Fig. 7). (utah.edu)
  • Two amacrine cells are key in the rod pathway circuitry through the mammalian retina (Fig. 10). (utah.edu)
  • SSCs are adult-tissue stem cells in the mammalian testis that balance self renewing and differentiating fate decisions to give rise to and sustain the entire spermatogenic lineage. (utsa.edu)
  • Mammalian alpha-tectorin, which is one of the major non-collagenous components of the tectorial membrane. (embl.de)
  • Mammalian vitellogenin, a major lipoprotein in many oviparous animals, which is a precursor of a lipid-binding product named as lipovitellin. (embl.de)
  • Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by media containing free Ca 2+ concentrations that exceed 1 mM, but they manage to maintain a free Ca 2+ concentration in the cytoplasm that is four orders of magnitude lower. (schoolbag.info)
  • Define the basis of eukaryotic cell biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. (teachersbadi.in)
  • These are characterized by segregated areas of prevalent T- or B-cell aggregation, differentiation of high endothelial venules, and local activation of resident stromal cells, including lymphatic endothelial cells. (cnrs.fr)
  • Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large, multimeric blood glycoprotein synthesized in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is required for normal hemostasis. (embl.de)
  • The Hsieh laboratory is a neural stem cell biology laboratory that focuses on 4 major areas: (1) epilepsy-in-a-dish, (2) 3D cerebral organoids, (3) patient recruitment, and (4) mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. (utsa.edu)
  • BMC Cell Biology, 9 , 45. (springer.com)
  • Biology II covers diverse topics including evolution, systematic, diversity of life, plant form and function, animal form and function, and conservation biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • This course aims at covering diverse topics including evolution, speciation, systematic, diversity of plants and animals, plant form and function, animal form and function, and conservation biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • In vertebrates, naturally-occurring gonadotropins regulate the growth and function of the gonads, known as testes in males and ovaries in females. (asu.edu)
  • This allows the unique combination of microscopic visualisation of EVs in different organs and quantitative biochemical purification to study how EVs are generated within the cells and which factors regulate their secretion in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, we show that the ligands Wnt5a/b are upstream regulators of the non-canonical signature and moreover regulate proliferation of cancer cells in a β-catenin-independent manner. (nature.com)
  • Tachyzoites, duplicating asexually, are crescent-shaped and enter the cell by active penetration of the cytoplasmic membrane or phagocytosis by host cells, then change shape to become oval and are surrounded by the parasite vacuolar membrane (PV) from the host cells, thereby protecting them from host immunity [5], constituting the mechanism of immune evasion of the parasite. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • B-cell proliferation and affinity maturation toward locally displayed autoantigens have been demonstrated at these sites, known as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). (cnrs.fr)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • Our experiments indicate that colon cancer cells are dependent on both β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling routes for growth and proliferation. (nature.com)
  • Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Myristoylated Naked2 escorts transforming growth factor alpha to the basolateral plasma membrane of polarized epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fatty acids specifically related to the anisotropic properties of plasma membrane from rat urothelium. (springer.com)
  • Download free Printable Worksheets, take a look at papers with questions and answers for Class 9 Science for all essential subjects and chapters as per CBSE, NCERT, KVS… The cytoplasm and nucleus are enclosed inside the cell membrane, additionally called the plasma membrane. (worksheetkey.com)
  • Plasma membrane (PM) channels are gated by potential, ligands or by the emptying of Ca 2+ stores. (schoolbag.info)
  • The Ca 2+ signal is characterized by a rapid increase in the concentration of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) attributable to the opening of calcium channels located in the plasma membrane and in the membranes of intracellular calcium stores. (jneurosci.org)
  • They occur in two forms: one that is attached to a B cell , and the other, a soluble form, that is unattached and found in extracellular fluids such as blood plasma . (wikipedia.org)
  • After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inflammatory immune cells recruited at the site of chronic inflammation form structures that resemble secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). (cnrs.fr)
  • We are particularly interested in learning how organs can adapt to the changing organismal size , with a focus on the molecular mechanisms for stem cell coordination within and among organs. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We follow stem cell derived lineages in different organs to learn whether fish use the same stem cells to maintain homeostasis replacemente and to drive growth, or if they have dedicated populations for each feature. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Considering their intrinsic targeting efficiency, CAR-T cells show considerable potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
  • Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
  • VWF mediates the adhesion of platelets to sites of vascular damage by binding to specific platelet membrane glycoproteins and to constituents of exposed connective tissue. (embl.de)
  • Using animal models, the lab uses sophisticated tools to evaluate the evolution of stress-induced alterations in the activity of discrete neural populations and circuits. (utsa.edu)
  • Historically, lineage analysis in vertebrates was performed on entire populations of cells using either transplantation approaches or genetic tools like Cre/LoxP mediated recombination. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We envisioned that enzyme-activatable cMOs could overcome these limitations, as the triggering enzymes could be expressed in individual cell populations using cis regulatory elements. (cdc.gov)
  • What makes this little ferret special is that she is a clone. (snexplores.org)
  • Modification of the cell surface in this way can alter the cell's responsiveness to its environment and release potent soluble regulatory factors. (embl.de)
  • Furthermore, regulatory T cells (Treg), a subset of CD4 T cells exhibiting immunosuppressive functions, have attracted increasing attention regarding CAR-Treg cell production. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • To guarantee the specificity of the signal transmission, the cell organizes dynamically the Ca 2+ fluctuations in the cytosol by varying the distribution, the type, and the availability of the different Ca 2+ transporters, and it increases the spatial and temporal complexity of Ca 2+ homeostasis by compartmentalizing the signals into the organelles. (schoolbag.info)
  • The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus , or any other membrane-bound organelles. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • To elucidate the structure and properties of this channel, we used Xenopus oocytes for expression cloning of two functional complementary DNAs encoding an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel. (nih.gov)
  • In collaboration with mathematicians, we focus on how many stem cells and stem cell types are required to setting up a functional organ during embryogenesis and in an already developed organism. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • There is an immense functional heterogeneity among stem cell within a population, considering proliferative capacity and differentiation potential. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • We are tackling functional heterogeneities on somatic stem cells by combining metabolic reporters in vivo with lineage progression. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion enables cell-cell communication in multicellular organisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression systems are developed by cloning in the specific antibody DNA sequences from immunoreactive rabbits. (thermofisher.com)
  • Flow (Intracellular): NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on THP-1 cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524AF488 (blue) and a matched isotype control NBP2-27287AF488 (orange). (novusbio.com)
  • Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524APC (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
  • Flow Cytometry: NOD2 Antibody (2D9) [NB100-524] - An intracellular stain was performed on Jurkat cells with NOD2 (2D9) antibody NB100-524PE (blue) and a matched isotype control (orange). (novusbio.com)
  • Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
  • This allows for both divergence of the rod signal and collection (convergence) of signals from many rods and rod bipolars, by means of these amacrine cells, before synaptic output to ganglion cells. (utah.edu)
  • Laminin-5-integrin interaction signals through PI 3-kinase and Rac1b to promote assembly of adherens junctions in HT-29 cells. (xenbase.org)
  • Considering its pleiotropic role, it seems evident that the cells, to get a specific message in the proper time and manner, need precise and efficient mechanisms to encode and decode Ca 2+ signals. (schoolbag.info)
  • It is intriguing to observe that cells can encode and discriminate Ca 2+ signals not only according to their magnitude but also according to their localization (microdomains) and shape;i.e., cells can discriminate between sustained and oscillatory signals. (schoolbag.info)
  • The mechanisms by which cells decode Ca 2+ signals are now explored in numerous laboratories. (schoolbag.info)
  • Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
  • Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) are engineered recombinant T cells, which were initially used to treat hematopoietic malignancies and are now widely used in the treatment of various diseases. (zoores.ac.cn)
  • The advantages of using recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies include: better specificity and sensitivity, lot-to-lot consistency, animal origin-free formulations, and broader immunoreactivity to diverse targets due to larger rabbit immune repertoire. (thermofisher.com)
  • The receptor was proved to be mGluR6 by Numura and coauthors (1994) and Vardi and Morigawa (1997) using immunocytochemistry against the cloned mGluR6 receptor. (utah.edu)
  • We will study the phylogeny, anatomy, physiology, and ecology of the major extinct and extant taxa of vertebrates and discuss how each group solves the problems of finding food, finding mates, and avoiding predators. (middlebury.edu)
  • 4 Cell division and cell cycle - Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in the cell cycle, regulation and control of cell cycle. (teachersbadi.in)
  • Generally, extracellular stimuli are converted in a transient increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, [Ca 2+ ] c , which, in turn, modulates cell function. (schoolbag.info)
  • The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Discuss animal diversity, structure and function particularly those regulating the animal life and homeostasis. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • By applying several successive square pulses at a very low voltage, with long rest periods in between, one can successfully deliver a DNA construct or another small charged particle into the cytoplasm, with minimal cell death, high efficiency of the uptake and good embryonic survival rate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These foci (nucleoids) are tethered directly or indirectly through mitochondrial membranes to kinesin, marked by KIF5B, and microtubules in the surrounding cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DHH/PTC1 signaling triggers differentiation of Leydig cells by up-regulating Steroidogenic Factor 1 and expression of cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage enzyme located outside testicular cord [ 145 ]. (regenmedres-journal.org)
  • In most human cells, mitochondria contain 10 3 -10 4 copies of a circular genome of 16,569 base-pairs that encodes two ribosomal RNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 polypeptides that form parts of the respiratory-chain located in the inner mitochondrial membrane [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
  • A provirus is a virus genome that is integrated into the DNA of a host cell.This state can be a stage of virus replication, or a state that persists over longer periods of time as either inactive viral infections or an endogenous retrovirus. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • The release of soluble tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from its membrane-bound precursor is one of the most intensively studied shedding events because this inflammatory cytokine is so physiologically important. (embl.de)
  • We have now purified and cloned a metalloproteinase that specifically cleaves precursor TNF-alpha. (embl.de)
  • Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane. (lookformedical.com)
  • Students will learn to identify some anatomical structures of the vertebrate body and learn basic functions and the evolutionary homologies for these structures. (middlebury.edu)
  • Categorize the major groups of plants and animals and know their taxonomy, structures, ecology and adaptations in relation to the habitats. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • This course will explore the evolution of the vertebrate classes and the adaptations that allow them to live in almost every habitat on Earth. (middlebury.edu)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • Excessive immune and inflammatory responses can cause a wide spectrum of pathologies, thus resulting in either cell lesions or tissue damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together with B and T cells , antibodies comprise the most important part of the adaptive immune system . (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptosis Programmed Cell Death (PCD). (agemed.org)
  • We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
  • They are tachyzoites (present as clusters or clones in acute infections), bradyzoites (in the form of chronic infections that arise from tissue cysts), and sporozoites (produced during sexual reproduction in the form of oocysts) [4]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • The results suggest that clusters of mitochondrial genomes organize the translation machineries on both sides of the mitochondrial membranes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some animals are even completely nocturnal and have lost some of their cone types and their cone system neurons. (utah.edu)
  • Multiple copies of oligonucleotides corresponding to the GC box sequence had been certain to a solid help, and cell extracts had been passed through the oligonucleotide column. (worksheetkey.com)
  • For this reason, the availability of a specific virus receptor-negative/-defective cell line is usually a prerequisite for virus receptor confirmation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP 3 R) occurs in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • The susceptibility to JEV of 3A10-3F cells was significantly weakened compared with parental BHK-21 cells, verified by indirect immunofluorescence assay, virus plague formation assay, and flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circadian rhythms have been widely observed in plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. (absoluteastronomy.com)