GenesSomatic mutationsPluripotent stemGenetic mutationsHematopoieticDifferentiationPhenotypeSquamous cell carcProliferationProgenitor cellMyeloid lineageMiceGene mutationsMultiple mutationsNPM1FibroblastsAccumulateEpithelial cellsExpressionJAK2TumorsTranscriptionalEndogenousGlialMutationalDistinctDevelopmental biologyStem and Progenitor CellsProteinsMorphologyMicroenvironmentPhenotypesIntracellularInfluenzaProteinEndodermalClonalLymphoidChromosomalSpecificationVariantsSpatialPopulationsViralReceptorPathwayStrainsNeoplasmsBiologyHematopoiesisTumor cellMechanismsComprisesProgressionHeterogeneousGermlineFateFunctionalSpecificFlow CytometrySingle-cellAntigen lackiEmbryonic stemTherapeutic
Genes7
- Microarray analysis of ATRA treated WT cells revealed differential expression of many genes involved in extracellular matrix formation and osteogenic, neuronal or muscle differentiation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Within a few days, a large proportion of cells formed in embryoid bodies expressed NANOS3-mCherry as well as other key PGC genes, indicating that they were probably nascent germ cells. (nature.com)
- These analyses revealed that induced PGC-like cells shared expression profiles (including core germ cell genes) with early PGCs and seminomas. (nature.com)
- Atherosclerotic plaques consist mostly of smooth muscle cells (SMC), and genes that influence SMC phenotype can modulate coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. (stanford.edu)
- We then screened the residual HSCs and detected some of these mutations including mutations in the NPM1, TET2, and SMC1A genes. (ox.ac.uk)
- Recurrent mutations in these genes provide clinically useful diagnostic markers. (mhmedical.com)
- Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
Somatic mutations3
- Current lineage tracking approaches rely on the progressive accumulation of either naturally-occurring somatic mutations or experimentally introduced markers. (caltech.edu)
- We explored the use of naturally occurring somatic mutations in mitochondrial transcripts detected in single-cell RNA-seq as genetic lineage barcodes in HPSC. (biorxiv.org)
- For NS, particular germ-line mutations in underlie JMML, which has clinical features similar to those in children with JMML arising from somatic mutations in although with generally better outcomes. (eprf.ca)
Pluripotent stem8
- But what is not getting such wide reporting is the use of pluripotent stem cells (as well as many other types of cells and genetic engineering techniques) for reproductive purposes . (lifeissues.net)
- Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) even face risks of DNA-damage-induced toxicity-related cell death. (biorxiv.org)
- In a study published in Cell , Surani and colleagues at Cambridge University (UK), jointly with Hanna and colleagues at the Weizmann Institute (Israel), report the development of a robust method for the specification of human PGC-like cells from ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (nature.com)
- Since the introduction of the mouse small intestinal organoid model in 2009, 1 there has been an avalanche of developments in this field, including development of culture conditions for human organoids derived from primary colonic tissue, 2 as well as from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). (stemcell.com)
- Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
- Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
- The directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into specific neuronal subtypes provides an unlimited supply of human neurons that can be used to study disease mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
- Sozzi E, Nilsson F, Kajtez J, Parmar M, Fiorenzano A. Generation of Human Ventral Midbrain Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells . (lu.se)
Genetic mutations2
- But irritants, infections, and inherited genetic mutations cause hundreds of skin disorders, ranging from mild cosmetic conditions to serious diseases such as cancer. (cshlpress.com)
- Cells require three to six genetic mutations to become carcinogenic, and these accumulate over time [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hematopoietic16
- Similar results were observed in Lin-CD34+CD38- hematopoietic stem cells, CD11b+ mature myeloid cells, CD19+ B cells, CD235+ erythroid cells. (confex.com)
- We modeled the development of embryonic tissues from hPSCs and delineated the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells by mitochondrial variant lineage tracing. (biorxiv.org)
- SHP-2 is usually a member of the tyrosine phosphatase family and regulates several biological processes, particularly embryogenesis and hematopoietic cell development (Tartaglia and Gelb, 2008). (eprf.ca)
- Results Generation of hiPSC lines and clinical manifestations in NS/JMML-derived hematopoietic cells Using somatic cell reprogramming (Takahashi et al. (eprf.ca)
- 2007) (Figures S1H, S2A and Supplemental Experimental Procedure), hiPSC lines were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor lineages, showing common morphology for the various cell types (Physique S1H). (eprf.ca)
- Flow cytometry analysis showed that this differentiating lines expressed the pan-hematopoietic marker CD45 at least until Day 28 (Physique S2B). (eprf.ca)
- Open in a separate window Physique 1 Clinical Features of NS/JMML hiPSC-Derived Hematopoietic Cells(A) Hematopoietic growth factor dose-response curves to GM-CSF. (eprf.ca)
- Although bone marrow fibrosis is seen in a variety of malignant and non-malignant disease states, the deposition of reticulin and collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis is believed to be mediated by the myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, contributing to an impaired microenvironment favoring malignant over normal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative therapeutic approach that reliably results in resolution of bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelofibrosis. (haematologica.org)
- We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)
- 3 Myelofibrosis (MF) refers to the Philadelphia chromosome ( BCR-ABL1 )-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) originating at the level of the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. (haematologica.org)
- Clonal evolution of preleukemic hematopoietic stem cells precedes human acute myeloid leukemia. (ox.ac.uk)
- We propose that serial acquisition of mutations occurs in self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). (ox.ac.uk)
- Aberrant expression of a third marker such as Thy-1/CD90 negativity, expression of CLL-1 and IL-3R (CD123), intermediate levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase and co-expression of common chromosomal translocation may be used to distinguish from normal hematopoietic stem cells. (ghrnet.org)
- A wide variety of hematopoietic cells exist, with the major protective lineages being lymphoid and myeloid. (justia.com)
- In other cases, where certain cells are lacking, such as islets of Langerhans in the case of diabetes, or cells which secrete dopamine in the case of Parkinson's disease, or bone marrow cells in various hematopoietic diseases, or muscle cells in muscle wasting disease, or retinal epithelial cells in visual disorders, it would be desirable to be able to provide cells which could fulfill the desired function. (justia.com)
Differentiation8
- The ability to perform lineage tracing at the single-cell level is critical to reconstructing dynamic transitions during cell differentiation. (biorxiv.org)
- Nevertheless, human PGC-like cells can be generated, albeit at very low frequency, by spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (nature.com)
- As a consequence, cell fate acquisition and subsequent differentiation of endosperm tissues are affected to varying degrees of severity. (biologists.com)
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy targeting the B cell specific differentiation antigen CD19 has shown clinical efficacy in a subset of relapsed/refractory (r/r) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. (frontiersin.org)
- These cells are the original precursors of various cells in a tumor, whereas other intratumoral cells are limited in terms of their potential for proliferation and pluripotent differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, normal adult stem cells (ASCs) self-renew, proliferate infinitely, have a multidirectional differentiation potential, similar to that of tumor cells, and can transform more easily into tumor stem cells than non-stem cells [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- World Health Organization differentiation markers and criteria for AMLs defined by differentiation. (medscape.com)
- Previous studies have indicated that newly formed oligodendrocytes are dynamic cells whose production, survival, and differentiation depend upon axonal influences. (rupress.org)
Phenotype4
- Studies in murine models, as well as in human samples, have demonstrated that SALL4 is essential for leukemic cell survival and that SALL4 transgenic mice develop an MDS-like phenotype prior to transformation to AML, suggesting that SALL4 can be a driver of MDS/AML pathogenesis. (confex.com)
- Discovery of Transacting Long Noncoding RNAs That Regulate Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. (stanford.edu)
- Single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that loss of Smad3 altered SMC transition cell state toward two fates: a SMC phenotype that governs both vascular remodelling and recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as a chondromyocyte fate. (stanford.edu)
- The other one is that mutation is any variation in the gene that causes an obvious change in phenotype whereas polymorphisms do not cause any obvious phenotypic variation. (tripod.com)
Squamous cell carc2
Proliferation4
- While all these entities are characterized by proliferation of highly atypical, anaplastic CD30+ T cells, the expression of T-cell specific antigens in the tumor cells is not consistently detectable. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- J) Annexin V and (K) Ki-67 staining of CD33+ myeloid cells show apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. (eprf.ca)
- During cellularisation,and at later stages of development, aberrant cell division and localised domains of cell proliferation are apparent in glo1-1 endosperms. (biologists.com)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from the over-proliferation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow. (ghrnet.org)
Progenitor cell1
- Now, for the first time, we have the experimental tools to ask important questions, like, 'Does stomach cancer really arise from mutations in this progenitor cell population? (sciencedaily.com)
Myeloid lineage1
- The classic myeloproliferative neoplasms, including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are a phenotypically diverse category of malignancies that are derived from stem cells in the myeloid lineage. (mhmedical.com)
Mice4
- Much of what is known about mammalian germ cell specification is based on studies in mice, in which PGCs are specified at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and other signals. (nature.com)
- They identify SOX17 as a crucial regulator, and the earliest marker, of PGC fate, revealing a key difference in PGC induction between humans and mice. (nature.com)
- As PGC-like cells represent the earliest stage of the human germ cell lineage, they provide a tool for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the specification and maintenance of the human germline, which cannot always be extrapolated from studies in mice. (nature.com)
- Now, a group of University of Michigan Medical School researchers has succeeded in finding and manipulating a population of cells that strongly resemble stem cells in the stomachs of mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Gene mutations2
- However, SALL4 expression status and related pathway in bone marrow (BM) cells and relationship with somatic gene mutations in MDS patients has not been explored. (confex.com)
- Current guidelines for risk stratification are dependent on identification of genetic aberrations particularly chromosomal translocations and gene mutations. (ghrnet.org)
Multiple mutations2
- In addition, since the stem cells are the longest-lived of the gastric cells, it is thought that these are the only cells that live long enough to accumulate the multiple mutations that can cause cancers. (sciencedaily.com)
- Finally, through single-cell analysis, we determined that a clonal progression of multiple mutations occurred in the HSCs of some AML patients. (ox.ac.uk)
NPM11
- Tumours with an underlying NPM1 mutation will show expression of NPM1 by immunohistochemistry in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, reflective of the aberrant cytoplasmic localization of this protein conferred by the mutation. (medscape.com)
Fibroblasts8
- 2012). The ability to induce hiPSCs from terminally differentiated cells such as skin fibroblasts (Takahashi et al. (eprf.ca)
- 2007), we obtained hiPSC lines from skin fibroblasts harboring mutations in from two subjects with NS/JMML. (eprf.ca)
- As controls, we used five AM 114 hiPSC lines derived from skin fibroblasts of unrelated healthy individuals and two subjects with NS, the latter to clarify which perturbations were attributable to the gain-of-function mutations generally those specific to JMML pathogenesis (Tables S1 and S2). (eprf.ca)
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in solid tumors can be defined as a dynamically plastic host mesenchymal fibroblastic component of TME (tumor microenvironment) immediately surrounding the tumor cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
- CAFs are resident fibroblasts and other mesenchymal components of the host, which are transformed/activated by the tumor cell. (encyclopedia.pub)
- First, CAFs are characteristically different from the normal tissue-resident fibroblasts and yet retain their cardinal elongated fibroblastic-morphology, mesenchymal-markers, and major fibroblastic functions in a modified way [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Background: Smooth muscle cells (SMC) transition into a number of different phenotypes during atherosclerosis, including those that resemble fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and make up the majority of cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. (stanford.edu)
- This development occurs under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), which is secreted by various cell types (eg, endothelial cells, fibroblasts). (msdmanuals.com)
Accumulate2
- Over the course of an individual's lifetime, normal human cells accumulate mutations1. (bvsalud.org)
- Persistent stem cells in the oral epithelium of adults are the only cells that can accumulate sufficient mutations for OSCC to develop [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Epithelial cells2
- The epithelial cells that make up the millions of glands of the stomach are constantly turning over. (sciencedaily.com)
- Cell culture experiments showed that the BA.2 spike confers higher replication efficacy in human nasal epithelial cells and is more efficient in mediating syncytia formation than the BA.1 spike. (cdc.gov)
Expression17
- GAL4 is ubiquitously expressed in these flies, thus driving marker expression. (wikipedia.org)
- The daughter cell lacking GAL80 will be labeled due to expression of the marker via the GAL4-UAS system. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders showed such a similar expression pattern to that of systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas, that none of the markers we investigated can reliably distinguish between these CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferations. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- In this study, we evaluated the expression of SALL4 and related factors using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) and NanoString technology in MDS patients alongside with target sequence for MDS-related mutations. (confex.com)
- We evaluated the expression of SALL4 using single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) utilizing 28 antibodies including surface lineage markers and intracellular proteins, such as p53, ki67, c-myc and pAKT to identify SALL4 expressed cells and related pathway in bone marrow (BM) for 10 MDS patients. (confex.com)
- SALL4 expression was also analyzed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) 14 patient samples utilizing two SALL4 probes designed for NanoString technology alongside with target sequence for MDS-related mutations. (confex.com)
- We observed that Lin-CD34+CD38+ progenitor cells in 8 out of the 10 MDS patients had higher SALL4 expression levels, while the progenitor cells of normal BM cells did not express SALL4. (confex.com)
- Conversely only 3 MDS patient had weak SALL4 expression in CD3+ T cells. (confex.com)
- To characterize these induced PGC-like cells and confirm their germ cell identity, the authors performed gene expression profile analyses, comparing the induced cells to human PGCs from 7-week-old male embryos and to a human seminoma originating from the germline in vivo . (nature.com)
- G and H) Representative immunoblots show increased pSTAT5 and total STAT5 (G), and pERK (H) protein expression levels in NS/JMML CD33+ myeloid cells. (eprf.ca)
- I) and expression levels in CD33+ myeloid cells. (eprf.ca)
- However, better understanding of the role of increased JAK-STAT signaling [either through activating mutations ( JAK2 , MPL515L/K ) within the signaling pathway, or mutations involving CALR ], the role of deregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and the impaired bone marrow microenvironment is transforming the treatment approach for MF. (haematologica.org)
- Together, the findings reveal that Smad3 expression in SMC inhibits the emergence of specific SMC phenotypic transition cells that mediate adverse plaque features, including outward remodelling, monocyte recruitment, and vascular calcification. (stanford.edu)
- Leukaemia stem cells (LSC) are identified by high CD34 and negative CD38 expression. (ghrnet.org)
- In Xenopus embryos, enforced expression of Tbx20a, but not Tbx20b, led to induction of mesodermal and endodermal lineage markers as well as cell migration, indicating that the long Tbx20a isoform uniquely bears functional domains that can alter gene expression and developmental behaviour in an in vivo context. (nih.gov)
- The presence of tau splicing mutations results in disease-associated alterations in tau expression, specifically a dose-dependent increase in 4R tau isoforms in the presence of the MAPT 10+16 variant. (researchsquare.com)
- [ 7 ] In addition, recent gene expression profiling studies support the concept that radial glial cells from different neuroanatomic sites may be predisposed to acquiring particular genetic aberrations that result in ependymomas with site-specific genetic signatures and biologic potential. (medscape.com)
JAK21
- Recently, activating mutations in JAK2 and MPL have been found in the majority of BCR-ABL -negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. (mhmedical.com)
Tumors6
- For a growing number of tumors the BRAF V600E mutation carries therapeutic relevance. (oncotarget.com)
- To understand these dependencies within the wider microenvironment, we studied over 270,000 single-cell transcriptomes and 100 microdissected whole exomes from 12 patients with kidney tumors, prior to validation using spatial transcriptomics. (bvsalud.org)
- The chronic inflammation eventually leads to changes in the character of the surrounding stomach cells and ultimately, over several years, to tumors. (sciencedaily.com)
- According to the hypothesis, only a small group of stem cell-like tumor cells can form new tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
- To theorize the "cell of origin" of ependymomas and related tumors, one needs only to look back through the stages of normal ependymal cell development. (medscape.com)
- Not only do choroid plexus tumors and ependymomas (including the various histologic subtypes) clearly recapitulate specific cell types found at various stages in this ontologic sequence, so too do a variety of other uncommon and/or recently recognized entities. (medscape.com)
Transcriptional1
- To better understand the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that mediate these cell state changes, and how they relate to risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), we have investigated the causality and function of transcription factors (TFs) at genome wide associated loci. (stanford.edu)
Endogenous2
- SBS18, which potentially reflects oxidative damage2, and several additional signatures attributed to exogenous and endogenous exposures contributed mutations to subsets of cell types. (bvsalud.org)
- Our study highlights the power of mitochondrial variants as an endogenous marker for clonal tracking in modeling human development from stem cells. (biorxiv.org)
Glial1
- SOX10 is a transcription factor active during embryonic development and it is essential for the generation of glial lineages from trunk crest cells. (standardofcare.com)
Mutational2
- Here we compare the mutational landscape in 29 cell types from the soma and germline using multiple samples from the same individuals. (bvsalud.org)
- Two ubiquitous mutational signatures, SBS1 and SBS5/40, accounted for the majority of acquired mutations in most cell types, but their absolute and relative contributions varied substantially. (bvsalud.org)
Distinct4
- Our approach pairs sparse scATAC-seq data with robust detection of hundreds of cell surface and intracellular protein markers and optional capture of mitochondrial DNA for clonal tracking, capturing three distinct modalities in single cells. (nature.com)
- These cells were cultured in a four-inhibitor-containing (4i) medium, previously developed by Hanna's group, which maintains cells in a distinct, more 'naive' pluripotent state. (nature.com)
- The intestinal epithelium incorporates several distinct cell populations, including the rapidly dividing intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that facilitate the typical four-to-five day turnover cycle of the adult intestinal epithelium. (stemcell.com)
- Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Developmental biology1
- Before this work, we knew that stem cells existed in the stomach, but we had no way to precisely identify them," says Gumucio, who directs the U-M Center for Organogenesis and is a professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology at the U-M Medical School. (sciencedaily.com)
Stem and Progenitor Cells1
- Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells have a much greater influence on the tissue in which they are found than errors arising in postmitotic differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins3
- Multiplexed detection of proteins, transcriptomes, clonotypes and CRISPR perturbations in single cells. (nature.com)
- Multiplexed quantification of proteins and transcripts in single cells. (nature.com)
- We were amazed to see that though these cells are normally very quiescent, that is, they don't divide, inflammatory signaling proteins such as interferon gamma provide a potent stimulus for multiplication of these cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Morphology2
- We describe the isolation and characterisation of a mutation that induces aberrant globular embryo and endosperm morphology, globby1-1 ( glo1-1 ). (biologists.com)
- IMM treatment dramatically inhibited HGG individual neuro-sphere invasion, both at neuro-sphere embedding and mid-invasion assay, inducing an amoeboid morphology in neuro-sphere edge cells, while inhibiting actin- and tubulin-enriched tumor microtube formation. (insulin-receptor.info)
Microenvironment2
- A tumor cell carrying characteristic genomic alteration(s) exists within its host's microenvironment. (encyclopedia.pub)
- The tempero-spatial interaction of tumor cells with its microenvironment is the deterministic factor for tumor growth, progression, resistance to therapy, and its outcome in clinics. (encyclopedia.pub)
Phenotypes1
- We review (1) the characteristics of CAF, (2) their evolution from being anti-tumor to pro-tumor, (3) their involvement in regulating growth and several metastasis-associated phenotypes of tumor cells, (4) their participation in perturbing immune defense and evading immune surveillance, and (5) their role in mediating drug resistance via tumor-CAF cross-talk with particular reference to endometrial cancers. (encyclopedia.pub)
Intracellular1
- Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Influenza1
- Sixty influenza B viruses isolated from MDCK cells showed no significant resistance to NAIs. (who.int)
Protein3
- ASAP-seq uses a bridging approach that repurposes antibody:oligonucleotide conjugates designed for existing technologies that pair protein measurements with single-cell RNA sequencing. (nature.com)
- The WHO Technical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution identified omicron as a divergent SARS-CoV-2 variant with 26 to 32 mutations in the viral spike (S) protein [3.4]. (medscimonit.com)
- The team employed spectral flow cytometry to evaluate B-cell responses to the booster vaccine with a 21-marker panel that included six tetramers for assessing responses against the spike protein subunit 1 (S1) of B.1, its receptor binding domain (RBD), and N-terminal domain (NTD), as well as identifying B cells that bound RBD and NTD of both B.1 and BA.1. (sepoy.net)
Endodermal1
- This finding was surprising, as SOX17 is a known endodermal marker and has no role in the specification of mouse PGCs. (nature.com)
Clonal3
- We further applied mitochondrial variant lineage tracing to spatial transcriptomics and identified the clonal development of both erythro-myeloid progenitors and their niche cells. (biorxiv.org)
- Given that most bone marrow cells are short-lived, the accumulation of multiple leukemogenic mutations in a single clonal lineage has been difficult to explain. (ox.ac.uk)
- These preleukemic HSCs suggest the clonal evolution of AML genomes from founder mutations, revealing a potential mechanism contributing to relapse. (ox.ac.uk)
Lymphoid2
- The immune system which results from cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages is developed in vivo, so as to recognize self from non-self. (justia.com)
- they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomal1
- Mutation involves any change in the hereditary material: from a point mutation to a chromosomal loss. (tripod.com)
Specification4
- When studying the mechanisms underlying PGC specification, the authors found that the transcription factor SOX17 was the earliest PGC marker to be upregulated. (nature.com)
- Based on our findings, however, we propose that specification of BETL cells is an irreversible event that occurs within a narrow window of syncytial development, and that BETL cell identity is subsequently inherited in a lineage-dependent manner. (biologists.com)
- The deficiency of Nr2f1 leads to the failed specification of dorsal CA1, among which there are place cells. (elifesciences.org)
- The reduction in rods and red/green cones correlated with defects in photoreceptor subtype lineage specification. (zfin.org)
Variants2
- observed trends were similar to those of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention national surveillance in the U.S. with B.1, B.1.2, and other sub-lineages comprising the dominant variants of SARS-CoV-2. (health.mil)
- According to recent research, booster vaccines strengthen CD4+ T-cell as well as memory B-cell responses against viral variants of concern (VOC), broaden the neutralizing antibody response, and improve neutralizing antibody potency. (sepoy.net)
Spatial6
- In multicellular organisms, the lineage history and spatial organization of cells both play pivotal roles in cell fate determination during development, homeostasis, and disease. (caltech.edu)
- In most cases, these marks are then read out by sequencing, discarding the spatial information of the cells. (caltech.edu)
- In this thesis, Chapter 1 introduces the importance of cell lineage and spatial organization to cell fate determination, and includes a brief history of the existing technologies of the lineage tracking field. (caltech.edu)
- We find that the tissue-type location of CD8+ T cell clonotypes largely defines their exhaustion state with intra-tumoral spatial heterogeneity that is not well explained by somatic heterogeneity. (bvsalud.org)
- These organoids include a polarized epithelial layer that surrounds a functional lumen and contains cell types of the intestinal epithelium present in proportions and relative spatial arrangement that mimic what is observed in vivo. (stemcell.com)
- Diagram of the small intestinal epithelium highlighting the identity and spatial arrangement of key epithelial cell types. (stemcell.com)
Populations4
- In order to label small populations of cells from a common progenitor, MARCM uses the GAL4-UAS system. (wikipedia.org)
- Lethal MARCM allows for the generation of large marked homozygous populations by including a lethal mutation near the GAL80 site. (wikipedia.org)
- The important functions of skin stem cell populations in tissue development, homeostasis, and repair are described, as are the roles of resident and recruited cells in inflammatory responses. (cshlpress.com)
- Transcriptomic profiling of T-cell populations in non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer. (lu.se)
Viral1
- Some of these techniques include novel tools for genetic manipulation, 4,5 approaches for in vitro disease modelling 6-9 and innovative co-culture system with autologous cell types 10,11 or bacteria, 12-14 as well as viral infection models. (stemcell.com)
Receptor3
- These mutations involve the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and may result in more efficient entry into the host cell, increased infectivity, and evasion of the immune response [4]. (medscimonit.com)
- We assessed the longitudinal vaccine responses using HTS, which delineated the evolutionary features of both T cell and B cell receptor repertoires with extreme diversities. (figshare.com)
- Upon vaccination, we unexpectedly found significant discrepancies in the landscapes of T-cell and B-cell repertoires, together with the detection of significant class switching and the lineage expansion of the B cell receptor or immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoire. (figshare.com)
Pathway1
- Specialized ependyma of the circumventricular organs and choroid plexus cells are additional highly specialized ependymal cells that ultimately derive from this developmental pathway. (medscape.com)
Strains6
- WNV strains are classified into at least 7 putative genetic lineages ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Lineage 1 strains are the most widespread, found in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australasia ("Kunjin virus"), and America, while lineage 2 strains are mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. (cdc.gov)
- Since neuroinvasive isolates mainly belonged to lineage 1, lineage 2 strains were previously considered to be less virulent. (cdc.gov)
- Recent studies, however, indicate that several highly virulent and neuroinvasive strains of lineage 2 WNV were detected in southern Africa ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- Until 2004, only lineage 1 and 3 WNV strains had been found in Europe. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, we sequenced 99 ospC flanking sequences from different lineages and compared the complete cp26 sequences of 11 strains as well as the cp26 bbb02 loci of 56 samples. (cdc.gov)
Neoplasms1
- Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a collection of benign and malignant neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells. (bvsalud.org)
Biology2
- Schier, A. F. Single-cell biology: beyond the sum of its parts. (nature.com)
- 17 This property of rapid regeneration at intestinal stasis makes the intestine a uniquely convenient model system for epithelial cell biology and adult stem cell biology studies both inside and outside the specific context of intestinal function. (stemcell.com)
Hematopoiesis1
- Fig. 3: Dissection of native human hematopoiesis with multimodal cell state inference and mtDNA-based lineage tracing. (nature.com)
Tumor cell3
- To search for possible modes of action of retinoids as novel therapeutic options, primary tumor cell cultures were treated in vitro with all-trans-RA (ATRA), 9cis-RA, fenretinide and combinations of retinoids and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- We report six conserved meta-programs that distinguish tumor cell function, and find an epithelial-mesenchymal transition meta-program highly enriched at the tumor-normal interface that co-localizes with IL1B-expressing macrophages, offering a potential therapeutic target. (bvsalud.org)
- The treating patient-derived HGG neuro-spheres, with IMMs, suppressed multiple areas of tumor cell invasion, including one cell migration from neuro-sphere cores, and directed an amoeboid morphological change in neuro-sphere advantage cells. (insulin-receptor.info)
Mechanisms3
- However, the molecular mechanisms through which mutations result in deranged myelopoiesis are not well understood. (eprf.ca)
- Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic transition, which leads to the formation of various cell types in atherosclerotic plaques, is regulated by a network of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and governs the risk of disease. (stanford.edu)
- In mammals, the immune systems serves as the primary defense with many different types of cells and mechanisms to protect the host. (justia.com)
Comprises1
- Notably, the omicron variant comprises four Pango lineages that include B.1.1.529, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 [3]. (medscimonit.com)
Progression1
- Therefore, we hypothesized that CRC cancer stem cell markers (CRCSC) will identify a group of patients at high risk for progression. (jcancer.org)
Heterogeneous2
- Background CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferations comprise a spectrum of clinically heterogeneous entities, including systemic anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALK- and ALK+) and primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Despite this heterogeneous response, blood pre-infusion biomarkers predicting responsiveness to CART cell therapy are currently understudied. (frontiersin.org)
Germline2
- Moreover, PGC-like cells initiated DNA demethylation, consistent with a germline-specific epigenetic programme. (nature.com)
- Although most ependymomas are sporadic, they may also be encountered in the context of neurofibromatosis type 2, a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome with germline mutation of NF2 / Merlin . (medscape.com)
Fate6
- We evaluated the reconstruction accuracy of our system in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and disentangled the relative contribution of lineage and space to cell fate determination in Drosophila brain development, establishing the foundation for an expandable synthetic microscopy-readable system. (caltech.edu)
- The SOX10 gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and determination of cell fate. (standardofcare.com)
- SOX17 was essential and sufficient to induce PGC fate in a cell-autonomous manner. (nature.com)
- To date, it has been hypothesised that BETL cell fate is specified in the syncytium and that cell files subsequently develop in response to a gradient of signal(s) derived from the maternal pedicel region. (biologists.com)
- Additionally, our data suggest that acquisition of aleurone cell fate does not solely rely upon signalling from the maternal surrounding tissue to the periphery of the endosperm, as previously thought, but that other factor(s) present within the endosperm are involved. (biologists.com)
- Smad3 regulates smooth muscle cell fate and mediates adverse remodeling and calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque. (stanford.edu)
Functional5
- We interrogate the functional characteristics of CAF in the light of its dialogue with tumor cells and other components of TME towards developing a CAF-based strategy for precision therapy to supplement tumor-based therapy. (encyclopedia.pub)
- They have been able to show that these cells, which they call "gastric progenitor cells," can give rise to all the different types (or lineages) of specialized cells needed to form the functional stomach glands that line the lower portion of the stomach. (sciencedaily.com)
- To have a functional consequence, a mutation does not have to be in the coding region. (tripod.com)
- An intronic mutation may well result in a non-functional gene (like the splicing site mutation in CYP21A2 ). (tripod.com)
- Besides, the effects of different T cell functional modulators and cytokines on TIL manufacture have also been examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific9
- This is useful tool in tracking development and specific cell lineages in various environmental conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- The authors generated three independent human ESC lines containing a reporter (mCherry) fused to the highly specific PGC marker NANOS3. (nature.com)
- Scientists have identified and described stem cells specific to several tissues and organs of the body -- key master cells that give rise to the specialized cell types characteristic of that organ. (sciencedaily.com)
- Just what specific role these progenitor cells may play in inflammation and cancer is not clear yet. (sciencedaily.com)
- In vitro , CD3 + CD8 + CD27 - CD28 - compared to CD3 + CD8 + CD27 + CD28 + CART cells displayed similar CD19 + target cell-specific cytotoxicity, but were hypoproliferative and produced less cytotoxic cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). (frontiersin.org)
- Using high throughput sequencing and computational approaches, I reconstruct the lineage of B cells that produce HIV-specific bnAbs, working backward, up to a pre-HIV infection timepoint. (wrfseattle.org)
- When the host is immunocompromised, there may be an interest in transfusing specific white cells, particularly T-cells, which may protect the host from various diseases. (justia.com)
- When the host lacks the ability to raise a defense against a particular disease, there may also be an interest in administering specific T-cells or B-cells or precursors thereof which may supplement the host's compromised immune system. (justia.com)
- He was referred to the the specific species or mutation band profile provided hospital for evaluation for PTB based on his history of by the manufacturer. (who.int)
Flow Cytometry1
- Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 4 μl reagent / 100 μl of whole blood or 10 6 cells in a suspension. (exbio.cz)
Single-cell7
- Recent technological advances have enabled massively parallel chromatin profiling with scATAC-seq (single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin by sequencing). (nature.com)
- Nam, A. S., Chaligne, R. & Landau, D. A. Integrating genetic and non-genetic determinants of cancer evolution by single-cell multi-omics. (nature.com)
- Stuart, T. & Satija, R. Integrative single-cell analysis. (nature.com)
- To address this vital gap in our toolkit, we developed a new synthetic lineage tracking system that allows us to image single-cell lineage history. (caltech.edu)
- De novo mutation calling from single-cell RNA-sequencing data allows us to broadly infer the clonality of stromal cells and lineage-trace myeloid cell development. (bvsalud.org)
- Patient-Derived Central Nervous System Tumor (CNS) Cell Isolation, Characterization, and Tradition De-identified suspected high-grade glioma medical samples were collected and immediately processed to a single cell suspension. (insulin-receptor.info)
- After tumor excision from the patient, tumor is digested into small fragments or a single cell suspension and then expanded in culture with IL-2. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen lacki1
- The field of the subject invention is the use of major histocompatibility complex antigen lacking cells and organs which may serve as universal donors in cellular and organ therapies including transplantation and to produce chimeric non-human mammals. (justia.com)
Embryonic stem1
- In addition, embryonic stem cells may be modified by homologous recombination for use in producing chimeric or transgenic mammalian hosts, which may be used as source of universal donor organs. (justia.com)
Therapeutic1
- In particular, scientific developments in areas such as iPS cells open new possibilities of research and, at mid term, of therapeutic applications, but they also bring new ethical challenges and problems requiring further reflection and debate. (lifeissues.net)