• A variety of extrinsic cues converge on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. (nature.com)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 cip1/waf1 (p21), maintains hematopoietic stem cell quiescence, and we evaluated its role in the regenerative response of neural tissue after ischemic injury using the mice deficient in p21. (rupress.org)
  • The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. (affbiotech.cn)
  • They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We further demonstrated that in vitro administration of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly upregulated expression levels of CCL2 and CXCL1 as well as phosphorylation (activation) of the stress-associated transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 in cultured astrocytes prepared from cerebral cortices of neonatal rats. (researchsquare.com)
  • The Hippo kinase cascade functions as a central hub that relays input from the "outside world" of the cell and translates it into specific cellular responses by regulating the activity of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). (bvsalud.org)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Glutamate excitation induced a rapid alteration in the AMP:ATP ratio that was associated with the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (jneurosci.org)
  • Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
  • An choice activator of MEK 1/2 sig naling is protein kinase Ca. To examine RAF265 927880-90-8 the role of PKCa on NO activation of MEK/ERK/Ets one signaling, cells were treated with EGF or 0. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • Akt (PKB) is a serine threonine protein kinase downstream of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein kinase Akt also known as PKB, regulates multiple cellular functions including proliferation, survival, and growth during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
  • Although steady-state conditions revealed no increase in primitive cell proliferation in p21-null mice, a significantly larger fraction of quiescent neural precursors was activated in the hippocampus and subventricular zone after brain ischemia. (rupress.org)
  • Therefore, p21 is an intrinsic suppressor to neural regeneration after brain injury and may serve as a common molecular regulator restricting proliferation among stem cell pools from distinct tissue types. (rupress.org)
  • Here, we investigated the effect of arecoline on the proliferation and migration of human HepG2 hepatoma cells and its potential oncogenic mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared with control group, 2.5 µM arecoline treatment increased the proliferation and migration ability of the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A low concentration arecoline can induce the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, with the potential mechanism of action linked to high levels of exosomal miR-21 and miR-1267, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, upregulation of CDK1 and CCND1, and downregulation of RAF1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, recently Houghton et al ( 7 ) showed increased cell proliferation after silencing of IRS1 gene expression in A549 cells suggesting tumor suppression potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Proteomic-based GO analysis demonstrated that biological processes such as cell deformation, proliferation, migration and wound healing occurred in the liver during the early infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, the TNFRSF13B was knocked down in 22Rv1 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines via transfecting short hairpin RNAs and cell proliferation and colony formation assays were performed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversely, disrupting the interactions of the complex decreases cell proliferation. (omicsdi.org)
  • We have also demonstrated that Celastrol can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, transformation, and cell migration. (omicsdi.org)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Activation of the tumor suppressor genes RASSF1A and P16 inhibited cell proliferation by inhibiting accumulation of cyclin D, which arrests cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase transition [35]. (pdgf-receptor.com)
  • Transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed c-Myc as a new and direct downstream target of XBP1 for regulation of NK cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from the over-proliferation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow. (ghrnet.org)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is an adaptor protein that integrates multiple transmembrane signals from growth factors and hormones, to regulate cell growth, survival, differentiation and metabolism ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Protein-Protein Interaction Disruptors of the YAP/TAZ-TEAD Transcriptional Complex. (omicsdi.org)
  • The transcriptional co-regulator YAP (its homolog TAZ) interact with the surface pockets of TEADs. (omicsdi.org)
  • To examine the role of Ras and PKCa on NO mediated Ets 1 transcriptional exercise, MDA MB 468 cells had been transfected with an Ets luciferase reporter plasmid and treated with 0. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Among the identified transcriptional regulators inactivated in lung adenocarcinoma vs . normal lung, NKX2-1 was linked to a large number of silenced enhancers. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Among the activated transcriptional regulators identified, CENPA, FOXM1, and MYBL2 were linked to numerous cancer-specific enhancers. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Identification and characterization of key transcriptional regulators and associated enhancers in lung adenocarcinoma provides important insights into the deregulation of lung adenocarcinoma epigenomes, highlighting novel potential targets for clinical intervention. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Proteomic data showed that apoptosis and junction-related pathways were enriched within 3 days of infection, indicating the occurrence of liver injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in cortical neurones included alterations in insulin and other signalling pathways, cell cycle, cellular senescence, inflammatory mediators, and components of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Furthermore, silencing TNFRSF13B expression resulted in decreased colony formation of 22Rv1 and PC-3 cells through modulating the cell cycle and p53 signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GSE-related anti-cancer activity mostly relies on the induced increase in reactive oxygen species, followed by the orchestrated down- and up-regulation of several key-molecular pathways, including MAPK kinases, PI3K/Akt, NF-kB, cytoskeleton proteins and metalloproteinases. (oatext.com)
  • Research has been selected to illustrate the probability that highly conserved elements of this protein have been central to the evolution of converged pathways and cellular systems in humans. (codondex.com)
  • Histopathological analysis revealed that liver injury, characterized by collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration, occurred as early as 24 h of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cortical levels of these cytokines rise abruptly following injury, with CCL2 demonstrating higher peak levels compared to many other inflammatory mediators [7,8]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The changes in levels of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and chemokines) and immune cell populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF), lungs, and serum were examined. (bvsalud.org)
  • LDRT-induced early TGF-ß production was shown to be a key regulator involved in broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory activity in virus-infected lungs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The expression and cellular localisation of proteins encoded by selected candidate genes were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular senescence, which is morphologically characterized by an enlarged and flattened cell shape, was first described by Hayflick [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
  • Grape-related anti-tumoral activity encompasses a wide array of biological mechanisms and cellular targets, eventually leading to inhibition of cell growth and to enhanced apoptosis in several cancer cell lines, including lung, colon, breast, bladder, leukemia and prostate tumors. (oatext.com)
  • NAR can be encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles-TPP conjugates, thereby improving NAR cellular absorption and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. (scientificarchives.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • FTS blocks Ras association with the cellular membrane and renders Ras protein susceptible to proteasomal degradation. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • Rejuvenation therapies aim to reverse or repair age-related cellular changes such as molecular waste, calcification , tissue stiffening , loss of stem cell function , genetic alterations, and impaired energy production . (fightaging.org)
  • A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. (lookformedical.com)
  • Neural precursor cells from adults have exceptional proliferative and differentiative capability in vitro yet respond minimally to in vivo brain injury due to constraining mechanisms that are poorly defined. (rupress.org)
  • However, MSCs need to be expanded in vitro in order to obtain sufficient cells for clinical trials since they are extremely rare in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (MSCs) have a limited lifespan and stop proliferating during in vitro culture due to replicative senescence [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • To facilitate screens for small molecule compounds that disrupt the YAP-TEAD interaction, we have developed the first ultra-bright NanoLuc biosensor to quantify YAP/TAZ-TEAD protein-protein interaction (PPI) both in living cells and also in vitro using biosensor fusion proteins purified from bacteria. (omicsdi.org)
  • Endocrinology, by definition, focuses on homeostatic, and cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, identifying the crucial proteins and clarifying mechanisms that contribute to metastasis will be significant to provide biomarkers for prognosis and targets for treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
  • As a result, the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of DNA hypomethylation on tumors could be related to reactivating tumor suppressor genes and negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (pdgf-receptor.com)
  • 125I irradiation-induced apoptosis and DNA hypomethylation are two key mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of low-energy 125I seed implantation. (pdgf-receptor.com)
  • However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • So far, there is a lack in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and involved cell types. (mdpi.com)
  • Knockdown experiments of FOXM1 and MYBL2 suggest that these factors regulate genes involved in controlling cell cycle progression and cell division. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We revealed that radon exposure significantly improves clinical disease progression and significantly increases B cell numbers and IL-5 levels, while no alterations in the antioxidative system were found in K/BxN serum-induced arthritic mice. (mdpi.com)
  • Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (lookformedical.com)
  • Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
  • During mitosis, cells undergo symmetrical cell division, while oocyte meiotic maturation undergoes two consecutive, asymmetric divisions that generate a totipotent haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies not involved in DNA replication. (bioone.org)
  • They do this by allowing the proteins to undergo conformational changes, to reach specific subcellular localizations, or to form multimeric complexes [7]. (scientificarchives.com)
  • G1 includes a restriction point beyond which the cell is committed to undergo division independent of growth regulatory signals. (pdgf-receptor.com)
  • These readily undergo iron-catalyzed secondary free radical reactions leading to truncated products which retain the signature PE headgroup and which can readily react with nucleophilic moieties in proteins via their truncated electrophilic acyl chains. (cdc.gov)
  • In cells stimulated to undergo ferroptosis we identified PE-truncated species with sn-2 truncations ranging from 5 to 9 carbons. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These DE-miRNAs, hub genes and pathway were proved in arecoline-treated HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Correspondingly, transcriptomic results showed significant enrichment of cell cycle pathway on day 3 and 7. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Impaired insulin signalling was shared by neurovascular unit cells with, additionally, apoptotic pathway changes in astrocytes and dysregulation of advanced glycation end-product signalling in endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, results from luciferase assays, using YAP/TAZ transfected or knockdown cells, give support to the non-redundancy of YAP/TAZ co-activators in regulating gene expression in the Hippo pathway. (omicsdi.org)
  • both Rap1 and Rac1 positively influence spreading of v Abl 3T3 wtCbl cells, it was appropriate to ascertain whether or not Rap1 functions upstream of Rac1 in the pathway that links c Cbl to cell spreading in our program. (survivinpathway.com)
  • This finding is consistent with the idea that Rac1 is situated downstream of Rap1 in the signaling pathway that induces scattering of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • IRE1α-XBP1 were essential for expansion of activated mouse and human NK cells and are situated downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • To examine the purpose of Ras in mediating the NO activa tion of your MEK/ERK/Ets one signaling pathway, MDA MB 468 cells have been handled with EGF or 0. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • apoptosis inhibitor 5 [Source:HGNC Symb. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Neurone, astrocyte, and endothelial cell-enriched mRNA, obtained by immuno-laser capture microdissection of temporal cortex (Brodmann area 21/22) from 6 cases with self-reported T2D in the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study neuropathology cohort, and an equal number of age and sex-matched controls, was assessed by microarray analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 promotes mRNA degradation by recognizing m 6 A and recruiting the mRNA decay machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 modulates neural development by promoting m 6 A-dependent degradation of neural development-related mRNA targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The m 6 A reader proteins Ythdf1-3 share a set of common mRNA targets and spatiotemporal interplay with each other cooperatively control translation and decay of these common targets in the cytosol [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
  • The isoform encoded by the unspliced mRNA, XBP1(U), is constitutively expressed, and thought to function as a negative feedback regulator of XBP1(S), which shuts off transcription of target genes during the recovery phase of ER stress. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCAR1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The coiled-coil domain is a structural motif found in proteins that are involved in a diverse array of biological functions such as the regulation of gene expression, cell division, membrane fusion and drug extrusion and delivery. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Integrated analysis of differential gene expression, previously reported quantitative trait loci, and genome-wide association studies indicated that TRIB3 , SAA ( SAA1 , SAA3 , and M-SAA3.2 ), VEGFA, PTHLH , and RPL23A were the most promising candidate genes affecting milk protein and fat percentage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • We argue the case that wide-ranging effects of the TP53 gene can be attributed to immunity, reproduction and cell death. (codondex.com)
  • It was shown that the gene, BsCD94-1, is differentially regulated during allorecognition and that a subpopulation of blood cells carries the corresponding receptor on its cell surface. (codondex.com)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • We also present a thorough analysis of the role of succinate in the initiation of metabolic and epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of cancer, as well as its effects on angiogenesis, cell invasion, and migration. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)
  • IRS-1 has been identified as both a positive and negative regulator of metastasis in breast cancer ( 8 - 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In humans, functional SNPs have been identified in both p53 and its negative regulator, Mdm2, which can alter the levels or function of p53. (codondex.com)
  • Animals and plants have biological clocks that help to regulate circadian cycles, seasonal rhythms, growth, development and sexual maturity. (karger.com)
  • Hsp90 family chaperones are molecular machines that regulate the degradation of proteins after aggregation, unfolding, or misfolding. (scientificarchives.com)
  • 1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
  • Immunodeficiencies are genetic diseases known to predispose an individual to cancer owing to defective immunity towards malignant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The IRE1 endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor activates natural killer cell immunity in part by regulating c-Myc. (cancerindex.org)
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are critical mediators of host immunity to pathogens. (cancerindex.org)
  • NK cell lineage has been traced through the CD94 family of receptors to Urochordates (like the Sea Squirt) where transplant immunity was described after tests conducted for immune resistance between colonies. (codondex.com)
  • Significant molecular functions were protein binding, calcium ion binding, and enrichment in the nucleus and cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • To address this knowledge gap, we developed an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based large-scale CRISPR knockout screening platform to enable the genetic interrogation of hematopoiesis and broad aspects of immune cell function in vivo. (biorxiv.org)
  • Aberrant expression of a third marker such as Thy-1/CD90 negativity, expression of CLL-1 and IL-3R (CD123), intermediate levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase and co-expression of common chromosomal translocation may be used to distinguish from normal hematopoietic stem cells. (ghrnet.org)
  • Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
  • The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
  • A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)
  • The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cells undergoing EMT lose their epithelial characteristics and phenotype, acquire mesenchymal properties, and thus gain enhanced motility ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The corneal epithelium is composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells on the outer surface of the eye, which acts as a protective barrier and is critical for clear and stable vision. (wjgnet.com)
  • Other reports also show that DN is highly associated with accelerated aging in various types of cells such as tubular cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic changes in cortical neurones, and associated astrocytes and endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit, in the ageing brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 912, 2202, and 1227 genes were significantly differentially expressed between cases with self-reported T2D and controls in neurones, astrocytes, and endothelial cells respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, di-GA inhibited the generation of lymphendothelial gaps by cancer cell spheroid-secreted lipoxygenase metabolites. (nature.com)
  • These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
  • Deregulation of cell signaling in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Cell signaling and cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The immune system plays a key role in surveillance against cancer, but some tumour cells evolve to escape immune elimination [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The TGFß-stimulated spatiotemporal dynamics of YAP1 are abrogated in many cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Papillary thyroid cancer This could sometimes bring about cell death or contribute actively to, or even travel, cyst devel-opment. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Human cancer cells are usually seen as a changes in the amount or organization of DNA because of mistakes in mitosis, causing chromosome instability and aneuploidy. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Additionally, a viable therapeutic strategy may involve triggering the cell death mechanism in cancer cells by blocking mitochondrial metabolism with a natural substance. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Consequently, we proposed naringenin nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic target for SDH regulators in cancer. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Evidence indicating that OXPHOS plays a substantial role in the development of many cancer cells has led to the growing recognition of cancer as a metabolic disease. (scientificarchives.com)
  • F, Novello S, Taieb J, Pautier P, Lhommé C, Ruffié P, Kayitalire L, Armand JP, Raymond E: Phase I-II and pharmacokinetic study of gemcitabine combined with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and ovarian carcinoma. (pdgf-receptor.com)
  • NO and Ets 1 contribute to an aggressive basal like phenotype NOS2 expression is linked using a basal like pheno kind in ER breast tumors and NO signaling success in enhanced expression of basal like signature genes in ER human breast cancer cell lines. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • This is a rare but aggressive form of cancer of NK cells. (codondex.com)
  • 3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • Notably, CENPA, FOXM1, and MYBL2 are also key regulators of cancer-specific enhancers in breast adenocarcinoma of the basal subtype, but they are associated with distinct sets of activated enhancers. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer: Current treatment and future advances. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • These pro- has been implicated as contributing apoptosis, inflammation, and several liferating cel s replace dead cel s to the cancer phenotype, through pleiotropic responses. (who.int)
  • They are derived by a targeted mechanism from the cell endocytic compartment and are formed and stored within the intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • I-t involves the synthesis of a microtubule and the full intracellular reorganization based device, which segregates the 2 identical copies of the chromosomes between daughter cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • We transfected cells with Rap1 targeting or scrambled siRNA and then done protein Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection transfection of the GST fused constitutively active type of Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
  • We show that the conditional depletion of the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 in mice causes lethality at late embryonic developmental stages, with embryos characterized by compromised neural development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We are investigating how Pbx and Meis proteins contribute to the specificity of Hox function in development and how disruption of their activities leads to neoplasia. (stanford.edu)
  • Knockdown by AAV9-TRAF6-RNAi improved spatial learning and memory, decreased TUNEL-positive cell number in injured cortex, and downregulated expression levels of p-NF-κB, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38, CCL2, CCR2, CXCL1, and CXCR2 post-TBI. (researchsquare.com)
  • During Central Nervous System ontogenesis, myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs) arise from highly ramified and proliferative precursors called oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). (nature.com)
  • Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lymph node metastasis is responsible for the high morbidity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. (cdc.gov)
  • Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The profound roles of exosomes in homeostasis, stress and several pathological conditions, in conjunction with their selective and cell‑specific composition/function, allude to their use as promising circulating clinical biomarkers of systemic stress and specific pathologic states, and as biocompatible vehicles of therapeutic cargo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thus, the secretion of gall wasps stimulates plant cell growth and overrules homeostasis of the affected leaf area - this is similar to tumour outgrowth. (nature.com)
  • SDH is a mitochondrial enzyme (complex II) that participates in both the TCA cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (scientificarchives.com)
  • TRAP1, a crucial member of the mitochondrial heat shock protein 90 family, is active in a variety of biological functions in various tumor types. (scientificarchives.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This organism is well known for its stem cell-based regenerative capability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes. (lookformedical.com)
  • In turn, the plant produces GA, which seems to combat the improper growth signals and re-establishes cell-cycle control. (nature.com)
  • Our preliminary study found that CCL2 was mainly co-localized with the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), while the CCL2 receptor chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 (CCR2) was mainly co-localized with the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN in TBI model rats, suggesting that CCL2‒CCR2 signaling is a major driver of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and concomitant motor and cognitive dysfunction following TBI [9]. (researchsquare.com)
  • These results are consistent with a model whereby IL-12 triggers the maturation of myeloid-derived cells into competent antigen cross-presenting cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Functional studies showed that sequence conservation was reflected in biochemical activity and the ability of lamprey-Mdm2 protein to function as a very effective E3 ubiquitin ligase ( that degrades p53 ) in mouse cells. (codondex.com)
  • Downregulation of Smed-Akt function also resulted in an increase of cell death throughout the animal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myeloid-derived cells comprising the tumor stroma represent a heterogeneous population of cells critical to the structure, function and growth of established cancers. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Surprisingly, IL-12-dependent enhancement of CD8+ T-cell anti-tumor function did not occur through direct ligation of receptors on lymphocytes or NK cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK and its regulation of cell surface GLUT3 expression is critical in mediating neuronal tolerance to excitotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)
  • Targeting ∼7000 genes with this methodology, we discovered SAGA complex members Tada2b and Taf5l as key regulators of HSC lineage commitment. (biorxiv.org)
  • The relationship between p53 protein in a Natural Killer (NK) and its potentially diseased target arise from an elaborate, ancient, self preservation mechanism that can trace common lineage to replication in the earliest species of jawless invertebrate colonies. (codondex.com)
  • Intensive study has demonstrated interactions with host-cell signal transduction and possibly eukaryotic transcription. (cdc.gov)
  • Targeting YAP/TAZ-TEAD protein-protein interactions using fragment-based and computational modeling approaches. (omicsdi.org)
  • To help elucidate the interactions between Rap1 and Rac1 in the signaling that leads to spreading of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells, we evaluated the effect of Rap1 depletion on cell spreading caused by activated Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Direct presentation of antigen by tumor was not necessary, but MHC class I expression on endogenous cells was essential for IL-12 mediated anti-tumor enhancements. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • We assessed whether cell cycle inhibitors that restrict stem cell populations in other tissues may participate in limiting neural stem cell reactivity in vivo. (rupress.org)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • Take-n together, these results suggest that the effect of Rap1 depends o-n Rac1, while the effect of Rac1 is in-dependent of Rap1, hence arguing that Rac1 is located downstream of Rap1 in the spreading inducing signaling in v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • We found that LDRT-induced TGF-ß reduced the levels of cytokines and polarized M2 cells and blocked immune cell infiltration, including neutrophils, in BALF. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the the periodontal ligament of human jaws, between tooth and the jaw-bone Gingival fibroblasts co-mingle with cells of the immune system including innate NK cells. (codondex.com)
  • In experiments it was discovered these immune system cells are sustained for extended periods especially in the presence of Gingival Fibroblasts (GF's). (codondex.com)
  • In this study, we found a negative correlation of IRS-1 expression with tumor metastasis both in human tissue samples and in cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14 C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. (nature.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
  • To examine the role of Ets one in mediating the expression of basal like markers induced by NO signaling, MDA MB 468 cells have been trans fected with either control or Ets one unique siRNA and exposed to DETANO. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • Western blotting showed that Ets one siRNA resulted in suppression of Ets one protein expression. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • DETANO treatment resulted in elevated expression on the basal like markers P cad herin, S100A8 and ab crystallin when compared to con trol siRNA handled cells. (checkpointinhibitor.com)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)