Cell free reaction. Medical search. Frequent questions

Rapid method for detecting monoclonality in B cell lymphoma in lymph node aspirates using the polymerase chain reaction. (bmj.com)
AIMS: To use the polymerase chain reaction to detect monoclonality at the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene locus in cells derived from lymph node aspirates. (bmj.com)
METHODS: A nested two-stage polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the VDJ region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was used to detect monoclonality. (bmj.com)
This patient also had positive result on polymerase chain reaction assay for herpes simplex virus, which is both sensitive and specific. (medscape.com)
HIV nucleic acid sequences have been detected in urine by polymerase chain reaction (13). (cdc.gov)
Throat and nasal swab specimens were collected from outpatients (with influenza-like illness) and inpatients (with severe acute respiratory illness) and tested for influenza viruses using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)

Most simple redox reactions may be classified as a combination, decomposition, or single displacement reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Cu ions can undergo redox reactions, switching between the +1 and +2 oxidation states. (chalmers.se)

Measured via electron paramagnetic resonance, exposure of cells to SS also produced greater hydroxyl radicals as compared to MS, while both SS and MS generated significant amounts of intracellular ROS. (cdc.gov)
A new additive material comprised of tantalum-titanium oxide nanoparticles can soak up corrosive free radicals in fuel cells. (materialstoday.com)
In the bloodstream it acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from the damaging effects of unstable molecules called free radicals. (medlineplus.gov)
Native honey (1% w/v pH 7.4, 10(6) cells) showed strong quenching activity against lipophilic cumoxyl and cumoperoxyl radicals, with significant suppression/prevention of cell damage, complete inhibition of cell membrane oxidation, of intracellular ROS production and recovery of intracellular GSH. (researchgate.net)
Experiments with endothelial cells fortified with the isolated fraction from native honey enriched in antioxidants, exposed to peroxyl radicals from 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (AAPH, 10 mM) and to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 50-100 microM), indicated that phenolic acids and flavonoids were the main causes of the protective effect. (researchgate.net)
Yousuf Azeemi, S. , Shaukat, S. , Qasim, R. and Khawar, H. (2016) Elimination of Free Radicals and Immunity Enhancement with 644 nm (Red Colour) Radiation: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial. (scirp.org)
Production of the free radicals in the cells is a constant process as a part of normal cellular function. (scirp.org)
Oxygen-free radicals, more usually known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well known for playing a twofold role as both lethal and valuable species. (scirp.org)
According to the Free Radical Theory of ageing (the most widely accepted theory of ageing) proposed by Herman in 1956, age-related impairment is caused by oxygen-derived free radicals through oxidative damage to biomolecules, with mitochondria being the main target of free radical attack. (scirp.org)
Antioxidants prevent free radicals induced tissue damage by preventing the formation of radicals, scavenging them, or by promoting their disintegration. (scirp.org)
Thus, after presenting solid scientific reasoning behind this therapeutic mode of treatment pertaining to the activity of SOD in the presence of 644 nm radiation, a randomised controlled clinical trial has been carried out which builds a unique relationship of 644 nm irradiated SOD with the elimination of free radicals and hence the enhancement of immunity. (scirp.org)

Hydrogen-powered fuel cells are regarded as a clean alternative to conventional combustion engines, as, aside from electric energy, the only substance produced during operation is water. (materialstoday.com)
At present, the implementation of hydrogen fuel cells is being hindered by the high material costs of platinum. (materialstoday.com)
The researchers discovered that the unique manner in which the platinum and nickel atoms arrange themselves on the surfaces of these particles serves to optimally accelerate the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water. (materialstoday.com)
The reaction frees hydrogen ions to make hydrogen gas. (technologyreview.com)
The catalyst, which is easy and cheap to make, could be used to generate vast amounts of hydrogen using sunlight to power the reactions. (technologyreview.com)
The hydrogen can then be burned or run through a fuel cell to generate electricity whenever it's needed, including when the sun isn't shining. (technologyreview.com)
The proposed solution of using sunlight to split water, storing solar energy in the form of hydrogen, hasn't been practical because the reaction required too much energy, and suitable catalysts were too expensive or used extremely rare materials. (technologyreview.com)
The catalyst oxidizes the water to form oxygen gas and free hydrogen ions. (technologyreview.com)
It feels like everything around fuel cells is a distraction that takes resources away from more promising alternatives and gets a bunch of dippy politicians fired up to build a hydrogen economy. (greencarcongress.com)
Using windmill or solar cell electricity to make hydrogen for fuel cells is a waste of about half the energy just to begin with. (greencarcongress.com)
The station is the result of a partnership between the regional government, the EU, Hydrogen Sweden and clean fuel companies, with the aim of testing new fuel cell technologies and promoting the uptake of hydrogen-fueled vehicles. (inhabitat.com)
As many readers are no doubt aware, hydrogen is a fossil-free vehicle fuel whenit is produced from renewable energy sources. (inhabitat.com)
The aim of the project is to invest in a basic infrastructure for hydrogen vehicles that makes it possible to create development in hydrogen vehicles and fuel cell technology in the Västra Götaland region. (inhabitat.com)

A third transient Mg 2+ has also been observed for DNA synthesis, but in that case it coordinates the leaving group instead of the nucleophile as in the case of the RNase H1 hydrolysis reaction. (rcsb.org)

Reaction profiles agree with several experimental observations, offering evidence for the formation of molecular I 2 , interpreting the necessity to increase the temperature to finalize the reaction, and revealing thermodynamic aspects allowing higher yields for alkynes with para-electron-donating groups. (mdpi.com)
Photosynthesis light reaction calvin cycle electron transport 3d animation Are the most beautiful, funny and lovely cartoon images Many young people like and look for cute pictures with many different emotions. (lestwinsonline.com)
This thesis describe the ultrafast photochemistry of several diﬀerent transition metal complexes studied using Time-Resolved Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (TR-WAXS) at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFEL's). (dtu.dk)

For example, we studied a reversible reaction in which the dye molecules attached themselves to micelles and then detached themselves after some time. (azooptics.com)
Cell-free cloning of single circular molecules by using phi29 DNA polymerase was achieved by carrying out the amplification reactions in very small volumes, typically 600 nl. (jcvi.org)
This procedure allows cell-free cloning of individual synthetic DNA molecules that cannot be cloned in Escherichia coli, for example synthetic phage genomes carrying lethal mutations. (jcvi.org)

In biochemistry, a consecutive series of chemical reactions (where the product of one reaction is the reactant of the next reaction) form metabolic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes increase the rates of biochemical reactions, so that metabolic syntheses and decompositions impossible under ordinary conditions can occur at the temperature and concentrations present within a cell. (wikipedia.org)

As a way to demonstrate the utility of cell-free TX-TL, we illustrate the characterization of two genetic networks: an RNA transcriptional cascade and a protein regulated incoherent feed-forward loop. (biorxiv.org)
Following the NEBExpress cell-free protein synthesis reaction, how should I analyze the protein? (neb.com)
In vitro protein synthesis reactions produced by the NEBExpress Cell-free E coli Protein Synthesis System can be directly loaded onto either native or denaturing SDS-PAGE gels without the need for acetone or TCA precipitation. (neb.com)
These reactions are often catalyzed by protein enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
Important biological events associated with plasma membranes, such as signal transduction, cell adhesion, and protein trafficking, are mediated through the membrane microdomains. (mdpi.com)
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions have grown in popularity with particular interest in applications such as gene construct prototyping, biosensor technologies and the production of proteins with novel chemistry. (ncl.ac.uk)
We simultaneously identify factors and factor interactions that impact on protein yield, rate of reaction, lag time and reaction longevity. (ncl.ac.uk)
Protein synthesis using cell-free protein synthesis reagent kit consists of three stages: preparation of transcription template, transcription and translation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In the present study, we evaluated the efficiency of protein translation, focusing on the effect of DNA templates of different lengths on cell-free protein synthesis using a luciferase assay. (nature.com)
A vesicle trafficking protein αSNAP regulates Paneth cell differentiation in vivo. (nih.gov)
The free-energy barrier separating the native and unfolded states of this protein is found to be weak, even at the folding temperature. (lu.se)
10%. In the remaining 10% of children with lecular weight protein found on the surface nephrotic syndrome, it is largely mediated of all nucleated cells which synthesize it. (who.int)

Urate is a byproduct of certain normal biochemical reactions in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Density functional theory calculations elucidated the precise reaction mechanism for the conversion of diphenylacetylenes into benzonitriles involving the cleavage of the triple C≡C bond, with N -iodosuccinimide (NIS) as an oxidant and trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN 3 ) as a nitrogen donor. (mdpi.com)
This Memo1 functionality may serve as a protective mechanism, allowing cancer cells to handle the increased demand of Cu ions in cancer-related processes. (chalmers.se)

A neurologic condition with a hallmark finding of needle-like trilaminar bodies in CNS macrophages, adrenal cells, Schwann cells, testes, and cultured fibroblasts. (studystack.com)
These cells include a subset of helper T lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. (cdc.gov)
In vivo and in organized cells, and proper symmetry are healthy individuals, macrophages can characteristics of higher-quality embryos, which phagocytize DNA that has been passively point to healthy development and higher rates of released into the blood from apoptotic or necrotic implantation. (who.int)

In contrast, my work shows that Memo1 binds the reduced form of Cu and protects against Cu-induced ROS generation in vitro and in breast cancer cells (Paper III and IV). (chalmers.se)

A reaction may be classified as redox in which oxidation and reduction occur or non-redox in which there is no oxidation and reduction occurring. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanistically, Sirt2 suppresses T cell metabolism by targeting key enzymes involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid-cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and glutaminolysis. (bvsalud.org)

The reaction sequence in the Calvin-Benson cycle is from triose phosphates to pentose phosphates, the opposite of the typical direction of the non-oxidative PPP. (mdpi.com)
The photosynthetic direction is favored by replacing the transaldolase step of the normal non-oxidative PPP with a second aldolase reaction plus sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. (mdpi.com)
The aim of this work was to study the protective activity of a honey of multifloral origin, standardized for total antioxidant power and analytically profiled (HPLC-MS) in antioxidants, in a cultured endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) subjected to oxidative stress. (researchgate.net)
Accordingly, Sirt2-deficient murine T cells exhibit increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in enhanced proliferation and effector functions and subsequently exhibiting superior antitumor activity. (bvsalud.org)
While IAEMH is associated with severe anaemia due to intravascular haemolysis caused by red cell invasion, oxidative injury, auto-antibodies, and/or pathogen-haem interaction, IAIMH is associated with haemophagocytic tri-lineage destruction of haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow. (bvsalud.org)

Circulating immune complexes, secondary reactions. (muni.cz)
Because immunosuppressant drugs weaken the immune system, they suppress this reaction. (healthline.com)
As a result, your immune system attacks the organ as it would attack any foreign cell. (healthline.com)
Immunosuppressant drugs weaken your immune system to reduce your body's reaction to the foreign organ. (healthline.com)
Despite that lymphodepleting regimens condition the host for optimal engraftment and expansion of adoptively transferred T cells, lymphodepletion concomitantly promotes immunosuppression during the course of endogenous immune recovery. (bvsalud.org)

Na(+) influx via Orai1 inhibits intracellular ATP-induced mTORC2 signaling to disrupt CD4 T cell gene expression and differentiation. (nih.gov)

Cu ions play a crucial role in supporting cancer by activating Cu-dependent enzymes, which promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. (chalmers.se)

Cell-free gene expression systems have been valuable tools for understanding how transcription/translation can be regulated in living cells. (nature.com)
AFM observation of the DNA conformation indicates that longer DNA takes shrunken conformation with a higher segment density in the reaction mixture for gene expression, in contrast to the stiff conformation of shorter DNA. (nature.com)
Gene expression in living cells is strictly self-regulated to ensure that the correct amounts of proteins are made at the most appropriate timing and location for maintaining cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)

What is your understanding of the light-dependent reaction and light independent reaction? (lestwinsonline.com)

Studies suggest that the underlying cause of the hyperammonemia is the inhibition of N -acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) activity by free propionic acid. (medscape.com)
Positive samples were inoculated in MDCK cells and virus phenotypic susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) was assessed using fluorescent NA inhibition. (who.int)

Detailed and quantitative understanding of how reaction components affect kinetic responses and robustness is imperative for future deployment of cell-free technologies. (ncl.ac.uk)
Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. (who.int)

Cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) systems offer a simple and fast alternative to performing these characterizations in cells. (biorxiv.org)
We implement the controller in an Escherichia coli cell-free transcription-translation system, which allows rapid prototyping and implementation. (nature.com)

Soluble and cell free antigens, immunoglobulin structures. (muni.cz)

The therapeutic properties of honey, once considered a form of folk or preventive medicine, are acquiring importance for the treatment of acute and chronic free radical-mediated diseases (atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer). (researchgate.net)
Chapter 2 describes a cell-free ated with these diseases. (cdc.gov)

Researchers have devised a super-resolution microscopy technique that allowed them to observe chemical reactions taking place on the cellular scale, according to a new study in The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. (azooptics.com)
Notably, scientists have been unable to determine how much of a chemical in a given cellular reaction is in a reacted form and how much is in an unreacted form, a ratio known as the equilibrium constant. (azooptics.com)

While these implementations provided a general framework to robustly regulate in vivo biological processes, an alternative implementation is desirable, in order to improve the robustness of synthetic biological processes and specifically the cell-free reaction platform. (nature.com)
In addition, the cell-free reaction platform makes the design and implementation of such a controller easier compared to in vivo systems. (nature.com)
These results provide unequivocal evidence that, through the synergistic action of its antioxidants, honey by reducing and removing ROS, may lower the risks and effects of acute and chronic free radical induced pathologies in vivo. (researchgate.net)

Other DNA and RNA enzymes that catalyze consecutive cleavage and strand-transfer reactions in a single active site may similarly require cation trafficking coordinated by the substrate. (rcsb.org)

Here we provide an overview of a cell-free TX-TL system that utilizes the native Escherichia coli TX-TL machinery, thereby allowing a large repertoire of parts and networks to be characterized. (biorxiv.org)

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. (wikipedia.org)
Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. (wikipedia.org)
The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical reactions are described with chemical equations, which symbolically present the starting materials, end products, and sometimes intermediate products and reaction conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical reactions happen at a characteristic reaction rate at a given temperature and chemical concentration. (wikipedia.org)
Different chemical reactions are used during chemical synthesis in order to obtain the desired product. (wikipedia.org)
The general concept of a chemical reaction has been extended to reactions between entities smaller than atoms, including nuclear reactions, radioactive decays and reactions between elementary particles, as described by quantum field theory. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical reactions such as combustion in fire, fermentation and the reduction of ores to metals were known since antiquity. (wikipedia.org)
With the development of the lead chamber process in 1746 and the Leblanc process, allowing large-scale production of sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate, respectively, chemical reactions became implemented into the industry. (wikipedia.org)
Only recently, researchers have had the know-how to examine chemical phenomena taking place in living cells directly. (azooptics.com)
Gates can be modularly composed into multi-component systems to approximate the behavior of formal chemical reaction networks (CRN), demonstrating a new use for CRNs as a molecular programming language. (jove.com)
Large quantities of the expensive noble metal are still required for the electrodes in the fuel cells at which the chemical conversion processes take place. (materialstoday.com)
Round or cubic particles, on the other hand, have different atomic arrangements at the surface and are therefore less effective catalysts for the chemical reaction, something which would have to be compensated by using increased amounts of noble metal. (materialstoday.com)
Solid state will always be more efficient than chemical reactions. (greencarcongress.com)
A fuel cell vehicle also only emits water, which is the result of a chemical reaction within the fuel cell. (inhabitat.com)

Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. (who.int)
This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. (who.int)
We conclude that cel -free DNA levels in CM might be associated with delayed embryo cleavage. (who.int)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme present in all oxygen-metabolizing cells. (scirp.org)
This thesis focuses on two Cu-binding proteins, antioxidant 1 Cu chaperone (Atox1) and mediator of cell motility 1 (Memo1). (chalmers.se)

Evaluation of the toxicity of welding fume particles on murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) and human placental (HTR- 8/SVneo) cell lines. (cdc.gov)
In this study, murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) and human placental trophoblast cells from the first trimester (HTR-8/SVneo) were used to better understand the mechanisms of toxicity associated with stainless steel (SS) and mild steel (MS) welding rods. (cdc.gov)
Our data shows that both MS and SS are toxic to murine macrophage and human placental cells, though SS appeared to have more damaging effects. (cdc.gov)

Marine bacteria in the wild organize into lifestyle groups that partition resources rather than competing for them, so that microbes with one lifestyle, such as free-floating cells, flourish in proximity with related microbes that may spend life attached to zooplankton or algae. (sciencedaily.com)
It also allows cell-free cloning of genomic DNA isolated from bacteria. (jcvi.org)
Colon tumors from Apc Min/+ Ffar2 -/- mice had a higher number of bacteria than tumors from Apc Min/+ mice, as well as higher frequencies of CD39 + CD8 + T cells and exhausted or dying T cells. (nih.gov)

It is produced by Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) a variety of cells, including monocytes and accounts for 90% of nephrosis in child- mesangial cells in the kidney [ 9 ]. (who.int)

Free Cu ions can therefore catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may damage biomolecules. (chalmers.se)

Nisshinbo Industries Inc. and the Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a platinum-free, carbon-based catalyst for fuel cells. (greencarcongress.com)
The company hopes to have a practical version of the new catalyst ready in fiscal 2009, and will start by commercializing a product for the electrodes of residential fuel cells. (greencarcongress.com)
Later, it will develop and commercialize a version for automotive fuel cells. (greencarcongress.com)
Fuel cells will have their place, but not as a major player in motive energy. (greencarcongress.com)
The increasing different versions of fuel cells will have a role to play and no doubt displace ice engies very rapidly once the technology comes of age. (greencarcongress.com)
Arnold, If you know of other sources of energy than H2 and other types of fuel cells that the rest of us are missing, how about sharing this knowledge and some links to good sources so we can learn. (greencarcongress.com)

For these short fibers, which can be fully engulfed by lung cells and do not dissolve in airway fluids in less than a few weeks, their clearance will be similar to other mineral and vitreous particles. (cdc.gov)
Remarkably, upregulation of Sirt2 in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) negatively correlates with response to TIL therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. (bvsalud.org)

Cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) was used as free radical promoter. (researchgate.net)

This proved to be false in 1785 by Antoine Lavoisier who found the correct explanation of the combustion as a reaction with oxygen from the air. (wikipedia.org)
The latest experiments from Strasser's research group indicate that substantial increases in efficiency may also be possible for the reaction splitting water to produce oxygen in electrolysers, for which the even more expensive noble metal iridium is used. (materialstoday.com)

We show that a novel reaction buffer outperforms the reference reaction by 400 % and importantly reduces failures in CFPS across batches of cell lysates, strains of E. coli, and in the synthesis of different proteins. (ncl.ac.uk)

Memo1 knockdown and external Cu addition significantly decrease cell viability and increase ROS levels in breast cancer cells. (chalmers.se)
Embryo morphology al ows options, the discovery of cell-free DNA in the evaluation of its growth, viability, and biological fluids has led to major advances in implantation capacity. (who.int)

In this study, we have identified that lymphodepleting chemotherapy initiates the mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells that differentiate to immunosuppressive myeloid cells, leading to a dramatic increase of peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). (bvsalud.org)

Ionic composition of blood plasma, gradients of Na+ and K+ across cell membranes. (muni.cz)

HIV preferentially infects and replicates in cells expressing the CD4 molecule, the ligand for viral attachment and subsequent cell entry (1). (cdc.gov)

What are stem cells? (ipscell.com)

In some cases these complexes can be used in solar cell applications and for photo-catalysis. (dtu.dk)

Here we describe a statistical Design of Experiments analysis of 20 components of a popular CFPS reaction buffer. (ncl.ac.uk)

The reaction mixture is aspirated into the measuring cell where the microparticles are magnetically captured onto the surface of the electrode. (cdc.gov)

Optical microscopy is the ideal way to examine cells as a result of its low invasiveness and the capability to see spatial structures. (azooptics.com)

This systematic experimental approach enables the creation of a statistical model capturing multiple behaviours of CFPS reactions in response to components and their interactions. (ncl.ac.uk)

Reducing the reaction volume while keeping the amount of template fixed increases the template concentration, resulting in a suppression of background synthesis. (jcvi.org)
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with chronic haemolysis, immuno-suppression and suscepti- bility to infections, which may trigger infection-associated haemolysis (IAH). (bvsalud.org)

Typically, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature because there is more thermal energy available to reach the activation energy necessary for breaking bonds between atoms. (wikipedia.org)

We also offer solutions for automation, site-directed mutagenesis, as well as your favorite restriction enzyme, ligase or competent cell products. (neb.com)
Data in Paper I also show close proximity between Atox1 and the Cu-dependent enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) in cells. (chalmers.se)

The relative reaction rates of these simultaneous processes stand between a tenuously balanced state of equilibrium and severe ketoacidosis. (medscape.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs9

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes6

Information Science4

Polymerase chain re6

Redox reactions2

Radicals11

Hydrogen13

Hydrolysis reaction1

Electron3

Molecules3

Metabolic2

Protein12

Biochemical reactions1

Mechanism3

Macrophages3

Vitro1

Oxidation2

Oxidative5

Immune5

Intracellular1

Proliferation1

Gene expression3

Light Dependen1

Inhibition2

Quantitative2

Transcription-translation2

Immunoglobulin1

Diseases2

Cellular2

Vivo3

Enzymes1

Escherichia1

Chemical17

Cleavage3

Antioxidant2

Murine3

Bacteria3

Monocytes1

Biomolecules1

Fuel cells6

Lung2

Radical1

Oxygen2

Coli1

Viability2

Progenitor1

Membranes1

Ligand1

Stem cells1

Solar cell1

Experiments1

Mixture1

Structures1

Experimental1

Suppression2

Typically1

Enzyme2

Processes1