Intercellular junctionsNeuromuscularAdherens junctionsDesmosomesSynapsesAdhesionNucleiProteinProteinsStrengthensTissuesEpitheliaEpithelial cellsMembraneCharacteristicStructuresElegansExtracellular matrixCome in many shapes and sPlay key rolesSquamous cell carcCytoplasmInteractionsPhysiologyStructuralSolar cellResearchersCytoskeletonReceptorMotilityTumorMusclesPlantsBacteriaCytoskeletalDetectIncreasesPolarityEndothelial cellOccurFindingsImmuneDrosophilaAdjacent cellsActinContractileWallsLesionsNuclearSynapticFibersRoot'sDepolarizationKeratinocytesStimulationSimilarProliferationNerve cellsDifferentiationCellularMorphologySingleMolecules
Intercellular junctions3
- Synapses are specialized intercellular junctions that are required for the transfer of information between neurons. (rupress.org)
- Intercellular Junctions in Animal Cells are. (freezingblue.com)
- Desmosomes are intercellular junctions offering cells with structural balance. (researchatlanta.org)
Neuromuscular4
- Although Ankyrin is not required for the localization of the Spectrin skeleton to the neuromuscular junction, it contributes to Spectrin-mediated synapse development. (rupress.org)
- It is embedded in the cell wall of post synaptic nerves at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. (proteopedia.org)
- The nicotinic receptors are cylindrically-shaped proteins imbedded in synaptic walls that act as chemically-controlled sodium channels (also called ligand-gated sodium channels) that penetrate through the cell walls of post-synaptic nerves and myocytes at the skeletal neuromuscular junctions. (cdc.gov)
- It includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions. (medscape.com)
Adherens junctions12
- In vertebrates, there are three major types of cell junction: Adherens junctions, desmosomes and hemidesmosomes (anchoring junctions) Gap junctions (communicating junction) Tight junctions (occluding junctions) Invertebrates have several other types of specific junctions, for example septate junctions or the C. elegans apical junction. (wikipedia.org)
- Adherens junctions share the characteristic of anchoring cells through their cytoplasmic actin filaments. (wikipedia.org)
- There is considerable morphologic diversity among adherens junctions. (wikipedia.org)
- The band-type of adherens junctions is associated with bundles of actin filaments that also encircle the cell just below the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- Spot-like adherens junctions called focal adhesions help cells adhere to extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
- The cytoskeletal actin filaments that tie into adherens junctions are contractile proteins and in addition to providing an anchoring function, adherens junctions are thought to participate in folding and bending of epithelial cell sheets. (wikipedia.org)
- Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
- Adherens junctions (AJs) play key roles in establishing and maintaining epithelial structure ( Nelson, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
- Seam cells are linked to the hypodermis by small adherens junctions along their apical borders and by small gap junctions on their lateral membranes ( SeamFIG 2 ).In a newly hatched animal, there are ten seam cells on each side of the animal (H1-H2, V1-V6 and T). All seam cells, except for H0, divide in a stem-cell-like pattern before each molt. (wormatlas.org)
- At this stage, ten embryonically born individual seam blast cells contact each other through adherens junctions. (wormatlas.org)
- At its apical surface, seam makes adherens junctions (aj) to the hypodermis throughout its length. (wormatlas.org)
- White arrows ) Adherens junctions. (wormatlas.org)
Desmosomes2
- Desmosomes, also termed as maculae adherentes, can be visualized as rivets through the plasma membrane of adjacent cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes, their transmembrane anchors are composed of cadherins in those that anchor to other cells and integrins (focal adhesion) in those that anchor to extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
Synapses1
- Dendrites, the arms extending from the cell body, receive signals from other neurons at junctions called synapses. (brainfacts.org)
Adhesion9
- Cell junctions or junctional complexes, are a class of cellular structures consisting of multiprotein complexes that provide contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix in animals. (wikipedia.org)
- Combined with cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix, cell junctions help hold animal cells together. (wikipedia.org)
- At the core of AJs, cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion through Ca 2+ -dependent homophilic interactions between their extracellular domains. (rupress.org)
- Prominent among the molecular adhesion components are integrins (β1 and β2), that mediate the interactions of a variety of immune cells to extracellular matrices, and to other immune cells, respectively. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Near the apical side, cells adhere tightly via adhesion junctions (green). (elifesciences.org)
- We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
- On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
- 2011 One crucial finding acquired by examining these mice was that lots of desmosomal proteins are certainly necessary to maintain cells adhesion as proven for example from the blistering pores and skin and hair thinning phenotypes of and null mice (Koch et al. (researchatlanta.org)
- We develop a computational model based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation, which includes combined local activation and global inhibition mechanisms of intercellular adhesion suggested by our experiments, and provides experimentally validated predictions of the role of seeding density and both chemotactic and random cell migration on pattern formation. (bvsalud.org)
Nuclei6
- TGF-β1 activated accumulation of phosphorylated SMAD2 (pSMAD2-C) at centrioles of motile cilia and at cell nuclei. (springer.com)
- This triggered an increase in paracellular permeability via cellular redistribution of claudin 3 (CLDN3) from TJs into cell nuclei followed by disruption of epithelial integrity and formation of epithelial lesions. (springer.com)
- In summary, we demonstrate a role of motile cilia in TGF-β1 sensing and showed that TGF-β1 disturbs TJ permeability of conductive airway epithelia by redistributing CLDN3 from TJs into cell nuclei. (springer.com)
- I-L ) In toto images can be automatically processed using membrane and nuclei segmentation algorithms for estimating cell numbers, cell shapes, and protein expression at a single-cell resolution. (elifesciences.org)
- At each original cell body of the seam syncytium, where the nuclei are positioned, the seam completely interrupts hyp 7 (section through B in inset ), whereas at the ends of the cells, the seam is so thin that hyp 7 runs behind it, enfolding it completely (section through C in inset ). (wormatlas.org)
- My lab integrates traditional and single-nuclei RNA sequencing to elucidate transcriptome-wide changes to RNA metabolism in clinically relevant post-mortem brain tissue and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models of neurological disease including ALS and autism. (ed.ac.uk)
Protein7
- Cell junctions are also especially important in enabling communication between neighboring cells via specialized protein complexes called communicating (gap) junctions. (wikipedia.org)
- Three types of anchoring junctions are observed, and differ from one another in the cytoskeletal protein anchor as well as the transmembrane linker protein that extends through the membrane: Anchoring-type junctions not only hold cells together but provide tissues with structural cohesion. (wikipedia.org)
- The receptor is a cylindrically-shaped protein. (proteopedia.org)
- This protein transports a particular hormone into nerve cells in the developing brain. (medlineplus.gov)
- As a result, this protein is unable to transport T3 into nerve cells effectively. (medlineplus.gov)
- The shape of an animal body plan is constructed from protein components encoded by the genome. (tufts.edu)
- A protein [virus protein, genome-linked by a capsid architecture with 32 distinct cup-shaped depressions. (cdc.gov)
Proteins5
- Cells have developed several types of junctional complexes to serve these functions, and in each case, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells as well as to proteins in the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
- Although the microbeads we used differ from real gut bacteria in terms of shape or the presence of certain proteins, we believe that they are simple and good substitutes, at least for the purposes of flow observation," explains Dr. Ishida. (medicalxpress.com)
- The ability to secrete fluid comes from the fact that different proteins occur in each side of the cell allowing the cells to effectively pull chemicals into the cell from inside the body and then push them out across the other side into the outside world. (thenakedscientists.com)
- Sometimes they are proteins, rather like special revolving doors in the cell membrane that can allow only certain chemicals out - we call these transporters. (thenakedscientists.com)
- The cell body, also called the soma, contains the neuron's nucleus and most of its cytoplasm, along with molecular machinery for building and transporting proteins critical to the cell's function. (brainfacts.org)
Strengthens1
- PAR-1 activation strengthens endothelial tight junctions, increases endothelial survival, and dampens the inflammatory response. (cdc.gov)
Tissues6
- Cell junctions are especially abundant in epithelial tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Cells within tissues and organs must be anchored to one another and attached to components of the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
- These junctions are most abundant in tissues that are subject to constant mechanical stress such as skin and heart. (wikipedia.org)
- Using this algorithm, we then studied a number of cases in Arabidopsis thaliana , including several different tissues, a variety of actin-affected mutants, and cells responding to powdery mildew. (biorxiv.org)
- Morphological alterations induced in a genomically wild-type G. dorotocephala during regeneration include not only the shape of the head but also the morphology of the brain, the characteristic distribution of adult stem cells (neoblasts), and the bioelectric gradients of resting potential within the anterior tissues. (tufts.edu)
- Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. (hindawi.com)
Epithelia2
- TGF-β1 is a major mediator of airway tissue remodelling during atopic asthma and affects tight junctions (TJs) of airway epithelia. (springer.com)
- On the one hand, similar to endothelial cells, parenchymal epithelia must guide leukocytes to traverse them in order to reach a localized inflammatory focus, for example, in the lung or intestinal mucosa. (hindawi.com)
Epithelial cells8
- Herein we elaborated effects of TGF-β1 on TJs of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. (springer.com)
- Lung epithelial cells form a barrier that lines airway and alveolar surfaces and constitute an air-liquid interface. (springer.com)
- Epithelial cells growing on a patterned adhesive surface with the shape of the Weizmann Institute tree. (weizmann.ac.il)
- c ) Current shape representations of 3D epithelial cells: prism, frustum, prismatoid, and scutoid. (elifesciences.org)
- These areas are often made up of polarized parenchymal epithelial cells that form barriers to compartmentalize functions in cavities of the liver, intestine or lungs (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- Epithelial cells, holds your cells together. (freezingblue.com)
- Epithelial cells have two sides, one facing the inside of the body and one facing the outside. (thenakedscientists.com)
- Epithelial cells come in many shapes and sizes - some are rather boring, looking like a sheet of bricks bonded together with tight junctions. (thenakedscientists.com)
Membrane7
- Cadherin molecules form the actual anchor by attaching to the cytoplasmic plaque, extending through the membrane and binding strongly to cadherins coming through the membrane of the adjacent cell. (wikipedia.org)
- The connexon complexes stretches across the cell membrane and when two adjacent cell connexons interact, they form a complete gap junction channel. (wikipedia.org)
- The droplet formation and cell encapsulation process involves multiphase flow problems and coupled membrane-fluid mechanics problems. (aiche.org)
- This paper also studies the deformation of the cell under the shear-stress and pressure that act on the cell membrane by the flow field during the dynamic process of droplet formation and cell encapsulation, as well as the interactions between cell membrane and flow field in the droplet, which are critical to the success of the cell encapsulation process. (aiche.org)
- In plants, microtubules retain a role in cell division but also guide cell wall development through their relationship with wall-building enzyme complexes in the plasma membrane[ 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- In Eukaryotes, made of a cell membrane that is filled with microtubules and is not connected. (freezingblue.com)
- Generation of a nerve impulse (action potential) of a sensory neurone occurs as a result of a stimulus such as light, a particular chemical, or stretching of a cell membrane by sound. (medscape.com)
Characteristic1
- Synaptic connections are established with characteristic, cell type-specific size and spacing. (rupress.org)
Structures9
- These structures maintain apical Baz, accumulate apical Crumbs, and organize polarized cytoskeletons, but display abnormal cell morphology and fail to segregate the basolateral cue Discs large from the apical domain. (rupress.org)
- In animals and fungi, they play a number of roles including aiding in the formation of flagella or cilia[ 7 ], providing structures for material transport, and positioning of the mitotic spindle during cell division[ 8 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- Solar cell wafer with four-junction concentrator cells and test structures. (optics.org)
- Two dual-junction cell structures are first grown on separate III-V compound semiconductor substrates and then fused together so efficiently that the interface promotes the current flow through the four-junction solar cell device. (optics.org)
- In this project, the partners demonstrated for the first time the successful transfer of ultra-thin solar cell layer structures and the application of re-usable engineered substrates. (optics.org)
- But, dotted around the body, in numerous places, these cells form little structures that can secrete an array of different chemicals: we call these exocrine glands. (thenakedscientists.com)
- The exocrine glands are exquisitely arranged with a mix of different cell types in specific structures. (thenakedscientists.com)
- The cell body contains structures such as the nucleus. (brainfacts.org)
- Live imaging identifies dynamic and transient F-actin-based structures, such as filopodia, contractile ring and cell cortex, and more persistent F-actin-based structures, such as cell junctions. (biologists.com)
Elegans1
- SeamFIG 1: Seam is composed of a longitudinal string of cells on each side of C. elegans . (wormatlas.org)
Extracellular matrix1
- Tendon cells synthesize the tendon's extracellular matrix , which abounds with densely-packed collagen fibers. (handwiki.org)
Come in many shapes and s1
- Neurons come in many shapes and sizes, but most have some basic features. (brainfacts.org)
Play key roles1
- Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions are known to play key roles in the recruitment and activation of immune T-cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
Squamous cell carc5
- Methods: In total, 174 patients (T1: 105 patients and T2: 69 patients) with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue receiving intraoral resection were enrolled in the study, including 106 male patients and 68 female patients (aged 27-88 years, mean 58 years). (omicsonline.org)
- Lighter-skinned people are much more susceptible to squamous cell carcinoma than darker-skinned people. (msdmanuals.com)
- This erythematous, irregular plaque on an extremity was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. (msdmanuals.com)
- The appearance of squamous cell carcinoma is variable. (msdmanuals.com)
- These hyperpigmented, scaly lesions on the earlobe were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. (msdmanuals.com)
Cytoplasm3
- Communicating junctions, or gap junctions allow for direct chemical communication between adjacent cellular cytoplasm through diffusion without contact with the extracellular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
- Validation experiments with stressors were performed in human neuroblastoma cells, where ATM localized only to cytoplasm, similar to brain. (preprints.org)
- A neurone consists of a cell body (with a nucleus and cytoplasm), dendrites that carry electrical impulses to the cell, and a long axon that carries the impulses away from the cell. (medscape.com)
Interactions3
- In the synthetic niche, interactions with the functionalized scaffold are expected to provide the signals needed for T-cell activation (with or without antigen specificity), lineage selection, proliferation, and survival. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
- We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
Physiology1
- check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
Structural3
- In multicellular plants, the structural functions of cell junctions are instead provided for by cell walls. (wikipedia.org)
- Our goal is to understand the structural and functional properties of excitable cells in the heart and brain across multiple length scales in order to decipher disease-relevant, nanoscale functional units in heart and nerve cells. (mbexc.de)
- To investigate the structural organisation, dynamics and functional importance of F-actin in endothelial cells (ECs) during angiogenesis in vivo , we generated a transgenic zebrafish line expressing Lifeact-EGFP in ECs. (biologists.com)
Solar cell9
- To achieve this, the researchers are replacing the conventional triple-junction solar cell - which consists of semiconductors from groups III and V of the periodic system - by a new four-junction device. (optics.org)
- For the first time, we can combine the best III-V compound materials in one solar cell device. (optics.org)
- At Fraunhofer ISE, more than 30 individual semiconductor layers had to be engineered and optimized for the new four-junction solar cell. (optics.org)
- Characteristics of the currently best Fraunhofer ISE-Soitec four-junction solar cell. (optics.org)
- The result of this French-German collaboration is a four-junction solar cell device with an outstanding efficiency of 43.6 % at a concentration level of 319 suns. (optics.org)
- It is the first time that such a high efficiency is obtained for a solar cell with four pn-junctions in series. (optics.org)
- The further development of this new four-junction solar cell offers the opportunity to improve conversion efficiencies even further to 50 % in the future. (optics.org)
- This was an important milestone on the way to a commercialization of the new four-junction solar cell. (optics.org)
- An American research team developed the new formula by applying to bifacial cells the Shockley-Queisser triangle, which is used to calculate the maximum theoretical efficiency of a monofacial solar cell using a single p-n junction technology. (pv-magazine.com)
Researchers2
- World's smallest high-performance magnetic tunnel junctions At Tohoku University, researchers led by current president Hideo Ohno report they have developed the world's smallest high-performance magnetic tunnel junctions, measuring only 2.3 nanometers. (nxtbook.com)
- Bifacial cells with single junctions provide bigger efficiency gains than monofacial cells, the researchers said. (pv-magazine.com)
Cytoskeleton3
- The actin cytoskeleton is essential in eukaryotes, not least in the plant kingdom where it plays key roles in cell expansion, cell division, environmental responses and pathogen defence. (biorxiv.org)
- In addition, this problem is by far the most acute for actin, the narrowest element of the cytoskeleton, which is ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
- While the role of ion pump and leak in cell volume regulation has been well-established, the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its substantial interplay with ion transporters are still unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Receptor3
- a1) T cells can also interact with, and be activated by, DCs presenting via MHC/HLA a specific antigen matching the T-cell receptor, and accompanied by co-stimulatory (CD80/CD86 DCs, and CD28 T cells) and adhesive molecules (ICAM-1/LFA-3 DCs, and LFA-1/CD2 T cells). (weizmann.ac.il)
- When in the presence of acetylcholine , the receptor undergoes a conformational change opening up the channel to an influx of sodium (Na) within the cell. (proteopedia.org)
- When the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, attaches to the portion of the nicotinic receptor outside of the cell wall, it induces a conformational change that selectively opens up the channel to sodium ions. (cdc.gov)
Motility1
- Hence, WH1 is important for all cellular processes involving actin, this includes cell motility, cell trafficking, cell division and cytokinesis, cell signalling, and the establishment and maintenance of cell junctions and cell shape. (uslegalforms.com)
Tumor2
- Indeed, loss of epithelial cell polarity is associated with tumor development and metastasis. (rupress.org)
- This role explains T-cell dysfunction and tumor risk. (preprints.org)
Muscles1
- The functional unit of neural circuits and networks is the neuron , a specialized cell that can transmit electrical signals to other nerve cells, muscles, or glands. (brainfacts.org)
Plants5
- The analogues of communicative cell junctions in plants are called plasmodesmata. (wikipedia.org)
- Yet, the precise structure-function relationships of properties of the actin network in plants are still to be unravelled, including details of how the network configuration depends upon cell type, tissue type and developmental stage. (biorxiv.org)
- Although they are present in almost all mammalian cells, their existence in plants is still hotly debated[ 11 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- Multi-junction solar cells are used in so-called concentrator PV power plants. (optics.org)
- He and his team were investigating the structure of plant cell walls, looking for an enzyme that was believed to be responsible for loosening the cell wall, enabling plants to grow into long blades of grass or towering redwoods. (aaas.org)
Bacteria2
- For future studies, our analytical demonstration could serve as a cue for investigating the relationships between some unique subsets of intestinal cells or tight junctions and gut bacteria . (medicalxpress.com)
- What shape is the DNA in Bacteria and Eukaryotes? (freezingblue.com)
Cytoskeletal4
- Amongst a multitude of other functions, the cytoskeletal network, prevalent in almost all eukaryotic cells, provides physical shape and structure to cells, aids in cell growth, and plays a key role in trafficking[ 1 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- Many of the cytoskeletal sub-units have been highly conserved during evolution and are found in most eukaryotic cells, with homologues even present in some prokaryotes[ 3 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- In this work, we discover a system of cell volume regulation controlled by cytoskeletal activation of ion transporters. (bvsalud.org)
- Moreover, cytoskeletal activation of NHE1 during SVI induces nuclear deformation, leading to DNA demethylation and a significant, immediate transcriptomic response in 3T3 cells, a phenomenon that is absent in HT1080 cells. (bvsalud.org)
Detect2
- Detect "corners" (junctions where long straight lines meet) and increase the multiplicity of the knot vector to get a sharper corner. (xanthir.com)
- The cells communicate with each other through gap junctions, and this signalling gives them the ability to detect and respond to mechanical loading. (handwiki.org)
Increases1
- 5) Increases in soluble thrombomodulin and EPCR likely leave less surface bound forms, inhibiting the ability of endothelial cells to activate cytoprotective pathways through PAR-1 and increasing their susceptibility to immune mediated destruction. (cdc.gov)
Polarity1
- In particular, epithelial cell polarity is critical for the development, remodeling, and maintenance of epithelial structure. (rupress.org)
Endothelial cell1
- Porcine aortic endothelial cell, double-labeled for actin (green) and phospho-tyrosine (red). (weizmann.ac.il)
Occur1
- Whilst variation in gap junction channels do occur, their structure remains relatively standard, and this interaction ensures efficient communication without the escape of molecules or ions to the extracellular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
Findings2
- These findings suggest that while complex aneuploid cells are eliminated from the normal epithelium due to p53 activation, simple aneuploid cells can escape this checkpoint and may contribute to niche factor-independent growth of cancer-initiating cells. (bvsalud.org)
- Overall, our findings reveal the central role of Ca 2+ and actomyosin-mediated mechanosensation in the regulation of ion transport, cell volume, DNA methylation, and transcriptomics. (bvsalud.org)
Immune9
- In our current attempts to create a synthetic "immune niche," we employ diverse surface patterning approaches that might mimic "partnering cells", which are regularly located in the immune niches, and replace them in the process of T-cell activation (Figure 1). (weizmann.ac.il)
- b) In a novel approach for construction of a synthetic immune niche, many of the cell-bound and ECM-associated ligands are transferred to a synthetic 2D (left) or 3D scaffold (right), to which T cells can bind. (weizmann.ac.il)
- During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. (hindawi.com)
- Compared to the endothelium, the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of infiltrated or tissue-resident immune cells with parenchymal barriers have not been so extensively studied. (hindawi.com)
- So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
- How do you think immune cells recognize foreign cells? (freezingblue.com)
- Patterned domain formation generated by monocytes is unique among other key immune cells, including macrophages, B cells, T cells, and NK cells. (bvsalud.org)
- Microglia are the main "immune cells" of the brain. (brainfacts.org)
- 1) Immune mediated damage near infected endothelial cells leads to collagen exposure, fibrin deposition, platelet activation, endothelial activation, and release of ultra-high molecular weight vWF from endothelial cells and platelets. (cdc.gov)
Drosophila2
- We found apical accumulation of both Drosophila E-Cadherin (DE-Cad) and the apical cue Bazooka (Baz) as cells first form. (rupress.org)
- and in Drosophila , AJs also assemble through the coalescence of spot junctions into belt junctions ( Tepass and Hartenstein, 1994 ). (rupress.org)
Adjacent cells2
- The propagation of these signals is facilitated by the electrical excitability of the cardiomyocytes (cardiac muscle cells): The increase of the transmembrane potential of a cell beyond threshold triggers an action potential which in turn leads to an increase of the transmembrane potentials of adjacent cells. (ptb.de)
- Gap junctions facilitate ion diffusion in adjacent cells and thus electrical wave propagation. (ptb.de)
Actin7
- Thinking of the bands of actin filaments as being similar to 'drawstrings' allows one to envision how contraction of the bands within a group of cells would distort the sheet into interesting patterns. (wikipedia.org)
- Caco-2 cells labeled for tight junction molecule cingulin (green), actin (red), vinculin (pink) and DNA (blue). (weizmann.ac.il)
- To address this problem, we have developed DRAGoN, a novel image analysis algorithm that can automatically extract the actin network across a range of cell types, providing seventeen different quantitative measures that describe the network at a local level. (biorxiv.org)
- Unlike the globular units of microtubules and actin filaments, intermediate filaments are themselves constructed from filamentous sub-units, and confer strength as well as stress resistance to the cell[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- Actin microfilaments are present as both individual filaments and bundled into thicker filaments, and play a key role in plant cell growth and internal transport[ 14 ]. (biorxiv.org)
- Actin filaments are instrumental in driving processes such as migration, cytokinesis and endocytosis and provide cells with mechanical support. (biologists.com)
- During angiogenesis, actin-rich filopodia protrusions have been proposed to drive endothelial tip cell functions by translating guidance cues into directional migration and mediating new contacts during anastomosis. (biologists.com)
Contractile1
- These cells are also sometimes referred to as lateral hypodermal cells, because they share some functions with the major hypodermis, including secreting cuticle and generating the contractile force during elongation of the embryo. (wormatlas.org)
Walls3
- Do cell walls prevent cells from dying in hypertonic solutions? (freezingblue.com)
- AAAS Fellow Daniel Cosgrove faced a dilemma in 1992 while studying plant cell walls. (aaas.org)
- Historically, many biologists thought that cellulose fibers in the growing walls of plant cells did not come into contact with each other-that essentially, the entire wall was involved in growth mechanics. (aaas.org)
Lesions2
- [ 3 ] Occasionally, however, these lesions may result from an increase in the number of cells, which can range from benign nevi to fatal oral melanoma . (medscape.com)
- Small, pseudocystic, lytic bone lesions known as "flame-shaped lucencies" are found on radiographs of the hands (30%) and feet (17%) of affected people. (medscape.com)
Nuclear1
- however, nuclear accumulations of pSMAD2-C and CLDN3 redistribution were observed with similar time course in ciliated and non-ciliated cells. (springer.com)
Synaptic3
- Traditionally, all models of sound localization have assumed that MSO neurons represent a single population of cells with specialized and homogeneous intrinsic and synaptic properties that enable the detection of synaptic coincidence on a timescale of tens to hundreds of microseconds. (jneurosci.org)
- A paper recently published by eLife on forebrain cortical synaptic plasticity reports that retinoic acid (RA) alters synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells (Lenz et al. (preprints.org)
- Synaptic transmission of impulses from retinal cells follows the optic nerve to the optic chiasma , an x-shaped junction in the brain where half the fibers from each eye cross to the other side of the brain. (jrank.org)
Fibers1
- Autonomic ganglia, which are often irregular in shape, are situated along the course of efferent nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system. (medscape.com)
Root's2
- Sensory ganglia of spinal nerves are fusiform swellings situated on the posterior root of each spinal nerve just proximal to the root's junction with a corresponding anterior root. (medscape.com)
- 31 emphasizes that to be characterized as hypercementosis, the cementum formation should be beyond the limit necessary to perform its normal functions, which results in both the abnormal thickening and root's macroscopic shape alterations. (bvsalud.org)
Depolarization3
- During gastrulation the absence of AJs results in widespread cell dissociation and depolarization. (rupress.org)
- When this happens the cell undergoes a depolarization event that triggers an action potential to propagate along the rest of the cell stimulating, for example, a muscle response. (proteopedia.org)
- Depolarization is followed by the opening of other transmembrane channels that selectively allow the flow of K+ ions into the cell. (cdc.gov)
Keratinocytes1
- Basal cell carcinomas arise from keratinocytes near the basal layer, which are. (msdmanuals.com)
Stimulation2
- In these studies, we tailor extracellular nanopatterns that can provide specific stimulation of cytokines, and reduce the rate of cell death. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Furthermore, we aim at creating conditions that will enable us to develop an effective ex vivo stimulation system, tailored for different subclasses of T cells, including helper CD4 + cells, cytotoxic (CD8 + ) T cells, and T regulatory (T-Reg) cells. (weizmann.ac.il)
Similar3
- Ignoring junctions separating similar (connected) cells, find all runs of valence-2 cell points and turn them into quadratic b-splines, with control points set to the nodes. (xanthir.com)
- Unless equipped and 'protected' with a PCB (protection circuit module) and/or similar device, lithium ion (li-ion) rechargeable battery cells are not recommended by BatteryJunction.com or our parent and associated companies, or the respective manufacturers, as a stand-alone product. (batteryjunction.com)
- How is the cell wall similar between Eu and Prokaryotes? (freezingblue.com)
Proliferation2
- It is believed that TGF-β1 signalling is involved in controlling epithelial cell proliferation, to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and it plays a major role in lung fibrosis and emphysema. (springer.com)
- Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Nerve cells2
- Because T3 is not taken up by nerve cells, excess amounts of this hormone continue to circulate in the bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
- Nerve cells are called neurones. (medscape.com)
Differentiation4
- The adult alae are commonly used as an indicator of hypodermal seam cell terminal differentiation. (wormatlas.org)
- considerable molecular information regarding stem cell differentiation and basic axial patterning, very little is known about how distinct head shapes are produced. (tufts.edu)
- Here, by inducing heterogeneous aneuploidy in non-transformed human colon organoids (colonoids), we investigate how the effects of aneuploidy on cell growth and differentiation may promote malignant transformation. (bvsalud.org)
- Notably, simple aneuploid cells exhibit impaired differentiation when niche factors are withdrawn. (bvsalud.org)
Cellular2
- The regulation of mammalian cell volume is crucial for maintaining key cellular processes. (bvsalud.org)
- A tendon is made of dense regular connective tissue , whose main cellular components are special fibroblasts called tendon cells (tenocytes). (handwiki.org)
Morphology1
- Particular attention has been paid to elucidating how leukocytes can migrate through the stroma, the way these cells remodel their morphology and sense cues that guide them towards dysfunctional tissue areas. (hindawi.com)
Single4
- Histology shows proliferating small nests or single cells of spindle-shaped, atypical melanocytes at the dermal-epidermal junction. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Additionally, the MSO is a system where there is a strong relationship among circuitry, the biophysical properties of single cells, and a neural computation. (jneurosci.org)
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that the gene expression signature across over 100 unique aneuploid karyotypes is enriched with p53 responsive genes. (bvsalud.org)
- By contrast, simple aneuploid cells with 1-3 chromosomes gained or lost continue to proliferate, demonstrated by single cell tracking in colonoids. (bvsalud.org)
Molecules2
- Define RNA metabolism changes in direct context of human neuropathology: Molecules and networks are characterised at region, cell and pseudotemporal resolution. (ed.ac.uk)
- After secretion from the cell, cleaved by procollagen N- and C- proteases , the tropocollagen molecules spontaneously assemble into insoluble fibrils. (handwiki.org)