• The SMOC-1 protein attaches (binds) to many different proteins and is thought to regulate molecules called growth factors that stimulate the growth and development of tissues throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) carrying multiple tumor-associated proteins inherited from parental cells play crucial roles in noninvasive breast cancer (BC) diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, it is challenging to assess the subtle variations of surface proteins on sEV membranes due to the highly heterogeneous BC. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moreover, clustering of MHC proteins at the cell surface resulted in shifts of the respective DRMs, revealing proximity-induced changes in the membrane environment. (silverchair.com)
  • Nectin proteins have been identified as providing a wide range of functions within the cell. (prospecbio.com)
  • Finally, nectin proteins perform cell-to-cell adhesion. (prospecbio.com)
  • Autophagy, the type II cell death, is a physiological mechanism involving degradation of intracellular damaged proteins and organelles into membrane vacuoles. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In vertebrates, gap junction channels are composed of members of a family of integral membrane proteins known as connexins. (ous-research.no)
  • Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including proteins and RNA. (exosome-rna.com)
  • During vesiculation, bioactive lipids and receptors re- main associated with vesicle membranes, and cytosolic proteins and nucleic acids are contained within the vesicles [11]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the adult body, proteins like HOXA5 regulate the body's stem cells to maintain both the identity and function of different tissues. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A three-dimensional structure consisting of various collagens and proteins that directs cellular behavior such as differentiation, proliferation, and signaling. (americordblood.com)
  • These toxins inhibit the release of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction by cleaving soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex proteins in nerve cells, which prevents the fusion of neurotransmitter containing vesicles to cell membranes 2 . (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • PKC is an important signaling molecule in numerous cell pathways, including cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • In this context, a new molecule, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), has emerged as a positive regulator of B cell survival and differentiation functioning through various signaling pathways and potentiating the activity of various receptor complexes through pleiotropic means. (medsci.org)
  • Contributors discuss how cells coordinate signaling pathways, membrane trafficking, and cytoskeletal remodeling to ensure proper spatial arrangement of cellular components. (cshlpress.com)
  • Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, we show that neurons regulate myelin membrane trafficking in oligodendrocytes. (rupress.org)
  • The family of molecules will primarily regulate adhesion between two cells, although Nectin-like molecules - known as Necl - will perform other tasks at a cellular level. (prospecbio.com)
  • The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors (GDNFs), a family of neurotrophic factors, were initially thought to be able to regulate the growth, survival, and differentiation of neural-derived cell types. (medsci.org)
  • Signaling molecules that regulate cell growth and tissue regeneration. (americordblood.com)
  • Signaling molecules that regulate inflammation. (americordblood.com)
  • CD45 is a 180-240 kD single chain type I membrane glycoprotein also known as leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and T200. (biolegend.com)
  • CD45 plays a critical role in T and B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation by dephosphorylating substrates including p56Lck, p59Fyn, and other Src family kinases. (biolegend.com)
  • To characterize the phenotype of human limbal epithelial cells expanded on a standardized biological substrate with regard to morphology, growth potential, and antigen expression patterns, and to evaluate their clinical application in corneal surface reconstruction. (arvojournals.org)
  • Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in CNV mice without or with YAP siRNA intravitreal injection and the colocalization of PCNA and CD31 were measured with western blotting and immunofluorescent double staining, respectively. (molvis.org)
  • Each of the cell lines also reacted with antibodies against neural cell adhesion molecules, but none of them were positive for antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein, keratin, microtubule-associated protein tau and microtubule-associated protein 2, human lymphocyte antigen-DR, epidermal growth factor receptor, and T-cell antigen. (duke.edu)
  • Anti-human lymphocyte antigen-A,B and anti-beta 2-microglobulin antibodies reacted with xenografts of D384 Med and D425 Med and were weakly positive for a small population of D384 Med cultured cells. (duke.edu)
  • The impacts of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation by pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) on Th22-cell differentiation were explored. (atsjournals.org)
  • Moreover, PMCs were able to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation by presenting tuberculosis-specific antigen. (atsjournals.org)
  • In particular, PMCs were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation. (atsjournals.org)
  • Pleural mesothelial cells stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22 cell differentiation in response to tuberculosis antigen. (atsjournals.org)
  • Naive CD4 + T cells can develop into various helper T (Th) subsets with different cytokine profiles and play a discriminative role in translating antigen-specific immune responses into tissue functions or immunopathology. (atsjournals.org)
  • Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)
  • ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)
  • It is a tyrosine phosphatase expressed on the plasma membrane of all hematopoietic cells, except erythrocytes and platelets. (biolegend.com)
  • Upon maturation, the rate of endocytosis is reduced, and a cAMP-dependent neuronal signal triggers the transport of PLP from LEs/Ls to the plasma membrane. (rupress.org)
  • The results of cell surface biotinylation and subsequent DRM isolation show that precursors for both DRMs coexist in the plasma membrane. (silverchair.com)
  • The GFRα family consists of four members, GFRα1, GFRα2, GFRα3 and GFRα4, located roughly extracellular and anchored to the plasma membrane by glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI). (medsci.org)
  • The GFRα family consists of four members, GFRα1, GFRα2, GFRα3 and GFRα4, which are tethered to the plasma membrane through GPI anchors containing CRDs. (medsci.org)
  • In addition, we characterize CG2165, which encodes a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, and show that it plays an important role in maintaining muscle integrity. (harvard.edu)
  • BSG is a membrane glycoprotein receptor, member of the immunoglobulin family, involved in several pathologies such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • and the synaptic vesicle membrane glycoprotein synaptophysin. (duke.edu)
  • Today, more than 50 years after the first successful bone marrow transplantation, clinical application of hematopoietic stem cells is a routine procedure, saving the lives of many every day. (hindawi.com)
  • At the same time, by asymmetric cell division or after specific activation, stem cells must be able to generate more mature progenitor cells or differentiated effector cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • To qualify as stem cells, self-renewal has to be shown as well [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview on self-renewal or differentiation of stem cells in their respective stem cell niche. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, available in vitro protocols for expansion of MSCs do not yield true stem cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Here we report on the establishment of long-term, stable 3D organoid cultures from human fallopian tubes, indicative of the presence of adult stem cells. (nature.com)
  • We show that single epithelial stem cells in vitro can give rise to differentiated organoids containing ciliated and secretory cells. (nature.com)
  • Here we demonstrate the existence of adult stem cells in the human fallopian tube epithelium, which gives rise to a monolayer of differentiated epithelial cells in a complex 3D organoid in vitro . (nature.com)
  • In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and multipotent differentiation potential, but disappear from the body relatively quickly after intravenous administration. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Furthermore, the modification of anti-ICAM1 VHH allowed the selective accumulation of mesenchymal stem cells to the inflamed liver. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The results of this study are expected not only to increase the tissue-selective anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells, but also to lead to tissue regenerative medicine in the future. (nii.ac.jp)
  • These are actually stem cells, meaning that they are premature cells waiting to grow into full-blown, normal cells of the colon. (sciencedaily.com)
  • After cancer treatment ends, the surviving stem cells, still containing the cancerous mutations, can reappear and cause a relapse. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The lab of Joerg Huelsken at EPFL studied how differentiated colon cells come from stem cells in the gut. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Huelsken's team found that in the gut, HOXA5 plays a major role in restricting the number of stem cells, as well as the cells that make them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study showed that the cancerous stem cells of the colon use a biological mechanism that blocks it. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By blocking the HOXA5 gene, the cancerous stem cells of the colon can grow uncontrollably and spread, causing relapses and metastasis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The answer came from vitamin A. This small chemical structure is called a retinoid, and it has been known to induce differentiation of stem cells in the skin. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By turning the gene for HOXA5 back on, this treatment eliminated cancer stem cells and prevented metastasis in the live animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These stem cells can be used to treat your newborn, but also every other first- or- second-degree relative. (americordblood.com)
  • The amnion contains two types of stem cells, the amniotic epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. (americordblood.com)
  • Literature review: This review summarizes current knowledge, barriers, and challenges in the clinical use of adult stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors for the development and evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The key elements of tissue engineering are stem cells, morphogen, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix. (bvsalud.org)
  • The major areas of research that might have application in the development of regenerative endodontic techniques are (a) postnatal stem cells, (b) scaffold materials, (c) morphogen/growth factors, (d) implantation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most valuable cells for regenerative endodontics are postnatal or adult stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • All tissues originate from stem cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Based on their origin, there are two main types of stem cells - embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and postnatal or adult stem cells (AS cells). (bvsalud.org)
  • Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of an early, preimplantation stage embryo known as a blastocyst. (bvsalud.org)
  • This explains why researchers are now focusing attention on developing stem cell therapies using postnatal stem cells donated by the patients themselves or their close relatives. (bvsalud.org)
  • Postnatal stem cells have been sourced from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, bone marrow, peripheral blood, body fat, and almost all body tissues, including the pulp tissue of teeth 8 . (bvsalud.org)
  • To date, four types of human dental stem cells have been isolated and characterized: (i) dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) 12 (ii) stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) 21 (iii) stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) 31 (iv) periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) 28 . (bvsalud.org)
  • These dental stem cells are considered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and possess different levels of capacities to become specific tissue forming cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • TNFa delivers its signals to target cells by binding to specific cell surface membrane receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2). (cdc.gov)
  • Adhesion molecules, epithelial cell surface receptors and extracellular matrix molecules initiate condensation and set its boundaries. (edu.au)
  • ECM components (i.e., fibronectin or collagens) directly interact with membrane receptors (i.e., integrins), particularly, by influencing cell behavior. (springer.com)
  • extracellular matrix and direct cell-to-cell contact may in turn direct cell fate in a defined microenvironment. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Extracellular vesicles are part of this complex regulatory network of factors involved in the interaction between cells. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Quesenberry PJ, Aliotta J, Deregibus MC, Camussi G. (2015) Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming . (exosome-rna.com)
  • In the present review we focus on the extracellular vesicle-induced epigenetic changes in recipient cells that may lead to phenotypic and functional modifications. (unicyte.ch)
  • Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This study showed that YAP upregulation promoted CNV formation by upregulating the proliferation of endothelial cells, providing evidence for the molecular mechanisms of CNV and suggesting a novel molecular target for nAMD treatment. (molvis.org)
  • Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining cell polarity, as well as their relevance for human disorders. (cshlpress.com)
  • Throughout, the focus is on epithelial cells and how polarity mechanisms facilitate the development of their apical and basolateral surfaces, tube formation (e.g., in blood vessel development), exchange of waste and nutrients, and the generation and maintenance of specialized structures at the cell surface (e.g., cilia). (cshlpress.com)
  • The authors also describe the polarity mechanisms involved in collective cell migration, a phenomenon seen during morphogenesis and cancer metastasis. (cshlpress.com)
  • This timely and thoughtful compendium beautifully summarizes the mechanisms governing cell polarity in discrete and thorough reviews. (cshlpress.com)
  • Although IL-22-producing helper T (Th22) cells have been reported to be involved in human tuberculosis, the mechanisms by which Th22 cells differentiate and are recruited into the pleural space are unknown. (atsjournals.org)
  • These findings indicated that Solanum nigrum extract induced cell death in MDA-MB-468 cells by two distinct mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, and these findings further suggest a possibility that this extract could be used to treat triple negative breast cancer. (ijpsonline.com)
  • It is thought to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including antiaging mechanisms, differentiation and development, immunity, and elimination of microorganisms [ 9 - 13 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha (GFRα) members have been widely connected to the mechanisms contributing to cell growth, differentiation, cell migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • Based on whether it cooperates with the second receptor RET, GFRα has also been widely linked to the mechanisms that contribute to cell growth, differentiation and migration and tissue maturation. (medsci.org)
  • however, the molecular mechanisms of renewal and differentiation remain obscure in many cases, including the fallopian tube, a central organ of human reproduction. (nature.com)
  • Endocrinology, by definition, focuses on homeostatic, and cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition to mechanisms of microbe-host interaction, the role of cell stress related to unfolded protein responses (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is characterized in the context of inflammatory and tumorigenic processes using novel tissue-specific mouse models. (intestinal-microbiota.de)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • Human bmMSCs were described in the late nineties as well [ 6 ] and at the same time a breakthrough study investigated the expression of typical cell surface markers and the proliferation and differentiation properties of human MSCs in more detail [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The colony-forming unit (CFU) assay is a clonal, in vitro culture assay that measures the growth and frequency of functionally viable HSPCs by assessing the proliferation and differentiation of individual progenitor cells, resulting in the formation of discrete colonies in a semi-solid methylcellulose medium (such as MethoCult™ ) when supplemented with appropriate cytokines. (stemcell.com)
  • The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in bacteria. (lu.se)
  • The chemoattractant activity of chemokines produced by PMCs for Th22 cells was observed. (atsjournals.org)
  • The overrepresentation of Th22 cells in TPE may be due to pleural cytokines and to PMC-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
  • Our results suggest that the accumulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion may be due to the increased local proinflammatory cytokines and to pleural mesothelial cell-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
  • They display differentiation capacities and therefore qualify as multipotent progenitor cells (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • CD34 is the most commonly used cell surface marker to identify human HSPCs as it is expressed on HSCs, in addition to both multipotent and more differentiated progenitor cells of individual blood cell lineages. (stemcell.com)
  • Americord's unique proprietary CryoMaxx™ processing method uses a minimal manipulation method to isolate the amnion and chorion layers of the placental tissue and retain their inherent multipotent cells, growth factors, and cytokines. (americordblood.com)
  • Recently, MSCs isolated from bone marrow (bmMSCs) were shown to be a blend of distinct cells and MSCs isolated from different tissues show besides some common features also some significant differences. (hindawi.com)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • This protein is found in basement membranes, which are thin, sheet-like structures that support cells in many tissues and help anchor cells to one another during embryonic development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This polarization facilitates processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis, directional cell migration, nerve impulse transmission, and transport of molecules across tissues. (cshlpress.com)
  • Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. (origene.com)
  • A stem cell is commonly defined as a cell that has the ability to continuously divide and produce progeny cells that differentiate (develop) into various other types of cells or tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Study of biological processes at the suborganismal level including cell chemistry, metabolism, reproduction, genetics, and complex tissue physiology. (mnsu.edu)
  • In the present model, the bioelectric context of cells and tissue is the field responsible for organization, as it regulates cell proliferation and the level of communication driving the system's evolution. (nature.com)
  • Carcinogenesis is introduced through a localized event (a spot of depolarized cells) or by random depolarization of cells in the tissue, which returns cells to their initial proliferative state. (nature.com)
  • This simplified model of embryogenesis, tissue organization and carcinogenesis, based on non-excitable cells' bioelectric properties, can be made more realistic with the introduction of other components, like biochemical fields and mechanical interactions, which are fundamental for a more faithful representation of reality. (nature.com)
  • CD34 is a transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein that was first identified on HSPCs, but its expression is also present on other cell types, such as vascular tissue. (stemcell.com)
  • The connexins have important roles in controlling cell growth and differentiation and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. (ous-research.no)
  • Our data reveal a significant overlap between Notch-dependent genes in the fallopian epithelium and the defined 'stem cell signature' of the mouse intestine, suggesting the existence of a conserved pathway that regulates tissue renewal and directly controls cell fate specification and differentiation in the organoid by inhibiting cilliogenesis. (nature.com)
  • The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
  • The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Banking this tissue is an opportunity to give your entire family access to the future of regenerative stem cell medicine. (americordblood.com)
  • Placenta tissue containing multi-potent cells, growth factors, cytokines, and ECM is being studied in a number of clinical trials. (americordblood.com)
  • Placental tissue contains more cell types compared to cord tissue. (americordblood.com)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • The molecular study of fat cell development in the human body is essential for our understanding of obesity and related diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • First, using molecular markers, we confirm and extend the observation that myogenesis in primary cultures derived from Drosophila embryonic cells follows the same developmental course as that seen in vivo. (harvard.edu)
  • In order to characterize molecular level dynamics of cyclic polymers, a synthesis method that provides high purity cyclic polymers and an experimental and analysis methods that allow for quantitative characterization of molecular motion at the single molecule level have to be developed. (jove.com)
  • Little is known about molecular mecha- desmosomal glycoproteins, resulting in the nisms affecting mast cell and T lympho- loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion [ 1 ]. (who.int)
  • CD45 has been reported to bind galectin-1 and to be associated with several other cell surface antigens including CD1, CD2, CD3, and CD4. (biolegend.com)
  • Cell markers, or surface antigens, are molecules located on a cell's membrane used to identify specific cell types, their lineage, and their stage in the differentiation process according to the presence or absence of the expression of defined markers. (stemcell.com)
  • In B-lymphocytes, endocytosis of MHC I and MHC II molecules is important for the cross-priming and presentation of labile antigens, respectively. (silverchair.com)
  • Sixty percent of cases express 1 or more T-cell antigens (CD3 + , CD43, or CD45RO). (medscape.com)
  • The human gene encoding it was cloned in 1986 and the deduced protein sequence revealed that ApoD is a member of the lipocalin family, small hydrophobic molecule transporters. (wikipedia.org)
  • PKC isozymes are LR-dependent molecules that link psychosine-induced LR disruption to reduced PKC function and altered cell signaling activity, possibly driving demyelination and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. (medscape.com)
  • In this investigation, the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Solanum nigrum fruit extract-induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-468, a triple negative breast cancer cell line was studied. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In addition, cell apoptosis was measured by double staining, DNA fragmentation and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate binding assays. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Solanum nigrum (SN) is a herb with anticancer effects such as destruction of tumor cell membrane, induction of apoptosis by NF-kappaB, caspase activation, nitric oxide production and inhibition of angiogenesis [ 3 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • A previous study reported that the extract of the whole plant of SN activated cell death in hepatoma cells through autophagy and apoptosis [ 7 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Autophagy and apoptosis are two forms of programmed cell death, which are essential for cellular homeostasis. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Thus any modification of ECM components can be transmitted via integrins and impact on cell movement during development and proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. (springer.com)
  • MCP-1) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1), in proliferating or differentiating C2C12 cells and primary myoblasts. (cdc.gov)
  • The phenotypes of primary cultured cell sheets were evaluated by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies for putative stem cell markers, differentiation markers, basement membrane markers, and adhesion molecules. (arvojournals.org)
  • The NECTIN Protein is a family of cell-adhesion molecules that, so far, includes four members. (prospecbio.com)
  • During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
  • However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (exosome-rna.com)
  • These vesicles can transfer signals capable of altering cell function and/or reprogramming targeted cells. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in many and perhaps all biological fluids, including blood, urine, and cultured medium of cell cultures. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Cell-secreted vesicles have emerged as an integral com- ponent of intercellular exchange of information (Fig. 1). (unicyte.ch)
  • This concept is based on the observation that vesicles may transfer different types of signals between cells [7, 8]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Outgrowth of epithelial cells from all explants, regardless of donor age, was seen after 3-4 days on fibrin and reached confluence in 14-21 days. (arvojournals.org)
  • Fibrin gels, therefore, represent a standardized and efficient substrate for adhesion, proliferation, and maintenance of limbal epithelial cells for successful clinical application. (arvojournals.org)
  • Figure 1: Single fallopian epithelial cells give rise to organoids that can be maintained long term. (nature.com)
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Th22 cells differentiate and recruit into the pleural space. (atsjournals.org)
  • One important mechanism for intercellular communication involves the direct transfer of ions and signaling molecules between adjacent cells via intercellular channels. (ous-research.no)
  • They are derived by a targeted mechanism from the cell endocytic compartment and are formed and stored within the intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This mechanism is called a "signaling pathway" because it involves a domino of molecules, each activating the next one down the line. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This is associated with an epithelium and basement membrane, which interact with the preskeletal cells, causing them to undergo condensation. (edu.au)
  • It is lined by simple columnar epithelium containing secretory and ciliated cells, which produce tubular fluid and facilitate transport of gametes, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Asthma is a reversible airway obstruction that is characterized by constriction of airway smooth muscle, Abstract hyper secretion of mucus, edema and airway hyper responsiveness (AHR), mucus secretion and thickening of the basement membrane underlying the airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • Modulating the cytokine network in thickening of the basement membrane underlying the respiratory diseases such as asthma, with expected airway epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • The practice of dentistry is likely to be revolutionized by biological therapies based on growth and differentiation factors that accelerate and/or induce a natural biological regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • APOD is an androgen up-regulated gene in normal scrotal fibroblast cells in comparison to labia majora cells in females with complete AIS (CAIS). (wikipedia.org)
  • Other uses of the CFU assay include studying the effects of stimulatory and inhibitory growth factors, screening novel compounds to predict potential toxicity to the hematopoietic system, and testing the effects of various in vitro manipulations (e.g. cell processing, cryopreservation, gene transduction, and transmission) on cellular products used in hematopoietic cell transplantation. (stemcell.com)
  • which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The membrane potential (MP) controls cell homeostasis by directing molecule transport and gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. (origene.com)
  • This gene encodes a B-lymphocyte surface molecule which plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. (origene.com)
  • The SMOC-1 protein also likely promotes the maturation (differentiation) of cells that build bones, called osteoblasts . (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, transplanting other than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is still limited to a few applications, and it mainly applies to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow. (hindawi.com)
  • Nowadays, experts agree that MSCs may generate upon appropriate stimulation quite different mature cells including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and stromal cells of the bone marrow [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are the ideal source to study fat formation as they are the progenitors of adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
  • The interaction between stem and stromal cells is reciprocal. (exosome-rna.com)
  • Immunoreactivities with anti-tenascin and anti-glioma-associated antibodies were variable in these cell lines. (duke.edu)
  • In this study, we established a method to modify small molecule antibodies by introducing non-natural amino acids to align their orientation on the cell membrane. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Hemidesmosome formation and positive labeling for integrins alpha6 and beta4 was observed after 14-15 days, whereas deposition of basement membrane material and positive labeling for type IV collagen and laminin-1 occurred after 17-20 days. (arvojournals.org)
  • A study by White et al (2009) found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)
  • the effects of hypoxia and fibrosis may also play a role in obesity complications via notably ectopic-lipid accumulation in non-adipocyte cells. (springer.com)
  • However, lipid accumulation in non-specialized cells is deleterious and can contribute to cell death resulting in the development of pathology such as NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis) a liver injury associated with obesity [ 12 ]. (springer.com)
  • The MSCs have been described for the first time as colony forming fibroblasts (CFU-F), a rare population of cells residing in the bone marrow of guinea-pigs or mice [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • NOD-SCID-Gamma (NSG) mice) and measuring the presence of human blood cells in the blood or bone marrow (BM) after extended periods of engraftment, e.g., 20 weeks or longer. (stemcell.com)
  • AA is the precursor of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, molecules that are involved in inflammation, platelet aggregation and cellular regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The system reaches homeostasis, with a depolarized core (proliferative cells) surrounded by a rim of polarized cells (non-proliferative in this condition). (nature.com)
  • This theory would deal with the way an organism spontaneously grows from a single cell to a complete and complex organism, introducing organization at the different development stages and homeostasis for a mature organism. (nature.com)
  • The profound roles of exosomes in homeostasis, stress and several pathological conditions, in conjunction with their selective and cell‑specific composition/function, allude to their use as promising circulating clinical biomarkers of systemic stress and specific pathologic states, and as biocompatible vehicles of therapeutic cargo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • TGF-β1 expression is reduced in Vohwinkel syndrome with GJB2 mutations, and the in vitro study showed increased keratinocyte proliferation and cellular repair in Vohwinkel syndrome cells when TGF-β1 was introduced. (medscape.com)
  • But the genetic mutations that caused the cancer in the first place can survive in a specific group of cells of the colon. (sciencedaily.com)
  • First, we screened 513 natural compounds on primary AML cells and identified a novel diterpene (H4) that preferentially induced differentiation of FLT3 wild-type AMLs, while FLT3-ITD/mutations conferred resistance. (lu.se)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • When germ-free cell cultures became a laboratory routine, hopes were high for using this novel technology for treatment of diseases or replacement of cells in patients suffering from injury, inflammation, or cancer or even refreshing cells in the elderly. (hindawi.com)
  • Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • BrdU labeling was performed to identify the proliferative activity and presence of label-retaining cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • BrdU-label retaining cells were identified in 2.1 ± 0.9% and colony-forming cells in 3.4 ± 1.5% of fibrin-cultured cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • Additional markers can be used to distinguish HSPC subsets within the CD34+ population and isolate HSPCs with different engraftment abilities and capacities to expand or generate mature blood cells in culture. (stemcell.com)
  • In vitro TNFa induces proliferation and migration but suppresses differentiation of myoblasts. (cdc.gov)
  • By combinatorial screening using H4 and molecules with defined targets, we demonstrated that H4 induces differentiation by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and in line with this, activates PKC phosphorylation and translocation of PKC to the cell membrane. (lu.se)
  • CD45 is a signaling molecule that regulates a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, cell cycle, and oncogenic transformation. (biolegend.com)
  • MSCs were also investigated for stem cell qualities in vivo. (hindawi.com)
  • In cell therapy, in vivo kinetic control of the therapeutic cells, such as accumulation of the cells at the target site of therapy and enhancement of their interaction with the target cells, may lead to improved therapeutic efficacy. (nii.ac.jp)
  • differential targeting of dendritic cell subpopulations in vivo . (intestinal-microbiota.de)
  • The diffusive motion of individual cyclic polymer chains in a melt state is visualized using single molecule fluorescence imaging by incorporating a fluorophore unit in the cyclic chains. (jove.com)
  • Collectively, these are referred to as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). (stemcell.com)
  • The first stage in bone development is migration of preskeletal cells to the correct anatomical location. (edu.au)
  • Cells can communicate via physical interactions, in- cluding membrane bridge formation, such as tunneling nanotubes and cytonemes, and/or through the release of soluble factors [1-3]. (unicyte.ch)
  • The fate of the cell is deter- mined by coordinated and dynamic interactions among a number of factors, acting in a defined microenviron- ment. (unicyte.ch)
  • CD117 by immunohistochemical methods sion molecules, involved in cell-cell and in order to clarify the role of the infiltrating cell matrix interactions and thought to take inflammatory cells in the pathomechanisms part in cell motility [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
  • interactions between cells. (lu.se)
  • HSCs make up a very small population of the hematopoietic system, however, these cells are invaluable as they have the potential to give rise to all mature blood and immune cell types and sustain life-long blood production. (stemcell.com)
  • However, differentiation and immune regulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remain unknown. (atsjournals.org)
  • Yersinia enterocolitica targets cells of the innate and adaptive immune system by injection of Yops in a mouse infection model. (intestinal-microbiota.de)
  • Among them, VEGF-A can promote the division and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and neovascularization and maintain the survival of new vessels. (molvis.org)
  • There is also evidence of differentiation, polarization, and cellular survival. (prospecbio.com)
  • Expansion of MSCs was shown to be limited to a few passages of in vitro culture and the cells underwent replicative senescence [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Changes in the differentiation potential of MSCs after in vitro expansion were noted and chondrogenic clones especially disappeared early on [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The presence of 'stem cell-like' cells has previously been postulated based on sphere-forming capacity and differentiation in vitro 1 and evidence for the presence of label-retaining cells in the distal fallopian tube 2 . (nature.com)
  • One of the hallmarks of breast cancer is resistance of tumor cells to cell death. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Tumor cells are small to medium size, discohesive with eccentrically placed oval to round, and hyperchromatic nuclei. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Department of Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. (silverchair.com)
  • When this connection was made, it launched a whole new field," says Isidore Rigoutsos, Ph.D., professor of pathology, anatomy, and cell biology and director of the Computational Medicine Center at Thomas Jefferson University. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • For TNFa induced inhibition of myoblast differentiation myogenin expression was reduced. (cdc.gov)
  • Microarray analysis reveals that inhibition of Notch signalling causes downregulation of stem cell-associated genes in parallel with decreased proliferation and increased numbers of ciliated cells and that organoids also respond to oestradiol and progesterone treatment in a physiological manner. (nature.com)
  • This volume will thus be essential reading for all cell and developmental biologists, as well as those interested in how cell polarity processes impact human health and disease. (cshlpress.com)
  • Light and electron microscopy demonstrated monolayers of cuboid cells containing euchromatin-rich nuclei with prominent nucleoli, variable amounts of cytoplasmic filaments, apical microvilli, and small adherens junctions but no desmosomes between adjacent cells. (arvojournals.org)
  • Cell condensation is the process whereby populations of cells gather together and differentiate into a single cell type, be it cartilage, bone, muscle, tendon etc. (edu.au)
  • It helps the cells differentiate normally (progress from less to more mature cell forms) and gives them their structural integrity. (healthy.net)
  • Studies on several cell types have shown that ApoD expression can be induced by several stressing situations such as growth arrest, senescence, oxidative and inflammatory stresses. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, abnormal expression or aberrant activation of these molecules may convert normal growth signals to undesirable signals inducing overgrowth, becoming an important contributor to a variety of human cancers. (medsci.org)
  • Vitamin A stimulates growth of the base layer of the skin cells. (healthy.net)
  • Continuous growth and differentiation of organoids depend on both Wnt and Notch paracrine signalling. (nature.com)
  • Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
  • During vertebrate brain development, axons are enwrapped by myelin, an insulating membrane produced by oligodendrocytes. (rupress.org)
  • The present work introduces a computational implementation of some principles of a theory of organism development, namely that the default state of cells is proliferation and motility, and includes the principle of variation and organization by closure of constraints. (nature.com)
  • James Miller introduced the living systems theory 4 , where each system must include a number of critical subsystems, dealing with their structure, interaction, behavior and development, that can be applied from simple cells to full organisms. (nature.com)
  • However, recent successful preclinical and clinical trials have advocated for the significance of B cell-dependent immunopathogenic responses and has led to the development of novel biologicals that target specific B cell phenotypes. (medsci.org)
  • The GDNF family ligands (GFLs) function through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-(GPI) anchored coreceptor, GDNF family receptor alpha (GFRα), and rearranged during transfection (RET), a well-known receptor tyrosine kinase involved in kidney development, spermatogonial stem cell maintenance, and the development and maintenance of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems [ 1 , 2 ]. (medsci.org)
  • By this function, it also helps protect these areas from cancer cell development. (healthy.net)
  • Adsorption is the adhesion [1] of atoms , ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface . (wikipedia.org)
  • Brunauer, Emmett and Teller's model of multilayer adsorption is a random distribution of molecules on the material surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • After standardization of the technique, fibrin-cultured autologous epithelial sheets were transplanted onto the corneal surface of 5 patients with limbal stem cell deficiency due to chemical burns. (arvojournals.org)
  • The next step in bone formation is differentiation of the cells to chondrocytes or osteoblasts. (edu.au)
  • Between 1993 and 2015, approximately 1,900 human genome loci were discovered to produce microRNAs and were added to miRBbase, the public database that catalogues and annotates microRNA molecules. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Neuron-derived signaling molecules are temporally and spatially required to coordinate oligodendrocyte differentiation. (rupress.org)
  • The purpose of a signaling pathway is to transmit biological information from one part of the cell to another, e.g. from the outer membrane all the way to the nucleus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It also produces hormones and signaling molecules that help the baby grow. (americordblood.com)
  • It seems that the term "stem cell" became more popular although the "stemness" was only shown in a more strict sense for MSCs involved in osteogenesis and bone repair. (hindawi.com)
  • Most animal cells are polarized, with structurally and functionally distinct regions. (cshlpress.com)
  • By using a novel method for the extraction of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), we observed that MHC I and MHC II associate with two distinct types of DRMs. (silverchair.com)
  • Our results suggest that the preference of MHC I and MHC II for distinct membrane rafts directs them to different cellular entry points. (silverchair.com)
  • They often exhibit unusual behaviors which is distinct from their linear counterpart, including increased thermal stability of polymer micelles by a linear-to-cyclic conversion, 1,2 and spatial organization of DNA in bacterial cells by a loop formation. (jove.com)
  • Linus Pauling and John C. Slater were instrumental in developing the "valence bond theory," based on the concept of the electron-pair bond, 1 and the concept of "resonance," according to which the normal state of a molecule is represented not by a single valence-bond structure but by a combination of several alternative distinct structures-two ideas that formed the theoretical backbone of Pauling's work. (ucpress.edu)
  • BoNT/B, /F, /D, and /G have targets on VAMP-2 at distinct sites 10 - 13 and BoNT/C breaks both SNAP-25 and syntaxin molecules at specific locations 8 , 14 . (cdc.gov)
  • In the absence of neurons, the major myelin membrane protein, the proteolipid protein (PLP), is internalized and stored in late endosomes/lysosomes (LEs/Ls) by a cholesterol-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis pathway that requires actin and the RhoA guanosine triphosphatase. (rupress.org)