• CD137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, is a type 1 transmembrane protein, expressed on surfaces of leukocytes and non-immune cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a T cell co-stimulator, T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling causes expression of CD137 on T cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetically engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are rapidly emerging a promising new treatment for haematological and non-haematological malignancies. (nature.com)
  • Its receptor, CD137/4-1BB, is found on a variety of cells, including inflamed endothelial cells, where its expression enhances extravasation of CD137L expressing monocytes. (fishersci.com)
  • EphA2), targeting Bicycle potent agonists were created, which activated the costimulatory receptor selectively in the presence of tumor cells expressing that antigen. (svhealthinvestors.com)
  • Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell patients are immunocompromised, remain at high risk following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and are less likely than immunocompetent individuals to respond to vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cancer immunotherapy by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells has shown exhilarative clinical efficacy for hematological malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • TNFRSF9 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor super family, member 9), also called CD137 and 4-1BB, is a co-stimulatory molecule and is mainly expressed on the surface of T, B, NK and mononuclear cells. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • In this review we discuss the current knowledge in the area of peripheral immune-based biomarkers, drawing information from the results of recent clinical studies of a number of different immunotherapy modalities in the treatment of cancer, including checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and anti-cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Circulating tumor cells also demonstrate prognostic value as liquid biopsies in certain tumor types such as breast and prostate, with measurement of nuclear proteins such as prostate cancer androgen receptor splice variant-7, providing additional supportive information for prognosis and therapy selection [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transferred T cells that persist in the blood and form memory have a phenotype consistent with a less differentiated state (CD27/CD28/IL-7 receptor-α) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 2 ] CRS has become more formally associated with T-cell-engaging immunotherapies, such as blinatumomab and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy . (medscape.com)
  • Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is any breast cancer that does not express the genes for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • IFNAR is a heteromeric cell surface receptor composed of two subunits, referred to as the low affinity subunit, IFNAR1 , and the high affinity subunit, IFNAR2 . (wikidoc.org)
  • Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
  • Approaching the response issue from the other direction, Dr. Melero discussed invigorating T cell function using an agonist of the costimulatory receptor CD137, particularly in combination with other immunotherapies, such as ICB or adoptive T cell transfer. (acir.org)
  • When the CD137/CD137L complex interacts with endothelial cells, including those lining vascular structures, it induces the upregulation of molecules that promote inflammation and damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD137 ligand (CD137L) is a type II membrane protein and part of the TNF superfamily. (fishersci.com)
  • CD137L is a co-stimulatory molecule that is expressed on antigen presenting cells (DCs, monocytes/macrophages, B cells) and is upregulated upon activation. (fishersci.com)
  • Activated T cells also express CD137, and engagement with CD137L enhances T cell proliferation, IL-2 secretion, survival, and cytotoxic activity. (fishersci.com)
  • CD137L is also expressed on a majority of B-cell lymphomas, including mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (but it is lacking on Hodgkin lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma). (fishersci.com)
  • CD137L is also expressed in carcinoma cell lines, and is thought to be involved in T cell-tumor cell interactions. (fishersci.com)
  • CD137 (4-1BB) is a member of the TNFR family that mediates potent T cell costimulatory signals upon ligation by CD137L or agonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (unav.edu)
  • CD137 is activated by its ligand CD137L or activating anti-CD137 antibodies enhance tumor rejection because it is upregulated on T cells following activation and its engagement increases T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • In this study, we evaluated the role of OX40L in costimulation of human antiviral CD8 T cell responses and compared it with two other important costimulators, B7.1 (CD80) and 4-1BBL (CD137L). (aai.org)
  • Current cancer immunotherapy treatments use monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to target and kill cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
  • instead of targeting tumor cells, the goal of immunotherapy is to augment and expand the immune system's intrinsic antitumor response. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunotherapy with CAR-T cells has achieved tremendous successes in treatment of hematological malignancies. (ijbs.com)
  • As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
  • This has led to the need for new immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022), organized by the Fondazione Melanoma Onlus, Naples, Italy, in collaboration with the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has resulted in the development of additional immunotherapy-based approaches, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT), therapeutic vaccines, and inhibitors of other immune checkpoints. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The use of cell therapies, drivers of immune response, and trends in immunotherapy were the focus of the Immunotherapy Bridge (November 30th-December 1st, 2022). (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD8+ T cell-mediated immunotherapy may represent an attractive approach to address TNBC. (oncotarget.com)
  • The five immunotherapy agents that are FDA approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma all have similar objective response rates (ORR) - between 15 and 23% in unselected patients in the second line setting (Table 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells and myeloid cells, harvested after the mice were treated for 2 weeks, were analyzed with flow cytometry to characterize the effect the chemo-immunotherapy regimen had on the tumor microenvironment (TME). (amegroups.org)
  • The chemo-immunotherapy regimens also increased the number of tumor-infiltrating PD1+CD137+CD8+ T-cells and interferon-gamma-expressing PD1+CD137+CD8+ T-cells, but these increases were not statistically significant. (amegroups.org)
  • Gemcitabine with GVAX and anti-PD1 with or without anti-CSF-1R also improved the infiltration of effector CD8+ T-cells, and the presence of anti-CSF-1R in the chemo-immunotherapy regimens decreased the infiltration of myeloid cells. (amegroups.org)
  • 4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Combination of Adar1 loss and anti-PD-1 synergized to eliminate tumors and prolong survival in mice, and Adar1 deletion resensitized treatment-resistant tumors to immunotherapy, even in the case when tumor cells could not be recognized by CD8 + T cells due to B2m loss. (acir.org)
  • After treatment, tumor-specific T cells from mice treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy had an increased expression of granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ. (acir.org)
  • On the second day of the conference, Ignacio Melero presented the Keynote Address on the importance of IL-8 and CD137 (4-1BB) in immunotherapy. (acir.org)
  • When CD137 then reacts with the CD137 ligand, it leads to CD137 upregulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • When CD137 interacts with its ligand, it leads to T cell cytokine production and T cell proliferation, among other signaling pathway responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD137 and its ligand both induce signaling cascades upon interaction, a phenomenon known as bidirectional signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CD137/ligand complex is also involved in regulation of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CD137 ligand is a type-II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on APCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CD137 ligand is normally expressed at low levels, but can have increased expression in presence of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or proinflammatory immune responses like IL-1 secretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD137/ligand stimulation has been found to lead to stronger anti-tumor responses due to cytotoxic T cell activation and is being examined as a possible anticancer therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mixture with designed death-ligand 1 blockade resulted in potent healing efficiency which exhibited elevated tumor-infiltrating Compact disc8 T cells. (biotech2012.org)
  • Within the last year the landscape for mUC has seismically shifted following the approval of five therapies targeting the programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The article, titled "Anticancer immunity induced by a synthetic tumor-targeted CD137 agonist" is available online via this link . (svhealthinvestors.com)
  • Antitumor effects of agonist anti-CD137 mAbs are critically dependent on the integrity of cIAPs in cancer mouse models, and cIAPs are also required for signaling from CARs encompassing CD137's cytoplasmic tail. (unav.edu)
  • An EphA2/CD137 TICA efficiently co-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro in the presence of EphA2-expressing tumor cell lines, as measured by an increased secretion of interferon γ and interleukin-2. (svhealthinvestors.com)
  • Despite their efficiency, adoptive T-cell therapies show unique toxicities, which are distinct from those seen with conventional chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and small-molecule-targeted therapies. (nature.com)
  • We tested four candidate anti-BCMA CARs each comprised of unique single chain variable fragments from antibodies specific to BCMA fused to CD3zeta and CD137 (4-1BB) signaling domains. (bmj.com)
  • Breaking chemoresistance and radioresistance with [ 213 Bi]anti-CD45 antibodies in leukemia cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • New monoclonal anti-mouse DC-SIGN antibodies reactive with acetone-fixed cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • To make the most of these approaches, we have constructed chimeric mRNAs encoding single-chain IL-12 fused to single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies that bind to transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) and CD137 (4-1BB). (unav.edu)
  • To attain TGF-beta and CD137 binding by the constructions, we used bispecific tandem scFv antibodies (taFvs) derived from the specific 1D11 and 1D8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), respectively. (unav.edu)
  • 2. Peptides, antibodies, and reagents Artificial peptides representing the Compact disc8 T-cell epitopes Trp2180 (SVYDFFVWL), hgp10025 (KVPRNQDWL), mgp10025 (EGSRNQDWL), Trp1455 (TAPDNLGYA), the heteroclitic analog Trp1455/9M (TAPDNLGYM), and Ova55 (KVVRFDKL) had been purchased 80% genuine from A&A Labs. (biotech2012.org)
  • Similarly, antibodies targeting PD-L1 including atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab have now received accelerated approval from the FDA as second line treatments for mUC, with durable response lasting more than 1 year in some patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Other cells that express CD137 include both immune cells (i.e. monocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), and regulatory T cells) and non-immune cells (i.e. chondrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
  • A soluble form of CD276 is also secreted by monocytes, dendritic cells, and activated T cells. (nbsbioscience.cn)
  • Delivery of OX40L to human monocytes using a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus led to greater expansion, up-regulation of perforin, enhanced cytolytic activity, and increased numbers of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing antiviral memory CD8 T cells in cultures of total T cells. (aai.org)
  • MDSCs and M2 macrophages) and increased the population of CD8 + T cells and monocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME). (acir.org)
  • In current clinical development, targeting CD19 + B cell malignancies, which include acute and chronic B-cell leukaemia and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), with anti-CD19 CAR-T cells is one of the most advanced adoptive T-cell therapies and has been approved by the FDA. (nature.com)
  • Splenic endothelial cell lines support development of dendritic cells from bone marrow. (southernbiotech.com)
  • PDF) Kraan J, van den Broek P, Verhoef C, Grunhagen DJ, Taal W, Gratama JW, Sleijfer SEndothelial CD276 (B7-H3) expression is increased in human malignancies and distinguishes between normal and tumour-derived circulating endothelial cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Background: Mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage. (researchgate.net)
  • Results: No difference in antigen expression between normal and malignant endothelial cells (ECs) was found for CD54, CD109, CD137, CD141, CD144 and CXCR7. (researchgate.net)
  • Mature circulating endothelial cells (CEC) are surrogate markers of endothelial damage. (researchgate.net)
  • Statistical and machine-learning based analyses demonstrated that the MAGE-A3-Mp4 epitope-specific CD8+ T cell clones were mostly in effector and proliferating state. (thno.org)
  • Removing senescent T cells from the physiological cycle to maintain the homeostasis of memory and effector T cells is the way of replacement. (hindawi.com)
  • NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • These cells can be activated ex vivo to exhibit a potent antitumor effector function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study and/or manipulation of administered cells can potentially result in identification of the exact cell subpopulations and effector functions required for cancer regression in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Its grading and treatment are independent of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS). (medscape.com)
  • This combination regimen also increased the infiltration of CD8+ T-cells that expressed both PD1 and CD137, and these T-cells were shown to express high levels of interferon-gamma, a marker of cytotoxic effector CD8+ T-cells. (amegroups.org)
  • The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Endogenous biomolecules (such as lactate dehydrogenase) or previously added exogenous labels (such as the radioisotope 51Cr) that leak into the media are then measured as an indirect readout of the damage caused by effector cells. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Typically, CARs consist of a target binding domain, which is an extracellular domain that is specifically expressed by CAR-T cells, a transmembrane domain, and a signalling domain, which is an intracellular domain that provides an activation signal to T cells. (nature.com)
  • Treatment of C57/Bl6 mice (transgenic for the human CD137 extracellular domain, huCD137) bearing EphA2-expressing MC38 tumors resulted in increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells, the elimination of tumors, and generation of immunological memory. (svhealthinvestors.com)
  • CD137 is a costimulatory molecule functioning to stimulate T cell proliferation, dendritic cell maturation, and promotion of B cell antibody secretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, increases in adhesion molecules, including vascular adhesion molecule-1 or intracellular adhesion molecule-1, on epithelial cells causes recruitment of immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils. (wikipedia.org)
  • What is known is the fact that mAbs targeting CD137 are successful in fighting cancer as they can not only mark cancer cells, but they allow for CD8+ T cell activation and increased IFN-gamma secretion as per CD137's function as a costimulatory molecule. (wikipedia.org)
  • With minimal instrumentation (four 96-well plates and a multichannel pipette), cell-specific codes are added to each tagged molecule within cells through sequential rounds of classical split-pool synthesis. (nature.com)
  • Here, an in-depth interrogation of T cell infiltration, local immune contexture, signaling pathways and checkpoint molecule expression was performed in early-stage and late-stage VSCC. (bmj.com)
  • 15 In addition to promoting T-cell activation, the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule have been shown to cause apoptosis, and inactivation of the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ molecule by converting their tyrosine residues to phenylalanines has been shown to decrease T-cell apoptosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer tumors respond (as measured by pathologic complete response: the absence of microscopic evidence of invasive tumor cells in the breast) to combined chemotherapy of AC(doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel plus trastuzumab or lapatinib or both given before surgery to patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumor target-dependent CD137 agonism using TICAs afforded elimination of tumors in preclinical models using only intermittent dosing, suggesting the potential for a wide therapeutic index in humans. (svhealthinvestors.com)
  • There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Targeted delivery of tumor necrosis factor-α to tumor vessels induces a therapeutic T cell-mediated immune response that protects the host against syngeneic tumors of different histologic origin. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Despite the progresses made in treating hematological malignancies, challenges still remain for use of CAR-T cell therapy to treat solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • In this landscape, most studies have primarily focused on improving CAR-T cells and overcoming the unfavorable effects of tumor microenvironment on solid tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • To further understand the current status and trend for developing CAR-T cell based therapies for various solid tumors, this review emphasizes on CAR-T techniques, current obstacles, and strategies for application, as well as necessary companion diagnostics for treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • However, due to intricacies of solid tumors and their locations in the human body, treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells is facing multiple obstacles, such as the hostile tumor microenvironment, on-tumor/off-tumor toxicities, and undesired antigen specificity [ 2 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Encouragingly and optimistically, in this landscape, more than forty clinical trials in treatment of solid tumors by CAR-T cells have been registered in China alone (Table 1 ) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Therefore, in this review, we focus on current CAR-T techniques , obstacles, strategies for overcoming these obstacles, as well as necessary companion diagnostics in treatment of solid tumors with CAR-T cells. (ijbs.com)
  • Our ongoing Immuno-Oncology clinical program is looking at broad patient populations, across multiple solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and lines of therapy and histologies, with the intent of powering our trials for overall survival and other important measures like durability of response. (bms.com)
  • The expression of genes involved in the migration of T cells and myeloid cells, T cell activation and costimulation, interferon (IFN)-γ signaling, cytotoxicity and apoptosis was higher than in low infiltrated tumors. (bmj.com)
  • A, Representative flow plots and MFI of 4-1BB expression on splenic and tumor CD4+ T cells in HuT mice (n = 5) with large 200 mm3 tumors treated with 5 mg/kg of CD3-binding control or PSMAxCD3 48 hours after dose. (lyvgen.cn)
  • Our gene expression analysis of human melanoma cell lines and patient tumors revealed that melanoma follows a two-dimensional differentiation trajectory that can be subclassified into four progressive subtypes. (bvsalud.org)
  • In mice, this three-step therapy induced CD4- and CD8-dependent systemic immune responses that enhanced T-cell infiltration into distant tumors, leading to their eradication and significantly improving survival. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, Adar1-deficient tumors expressed more IFNβ and IFNγ, and experienced significant growth inhibition. (acir.org)
  • In tumors, antigen-specific functional ICOS + CD4 + cells were increased, and both ICOS + CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were increased in the blood of patients. (acir.org)
  • CXCL8) is produced by many solid tumors, where it attracts myeloid cells and potentiates the survival of tumor cells. (acir.org)
  • Cross-linking CD137 and active T cells can not only result in T cell proliferation via increased IL-2 secretion, but surviving cells also contribute to expanding immune system memory and augmenting T cell cytolytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatments designed to target the CD137 molecules expressed on immune cell surfaces often lead to T cell proliferation as CD137 stimulation allows for the T cells to continue through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • This proliferation eventually leads to other immune cell responses and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines which result in exaggerated inflammatory responses that exacerbate atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Workflows have been developed for the expansion of pathogen-specific CD4 or CD8 T cells expressing CD137, which can then be used in screens against pathogen protein libraries to identify those that specifically activate T cells (e.g. proliferation or cytokine secretion). (antigendiscovery.com)
  • They are involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of tumor cells, thus becoming potentially effective molecular targets of anti-tumor drugs. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • In additional reports, B cells revised expressing the costimulatory substances genetically, and B cells packed with -galactosylceramide possess synergistically amplified T-cell proliferation as effectively as DCs and induced an array of adaptive immunity against tumor cells [11,12]. (biotech2012.org)
  • First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG 1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Monoclonal anti-mouse Compact disc40 (FGK45.5) and anti-4.1BB/CD137 (2A) were prepared from hybridoma tradition supernatants. (biotech2012.org)
  • The terms cytokine storm and CRS have both been used to describe similar syndromes of systemic inflammation that are associated with a variety of diseases and treatments, such as graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplant, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), COVID-19, and as an adverse event associated with several monoclonal antibody infusions. (medscape.com)
  • Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells had superior antilymphoma efficacy compared with the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody from which the anti-CD19 CAR was derived. (ashpublications.org)
  • Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Third, IL-2 therapies aiming at expanding immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • The data published in JITC describe the application of Bicycle's unique technology to produce a new class of potential immuno-oncology therapies: tumor-targeted immune cell agonists, or TICAs," said Nicholas Keen, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer of Bicycle Therapeutics. (svhealthinvestors.com)
  • Beside the focuses on the aspects of treatment, companion diagnostics are increasingly recognized as playing important roles in patient screening, treatment regimen, efficacy evaluation, and real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell therapies. (ijbs.com)
  • In summary, our data confirms this antigen as promising target for T cell based therapies. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore, ferroptosis-inducing drugs present an orthogonal therapeutic approach to target the differentiation plasticity of melanoma cells to increase the efficacy of targeted and immune therapies. (bvsalud.org)
  • express pdf may replace immune documents Following therapies, but this focuses innate. (kloevekorn.com)
  • This class of personalized therapies involves collecting immune cells from an individual, engineering them to recognize and kill cancer cells, before culturing, and reintroducing them into the same individual. (technologynetworks.com)
  • While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In this setting, a single intravenous treatment of 5.2 x 10 6 bb2121 anti-BCMA CAR + T cells resulted in rapid tumor infiltration, followed by involution and complete tumor clearance after nineteen days. (bmj.com)
  • NK cell infiltration into tumor tissue is associated with better disease prognosis in colorectal cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and lung carcinomas ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Methods The type, location, and infiltration pattern of T cells were studied in 109 patients with primary VSCC FIGO stage I-III. (bmj.com)
  • RNA expression of genes involved in immune oncology and oncogenic signaling pathways was analyzed in 40 VSCC, matched for prognostic clinicopathological variables, analyzed for HPV and p53 status, and selected based on T cell infiltration. (bmj.com)
  • Results High intraepithelial infiltration with CD4 or CD8 T cells was associated with longer overall and recurrence-free survival and formed an independent prognostic factor, outperforming molecular subtype and stage of the disease. (bmj.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) operably link T cell activation domains to the antigen recognition properties of an antibody, thereby redirecting T lymphocytes to cells expressing the antigen. (bmj.com)
  • Furthermore, vaccination with COH04S1 resulted in a significant increase in S- and N-specific T cells, predominantly CD4+ T lymphocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • First described in 1975, NK cells were initially identified as a distinct sub-population of lymphocytes by their capacity to spontaneously lyse tumor cells ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, cIAPs are required for CD137 signaling toward the NF-?B and MAPK pathways and for costimulation of human and mouse T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
  • Ongoing studies are researching CD137 as a biomarker for atherosclerosis as well as CD137 antagonists as potential therapeutics to reduce the symptoms associated with the condition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Efforts at using NK cells as antitumor agents began over two decades ago, but recent advances in elucidating NK cell biology have accelerated the development of NK cell-targeting therapeutics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently two CAR-T cell based therapeutics, Kymriah (Tisagenlecleucel) and Yescarta (Axicabtagene ciloleucel) approved by US FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) are now used for treatment of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) respectively in the US. (ijbs.com)
  • Bicycle Therapeutics plc today announced updates from the Phase I/II trial of BT8009 in patients with numerous cancer types where Nectin-4 is expressed. (biospace.com)
  • Aberrant high expression of B lymphocyte chemokine (BLC/CXCL13) by C11b + CD11c + dendritic cells in murine lupus and preferential chemotaxis of B1 cells towards BLC. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Doxorubicin enhances the expression of "eat-me" signals by dying tumor cells, facilitating their phagocytosis by dendritic cells (DC). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)
  • As part of the safety lead-in portion of a phase 2 clinical trial in patients post HCT/CAR-T for hematological malignancies (HM), we tested the immunogenicity of the synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara-based COVID-19 vaccine COH04S1 co-expressing spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens. (bvsalud.org)
  • The antigens discovered can be used in downstream applications such as single-cell phenotyping with multiparameter flow cytometry and epitope mapping. (antigendiscovery.com)
  • Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
  • Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are antigenic molecules that are unique to or highly expressed on tumor cells and absent or lowly expressed on healthy cells. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • One is the ability to administer large numbers of highly selected cells with high avidity for tumor antigens that can recognize shared and patient-specific mutated (neo) antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • The intent of vaccination is to induce a combined antibody and T-cell anti-HER-2 immune response, which is intended to target HER-2-expressing tumor cells, and may induce tumor regression or slow progression of disease. (stanford.edu)
  • We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
  • The objectives of this study were to assess the expression of CXorf61 in TNBCs and healthy tissues and to evaluate its capability to induce T cell responses. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, by in vitro priming of human CD8+ T cells derived from a healthy donor recognizing CXorf61 66-74 we were able to induce a strong antigen-specific immune response and clone a human TCR recognizing this epitope. (oncotarget.com)
  • Designing adjuvants that can induce strong cytotoxic T cell responses in humans would greatly improve the effectiveness of an antiviral vaccination or therapeutic strategy. (aai.org)
  • Haining concluded that Adar1 is a checkpoint, and its removal could potentially induce sufficient inflammation to restrict tumor growth while bypassing the need for recognition of tumor by CD8 + T cells. (acir.org)
  • Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Cloning and characterization of T cell receptors (TCRs) from responding T cells resulted in the identification of the two HLA-A*0201-restricted T cell epitopes CXorf61 66-74 and CXorf61 79-87 . (oncotarget.com)
  • Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)
  • The researchers hypothesized that when PD-1 is blocked, other inhibitory receptors compensate and alter T cell signaling, therefore limiting response to PD-1 blockade. (acir.org)
  • At the end of culture all four candidates demonstrated equivalent transduction efficiencies and released cytokines specifically in response to BCMA-positive multiple myeloma cell lines. (bmj.com)
  • Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
  • Combined stimulation with the T helper cell type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 induces mouse mast cell apoptosis. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Many strategies and approaches have been tried to overcome these obstacles, including arming CAR-T cells with knock-out of PD-1 expression or secretion of cytokines/chemokines and using CAR-T cells in combination with other treatments [ 3 - 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • For evaluation of peripheral immune-cell function, several immune-related analytes may be measured, including cytokines, soluble plasma proteins, and immune cells, analyzed by surface marker expression, transcriptomic, or epigenetic profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that results from the pathologic over-activation of T cells, leading to hypersecretion of cytokines by T cells and other immune cell types. (medscape.com)
  • [ 22 ] resulting in a positive feedback loop of T-cell activation and inflammatory cytokine release, a murine model study has suggested that the cytokines and factors that mediate the severity of CRS, IL-6, IL-1, and nitric oxide are not produced by the CAR-T cells but by recipient macrophages, and can be reversed by IL-1 blockade. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we found that two cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, activated colorectal cancer cells to be more invasive and stem-like. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two CD19-targeting CAR-T cell products, Kymriah from the Novartis (East Hanover, NJ USA) and Yescarta from the Kite Pharma (Santa Monica, CA USA), have been approved by the US FDA for treating B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), respectively [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • TAA-related drugs are able to kill tumor cells by mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)/complement-dependent cytotoxicitytest (CDC) and activating immune responses. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • In vitro , doxorubicin microparticles were less cytotoxic to DCs than to B lymphoma cells, did not require internalization by tumor cells, and significantly enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells by DCs as compared with soluble doxorubicin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To evaluate the anti-tumor activity of bb2121 in vivo , we employed a murine xenograft model in which 10 7 RPMI-8226 cells were subcutaneously implanted in NSG mice eighteen days prior to CAR T cell treatment, resulting in tumor volumes of 95 mm 3 at the time of infusion. (bmj.com)
  • All mice treated with bb2121 anti-BCMA CAR T cells remained tumor free for the study duration (85 days). (bmj.com)
  • However, the addi-tion of either recombinant IL-2 or an anti-CD137 mAb markedly improves both outcomes in these mice. (unav.edu)
  • The efficacy of these drugs can be evaluated via subcutaneous/in situ inoculation of TAA-humanized murine-derived cell lines in wild-type mice. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • Mice and cell lines Feminine C57BL/6 (B6) mice, aged six to eight 8 weeks, had been bought from Orient Bio (Seongnam, Korea). (biotech2012.org)
  • By vaccination of HLA-A*02-transgenic mice with CXorf61 encoding RNA we obtained high frequencies of CXorf61-specific T cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • The efficient engraftment in immune-deficient mice achieved with both acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines and primary samples has facilitated identification of the antileukemia activity of a wide variety of agents. (ashpublications.org)
  • PSMAxCD3 with 4-1BB costimulation in mice increases expansion and activation of CD8+ T cells. (lyvgen.cn)
  • H, Individual tumor growth curves from mice reimplanted with TRAMP-C2-hPSMA cells 35 days after initial tumor clearance. (lyvgen.cn)
  • We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
  • One infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells completely eliminated normal B cells from mice for at least 143 days. (ashpublications.org)
  • The antilymphoma efficacy of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells was critically dependent on irradiation of mice before anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusion. (ashpublications.org)
  • Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
  • To evaluate anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a murine model of adoptive T-cell therapy, we developed a CAR that specifically recognized murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
  • In this review, we aim to summarize the composition of CAR-T cell and its application in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (hindawi.com)
  • 8. Lui O, Mak N, Leung K. Conjugated linoleic acid induces monocytic differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia cells. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Strong T cell infiltrated VSCC displayed a coordinated immune response reflected by a positive association between T cells and different lymphocyte and myeloid cell subsets. (bmj.com)
  • An enrichment of CD4 T cells, B cells, plasma cells and myeloid cells was also observed compared to controls. (alecomm.com)
  • Candidate anti-BCMA CARs were introduced into T cells via lentiviral vector technology, and the transduced T cells expanded using a scalable clinical manufacturing process. (bmj.com)
  • Of note, CD19, CD20, CD30, CD33, CD123, and CD269 as ideal targets have shown extraordinary potential for CAR-T cell therapy and other targets such as CD23 and SLAMF7 have brought promising future for clinical trials. (hindawi.com)
  • CD137 agonists attain immunotherapeutic antitumor effects in cancer mouse models, and multiple agents of this kind are undergoing clinical trials. (unav.edu)
  • Several neutralizing TGF- b agents and CD137 agonists are also undergoing early-phase clinical trials. (unav.edu)
  • Clinical activity of TIL therapy has also been reported in other cancer types, including human papillomavirus-associated cancers, cholangiocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • 12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
  • Clinical trials have shown that for melanoma, NSCLC, or renal cell carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-1, elevated serum IL-8 at baseline predicted lower survival. (acir.org)
  • However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
  • Antigen Discovery Inc., in collaboration with David Koelle's laboratory Laboratory at the University of Washington in Seattle, has developed a high-throughput screening methodology for identification of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell specificities in cellular samples. (antigendiscovery.com)
  • Compact disc70-T pulsed with multi-antigenic peptide produced multiple antigen-specific polyvalent Compact disc8 T cells which were with the capacity of inhibiting tumor development effectively. (biotech2012.org)
  • Our outcomes showed that suffered manifestation of costimulatory substances can boost APC function, as well as the outcomes from mouse tumor versions demonstrate the bigger efficiency of Compact disc8 T cells endowed with costimulatory Compact disc70 in inducing effective antigen-specific Compact disc8 T-cell reactions. (biotech2012.org)
  • COVID19 vaccination can elicit a distinct T cell-dominant immune-mediated hepatitis with a unique pathomechanism associated with vaccination induced antigen-specific tissue-resident immunity requiring systemic immunosuppression. (alecomm.com)
  • Comprehensive immunologic assessment of the inflammatory infiltrates in the liver revealed the presence of a highly activated cytotoxic CD8 T cell infiltrate including a SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cell population that correlated with the peripheral activation of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 T cells, indicating that post-COVID19 vaccination hepatitis involves vaccination-elicited antigen-specific immune responses with distinct histological features compared to bona fide autoimmune hepatitis. (alecomm.com)
  • In this way, CD137 is often referred to as an immune checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
  • The recent FDA approvals of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab mark the latest successes in the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, the analysis of TMB and T-cell gene expression provided value in identifying patients most likely to respond to pembrolizumab, suggesting the potential value for these biomarkers in the selection of patients for checkpoint therapy [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because of the vesicant activity of doxorubicin, microparticles made of biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) or PLGA can safely deliver doxorubicin intratumorally and are effective vaccine adjuvants, (ii) enhancing T-cell activation using anti-OX40 and (iii) sustaining T-cell responses by checkpoint blockade using anti-CTLA-4. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
  • Proteins encoded by the cloned ORF plasmids are expressed using a cell free in vitro transcription/ translation ("IVTT") system. (antigendiscovery.com)
  • ADI uses the same high-throughput cloning and cell-free in vitro transcription and translation methodology employed in the manufacture of protein microarrays (described here ). (antigendiscovery.com)
  • FAP-4-1BBL induces in vitro T cell activation in the presence of signal 1. (lyvgen.cn)
  • 15 We have recently conducted experiments that demonstrated enhanced in vitro survival of human T cells that were transduced with an ErbB2-specific CAR when the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ domain of the CAR were inactivated. (ashpublications.org)
  • Expanded T cells are screened in stimulations with pathogen proteins in the presence of autologous PBMC as antigen-presenting cells (APC). (antigendiscovery.com)
  • In this scholarly study, we examined the applicability of revised Compact disc8 T cells with costimulatory ligands Compact disc70 genetically, Compact disc80, OX40L, and 4-1BBL using recombinant retroviruses to serve alternatively way to TOFA obtain autologous APCs. (biotech2012.org)
  • In the current post-pandemic era, recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) deserve special attention. (bvsalud.org)
  • To enhance protective cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells in immunosuppressed recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), we evaluated post-HCT impact of vaccinating healthy HCT donors with Triplex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, Compact disc70-T prime accompanied by TriVax booster heterologous vaccination elicited healing antitumor impact against B16 melanoma where mediated by Compact disc8 T cells however, not Compact disc4 T cells or organic killer cells. (biotech2012.org)
  • Murine Un4 and B16F10 melanoma cell lines had been from the American Type Tradition Collection (Manassas, VA), and Dish retroviral product packaging cells had been bought from Cell Biolabs (NORTH PARK, CA). All cell lines had been cultured as suggested by the service provider. (biotech2012.org)
  • 2013). The engagement of CTLA-4 on primary melanoma cell lines induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and TNF-alpha production. (utm.my)
  • Malignant transformation can result in melanoma cells that resemble different stages of their embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)
  • In metastatic melanoma patients increased peripheral ICOS + CD4 + T cells correlated with improved survival. (acir.org)
  • Compared with CAR-T cells, CAR exosomes do not express Programmed cell Death protein 1 (PD1), and their antitumour effect cannot be weakened by recombinant PD-L1 treatment. (nature.com)
  • Explore our series of recombinant neural factors to support the culture and differentiation of nerve cells. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • For era of recombinant retroviruses encoding the costimulatory ligands, 5106 Plat-E cells were seeded in a 100-mm culture plate coated with 5 g/mL of poly-L-lysine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). (biotech2012.org)
  • Two days later, Rabbit Polyclonal to Tip60 (phospho-Ser90) the recombinant retroviruses were titrated and gathered into 293T cells, which were useful for the transduction experiments then. (biotech2012.org)
  • Successful TIL therapy starts with the identification, enrichment, stimulation, and expansion of potent tumor-reactive T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stem cell marker Oct-4 was upregulated in colorectal cancer cells upon IL-6 and TNF-α stimulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therapeutic intervention aims to reverse tumor-induced NK cell suppression and sustain NK cells' tumorlytic capacities. (frontiersin.org)
  • In chronic cases, this results in excessive inflammation of the epithelial tissue, leading to cell damage and the formation of atherosclerotic inflammatory lesions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
  • Leptin participates in the inflammatory responses in multiple cell types and animal models. (shengsci.com)
  • Withaferin A, an anti-inflammatory steroidal lactone, inhibited the IL-6- and TNF-α-induced cancer cell invasion and decreased colonosphere formation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include inactivation of autoantigen-recognizing T and B cells by the induction of apoptosis, anergy or conversion into immunosuppressive regulatory cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • One method is to target senescent T cells which have selective apoptosis function. (hindawi.com)
  • Within the last 18 months five new immunotherapies have been approved for second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This differentiation model is associated with subtype-specific sensitivity to iron-dependent oxidative stress and cell death known as ferroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Each protein is expressed and printed individually onto custom nitrocellulose microarray slides. (antigendiscovery.com)
  • Neural factors are a class of protein molecules with neurotrophic activity that can promote the survival and regeneration of nerve cells. (acrobiosystems.com)
  • Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) were identified as potential crucial targets for cancer treatment. (utm.my)
  • Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) isa secretory protein reported to regulateinfiltration of human cancer cells such as lung cancer by binding to integrin. (fujifilm.com)
  • Peripheral tolerance evolved to counteract autoantigen-recognizing T or B cells that escape central tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The intrahepatic infiltrate showed enrichment for CD8 T cells with SARS-CoV-2-specificity compared to the peripheral blood. (alecomm.com)
  • Notably, hepatitis severity correlated longitudinally with an activated cytotoxic phenotype of peripheral SARS-CoV-2-specific, but not EBV-specific CD8+ T cells or vaccine-induced immunoglobulins. (alecomm.com)
  • An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, transcribed Compact disc80 and 4-1BBL RNA on Compact disc4 T-cells augments their APC function, leading to significant restorative antitumor results [16]. (biotech2012.org)
  • On the basis of recent advances in the understanding of antitumor immunity, we designed a three-step approach to in situ immunization to lymphoma: (i) inducing immunogenic tumor cell death with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is an attractive CAR T cell target to treat patients with multiple myeloma. (bmj.com)
  • Nearly all multiple myeloma tumor cells express BCMA, while normal tissue expression is restricted to plasma cells and a subset of mature B cells. (bmj.com)
  • These data demonstrate the effectiveness of our lentivirus-based CAR T cell manufacturing process and support the further development of bb2121 for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. (bmj.com)
  • CD137 is also involved in cancer having been found upregulated in cancerous cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • To date, diverse immunotherapeutic modalities have been accepted as viable strategies for eliminating cancerous cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • The CAR-containing exosomes express a high level of cytotoxic molecules and inhibit tumour growth. (nature.com)
  • The goals for advances in flow cytometry are clear: measure as many relevant target molecules per cell as quickly as possible. (nature.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • 1 , 2 , 14 Phosphorylation of tyrosines in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) of CD3-ζ molecules is important for T-cell activation. (ashpublications.org)
  • however the expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, VISTA) increased on the newly infiltrating T cells, suggesting the need for targeting multiple pathways in prostate cancer. (acir.org)
  • When they arrive, these cells initiate proinflammatory responses including cytokine secretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our data suggest that donor-derived SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses are functional in immunosuppressed recipients and may play a critical role in post-HCT vaccine response and protection from the fatal disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Targeting the activation of immune checkpoints is recognized as an effective strategy for triggering anti-tumour immune responses in cancer cells. (utm.my)
  • Such viruses promote anti-tumor responses through a dual mechanism of action that is dependent on selective tumor cell killing and the induction of systemic anti-tumor immunity. (bms.com)
  • The biological role of CD276 is still under investigation however, recent studies suggest a negative regulatory role for CD276 in T cell responses. (nbsbioscience.cn)
  • Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to its well-established role in costimulation of CD4 T cell responses, OX40L (CD134) can directly costimulate mouse CD8 T cells. (aai.org)
  • To meet the current market demand for the development of TAA-related drugs, Biocytogen has developed a set of humanized cell lines for efficacy evaluation. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • The company has also developed humanized tumor cell lines according to the potential drug action mechanisms, so as to provide a more comprehensive and effective disease model for drug efficacy evaluation. (biocytogen.com.cn)
  • In contrast, OX40L showed efficacy in direct activation of memory CD8 T cells in only one of seven donors. (aai.org)
  • While the data provided by these assays help piece together an understanding of different facets of immune cell‑mediated killing, it is important to note that the parameters being reported often do not correlate with target cell killing efficacy in vivo. (technologynetworks.com)
  • 2014). PD-L1 and MHC-I expression in 19 human tumor cell lines and modulation by interferon-gamma treatment. (utm.my)
  • Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)