Cell membrane setting the membrane potential. Medical search. Frequent questions

The membrane also contains membrane proteins, including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters, and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer (peripheral) side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment. (wikipedia.org)
The instrument could resolve thicknesses that depended on pH measurements and the presence of membrane proteins that ranged from 8.6 to 23.2 nm, with the lower measurements supporting the lipid bilayer hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the low abundance of most native ion channel proteins in mammalian cells, the purified native ion channel complexes are commonly contaminated by an overwhelming number and/or amount of non-specifically co-purified proteins, which makes the downstream mass-spectrometric and functional analyses very difficult. (mdanderson.org)
They have devised a method for targeting venom proteins specifically to malignant cells while sparing healthy ones, which reduces or eliminates side effects that the toxins would otherwise cause. (scienceblog.com)
Venom from snakes, bees and scorpions contains proteins and peptides which, when separated from the other components and tested individually, can attach to cancer cell membranes. (scienceblog.com)
This includes the early recognition of these immunogenic membrane proteins that can serve as diagnostic markers, and the targeting of such markers for the destruction of the tumor, primarily thru ADCC. (jcancer.org)
The monoclonals (mAbs) that we have developed against specific immunogenic tumor membrane proteins have been studied in detail. (jcancer.org)
We were also able to define immunogenic membrane proteins from lung (squamous and adenoCa) as well as prostate neoplasms. (jcancer.org)
We will also look at the combination of mAbs with immunostimulants such as GMCSF and IL-2 (fusion proteins) and eventual conjugation of the mAbs with alpha and possibly B -emitters to help in targeting bystander cells. (jcancer.org)
Timely results for microbial bioburden monitoring of in-process cell culture samples are critical to the production process for recombinant proteins and other biopharmaceutical products. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
Here we show in human cell lines that alternative 3' UTRs differentially regulate the localization of membrane proteins. (nih.gov)
3' UTR-dependent protein localization has the potential to be a widespread trafficking mechanism for membrane proteins because HuR binds to thousands of mRNAs, and we show that the long 3' UTRs of CD44, ITGA1 and TNFRSF13C, which are bound by HuR, increase surface protein expression compared to their corresponding short 3' UTRs. (nih.gov)
Their experiments in immune cells and amoeba show that an abundance of negative charges lining the interior surface of the membrane can activate pathways of lipids, enzymes and other proteins responsible for nudging a cell in a certain direction. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Banerjee had a hunch that a general biophysical property, such as electrical charge, rather than a specific molecule, could be stimulating and organizing the activities of enzymes and other proteins related to cell movement. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Alternatively, along the cells' resting membrane surface, the electrical charge increased, which contributes in recruiting more positively charged proteins. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The ability of ion channels to accomplish these three physiological functions also requires the housekeeping operation of another class of membrane proteins, the transporters and pumps, to set up standing ion concentration gradients across cell membranes. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels are membrane proteins. (scholarpedia.org)
Ion channels have many features of typical membrane proteins. (scholarpedia.org)
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying multiple tumor-associated proteins inherited from parental cells play crucial roles in noninvasive breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
However, it is challenging to assess the subtle variations of surface proteins on sEV membranes due to the highly heterogeneous BC. (bvsalud.org)
The electro-mechanical coupling behaviour of many materials in systems from bio based cell membranes and proteins to ferroelectric and piezoelectric electronic materials can now be analysed in great detail via Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). (nanotech-now.com)
MemBrite™ Fix dyes covalently label cell surface proteins, and are available in with a wide selection of bright and photostable colors. (biotium.com)
Specifically, the use of leukocyte-derived membrane proteins to functionalize nanovesicles (leukosomes) can enable their long circulation and target the inflamed endothelium present in many inflammatory pathologies and tumors, making them a promising and versatile drug delivery system. (frontiersin.org)
An international team of researchers is studying the proteins found on the surface of cancer cells in an effort to improve mesothelioma diagnosis. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
A test to identify a set of proteins produced specifically by mesothelioma cells could greatly improve diagnostic accuracy. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Cell penetrating proteins or peptides (CPPs) have the ability to cross the plasma membranes of mammalian cells in an apparently energy- and receptorindependent fashion. (benthamscience.com)
Although there is much debate over the mechanism by which this "protein transduction" occurs, the ability of CPPs to translocate rapidly into cells is being exploited to deliver a broad range of therapeutics including proteins, DNA, antibodies, oligonucleotides, imaging agents and liposomes in a variety of situations and biological systems. (benthamscience.com)
COPD-derived AECs proliferated as healthy AECs with few differences in gene and protein expression while retaining increased expression of disease marker HLA-A. The AEC2 expressed basement membrane components and a complex set of interstitial ECM proteins. (lu.se)
This study reveals a previously unexplored potential of AEC to directly contribute to ECM turnover by producing interstitial ECM proteins, motivating a re-evaluation of the role of AEC2 in pathological lung remodelling. (lu.se)

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell, being selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Ion channels are membrane protein complexes that translocate ions across cell or organelle membranes, underlying a broad range of the most basic physiological processes from nerve and muscle excitability, to membrane potential setting, pH/cell volume regulation, secretion and absorption. (mdanderson.org)
Glucagon secretion has been linked to several triggers: the α-cell detecting a fall in circulating glucose levels directly, a paracrine response to signal(s) from the islet β-cell (e.g., insulin, γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA], or Zn 2+ ions) or the islet δ-cell (somatostatin), or a response to neural signals ( 2 - 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
This resting potential is determined by the concentration gradients of 2 major ions, Na + and K + , and the relative membrane permeability to these ions (also known as leak currents). (medscape.com)
The concentration gradients are maintained by the sodium/potassium ATP pump (in an energy-dependent process) that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. (medscape.com)
In addition, because the nerve membrane is permeable to potassium ions and impermeable to sodium ions, 95% of the ionic leak in excitable cells is caused by K + ions in the form of an outward flux, accounting for the negative resting potential. (medscape.com)
Initially, sodium ions gradually enter the cell through the nerve cell membrane. (medscape.com)
The entry of sodium ions causes the transmembrane electric potential to increase from the resting potential. (medscape.com)
Once the potential reaches a threshold level of approximately -55 mV, a rapid influx of sodium ions ensues. (medscape.com)
Once membrane depolarization is complete, the membrane becomes impermeable to sodium ions again, and the conductance of potassium ions into the cell increases. (medscape.com)
Ryanodine is an ion channel, embedded in an internal membrane within the muscle cell, that surrounds a pocket of calcium ions. (the-scientist.com)
Since the flow of ions moves charge and constitutes an electric current, channel opening and closing underlie all electrical signaling of electrically excitable cells such as nerve and muscle. (scholarpedia.org)
Flux of ions through ion channels contributes to the electrolyte movements required for volume regulation of single cells and for the net polarized transport of salt across epithelia like gut, kidney, or the choroid plexus. (scholarpedia.org)
A few ions, notably Ca 2+ , make regulatory signals inside cells. (scholarpedia.org)
They span the membrane of cells, allowing the selective permeation of K + ions from one side of the membrane to the other, usually from the inside of the cell to the outside. (ersjournals.com)
They allow the selective flow of potassium ions across the cell membrane, which helps to establish and maintain the resting membrane potential of cells. (medicosnotes.com)
The subunits come together to form a pore that allows the selective passage of potassium ions across the cell membrane. (medicosnotes.com)
Potassium channels help to regulate the electrical activity of cells by controlling the flow of potassium ions across the cell membrane. (medicosnotes.com)
By regulating the flow of potassium ions, potassium channels help to control the excitability of neurons and the frequency and timing of action potentials. (medicosnotes.com)
Although the exact mechanism by which local anesthetics retard the influx of sodium ions into the cell is unknown, 2 theories have been proposed. (medscape.com)

Consequently, all of the lipids extracted from the cells can be assumed to have resided in the cells' plasma membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Purification and Proteomic Analysis of Plant Plasma Membranes. (lu.se)

Since mature mammalian red blood cells lack both nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles, the plasma membrane is the only lipid-containing structure in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
The large-conductance, Ca 2+ and voltage-activated K + channel (BK, also termed as BK Ca , Maxi-K, K Ca1.1 or Slo1) is a unique member of the mammalian K + channel family, which has the largest single channel conductance and is dually activated by membrane voltage and intracellular Ca 2+ . (mdanderson.org)
Furthermore, although a monoculture of mammalian cells is expected in the cell culture process, the presence of a certain level of bioburden can be tolerated with validated removal systems in place during downstream purification (sterility is not a requirement at this stage, where the presence of bioburden is an operational concern for the process). (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
Dulhunty had set up electrophysiology experiments on a receptor from mammalian cardiac muscle fiber to measure its activity, and her initial measurements on the receptor's activity were going nicely. (the-scientist.com)
It is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that has high affinity for sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and stains yeast bud scars as well as the cell membrane of gram+ bacteria and mammalian cells. (biotium.com)

It is how electrical signals in electrically excitable cells couple to hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, and changes in gene expression. (scholarpedia.org)
This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. (ersjournals.com)

Day 2 will focus on fuel cells stacks incorporating polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMFCs). (sae.org)
This classification includes alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). (asminternational.org)
Low-temperature fuel cells , such as polymer electrolyte , alkaline, and phosphoric acid. (asminternational.org)
Low-temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte, alkaline, and phosphoric acid, and high-temperature fuel cells, such as molten carbonate and solid oxide, are discussed. (asminternational.org)

In addition, cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity, and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall and the carbohydrate layer called the glycocalyx, as well as the intracellular network of protein fibers called the cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
However, some microscopists correctly identified at this time that while invisible, it could be inferred that cell membranes existed in animal cells due to intracellular movement of components internally but not externally and that membranes were not the equivalent of a plant cell wall. (wikipedia.org)
The process restores the excess of intracellular potassium and extracellular sodium and reinstates the negative resting membrane potential. (medscape.com)
This work package utilises our large islet RNA data sets as well as a new human islet cell encyclopedia generated by single-cell RNA sequencing, and focuses on miRNA translation pathways, membrane receptor and intracellular Ca2+ signalling pathways. (lu.se)

Activation of the MS-DBB led to fast, AMPA receptor-mediated glutamatergic responses in CA3 pyramidal cells. (jneurosci.org)
Beta-3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) as well as chondromodulin-1 (CHM1) are over-expressed in Ewing Sarcoma (ES) but not on T cells. (oncotarget.com)
Dulhunty and her colleagues were studying how the ryanodine receptor, a type of protein receptor, functions in muscle cells. (the-scientist.com)
A membrane receptor reagent and assay is disclosed in which liposomes are bound to an evanescent wave emitting surface. (google.com)
The effects of input location, receptor conductance, channel properties and membrane time constant during plateau were explored. (yale.edu)
In addition we have recently started to explore the structure and molecular function of pain receptors from animals, i.e. transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels, and their activation by temperature and various ligands. (lu.se)
BT-474 cells, obtained expression of the receptor has important implications for their biology from American Type Culture Collection, were maintained in RPMI 1640 and therapy (1). (lu.se)

Ion channels are ion-permeable pores in the lipid membranes of all cells. (scholarpedia.org)
Structure and Stability of the Spinach Aquaporin SoPIP2;1 in Detergent Micelles and Lipid Membranes. (lu.se)

It was not until later studies with osmosis and permeability that cell membranes gained more recognition. (wikipedia.org)

β-Cells depend on the islet basement membrane (BM). (nature.com)
Affected areas may appear yellowish in time, as endothelial cells proliferate and produce basement membrane. (medscape.com)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a critical role in progression of cancer by degrading and remodeling ECM, enabling cells to overcome tissue barriers, travel within the circulatory system before extravasating to produce a secondary tumor 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
What they do is go directly to the tumor, where they bind to cancer stem cells, blocking their growth and spread. (scienceblog.com)
It is required by FDA that the potential effects of tumor control and toxicity be defined using the naked antibodies produced under GMP conditions, In those situations where patients with recurrent malignancies are to be studied we have come to realize that a number of factors can influence the response to monoclonal therapy. (jcancer.org)
Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
The findings, described in the October issue of Nature Cell Biology , advance biologists' understanding of cell movement and potentially can help explain biological processes associated with movement, such as how cancer cells move and spread beyond the original site of a tumor and how immune cells migrate to areas of infection or wound healing. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Timothy Lu '03, MEng '03, PhD '08, a professor of biological engineering and EECS and a researcher at the Broad Institute, kicks things off by measuring the impact of making genetic changes to single tumor cells. (technologyreview.com)
We demonstrated leukosomes biocompatibility, endothelium adhesion capability, and tumor target in three-dimensional (3D) settings using CRC cell lines. (frontiersin.org)

Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine say that a key to cellular movement is to regulate the electrical charge on the interior side of the cell membrane, potentially paving the way for understanding cancer, immune cell and other types of cell motion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

3. About 80% of the neurones with intact cortical connections were set into the slow oscillatory mode by bringing their membrane potential to between -68 and -90 mV. (researchgate.net)
4. Anatomical or functional disconnection from related cortical areas resulted in a membrane potential hyperpolarization of about 9 mV and in the occurrence of spontaneous slow oscillations in virtually all recorded neurones. (researchgate.net)
Together, our results demonstrate that OS of complex and simple cells is differentially shaped by cortical inhibition based on its orientation tuning profile relative to excitation, which is contributed at least partially by the spatial organization of RFs of presynaptic inhibitory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Plateau potentials may allow cortical pyramidal neurons to tune into ongoing network activity and potentially enable synchronized firing, to form active neural ensembles. (yale.edu)

BK channels play a variety of physiologically important roles, such as neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release, frequency tuning of auditory hair cells, hormone secretion, and contractile tone of smooth muscles. (mdanderson.org)
Thus, it is important to elucidate the signals that trigger glucagon secretion and the transduction of these signals within the α-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
There is good reason to believe that glucagon release, like insulin release, is influenced by physiological α-cell electrical activity and Ca 2+ influx and fundamentally resembles the excitation-secretion coupling seen in many secretory cell types ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Hypoglycemic conditions can promote glucagon secretion by stimulating α-cell electrical activity and Ca 2+ entry. (diabetesjournals.org)
This is accompanied by increased, VAMP3-dependent secretion of MT1-MMP, enhanced degradation of extracellular matrix, and increased cell invasion. (nature.com)
We show that loss of WDFY2 leads to enhanced secretion of MT1-MMP and allows cells to actively invade into ECM. (nature.com)
In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)
In addition to providing biomechanical support to the islets, ECM components are required for β-cell development, proliferation, survival, and proper insulin secretion. (nature.com)
Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

The long 3' UTR of CD47 enables efficient cell surface expression of CD47 protein, whereas the short 3' UTR primarily localizes CD47 protein to the endoplasmic reticulum. (nih.gov)
They are synthesized and inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, glycosylated in the Golgi, and transported and inserted into target membranes by membrane fusion. (scholarpedia.org)

To visualize the glutamatergic neurons, we used MS-DBB slices from transgenic mice in which the green fluorescent protein is expressed specifically by vesicular glutamate transporter 2-positive neurons and characterized their properties using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. (jneurosci.org)
By cracking open a cellular membrane, Northwestern University synthetic biologists have discovered a new way to increase production yields of protein-based vaccines, significantly broadening access to potentially lifesaving medicines. (nsf.gov)
Here, we have studied the function of WDFY2, a cytosolic protein that has been described to reside on endocytic vesicles close to the plasma membrane 6 . (nature.com)
To define the localization of WDFY2 in the endocytic pathway, we transiently transfected hTERT-RPE1 cells with green flourescent protein (GFP)-WDFY2 and performed structured illumination microscopy (SIM) together with APPL1 and EEA1 visualized with antibodies (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
In our model of 3' UTR-dependent protein localization, the long 3' UTR of CD47 acts as a scaffold to recruit a protein complex containing the RNA-binding protein HuR (also known as ELAVL1) and SET to the site of translation. (nih.gov)
Low protein-binding PES (polyethersulfone) membrane reduces potential for. (thomasnet.com)
The simple and sensitive signal amplification strategy exhibits great potential for early clinic diagnosis by precise protein profiling of sEVs. (bvsalud.org)
Protein Transduction: Cell Penetrating Peptides and Their Therapeutic Applications, Frontiers in Medicinal Chemistry (2010) 5: 98. (benthamscience.com)
Affinity tags can reduce merohedral twinning of membrane protein crystals. (lu.se)

The α-cell of the pancreatic islet modulates glucose homeostasis by secreting glucagon that acts primarily by driving hepatic glucose production. (diabetesjournals.org)
thus, glucose responsiveness has been linked to the activity of K ATP , which sets the resting membrane potential of pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Pancreatic pericytes directly support β-cells through mostly unidentified secreted factors. (nature.com)

Cancer cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases to remodel the extracellular matrix, which enables them to overcome tissue barriers and form metastases. (nature.com)
One of the most life-threatening aspects of cancer is the ability of transformed cells to invade into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring tissue to form metastases 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
These particles, which are camouflaged from the immune system, take the toxin directly to the cancer cells, sparing normal tissue. (scienceblog.com)
IMs are found in the space between the tissue stroma cells and contain, among other components, fibrillar collagens and fibronectin. (nature.com)
First, ES requires contact with tissue to excite action potentials. (nature.com)
As a result, ES excites distant neural tissue beyond the intended target leading to potential misdiagnosis of nerve functionality and viability. (nature.com)
Also, they can clump together or agglomerate, which can affect their potential for settling in the lungs if inhaled, their ability to penetrate the body's membranes and consequently move from the lungs to other organs, and their interaction with cells and tissue. (cdc.gov)
The initial tissue reaction to infection is a focal, intensely suppurative necrosis consisting largely of accumulations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, followed by invasion of macrophages, epithelioid cells, and lymphocytes. (cdc.gov)
The key elements of tissue engineering are stem cells, morphogen, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Postnatal stem cells have been sourced from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, bone marrow, peripheral blood, body fat, and almost all body tissues, including the pulp tissue of teeth 8 . (bvsalud.org)
These dental stem cells are considered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and possess different levels of capacities to become specific tissue forming cells. (bvsalud.org)

Ion channels have long been key therapeutic targets in disease intervention and pharmaceutical drug development because of their direct involvement in diverse diseases, vulnerability to small molecular modulation, and accessibility for direct activity measurement on cell membranes by patch-clamp recording from whole cell to single molecule levels. (mdanderson.org)
The H is left holding the primary burden of the potential since it has both positive charge exposed and has lost magnetic additon to the O. When a H bond forms, the H has more to gain than the O, or else O would not have taken the extra charge in the first place within the single H2O molecule. (scienceforums.net)
One of the more common cell traffickers is P-selectin, a molecule that lightly binds the white blood cells called neutrophils. (mit.edu)
The membrane potential (MP) controls cell homeostasis by directing molecule transport and gene expression. (bvsalud.org)

Rohit Karnik, an associate professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, says the key to recovering such pure, functional cells lies in the microchip's adaption of the body's natural process of cell rolling. (mit.edu)
Normally, the body's protective white blood cells circulate through the bloodstream, patrolling for signs of pathogens. (mit.edu)

For assessing the function of the glutamatergic projection, we used an in vitro septohippocampal preparation, electrically stimulated the fornix or chemically activated the MS-DBB using NMDA microinfusions and recorded postsynaptic responses in CA3 pyramidal cells. (jneurosci.org)
The intrinsic nature of the phenomenon was supported by the lack of rhythmic postsynaptic potentials as the cells were prevented from oscillating by outward current injection. (researchgate.net)

Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
Regenerative endodontic procedures can be defined as biologically based procedures designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp-dentin complex. (bvsalud.org)
The major areas of research that might have application in the development of regenerative endodontic techniques are (a) postnatal stem cells, (b) scaffold materials, (c) morphogen/growth factors, (d) implantation. (bvsalud.org)
The most valuable cells for regenerative endodontics are postnatal or adult stem cells. (bvsalud.org)

This study implied that KCNK2, KCNK4, KCNK5 and KCNK15 are potential targets of precision therapy for patients with thyroid cancer and these genes are new biomarkers for the therapeutic target for thyroid cancer. (jcancer.org)
The present paper reviews the potential therapeutic value of such mAbs in the treatment of recurrent malignancies, especially those having failed chemotherapy in established clinical trials. (jcancer.org)
Hence, recapitulating the islet ECM in both isolated islets and stem-cell-derived β-cells is of high therapeutic value. (nature.com)
They also explored its potential as a therapeutic drug for use in preventing cardiac arrhythmias. (the-scientist.com)
Overall, our study offers a novel conceptual framework for biomimetic NPs using a DoE strategy and consolidates the high therapeutic potential of leukosomes as a viable drug delivery system for anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic applications. (frontiersin.org)
The current review looks at the delivery of many such molecules by various CPPs, and their potential therapeutic application in a wide range of areas. (benthamscience.com)
Evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel insulinotropic and glucagonostatic agents. (lu.se)

Day 1 will have a brief introduction to fuel cells and then go through fundamentals of fuel cells: the thermodynamic principles involving the electrochemical potential, the kinetics of electrode reactions, principles of electrocatalysis, and electrochemical methods of characterization. (sae.org)
This type of redox reaction is often discussed in terms of redox couples and electrode potentials. (wikipedia.org)

Caco-2 cells are known to form tight junctions ( 13 - 14 ), have structural properties similar to those of ileal enterocytes ( 15 ) and are hence useful models as they mimic the gastrointestinal tract. (iiarjournals.org)
F. tularensis can infect humans through the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs. (cdc.gov)

We further found that the pericytic laminin isoforms differentially regulate mouse β-cells. (nature.com)

As the frontline defense of the cell against exterior influences, the phospholipid membrane is key in structure, defense, and signaling, but current omics studies are only just now catching up to the potential hidden within cellular lipid profiles. (tennessee.edu)
Examination of shifts in phospholipid speciation and character could provide researchers with a wealth of information about how a cell attempts to adapt and survive when faced with adverse conditions. (tennessee.edu)

KCNKs, potassium two pore domain channel family K members, can maintain the resting potential, regulate the amplitude and duration of the plateau of the action potential, and change the membrane potential and membrane excitability. (jcancer.org)
Thus, we hypothesized that pericytes regulate β-cells through the production of BM components. (nature.com)
They regulate the excitability of cells and contribute to their resting membrane potential [ 1 , 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)

AD has a complex etiology that involves activation of multiple immunological and inflammatory pathways along with disruption of epidermal barriers, elevated IgE levels, peripheral eosinophilia, and a predominance of Th2 cells expressing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space). (wikipedia.org)
This facilitates interaction of SET with the newly translated cytoplasmic domains of CD47 and results in subsequent translocation of CD47 to the plasma membrane via activated RAC1 (ref. 5). (nih.gov)

We found that glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons as a population display a highly heterogeneous set of firing patterns including fast-, cluster-, burst-, and slow-firing. (jneurosci.org)

Abstract This article describes the classification of fuel cells depending on the operating temperature and type of electrolytes used. (asminternational.org)
Abstract This article describes the ideal performance of various low-temperature and high-temperature fuel cells that depends on the electrochemical reactions that occur between different fuels and oxygen. (asminternational.org)

The active properties of the cell were tuned to match the voltage waveform, amplitude and duration of experimentally observed plateau potentials. (yale.edu)

Finally, the results of ROC curves, immunohistochemical staining, immune cell infiltration and kinase / miRNA / transcription factor regulation showed that KCNK2, KCNK4, KCNK5 and KCNK15 levels could be used as biomarkers for PTC diagnosis. (jcancer.org)
The peri-islet membrane, which encapsulates the islets, separates the endocrine cells from the exocrine pancreas and serves as a barrier from immune cell infiltration to the islets. (nature.com)
Study: regulating electrical charge on the inner side of a cell membrane is a key to cell movement, with implications for understanding cancer, immune cell and other types of cell motion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
To test this idea, Banerjee and Devreotes used a biosensor, a fluorescently-labelled, positively-charged peptide to survey the inner lining of the membrane of human immune cells, called macrophages, which engulf invading cells, and a single-celled, soil dwelling amoeba, called Dictyostelium discoideum . (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The standardized potency of the 4 metal oxide nanoparticle clusters was compared: 3 clusters (I, II and IV) showed signs of elevated immune system activity and cell membrane damage. (cdc.gov)
In Papers I and Paper III of my thesis, we examined stem cell-derived therapies' potential on two most common conditions of xerostomia, which are acute irradiated and chronic immune dysregulation-caused salivary gland hypofunction. (lu.se)

The detection and enumeration of microorganisms is achieved by the system through a sequential series of computerised algorithms, which discriminate between fluorescent signal generated by bacterial cells and nonspecific fluorescence generated by debris or other material on the filter membrane. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
DiA 4-(4-Dihexadecylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide) is a green fluorescent membrane dye which diffuses much faster than DiO in cell membranes. (biotium.com)

Lacking a stimulation artifact and having a higher degree of spatial specificity, infrared neural stimulation (INS) has the potential to improve upon clinical ES for IONM. (nature.com)
These findings underscore the clinical potential of INS to improve IONM and surgical outcomes. (nature.com)
What's more, the team found that the sorted cells were undamaged and functional, potentially enabling clinicians not only to obtain a white blood cell count, but also to use the cells to perform further genetic or clinical tests. (mit.edu)
A metagenomic whole genome shotgun sequencing approach was used for rhizospheric soil micribiome of the wild plant Abutilon fruticosum in order to detect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) along with their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and to detect potential risk of these ARGs to human health upon transfer to clinical isolates. (springeropen.com)
The study emphasized the potential risk to human health of such human pathogenic or commensal bacteria, being transferred via food chain or horizontally transferred to human clinical isolates. (springeropen.com)
Although many questions remain to be answered and limitations on the use of CPPs exist, it is clear that this emerging technology has much to offer in a clinical setting. (benthamscience.com)
Secreted EVs from stem cells have become a hot topic with high research and clinical interest since they avoid concerns about the risks associated with directly injecting stem cells into the human body. (lu.se)
RIDTs may be used to help with diagnostic and treatment decisions for patients in clinical settings, such as whether to prescribe antiviral medications. (cdc.gov)
To obtain an independent test set, the remaining 11 of the 58 tumors were selected from an ongoing clinical trial and used here as a blinded sion via ER,3 however the details of the estrogen effect on down- test set. (lu.se)
Patients who survive the initial infection often require prolonged artificial respiratory support (mechanical ventilation or extra corporeal membrane oxygenation), so even a few cases impact significantly on higher-level clinical services. (who.int)

Stimulus-induced α-cell electrical activity results from depolarization-induced opening of voltage-gated Ca 2+ and K + channels ( 2 , 9 - 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The depolarization first activates the low voltage-activated T-type Ca 2+ channels, which have been implicated in action potential initiation ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Local anesthetics inhibit depolarization of the nerve membrane by interfering with both Na+ and K+ currents. (medscape.com)

However, key questions remain as to whether the glutamatergic neurons can be distinguished from other MS-DBB neurons electrophysiologically, which hippocampal cell types they target, and the functional consequence of this projection. (jneurosci.org)
In this study, we aimed to characterize the intrinsic membrane properties of glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons and examine whether the glutamatergic septohippocampal pathway is functional. (jneurosci.org)
It discusses the functional aspects of the stack key components, including the membrane, porous electrodes, gas diffusion media, current collectors and water and thermal management. (sae.org)
Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

While some islet BM components are produced by endothelial cells (ECs), the source of others remains unknown. (nature.com)

Recent studies show that modulation of TASK-1 channels, either directly or indirectly by targeting their regulatory mechanisms, has the potential to control pulmonary arterial tone in humans. (ersjournals.com)

In 1890, an update to the Cell Theory stated that cell membranes existed, but were merely secondary structures. (wikipedia.org)
In the primary visual cortex (V1), orientation-selective neurons can be categorized into simple and complex cells primarily based on their receptive field (RF) structures. (jneurosci.org)
Induced differentiation of cancer cells into basally polarized multicellular structures restores widespread GJIC and NKCC responses, but these structures display the lowest MP. (bvsalud.org)

In order to evaluate the premise that the ScanRDI™ assay is comparable to the growth-based membrane filtration assay for the purpose of detecting the presence of bioburden in cell culture samples, a master validation plan was drafted at Wyeth Biotech, Andover MA (USA), including elements of method evaluation, concurrent testing, method validation and crossover studies. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
In the application described herein, the ScanRDI™ assay is intended to detect a low-level bacterial contamination in a background of millions of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)

In the field of synthetic biology, cell membranes can be artificially reassembled. (wikipedia.org)
The new manufacturing platform -- called in vitro conjugate vaccine expression, or iVAX -- is made possible by cell-free synthetic biology, a process in which researchers remove a cell's outer wall or membrane and repurpose its internal machinery. (nsf.gov)
Rather than having to wait sometimes days to get the results of a biochemistry experiment, with electrophysiology "you see what is happening in an individual cell in the moment," says the muscle biology researcher and now emeritus professor at Australian National University in Canberra. (the-scientist.com)
Our cells are moving within our body more than we imagine," says Peter Devreotes, Ph.D. , the Isaac Morris and Lucille Elizabeth Hay Professor and Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Cell Biology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Tatsat Banerjee, a graduate student in Cell Biology and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Departments at Johns Hopkins and the lead author of the study, began to notice that negatively charged lipid molecules that line the inner layer of cell membranes were not uniform, as scientists previously thought. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Molecular Membrane Biology 2013, 30 (3):246-260. (lu.se)

1% TF extract with 0.1% HC inhibited skin inflammation through decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration as well as inhibition of Orai-1 expression in skin tissues. (hindawi.com)
The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
HvPIP1;6, a Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plasma Membrane Water Channel Particularly Expressed in Growing Compared with Non-Growing Leaf Tissues. (lu.se)
All tissues originate from stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
A stem cell is commonly defined as a cell that has the ability to continuously divide and produce progeny cells that differentiate (develop) into various other types of cells or tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Tissues and Cells. (lu.se)

The vascular BM surrounds the islet capillary network and directly contacts mouse endocrine cells. (nature.com)

Included will be the set of governing equations that define the physical processes involved in single cells. (sae.org)
The article explains the corrosion processes in fuel cells due to solid-gas interactions, solid-liquid interactions, and solid-solid interactions. (asminternational.org)
The optimization of pharmaceutical formulations may represent a daunting challenge since even relatively simple processes can be affected by many variables, each one with its own potential contribution to the results. (frontiersin.org)

Voltage-clamp recordings further revealed that although excitatory inputs to complex and simple cells exhibited a similar degree of OS, inhibition in complex cells was more narrowly tuned than excitation, whereas in simple cells inhibition was more broadly tuned than excitation. (jneurosci.org)
Plateau potentials profoundly change neuronal state -- a plateau potential triggered in one basal dendrite depolarizes the soma and shortens membrane time constant, making the cell more susceptible to action potential firing triggered by other afferent inputs. (yale.edu)

Whereas α2 laminins promoted islet cell clustering, they did not affect gene expression. (nature.com)

Many of the molecules involved in cell movement become activated in the leading edge of the cell, or where it forms a kind of foot, or protrusion, that orients the cell in a particular direction. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
He noticed that these set of molecules consistently leave the regions where a cell makes a protrusion. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The Johns Hopkins researchers also engineered novel highly charged, genetically encoded molecules that can be moved within the cell with light. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
When one region of the body becomes infected or inflamed, cells lining the blood vessels in that region present certain sticky molecules that gently grab white blood cells from the bloodstream, "rolling" the cells along the vessel wall until they reach the afflicted area. (mit.edu)
The sticky molecules act as cell traffickers, directing particular cells to areas of the body where they're needed. (mit.edu)

Suppurative lesions become granulomatous, and histopathological examination of the granulomas shows a central necrotic, sometimes caseating, zone surrounded by a layer of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and fibroblasts in a radial arrangement, typical of other granulomatous conditions such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. (cdc.gov)

WDFY2 knockout causes a strong redistribution of VAMP3 into small vesicles near the plasma membrane. (nature.com)
Whereas APPL1- positive vesicles localize close to the plasma membrane, we observed that WDFY2 localized to a pool of vesicles that was further from the plasma membrane and negative for APPL1. (nature.com)
During my thesis, we evaluated whether cell-derived strategies, in this case, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be a potential new therapy to repair salivary gland injury and restore function following radiotherapy or in autoimmune diseases. (lu.se)
EVs are membrane-bound lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells or body liquids, with a strong capacity to deliver essential information between cells. (lu.se)

The new model predicted that during dendritic plateau potential the somatic membrane time constant is reduced. (yale.edu)
Overall, the results support our theoretical framework that dendritic plateau potentials bring neuronal cell body into a depolarized state ('UP state'), which lasts 200 - 500 ms, or more. (yale.edu)

In an attempt to accept or reject the hypothesis, researchers measured membrane thickness. (wikipedia.org)
These researchers extracted the lipid from human red blood cells and measured the amount of surface area the lipid would cover when spread over the surface of the water. (wikipedia.org)
Collaborating with Pablo Iglesias, Ph.D. , and his research team in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, the researchers built a computational model to demonstrate how small changes in electrical charges on the inner membrane affect cell signaling activities. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Although they recovered the target cells at high throughput, suitable for laboratory cell separations, the researchers observed that the pattern of grooves caused unwanted mixing of fluid, making it unsuitable for processing blood. (mit.edu)
This explains why researchers are now focusing attention on developing stem cell therapies using postnatal stem cells donated by the patients themselves or their close relatives. (bvsalud.org)

K. africana oil significantly suppressed Caco-2 cell growth compared to HEK-293 cell growth at all oil concentrations, whereas M. zeyheri and X. caffra seed oils significantly suppressed HEK-293 and Caco-2 cell growth, only at a concentration of 80 mg/l. (iiarjournals.org)

This theory extended to include animal cells to suggest a universal mechanism for cell protection and development. (wikipedia.org)
The present study demonstrates that the topical application of TF extract improves skin inflammation in AD mice, and the mechanism for this effect appears to be related to the modulation of calcium channels and mast cell activation. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated the effects of TF extract on skin inflammation in an AD animal model and also investigated the mechanism responsible for the effects of TF extract in AD on the modulation of calcium channels and the activation of mast cells. (hindawi.com)
The interactions with the various BM components differentially affect β-cells, although the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. (nature.com)
Early in 2012, MIT scientists reported on the development of a postage stamp-sized microchip capable of sorting cells through a technique, known as cell rolling , that mimics a natural mechanism in the body. (mit.edu)
antimicrobial resistance (AMR) families of the resistance mechanism of antibiotic efflux pump included resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump (for mtrA , soxR and golS genes), major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump (for soxR gene), the two-component regulatory kdpDE system (for kdpE gene) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) antibiotic efflux pump (for efrA gene). (springeropen.com)

Typical bioburden monitoring is performed using membrane filtration, followed by transfer of the membrane to a general-purpose agar and incubation of the agar plates. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
Available in 1 L unit, Nalgene-® 0.1 micron PES filter is intended for micron vacuum filtration of cell culture media to prevent mycoplasma contamination. (thomasnet.com)
Its 90 mm dia membrane and Rapid-Flow(TM) membrane support plate facilitate accelerated filtration in academic, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology cell culture labs. (thomasnet.com)

Developmental regulation of membrane traffic organization during synaptogenesis in mouse diaphragm muscle. (nih.gov)

In 1925 it was determined by Fricke that the thickness of erythrocyte and yeast cell membranes ranged between 3.3 and 4 nm, a thickness compatible with a lipid monolayer. (wikipedia.org)

The oscillation did not depend upon the occurrence of fast action potentials and did not outlast the imposed hyperpolarization. (researchgate.net)
Activation of K + channels then shapes the α-cell action potential upstroke. (diabetesjournals.org)
Action potential repolarization then follows with the activation of voltage-gated potassium (N) channels ( 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In islet β-cells, elevations in glucose increase the ATP-to-ADP ratio, resulting in the closure of ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels and causing action potential firing. (diabetesjournals.org)
In contrast to β-cells, K ATP channel closure in α-cells has been linked to the termination of action potential firing ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
In addition, islet paracrine factors such as insulin, somatostatin, Zn 2+ , and GABA have the ability to cause islet α-cells to fire action potentials ( 2 - 8 ), in some cases by regulating ion channels such as K ATP ( 15 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
They play a critical role in shaping the action potential of neurons, which is the electrical signal that allows neurons to communicate with one another. (medicosnotes.com)
and (iv) the change of backpropagating action potential amplitude in response to drugs that block Na+ or K+ channels (Acker and Antic, 2009). (yale.edu)
Alterations in the nerve cell membrane potential are termed the action potential. (medscape.com)
Leak currents are present through all the phases of the action potential, including setting of the resting membrane potential and repolarization. (medscape.com)
The action potential is not propagated because the threshold level is never attained. (medscape.com)
The purpose of an Interaction Profile is to evaluate data on the toxicology of the "whole" priority mixture (if available) and on the joint toxic action of the chemicals in the mixture in order to recommend approaches for the exposure-based assessment of the potential hazard to public health. (cdc.gov)

Cygnet River on Kangaroo Island, South Australia, Aus- was observed in the liver and lung of the embryos and tralia, occurred in 4-month-old Muscovy ducks ( Cairina in the chorioallantoic membranes. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)

Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the membranes around organs. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
Untreated, bacilli inoculated into skin or mucous membranes multiply, spread to regional lymph nodes and further multiply, and then may disseminate to organs throughout the body. (cdc.gov)

Owing to the time required for results using traditional bioburden monitoring assays, the cell culture process must continue at risk until the results are available. (europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com)
After TCR identification, we generated HLA-A*02:01/peptide restricted TCR transgenic T cells by retroviral transduction and tested T cell expansion rates as well as A*02:01/peptide recognition and ES killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
TCR transgenic T cells demonstrated HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 mediated ES recognition and killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Simple and complex cells, two classes of principal neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1), are generally thought to be equally selective for orientation. (jneurosci.org)

How the MP is set upon epithelial differentiation is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
We therefore undertook a preliminary screening study of the three IFBTS seed oils in vitro using human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), a commonly used gastrointestinal cell line, and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293), an epithelial immortalised cell line. (iiarjournals.org)
Alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) have been implicated in pathological remodelling. (lu.se)

Anatomy50

Organisms14

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs101

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins29

Ions20

Plasma membranes2

Mammalian5

Excitable cells2

Polymer electrolyte4

Intracellular4

Receptor7

Lipid membranes2

Permeability1

Basement membrane2

Tumor7

Side of the cell membrane1

Cortical4

Secretion9

Endoplasmic Reticulum2

Protein9

Pancreatic3

Tissue11

Molecule4

Body's2

Postsynaptic2

Regenerative4

Therapeutic7

Electrode2

Gastrointestinal tract2

Differentially regulate1

Phospholipid2

Regulate3

Pathways2

Cytoplasmic2

Highly heterogeneous1

Abstract2

Amplitude and duration1

Immune6

Fluorescent2

Clinical10

Depolarization3

Functional4

Endothelial cells1

Humans1

Structures3

Assay2

Biology6

Tissues6

Surrounds1

Processes3

Inputs2

Islet cell1

Molecules5

Lesions1

Vesicles4

Plateau2

Researchers5

Concentration1

Mechanism6

Filtration3

Regulation1

Yeast1

Action12

Lung3

Organs2

Assays3

Selective1

Epithelial3