Cell fate stem cell during asymmetric neuroblast division. Medical search. Frequent questions

Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell division: recent advances and implications for stem cell biology. (ca.gov)
The Drosophila CNS midline cells are an excellent system for studying these issues because they consist of a small population of diverse cells with well-defined gene expression profiles. (biologists.com)
The cells that lie along the midline of the Drosophila CNS provide a useful system for the comprehensive study of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. (biologists.com)
In the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) glial cells are known to be generated from glioblasts, which produce exclusively glia or neuroglioblasts that bifurcate to produce both neuronal and glial sublineages. (biologists.com)
Here, we reconstructed Par-dependent polarity using non-polarized Drosophila S2 cells expressing all three components endogenously in the cytoplasm. (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, Par-complex patches resembling Par-islands exist in Drosophila mitotic neuroblasts. (elifesciences.org)
We used Drosophila Schneider cells (S2 cells) of mesodermal origin, as host cells for cell-autonomous reconstruction of cell polarity ( Schneider, 1972 ). (elifesciences.org)
Niche-associated activation of rac promotes the asymmetric division of Drosophila female germline stem cells. (uchicago.edu)
Analysis of cell movements and fate mapping during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (uchicago.edu)
The receptor tyrosine phosphatase Lar regulates adhesion between Drosophila male germline stem cells and the niche. (uchicago.edu)
Drosophila embryonic neuroblasts in culture: autonomous differentiation of specific neurotransmitters. (uchicago.edu)
Cell division cycle of cultured neural precursor cells from Drosophila. (uchicago.edu)
Molecular genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster ovo locus, a gene required for sex determination of germline cells. (uchicago.edu)
During Drosophila sensory bristle development, precursor cells segregate Numb asymmetrically to one of their progeny cells, rendering it unresponsive to reciprocal Notch signaling between the two daughters. (silverchair.com)
The EBF transcription factor Collier directly promotes Drosophila blood cell progenitor maintenance independently of the niche. (sdbonline.org)
In the lymph gland , an hematopoietic organ in Drosophila larva, a group of cells called the Posterior Signaling Centre (PSC), whose specification depends on the EBF transcription factor Collier (Col) and the HOX factor Antennapedia (Antp), has been proposed to form a niche required to maintain the pool of hematopoietic progenitors (prohemocytes). (sdbonline.org)
They also showed that cross-regulation between col and eya in muscle progenitor cells is required for specification of muscle identity, revealing a new parallel between the myogenic regulatory networks operating in Drosophila and vertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
Blood cell production in the Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the lymph gland , is controlled by intrinsic factors and extrinsic signals. (sdbonline.org)

Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms determine distinct daughter cell fates after ACD. (elifesciences.org)
Asymmetric MP daughter cell fates also depend on Notch signaling. (biologists.com)
Spana and Doe, 1996 ) (mediated by Notch and Delta and cell-cell interaction), are involved in the specification of daughter cell fates. (biologists.com)

In mammals, caspases affect various aspects of stem cell lineages. (ucl.ac.uk)
Both of these lineages autonomously bring about two extremes of cell fate: the top micromeres stay inductive CP-724714 small molecule kinase inhibitor and develop the?singular fate of skeletogenic cells for the larval skeleton8, whereas the tiny micromeres bring about the primordial germ cells9,10. (biopaqc.com)
A) Schematic of the Q neuroblast lineages. (elifesciences.org)
Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
The generation of the embryonic CNS is a lineage-based process in which neural progenitors, called neuroblasts (NBs), give rise to largely invariant lineages of neural/glial cells. (biologists.com)
Cell lineage analysis techniques have been used to analyse most of the embryonic NB lineages at the histological level. (biologists.com)
In many cell lineages, the conditional role of Notch signaling is integrated with the autonomous action of the Numb protein, a Notch pathway antagonist. (silverchair.com)
Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which conditional and autonomous modes of fate specification are integrated within cell lineages. (silverchair.com)

Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, the neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSCs). (wikipedia.org)
Once born, neurons do not divide (see mitosis), and many will live the lifespan of the animal, except under extraordinary and usually pathogenic circumstances. (wikipedia.org)
First, this may generate a subclass of neuronal progenitors called intermediate neuronal precursors (INP)s, which will divide one or more times to produce neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, the generation of neurons occurs in a specific tissue compartment or 'neurogenic niche' occupied by their parent stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
embryonic neuroblasts divide to both self-renew Rabbit Polyclonal to ADRB1 also to asymmetrically?generate the neurons from the larval anxious program2. (biopaqc.com)
QL or QR neuroblast each generates three neurons and two apoptotic cells (Q.aa/Q.pp, X). QL produces PQR, PVM, and SDQL. (elifesciences.org)
The study of how transcriptional control and cell signaling influence neurons and glia to acquire their differentiated properties is fundamental to understanding CNS development and function. (biologists.com)
All pyramidal neurons descend from cell divisions of radial glial cells (RGs) in the VZ, typically through various types of basal (or intermediate) progenitors in the SVZ ( Florio and Huttner, 2014 ). (jneurosci.org)
Organotypic slices of ferret neocortex were infected with a GFP-adeno-associated virus that preferentially targets postmitotic cells, thus robustly labeling migrating neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Cell-type identity was assessed after imaging by immunostaining for Satb2, a marker of upper-layer neurons. (jneurosci.org)
It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that CR cells have a major role in the inside-out order of migration, while CR and GABAergic cells sequentially cooperate to prevent invasion of cortical neurons into layer I. Furthermore, GABAergic cell-derived Reelin compensates some features of the reeler phenotype and is needed for the fine tuning of the layer-specific distribution of cortical neurons. (bvsalud.org)
Here we integrate human genetics with transcriptomic data from differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cortical excitatory neurons. (bvsalud.org)

As embryonic development of the mammalian brain unfolds, neural progenitor and stem cells switch from proliferative divisions to differentiative divisions. (wikipedia.org)
Out of all the three cell types, neuroepithelial cells that pass through neurogenic divisions have a much more extended cell cycle than those that go through proliferative divisions, such as the radial glial cells and basal progenitors. (wikipedia.org)
Indeed, launch of ocean urchin AGS in to the ocean superstar embryo induces asymmetric cell divisions, recommending the fact that molecular advancement of AGS proteins is type in the changeover of echinoderms to micromere development and the existing developmental design of ocean urchins not observed in various other echinoderms. (biopaqc.com)
In the chick and mouse, the neuroepithelium proliferates during neurogenesis by symmetric cell divisions, but transitions to asymmetric cell divisions to create self-renewing stem cells and neural precursor cells3,4. (biopaqc.com)
Launch of asymmetric cell divisions in to the developmental plan sometimes appears throughout phylogeny hence, and has important jobs to significantly modification the developmental plan frequently, which general leads to useful and morphological diversification. (biopaqc.com)
It really is unclear, nevertheless, how these asymmetric cell divisions arose in the developmental plan during advancement originally, and added to diversification. (biopaqc.com)
Remarkably, ~80% of these?embryos underwent random asymmetric cell divisions from the 2C16 cell stages. (biopaqc.com)
These results suggest that sea urchin AGS indeed has an ability to induce asymmetric cell divisions and potentially a polarity-inducing activity even in the sea star embryos, a distantly related echinoderm. (biopaqc.com)
Open in a separate windows Fig. 7 Sea urchin AGS induces asymmetric cell divisions during early embryogenesis and extra invaginations after blastulation in sea star embryos. (biopaqc.com)
Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) generate two daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates through epigenetic mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
The stem cell population is maintained by asymmetric divisions in which one daughter cell commits to specific fate and the other maintains parental pluripotency. (nature.com)
We demonstrate that the SPGs share direct sibling relationships with neurones and are the products of asymmetric divisions. (biologists.com)
Neural progenitor divisions are asymmetric. (biologists.com)
At each of several precursor cell divisions in this lineage, the two daughter cells signal to each other via the Notch pathway. (silverchair.com)

Epigenetic modifications play a key role in regulating gene expression in the cellular differentiation of neural stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
The expression patterns suggest that both genes are under the same regulatory control as are the E(spl) bHLH genes and thus, might play a part in Notch mediated cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
Little is known about the early stages that regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural stem cells and their immediate progeny. (biomedcentral.com)
How do signalling dynamics impact cell differentiation? (centuri-livingsystems.org)
In contrast with this model, this study shows that genetic ablation of the PSC does not cause an increase in blood cell differentiation or a loss of blood cell progenitors. (sdbonline.org)
Further, premature blood cell differentiation when PSC specification or signaling was impaired, led to assigning the PSC a role equivalent to the vertebrate hematopoietic niche. (sdbonline.org)
The PSC contributes to lymph gland homeostasis by regulating blood cell differentiation, rather than by maintaining core progenitors. (sdbonline.org)

Here, we report that Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3 caspase regulates asymmetric cell division. (ucl.ac.uk)
Bmp2 signaling regulates the hepatic versus pancreatic fate decision. (ca.gov)
Indian hedgehog regulates intestinal stem cell fate through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development. (ca.gov)
Furthermore, we show that Notch signalling positively regulates glial cells missing ( gcm ) expression in the context of SPG development. (biologists.com)
The extracellular protein Reelin, expressed by Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells at early stages of cortical development and at late stages by GABAergic interneurons, regulates radial migration and the "inside-out" pattern of positioning. (bvsalud.org)

She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)

In the forebrain, ventrally derived oligodendrocyte precursor cells (vOPCs) travel tangentially toward the cortex together with cortical interneurons. (bvsalud.org)
These are the two precursor cells that do not inherit Numb, yet must make Numb to segregate to one daughter during their own division. (silverchair.com)
In this lineage, the fates of two of the precursor cells (pIIa and pIIIb) are specified by Notch signaling ( Fig. 1 , blue arrowheads). (silverchair.com)

In addition, we provide evidence that a pig-1 MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase)-dependent reciprocal gradient of "mitotic potential" is formed in the QL.p neuroblast, and that CED-3 caspase antagonizes this mitotic potential. (ucl.ac.uk)

Many of the 131 cells that are "programmed" to die during C. elegans development are the smaller daughter of a neuroblast that divides asymmetrically by size and fate. (ucl.ac.uk)
We speculate that the new nonapoptotic function of C. elegans CED-3 caspase in asymmetric neuroblast division is relevant to the function(s) of mammalian caspases in stem cells. (ucl.ac.uk)
Here, we demonstrate that the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell rather than the apoptotic one during ACDs in Caenorhabditis elegans . (elifesciences.org)
The authors propose that the asymmetric segregation of the NuRD complex in C. elegans is regulated in a V-ATPase-dependent manner, that this plays a crucial role in determining the differential expression of the apoptosis activator egl-1 and that it is therefore critical for the life/death fate decision in this species. (elifesciences.org)
Caenorhabditis elegans represents a valuable model for investigating ACD, given its invariant cell lineage and conserved mechanisms of ACD. (elifesciences.org)
Asymmetric segregation of NuRD during ACDs of C. elegans Q neuroblast. (elifesciences.org)

According to this model of corticogenesis, a topological map is superimposed onto the germinal zones ( Rakic, 1988 ), such that the birthdate and birthplace of a given neuron largely predict its laminar and areal fate, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
The relationship between neuron birthplace and areal fate, however, appears to be looser. (jneurosci.org)

Types of NSCs include neuroepithelial cells (NECs), radial glial cells (RGCs), basal progenitors (BPs), intermediate neuronal precursors (INPs), subventricular zone astrocytes, and subgranular zone radial astrocytes, among others. (wikipedia.org)
These early stem cells are called neuroepithelial cells (NEC)s, but soon take on a highly elongated radial morphology and are then known as radial glial cells (RGC)s. (wikipedia.org)
We show that the genesis of a subset of glial cells, the subperineurial glia (SPGs), involves a new mechanism and requires Notch. (biologists.com)

Following RGC proliferation, neurogenesis involves a final cell division of the parent RGC, which produces one of two possible outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, adult neurogenesis represents another means, apart from molecular, synaptic, or morphological changes of an individual cell, to alter the functional circuitry depending on the demand. (biomedcentral.com)
How these axons control neurogenesis and early neuronal fate specification is poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Including discussions of the molecular basis of polarization mechanisms, asymmetric division of stem cells during development, the generation of left-right asymmetry of the body axis in mammals, and theoretical approaches to symmetry breaking, the volume is a vital reference for molecular, cell, and developmental biologists, as well as physical scientists interested in how and why symmetry breaking occurs in living systems. (cshlpress.com)
The fly sensory organ lineage thus embodies a universal strategy for generating cell fate asymmetry during development. (silverchair.com)

V-ATPase interacts with NuRD and is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell. (elifesciences.org)
The other daughter inherits the Notch pathway antagonist Numb, asymmetrically segregated from the precursor cell. (silverchair.com)

Cell cycle regulation by MicroRNAs in embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)

It is essential to have sensitive and reproducible methods of either quantifying or isolating these stem cells and progenitors to understand their intrinsic properties and how extrinsic signals regulate their development. (karger.com)
The maintenance of stem or progenitor cell fate relies on intrinsic factors as well as local cues from the cellular microenvironment and systemic signaling. (sdbonline.org)
Together, this study shows that the PSC is dispensable for blood cell progenitor maintenance and reveals the key role of the conserved transcription factor Col as an intrinsic regulator of hematopoietic progenitor fate. (sdbonline.org)

However, the process of partitioning different epigenetic information into daughter cells remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
We suggest that asymmetric segregation of V-ATPase may cause distinct acidification levels in the two daughter cells, enabling asymmetric epigenetic inheritance that specifies their respective life-versus-death fates. (elifesciences.org)
The opposing cell fates of daughter cells, i.e., to live or die, offer a compelling experimental system for investigating how epigenetic inheritance determines life versus death decisions during ACD. (elifesciences.org)

Collier is expressed in a core population of lymph gland progenitors and cell autonomously maintains this population. (sdbonline.org)

Based on these findings, we propose that CED-3 caspase plays a critical role in the asymmetric division by size and fate of neuroblasts, and that this contributes to the reproducibility and robustness with which the smaller daughter cell is produced and adopts the apoptotic fate. (ucl.ac.uk)
The absence of NuRD triggers apoptosis via the EGL-1-CED-9-CED-4-CED-3 pathway, while an ectopic gain of NuRD enables apoptotic daughter cells to survive. (elifesciences.org)
It is noteworthy that 105 of the 131 apoptotic cells (Q.aa and Q.pp), respectively ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
the neuroblast stage has the highest temporal variance within the cell types of the neurogenic cascade, while the apoptotic stage is short. (biomedcentral.com)

Those neural crest cells with a neuronal fate contribute to the trigeminal ganglion ( Jiang et al 2002 ). (clinicalgate.com)

Moreover, in multicellular organisms, symmetry breaking allows the generation of cells with different fates and underpins the complex arrangement of tissues and organs achieved during embryogenesis. (cshlpress.com)
To identify direct Collier (Col) targets in different cell types, ChIP-seq was used to map Col binding sites throughout the genome, at mid-embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)

Notch signaling also promoted midline glial and median neuroblast cell fate. (biologists.com)
This latter result suggests that the median neuroblast resembles brain neuroblasts that require Notch signaling, rather than nerve cord neuroblasts, the formation of which is inhibited by Notch signaling. (biologists.com)
One member of each pair of MP3-6 daughter cells was responsive to Notch signaling. (biologists.com)
By contrast,the other daughter cell asymmetrically acquired Numb, which inhibited Notch signaling, leading to a different fate choice. (biologists.com)
In summary, this paper describes the formation and division of MPs and multiple roles for Notch signaling in midline cell development, providing a foundation for comprehensive molecular analyses. (biologists.com)
Many cell fate decisions in higher animals are based on intercellular communication governed by the Notch signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)
The Notch cell-cell signaling pathway is used extensively in cell fate specification during metazoan development. (silverchair.com)
This ensures that one daughter adopts a Notch-independent, and the other a Notch-dependent, cell fate. (silverchair.com)
We show that this region contains a Notch-responsive cis-regulatory module that directs numb transcription in the pIIa and pIIIb cells of the bristle lineage. (silverchair.com)
This renders the second daughter immune to the reciprocal Notch signal, ensuring that it adopts the alternative, Notch-independent, cell fate. (silverchair.com)

We identify the vacuolar H + -adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) complex as a crucial regulator of NuRD's asymmetric segregation. (elifesciences.org)

Thus, this reconstruction system provides an experimental paradigm to study features of the assembly process and structure of Par-dependent cell-autonomous polarity. (elifesciences.org)
To understand the general and dynamic characteristics of the cell polarization process induced by the Par-complex, we attempted to reconstruct Par-complex-dependent cell polarization system in a cell-autonomous manner using non-polar cells. (elifesciences.org)

Current models of Reelin functions in corticogenesis focus on early CR cell-derived Reelin in layer I. However, developmental disorders linked to Reelin deficits, such as schizophrenia and autism, are related to GABAergic interneuron-derived Reelin, although its role in migration has not been established. (bvsalud.org)

Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence promotes error-prone DNA repair and mutagenesis. (ca.gov)

Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)
Cell polarization involving the Par-complex in situ is linked to various other processes. (elifesciences.org)
Because of such association between Par-dependent polarization and other processes, the Par-complex exhibits different behavioral characteristics in an individual context, making it difficult to determine general features of the dynamic process taking place during cell polarization by the Par-complex. (elifesciences.org)

Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)

We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in maintaining asymmetric cell division and responsible for tumor recurrence. (nature.com)

and symmetric neurogenic division. (wikipedia.org)

During two years as an instructor and head of a research group in Munich, Germany, Dr. Petritsch and her team showed that cell fate determinants use a bimodal mechanism (diffusion and active capturing) for proper intracellular location. (stanford.edu)

These modifications are critical for cell fate determination in the developing and adult mammalian brain. (wikipedia.org)

Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)
This mechanism of specifying glial cell fates within the CNS is novel and provides further insight into regulatory interactions leading to glial cell fate determination. (biologists.com)

How does genetic information impact cell fates? (centuri-livingsystems.org)
Genetic experiments in the mouse and other vertebrates have shown that skeletal patterning of the pharyngeal arch neural crest cells depends on the absence of Hox gene expression in the cells migrating into the first arch, and the expression of Hoxa2 in the second arch crest cells. (clinicalgate.com)

When this connection was made, it launched a whole new field," says Isidore Rigoutsos, Ph.D., professor of pathology, anatomy, and cell biology and director of the Computational Medicine Center at Thomas Jefferson University. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)

It is unclear which transcriptional programs, in which cell-types, are affected in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. (bvsalud.org)

Stem cells rely on extracellular signals produced by the niche, which dictate their ability to self-renew, expand and differentiate. (karger.com)

We therefore work to gain an understanding of how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells, that could be exploited therapeutically. (stanford.edu)
Using BrdU pulse-and-chase experiment to label proliferating cells and their progeny in vivo, we quantified labeled newborn cells and fit the model on the experimental data. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Embryonic stem cell-specific microRNAs regulate the G1-S transition and promote rapid proliferation. (ca.gov)
However, despite a significant functional relevance of this form of whole-cell plasticity, little is known about the processes that regulate it. (biomedcentral.com)
Altogether our FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) analyses reveal that the neonatal subventricular zone is far more heterogeneous than previously suspected and our studies provide new insights into the signals and mechanisms that regulate their self-renewal and proliferation. (karger.com)

Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
Neural crest cells have the potential to form connective and skeletal tissues in the head, and they make major contributions to the skull. (clinicalgate.com)

Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. (ca.gov)

Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors. (ca.gov)
here, we use a combination of single-cell gene expression mapping and time-lapse imaging to identify individual MPs, their locations, movements and stereotyped patterns of division. (biologists.com)

They are required for cell division, development, and movement in all organisms from single-celled species to human beings. (cshlpress.com)
Its asymmetric distribution goes through three steps: emergence of cortical dots, development of island-like structures with dynamic amorphous shapes, repeating fusion and fission, and polarized clustering of the islands. (elifesciences.org)

NBs divide in an asymmetric manner to bud off a set of ganglion mother cells (GMC), which in turn divide once to produce two postmitotic daughters. (biologists.com)

Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)

Here we selectively inactivated the Reln gene in CR cells or GABAergic interneurons. (bvsalud.org)

In mammalian embryos, cranial neural crest cells emigrate from the edges of the still unfused cranial neural folds, unlike trunk neural crest cells and the cranial crest of other vertebrates, which begin migration only after neural tube closure. (clinicalgate.com)
Figure 35.1 shows stylized views of human embryos at an early stage of neural crest migration (A) and at the end of the crest migration (B). N.B. These views do not show the neural crest cells themselves and not by a specific staining procedure. (clinicalgate.com)
In human embryos, histological methods have revealed equivalent cranial neural crest cell origins and migration routes to those of the mouse, except that no emigration from the diencephalon has been detected ( O'Rahilly & Müller 2007 ). (clinicalgate.com)

These findings lead to a model in which both CR and GABAergic cell-derived Reelin cooperate to build the inside-out order of corticogenesis, which might provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders linked to abnormal migration and Reelin deficits. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy68

Organisms19

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Drosophila18

Daughter cell fates3

Lineages11

Neurons13

Divisions14

Differentiation7

Regulates5

Progenitor cells3

Precursor cells3

Mitotic1

Elegans6

Neuron2

Glial cells3

Neurogenesis3

Asymmetry2

Asymmetrically segregated2

Embryonic stem1

Intrinsic3

Epigenetic3

Autonomously1

Apoptotic4

Neuronal fate1

Embryogenesis2

Notch10

Segregation1

Autonomous2

Developmental1

Promotes1

Polarization3

Numb1

Defective2

Symmetric1

Determinants1

Mammalian brain1

Determination2

Genetic2

Biology1

Mechanisms for cell fate1

Unclear1

Self-renew1

Progeny2

Enhances1

Regulate3

Tissues3

Mesenchymal1

Gene expression2

Development2

Postmitotic1

Poorly understood1

Interneurons1

Embryos3

GABAergic1