Cell mass cell fetal donor egg cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

The gonadal ridge normally develops into mature gametes (eggs and sperm). (orthodoxwiki.org)
ICSI is a procedure by which sperm from the father is injected directly into the mother's egg in the laboratory, and then the fertilised egg is placed in her womb. (sciencedaily.com)
For men who have very few, viable sperm, this means that the fertility experts can choose the best quality sperm and ensure it fertilises the egg by injecting the sperm rather than leaving it to swim to the egg unaided. (sciencedaily.com)
Moreover, most early-stage embryos that are produced naturally (that is, through the union of egg and sperm resulting from sexual intercourse) fail to implant and are therefore wasted or destroyed. (wikiquote.org)
Shettles, a physician, who specialized in obstetrics and gynecology, found a difference in the size and shape of male sperm cells that he correlated with the different sex chromosomes they carry. (asu.edu)
In pregnancy, to understand the place and importance of micronutrients or any nutrient, we must go back to the beginning-at the time when the sperm fertilizes the egg and implantation 5-6 days later into the uterine wall. (vitamindwiki.com)
Thus, ART does not, and ART-only registries do not, include assisted insemination using sperm from either a woman's partner or a sperm donor. (icmartivf.org)
In the human reproductive process, two kinds of sex cells ( gametes), are involved: the male gamete (sperm), and the female gamete (egg or ovum). (wikibooks.org)
Both systems have gonads that produce (sperm and egg or ovum) and sex organs. (wikibooks.org)

The blastocyst stage is developed by the egg to help create embryonic stem cells from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (wikipedia.org)

In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. (wikipedia.org)
Development will ensue normally and after many mitotic divisions, the single cell forms a blastocyst (an early stage embryo with about 100 cells) with an identical genome to the original organism (i.e. a clone). (wikipedia.org)
Stem cells can then be obtained by the destruction of this clone embryo for use in therapeutic cloning or in the case of reproductive cloning the clone embryo is implanted into a host mother for further development and brought to term. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of carrying out this procedure is to obtain pluripotent cells from a cloned embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells of an embryo. (wikipedia.org)
Basically, any of these cells can "act as an embryo. (orthodoxwiki.org)
They have lost the ability to differentiate to all cell types needed for a complete embryo development (up to 14 days post-fertilization). (orthodoxwiki.org)
They are derived from the primordial germ cells, which occur in a specific part of the embryo/fetus called the gonadal ridge. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Because multiple birth pregnancies have considerably higher rates of both maternal and fetal complications, 1 IVF centers and mothers together have to make a decision weighing the risk of multiple embryo transfer with the benefits of improved probability of successful live birth. (stackexchange.com)
The predominant bioethical concern arising from this technology is that the blastocyt-stage embryo must be destroyed in the process of isolating and separating the embryonic stem cells from the inner mass region of the pre-embryo. (jcpa.org)
The destruction of the pre-embryo has been the critical issue in the U.S. behind imposing limits on federal government-sponsored research in embryonic stem cells. (jcpa.org)
Many politicians, religious leaders, and bioethicists believe that any destruction of the pre-implanted embryo or fertilized egg is akin to murder. (jcpa.org)
Our colleagues at Brigham and Women's Hospital or Massachusetts General Hospital provide procedures to assist couples with conception, including IVF, ICSI, egg retrieval, and embryo transfer. (nwh.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
The size of the inner cell mass and the number of stem cells present reflect the developmental potential of the embryo, in that the stem cells form the baby. (sharedjourney.com)
Research advocates attack President Bush for "banning stem cell research," while pro-life advocates lament a Republican administration and Congress that have banned nothing-not embryo destruction, not human cloning, not fetal farming, not genetic engineering. (eppc.org)
That is to say, we risk turning developed cells into developing embryos, and thus risk engaging in the very activities of embryo destruction and human cloning that we seek to avoid. (eppc.org)
Before leaving office, President Clinton sought to get around the existing law without actually changing it, by funding research on embryonic stem cells so long as the actual embryo destruction was paid for with private dollars. (eppc.org)
A cell in a cleavage stage embryo. (icmartivf.org)
Nor is the embryo just a "fertilized egg", or just a "clump of cells", or appear only when the zygote is formed, or appear later after the zygote is formed, or appear after implantation - or even a week after that at 14-days. (lifeissues.net)
However, the removal of embryonic stem cells destroys the early embryo. (nhsjs.com)
The controversy over embryonic stem cell research is caused by the fact that the procurement of these stem cells involves the destruction of the embryo produced during in vitro fertilization. (nhsjs.com)

Stem cells originating in human embryos can be categorized as either embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells . (orthodoxwiki.org)
Embryonic germ cells share many of the characteristics of the embryonic stem cells but differ in significant ways. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Germ cells do not proliferate as long as stem sells. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Under certain conditions, germ cells do differentiate into specialized cells. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Germ cells and stem cells also differ with respect to their growth characteristics in vitro and their behavior in vivo. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Somatic cells are cells that have gone through the differentiation process and are not germ cells. (asu.edu)
Teratomas arise in your bodys germ cells, which are produced very early in the development of the fetus. (zodicengineering.com)
But germ cells can also be found elsewhere in the body, especially in the region of the tailbone and the mediastinum (a membrane separating the lungs). (zodicengineering.com)
On the one hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mandatory mediators for essential cellular functions including the function of germ cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) and thereby the fertilization process. (hindawi.com)
However, these techniques have to be carried out very carefully as they, if applied wrongly, bear risks of generating ROS damaging the germ cells and preventing fertilization. (hindawi.com)

In January 2018, a team of scientists in Shanghai announced the successful cloning of two female crab-eating macaques (named Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua) from foetal nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
The presence of two nuclei in a blastomere (cell). (icmartivf.org)

Another application of SCNT stem cell research is using the patient specific stem cell lines to generate tissues or even organs for transplant into the specific patient. (wikipedia.org)
Cells of the same type make tissues, and tissues make organs. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Adult stem cells give the body its ability to repair and replace the cells and tissues of some organs. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Contrary to popular belief, stem cells are present in the human body throughout life and are found in many adult organs. (jcpa.org)
However, donor organs are in absolute shortage, and sadly, most patients die while waiting for a donor organ. (frontiersin.org)
Presently, in the United States, another person is added to an organ transplant list every 10 min, 17 people die each day while waiting for donor organs, and approximately 105,800 patients are waitlisted for an organ transplant according to the health resources and services administration (HRSA). (frontiersin.org)
The first stage of these experiments essentially consisted of injecting human embryonic stem cells into mouse embryos in order to generate quasi-human organs in the mice, with the eventual aim that they could be used for transplantation in human medicine, experiments that were published in the journal Nature . (bioethicsobservatory.org)
Thereafter, new experiments by Izpisua succeeded in modifying pig embryos and, later, primates, inoculating them with genetically modified human stem cells to obtain "humanized" animal organs that can be transplanted into humans. (bioethicsobservatory.org)

In human SCNT experiments, these eggs are obtained through consenting donors, utilizing ovarian stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
Various immune cells and immune gene products played an integrated role in ovarian cancer (OC) progression, proved the significance of the immune microenvironment in prognosis. (bvsalud.org)
ST6Gal-I expression in ovarian cancer cells promotes an invasive phenotype by altering integrin glycosylation and function. (ivfflorida.com)
ST6Gal-I expression in an ovarian cancer cell line alters integrin glycosylation and function. (ivfflorida.com)

The resulting cells would be genetically identical to the somatic cell donor, thus avoiding any complications from immune system rejection. (wikipedia.org)
As the fertilized egg divides from one cell into two, physicians can separate these two cells and implant each one of them into a woman's uterus to generate two genetically identical children. (jcpa.org)

Today, we can derive stem cells from a range of adult and newborn tissues: liver cells, kidney cells, brain cells, fat cells, and umbilical cord blood. (eppc.org)
Last May, the House of Representatives passed a bill to create a cord blood stem cell bank, legislation that is likely to become law with virtually unanimous support. (eppc.org)
There are other, less controversial alternatives to embryonic stem cells, such as adult, fetal, cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells, but they have other biological restrictions that make them less promising for use in regenerative medicine at this time. (nhsjs.com)

In the fetus, stem cells in developing tissue give rise to the multiple specialized cell types that make up the human body. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Embryonic stem cells are totally undifferentiated and have the ability to divide and create multiple specialized cell types. (nhsjs.com)

Yet, it requires painstaking and meticulous research to understand the role that maternal nutrition during conception and later pregnancy plays on fetal well-being. (vitamindwiki.com)

The genetic material of the donor egg cell is removed and discarded, leaving it 'deprogrammed. (wikipedia.org)
The egg is now viable and capable of producing an adult organism containing all necessary genetic information from just one parent. (wikipedia.org)
This is thought to be secondary to genetic factors leading to ovulation of several eggs during the menstrual cycle. (medscape.com)

Controversy surrounds human ESC work due to the destruction of viable human embryos, leading scientists to seek alternative methods of obtaining pluripotent stem cells, SCNT is one such method. (wikipedia.org)
The cells that form the inner cell mass of the blastocyst are called pluripotent stem cells . (orthodoxwiki.org)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technology applied in cloning, stem cell research and regenerative medicine. (asu.edu)
The holy grail of regenerative medicine-whatever one's ethical beliefs about destroying embryos-is to "reprogram" regular cells from one's own body so that individuals can be the source of their own rejection-proof therapies. (eppc.org)

The stem cells derived from the inner mass of a blastocyst lack the ability to form a fetus when implanted into a woman, but are self-renewing and can be maintained for long periods of time in the laboratory as undifferentiated stem cells. (jcpa.org)
In addition, specific proteins or biological substances can be added to these stem cell cultures to transform them in the laboratory into a large variety of specialized cell types, such as nerve, liver, muscle, bone, and blood cells. (jcpa.org)
Scientists have applied somatic cell nuclear transfer to clone human and mammalian embryos as a means to produce stem cells for laboratory and medical use. (asu.edu)

Age, body mass index (BMI), AMH levels, and pregnancy outcomes as clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) were analyzed. (springer.com)

Instead, it may depend on the host and donor molecular similarities or distinctions critical for the organogenesis program. (frontiersin.org)

In adults, the remaining stem cells only differentiate into cell types specific to the tissue in which they reside (some recent studies seem to prove the contrary. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Adult stem cells are rare, and their origin in mature tissue is not yet completely understood. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Some recent studies focus on the plasticity of the adult stem cells, which is the ability to differentiate in specialized cells of another tissue. (orthodoxwiki.org)
and altering cell and tissue characteristics for biomedical research and manufacturing. (nationalacademies.org)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
and from mature adult tissue cells reprogrammed to behave like stem cells. (cmq.org.uk)
These three sources of stem cells do not create the same serious ethical concerns as those derived from embryonic and foetal tissue. (cmq.org.uk)

The first being a female gamete, known as the ovum (egg/oocyte). (wikipedia.org)
These are then fused by inserting the somatic cell into the 'empty' ovum. (wikipedia.org)

For example, if a person with Parkinson's disease donated their somatic cells, the stem cells resulting from SCNT would have genes that contribute to Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)

The researchers adjusted their results for factors that could affect semen quality, such as age, body mass index (BMI), genital malformations, time from ejaculation to analysis, and abstinence period. (sciencedaily.com)

This is very common during the in vitro process because the ovaries are stimulated using medications, as opposed to the normal menstrual cycle where usually only one egg is release. (stackexchange.com)

After the somatic cell transfers, the cytoplasmic factors affect the nucleus to become a zygote. (wikipedia.org)
After fertilization, the zygote (fertilized egg) divides several times. (orthodoxwiki.org)

Dizygotic ("fraternal") twins (and higher multiples) occur because more than one egg is fertilized. (stackexchange.com)
Twins can be classified as monozygotic, originating from the fertilization and subsequent division of one egg, or dizygotic, originating from the fertilization and development of two eggs. (medscape.com)

Similarly, when the fertilized egg divides from two cells into four cells, each of these four cells has the potential to individually form a human fetus. (jcpa.org)
However, by the time the fertilized egg divides into 8 or 16 cells something changes and each respective cell, if separated, no longer has the potential to create a fetus. (jcpa.org)

In the interior of the blastocyst, there is a cluster of about 30 cells called the inner cell mass. (orthodoxwiki.org)
As the blastocyst cavity expands, the inner cell mass containing the stem cells becomes visible and may be graded based on the size and number of stem cells present (A is good, D is bad). (sharedjourney.com)
The blastocyst contains a fluid filled central cavity (blastocoele), an outer layer of cells (trophectoderm) and an inner group of cells (inner cell mass). (icmartivf.org)
Nor do only the cells of the inner cell mass of the blastocyst become the later adult and none of the cells from the inner cell mass become part of the placenta, umbilical cord, etc. (lifeissues.net)

Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)
With stem cell biology and molecular understanding of reproductive failure, new therapies for previously untreatable infertility are currently on the near horizon. (infertile.com)

Skin cells, fat cells, and liver cells are only a few examples. (wikipedia.org)
under certain conditions, they can be induced to become cells with special functions (like muscle cells, liver cells, neurons, etc. (orthodoxwiki.org)

Stem cells are naturally occurring in the human body (and other living organisms) at all levels of development. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Stem cells are the way the organism generates all the specialized cells needed for development and functioning. (orthodoxwiki.org)
As embryonic development proceeds, stem cells lose their pluripotency. (orthodoxwiki.org)
It is supposed that they are somehow set aside during fetal development and restrained from differentiating. (orthodoxwiki.org)
On the basis of our observations and historical literature, we propose that unusual development and morphology of nematode and trematode eggs are associated with early infection. (cdc.gov)
We have also seen this kind of substandard development in our donor program (see footnote). (sharedjourney.com)
There are not enough stem cells in the low grade blastocysts to continue development. (sharedjourney.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
The samples were measured for levels of the cytokine interleukin-6, or IL-6, an inflammatory marker known to play a role in fetal brain development. (healthwnews.com)
The development of women's "eggs" are arrested during fetal development. (wikibooks.org)
Considering the great potential of embryonic stem cell research, it is argued here that their research be allowed to be legal, federally funded, and its development a national priority. (nhsjs.com)

When donated eggs are used, 50-60% of the embryos should make it to the blastocyst stage with majority be of top quality. (sharedjourney.com)
Athough a first time donor may look good on paper, E2 levels and U/S, the quality of the eggs cannot be ascertained until the eggs are fertilized and the embryos cultured to the blastocyst stage. (sharedjourney.com)

You appear to be asking about monozygotic ("identical") twinning given the reference to "splitting the egg. (stackexchange.com)

Differential steroid pathway responses to adrenocorticotropin hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone in human fetal adrenal cell cultures. (ivfflorida.com)

Furthermore, permeability was found to be highly temperature-dependent in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) control cells and artificial membranes (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay). (aspetjournals.org)

While both types of stem cells are very important for biomedical research, the use of embryonic stem cells raises most of the bioethical issues. (orthodoxwiki.org)
There are many types of stem cells, but the one with the most potential is the embryonic stem (ES) cell. (nhsjs.com)
There are many types of stem cells, but most of the controversy surrounds embryonic stem cells, as they are derived from human embryos. (nhsjs.com)

In Vitro Fertilization - some of the embryos used in human stem cells research were initially created for infertility purposes through in vitro fertilization procedures. (orthodoxwiki.org)
But we can only wonder about the ethical propriety of producing the first human child with this technique, knowing that the hoped-for newborn would be a reproductive experiment, one that may end initially in numerous fetal failures. (eppc.org)

During ovulation induction treatment, the ovaries are stimulated to produce several follicles, thus increasing the risk of multiple eggs being released and subsequently fertilized. (medscape.com)

Additionally, there have been two executive orders focusing on embryonic stem cells, one released by President George W. Bush prohibiting embryonic stem cell research and related federal funding, the other by President Barack Obama reversing the previous order but still with restrictions in place ( 2). (nhsjs.com)

Monozygotic twins (and higher multiples) have markedly increased rates of every pattern of fetal and perinatal mortality, overall between four and seven times the rate compared to singletons. (stackexchange.com)
Given the risks that multiple gestations confer, some women elect for fetal reduction, especially in the setting of higher order multiples. (medscape.com)

she has three times addressed the United Nations during the Commission on the Status of Women on egg and womb trafficking. (cbc-network.org)

These cells genetically matched the donor organism from which they came. (wikipedia.org)
These cells are deemed to have a pluripotent potential because they have the ability to give rise to all of the tissues found in an adult organism. (wikipedia.org)
No matter how simple or complex an organism is, the cell remains the structurally and functionally basic unit of life (there are even unicellular organisms, like bacteria. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Any of the cells resulted from these divisions can give rise to all the cells needed to make up an adult organism. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Adult stem cells are dispersed in tissues throughout the mature organism and behave very differently depending on the local environment. (orthodoxwiki.org)
Stem cell research is, in part, a quest to understand cellular differentiation, the process by which a human being develops from one fertilized cell into a multicellular organism composed of over 200 different cell types - for example muscle, nerve, blood cell, or kidney. (jcpa.org)
On the other hand, a chimera is defined as an organism in which cells from two or more different organisms have contributed. (frontiersin.org)

Further observational studies and experimentation are needed to identify additional factors that might cause abnormalities in egg morphology and production. (cdc.gov)
Abnormal egg morphology can be observed early in the course of infection and can confound accurate diagnosis of intestinal helminthiases. (cdc.gov)
Gluten peptides enter the pancreas where they affect the morphology and might induce beta-cell stress by enhancing glucose- and palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion. (mdpi.com)

This can lead to severe anemia of the "donor" twin and polycythemia (overload of red blood cells) in the "recipient", both of which carry complications. (stackexchange.com)

Somatic cell nuclear transplantation has become a focus of study in stem cell research. (wikipedia.org)
To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)

Far more controversial-and for good reason-are stem cells derived from destroyed human embryos. (eppc.org)

I had 2pn frozen embryos (donor egg) cultured for 5 days and transferred a grade 2 blastocyst and a 3bb blastocyst. (sharedjourney.com)

Dichorionic, diamniotic twins result if the fertilized egg splits 0-3 days after fertilization. (medscape.com)
Proponents of stem cell research claim that the blastocyst is not human yet, and the embryos used for stem cell harvest are typically leftover from in vitro fertilization procedures with minimal chance that a human could ever develop from them. (nhsjs.com)
However, the exposure of these cells to excessive levels of oxidative stress by too high levels of ROS or too low levels of antioxidative protection will render these cells dysfunctional thereby failing the fertilization process and causing couples to be infertile. (hindawi.com)

Occasionally, abnormal forms of parasitic helminth eggs are detected during routine diagnostics. (cdc.gov)
An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. (icmartivf.org)

In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidative injury is one of the main features in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
Atherosclerosis occurs earlier and with greater severity in the population with diabetes [ 1 - 3 ] and is characterized pathologically by endothelial cell injury, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and thickening of intima [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

IAV was able to induce monocyte apoptosis and apoptotic cell disassembly in both in vitro and in vivo settings. (nature.com)

In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacement cells. (orthodoxwiki.org)

Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)

This policy is similar to that of other countries, including Israel, where scientists are funded by Government to study embryonic stem cells despite the aforementioned bioethical issue. (jcpa.org)

In the United States, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, the University of California San Francisco, the Oregon Health & Science University, Stemagen (La Jolla, CA) and possibly Advanced Cell Technology are currently researching a technique to use somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
But they are also less equipped to produce every cell type of the body and less able to reproduce themselves indefinitely, which makes them less appealing to scientists interested in basic research. (eppc.org)
Perhaps this is worth celebrating for young women who cannot produce eggs on their own, as a first step toward novel fertility treatments. (eppc.org)

Long before the controversy emerged over human embryonic stem cells, scientists and doctors began using first-generation stem cells from adult bone marrow. (eppc.org)
Effect of soy supplementation on regional fat, bone mineral content, and lean mass in postmenopausal women. (ivfflorida.com)

When the stem cells divide, the new cell may remain a stem cell to divide again or may differentiate to become any of the 200 types of specialized cells in the human body. (nhsjs.com)

this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are. (wikipedia.org)
So it is unlikely that the cells would be viable. (wikiquote.org)
Let's say that one in a thousand cells were nevertheless viable, practical issues come into play. (wikiquote.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)

Adult Stem Cells - occurring in adult organisms. (orthodoxwiki.org)
And recent experimental trials, while still very preliminary, suggest that adult stem cells may one day help us treat a host of terrible pathologies. (eppc.org)
Yet for now, the utility of adult stem cells also remains limited. (eppc.org)
Adult stem cells are easier to control than embryonic stem cells and thus less likely to form tumors. (eppc.org)
But adult stem cells also raise some interesting ethical dilemmas alongside their great therapeutic promise. (eppc.org)
In addition, the possibility of reprogramming adult stem cells back to a "pluripotent" (or embryonic-like) state raises the biological prospect of going back too far. (eppc.org)

In order to better appreciate the role of stem cell research in reproductive medicine, there is a need to understand the critical biological principles of stem cell research and its potential applications to medicine. (jcpa.org)
While there is a great deal published on the potential medical applications of stem cell research to treat or cure diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, and heart disease, much less has been published on the future impact of stem cell research in reproductive medicine. (jcpa.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms8

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes23

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science3

Named Groups4

Health Care3

Sperm9

Embryonic stem cells from the inner1

Embryo22

Germ cells10

Nuclei2

Organs8

Ovarian4

Genetically identical2

Cord blood3

Multiple specialized cell types2

Maternal1

Genetic3

Pluripotent stem2

Regenerative medicine2

Laboratory3

Pregnancy1

Similarities1

Tissue7

Ovum2

Somatic cells1

Semen1

Menstrual cycle1

Zygote2

Dizygotic2

Divides2

Inner cell4

Molecular2

Liver2

Development11

Blastocyst stage2

Identical1

Cultures1

Ovary1

Types of stem cells3

Initially2

Ovulation1

Restrictions1

Multiples2

Womb1

Organism7

Morphology3

Complications1

Transplantation2

Stem cells derived1

Frozen1

Fertilization3

Abnormal2

Hepatocytes1

Proliferation2

Vivo1

Tissues1

Suggests1

Bioethical1

Produce3

Bone2

Divide1

Viable4

Adult stem6

Reproductive medicine2