Cell death signaling. Medical search. Frequent questions

We found that 125 I seeds radiation activated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and could trigger paraptosis-like cell death. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, inhibitor of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway could inhibit paraptosis-like cell death induced by 125 I seeds radiation. (hindawi.com)
Our data suggest that 125 I seeds radiation can induce paraptosis-like cell death via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
We found that PI3K/AKT signaling pathway involved the modulation of 125 I seeds radiation-induced paraptosis. (hindawi.com)
The role of the mTOR pathway in estrogen response was evaluated in aromatase-expressing MCF7/Aro breast cancer cells by immunoblotting. (aacrjournals.org)
Treatment of MCF7/Aro cells with estradiol or androstenedione caused modulation of the mTOR pathway, a phenomenon reversed by letrozole or RAD001. (aacrjournals.org)
In mutant HD-model mice, the ER enlarges, and the cell body forms an asymmetrical balloon shape until, finally, it ruptures.Pharmacological and genetic analyses revealed that this subtype of necrotic cell death is distinct from the RIP1/3 pathway-dependent necroptosis, as it is mediated by a functional deficiency of TEAD/YAP-dependent transcription. (tmd.ac.jp)
Collectively, we suggest that targeting the signaling pathway of TRIAD (TEAD/YAP-transcription-dependent necrosis) could lead to a therapeutic development to fight HD. (tmd.ac.jp)
Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
To analyze this effect anatomically, we manipulated G q -protein-dependent signaling selectively in neurons belonging to the direct or indirect striatal pathway. (jneurosci.org)
The expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and the p38 MAPK/C‑C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) pathway were detected using western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
Additional studies used a well-characterised Ca 2+ transport pathway to generate cellular Ca 2+ signals, and examined their ability to trigger autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
The JNK signaling pathway is activated in response to many cytokines and growth factors and when cells are exposed to physical/chemical stress. (umassmed.edu)
Concomitant with the reduction of HH pathway activity, Tctn2 mutants exhibited increased cell death in the neurectoderm and facial ectoderm, culminating in a collapse of the facial midline. (elifesciences.org)
Enhancing HH signaling by decreasing the gene dosage of a negative regulator of the pathway, Ptch1 , decreased cell death and rescued the midface defect in both Tctn2 and Cc2d2a mutants. (elifesciences.org)
Primary cilia function as specialized cellular signaling organelles that coordinate multiple signaling pathways, including the Hedgehog (HH) pathway ( Zaghloul and Brugmann, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)
Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
1999 ) provided evidence that p75 NTR can regulate axon extension by signaling through the RhoA pathway, such that the unbound state of p75 NTR activates RhoA, whereas neurotrophin binding to p75 NTR terminates this mode of RhoA activation. (jneurosci.org)
PDCD4 inhibited the migration and invasion of endometrial cells by NF-κB/MMP2/MMP9 signal pathway. (endonews.com)
The results from transwell migration and invasion assay showed that PDCD4 could repress migration and invasion of endometrial cells and imply that the inhibitory effect of PDCD4 on the migration and invasion may be mediated by NF-κB/MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathway in endometrial cells. (endonews.com)
In order to elucidate the mechanism by which PDCD4 inhibited the migration and invasion of endometrial cells, NF-κB/MMP2/MMP9 signal pathway which plays important roles in cell migration and invasion was analyzed. (endonews.com)
The level of P65, p-P65, MMP2, and MMP9 significantly regulated by PDCD4 and this implies that the inhibitory effect of PDCD4 on the migration and invasion may be mediated by NF-κB/MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathway in endometrial cells. (endonews.com)
In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
Our results suggest that pathway specific targeting and sorting mechanism are required to significantly narrow down the receptor/raft ratio and to enable the formation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence signaling. (frontiersin.org)
For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
My results show that treatment of colon cancer cells with Foxy-5, a WNT5A mimicking peptide, leads to up-regulation of 15-PGDH through JNK/AP-1 pathway. (lu.se)

Many studies on the cancer-killing activity of 125 I seeds radiation mainly focused on its ability to trigger apoptosis, which is the most well-known and dominant type of cell death induced by radiation. (hindawi.com)
However our results showed some unique morphological features such as cell swelling, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and plasma membrane integrity, which is obviously different to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
We found besides apoptosis that 125 I seed radiation killed colorectal cancer cell via inducing paraptosis. (hindawi.com)
This form of cell death is fundamentally different from apoptosis and lacks some distinct characteristics of apoptosis such as DNA fragmentation, pyknosis, or caspase activation and cleavage [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
These proteases are responsible for the dismantling of cells during apoptosis. (nature.com)
To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
Hepatocyte cell death can occur via either apoptosis or necrosis (or intermediate forms). (rug.nl)
Effects of RAD001 and letrozole (alone and in combination) on the proliferation and survival of MCF7/Aro and T47D/Aro cells were evaluated using proliferation assays, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and apoptosis analyses. (aacrjournals.org)
The typical cell deaths are apoptosis, necrosis and autophagic cell death. (tmd.ac.jp)
In addition, we found that a cell cycle regulator, Plk1, switches the balance between TEAD/YAP-dependent necrosis and p73/YAP-dependent apoptosis by shifting the interaction partner of YAP from TEAD to p73 through YAP phosphorylation at Thr77. (tmd.ac.jp)
Ceramide mediates many cell-stress responses, including the regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) and cell aging (senescence). (wikipedia.org)
Ceramide was also shown to activate PKCζ, implicating it to the inhibition of AKT, regulation of the voltage difference between the interior and exterior of the cell (membrane potential) and signaling functions that favor apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The same results were found for certain inducers of apoptosis particularly stimulators of receptors in a class of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) called B-cells. (wikipedia.org)
Towards this goal, we identified a series of mitotically acting piperazine-based compounds that sensitized colon cancer cells to TNF-dependent apoptosis. (uconn.edu)
Further study of the activity of AK301 showed that p53-normal colon cancer cells efficiently underwent apoptosis in the absence of death ligands following release from their mitotic arrest. (uconn.edu)
Study of this effect indicated that AK301-treated cells showed high levels of ATM signaling during mitotic arrest and exit from mitosis, following compound withdrawal, resulted in a p53-dependent apoptosis. (uconn.edu)
Understanding the mechanisms cancer cells use to suppress apoptosis may ultimately facilitate in the development of novel approaches to colon cancer treatment and prevention. (uconn.edu)
Induction of keratinocyte apoptosis by wild-type GAS was accompanied by cell detachment and loss of epithelial integrity, a phenomenon not observed with GAS deficient in capsule or SLO. (lu.se)
We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)
Cells in apoptosis and later stage necrosis were monitored using the TUNEL assay. (johnshopkins.edu)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
Using a TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) assay, we found that IDV D/OK and D/600 infections induced apoptosis in epithelial cells lining alveoli and bronchioles, as well as nonepithelial cells in lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
Sesquiterpene lactones containing a 3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (or α-methylene-γ-lactone) moiety, for example damsin (1), are Michael acceptors that affect biological processes such as cell proliferation, death/apoptosis, and cell migration, by interfering with cell signalling pathways. (lu.se)

Signal transduction pathways in hepatocyte cell death. (rug.nl)
This thesis describes that hepatocyte death and survival are regulated at the cross-roads of intracellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), membrane-bound receptors (such as GPCRs and EGFR) and cell survival signaling pathways (such as ERK, PI3K and PKC). (rug.nl)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Redox mechanisms play an important role in the control of various signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
Role of oxidative stress-mediated cell death and signaling pathways in experimental fluorosis. (fluoridealert.org)
The signaling pathways activated by neurotrophins can regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, which in turn determine growth cone behaviors (Gallo and Letourneau, 1998 , 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
However, the signaling pathways downstream of p75 NTR that control growth cone functions, such as filopodial behavior, remain undefined. (jneurosci.org)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
They are all obviously harmful to the plant, but what's also fascinating is that they all induce a complex array of organelle and cellular signalling pathways within the plant cell, with unique and overlapping components that enable plants to respond to these perturbations. (edu.au)
Theme 2 - Integration of cellular signalling pathways and processes. (edu.au)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling contributes to a variety of processes, mediating many aspects of cellular function, including nutrient uptake, anabolic reactions, cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (mdpi.com)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (wikipathways.org)
In vitro assays confirmed that the two compounds, to varying extents, inhibited RA-FLS proliferation, migration, invasion, and NF-κB signaling. (frontiersin.org)
PDCD4 suppressed the proliferation and colony-forming ability of endometrial cells. (endonews.com)
Also, PDCD4 re-expression suppressed the proliferation and colony-forming ability in PDCD4-low cells, but PDCD4 knockdown effectively decreased the expression of PDCD4 in PDCD4-high cell lines. (endonews.com)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
WNT signaling regulates central developmental processes of the cell, including cell fate, cell proliferation, cell migration and adult homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Proliferation-linked shifts in eligibility of T-cell progenitors, population dynamics, DN1 cells to undergo specification thus control kinetics of T-cell generation. (lu.se)

The knockdown of ATG9B expression in GBM cells suppressed TMZ-induced autophagy as well as TMZ-resistance. (nature.com)
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a stress-regulated protein kinase that mediates a range of processes, including signal-induced cell death and autophagy. (ed.ac.uk)
This review will summarize our current knowledge of the DAPK interactome, the use of peptide aptamers to define novel protein-protein interaction motifs, and how these new protein-protein interactions give insight into DAPK functions in diverse cellular processes, including growth factor signalling, the regulation of autophagy, and its emerging role in the regulation of immune responses. (ed.ac.uk)
Autophagy is a catabolic process that is important for degradation of cellular components, and for cell survival, and has also been associated with pathological disorders and tumour growth. (open.ac.uk)
To better understand how Ca 2+ has these opposing effects, this study investigated in what ways particular sources of Ca 2+ , and the characteristics of Ca 2+ signals impacted on autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
The fundamental need for Ca 2+ in the activation of autophagy was demonstrated by loading cells with an exogenous Ca 2+ buffer, which prevented various stimuli from triggering autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
These data suggest that Ca 2+ signals arising from InsP 3 Rs suppress autophagy. (open.ac.uk)
PKA compartmentalization links cAMP signaling and autophagy. (bvsalud.org)
Autophagy is a highly regulated degradative process crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis . (bvsalud.org)
While the molecular machines driving autophagy are well understood, the involvement of localized signaling events in this process is not well defined. (bvsalud.org)
However, while it is well established that, depending on the cell type, cAMP can inhibit or promote autophagy , the role of cAMP/PKA microdomains has not been tested. (bvsalud.org)
Here we show not only that the effects on autophagy of the same cAMP elevation differ in different cell types, but that they depend on a highly complex sub-compartmentalization of the signaling cascade. (bvsalud.org)
We show in addition that, in HT-29 cells , in which autophagy is modulated by cAMP rising treatments , PKA activity is strictly regulated in space and time by phosphatases , which largely prevent the phosphorylation of soluble substrates , while membrane -bound targets are less sensitive to the action of these enzymes . (bvsalud.org)
Our data demonstrate that local PKA activity can occur independently of local cAMP concentrations and provide strong evidence for a link between localized PKA signaling events and autophagy . (bvsalud.org)
PDCD4 inhibited autophagy in endometrial cells by an autophagy-related marker, LC3B-II. (endonews.com)
In the previous study, the author found that PDCD4 inhibited autophagy in multiple cancer cells or murine xenograft model, and PDCD4-attenuated autophagy was required for inhibition of tumor cell growth. (endonews.com)
Here, in endometrial cells, they found that autophagy-related marker, LC3B-II, was significantly decreased by PDCD4 overexpression but increased by the PDCD4 knockdown. (endonews.com)

We further focused our interest on the molecular mechanisms that underlie 125 I seeds radiation-induced paraptosis on colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Knowledge about the cellular mechanisms regulating death and survival of liver cells is of clinical and scientific interest for developing new therapeutic strategies. (rug.nl)
The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the mechanisms of cell death in hepatocytes, in order to develop strategies to protect hepatocytes and prevent liver injury. (rug.nl)
Our goal is to define molecular mechanisms and the physiological significance of JNK signaling. (umassmed.edu)
In this review article, we are focusing on the signaling mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 N protein in viral replication, cell death and inflammation. (ijbs.com)
These data demonstrate that MAP3K4-dependent signalling events are required for normal expression of Sry during testis development, and create a novel entry point into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying sex determination in mice and disorders of sexual development in humans. (plos.org)
Our research vision is to unravel the intersection of molecular and biochemical mechanisms in plant cells for adaptation to challenging environmental conditions. (edu.au)
PI Christer Larsson Our researchOur aims are to identify and understand mechanisms regulating breast cancer cell death and how inflammatory signaling can be induced and influence breast cancer progression. (lu.se)
I investigated the underlying mechanisms/signaling triggered by these tumor suppressors in colon cancer cells and whether the re-expression of these tumor suppressors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for treatment of colon cancer patients. (lu.se)

Met1-linked linear ubiquitin chains are involved in nuclear factor-κB signalling and cell death, and dysfunctions in linear ubiquitylation underlie chronic inflammation. (nih.gov)
Identification and clearance of apoptotic cells prevents the release of harmful cell contents thereby suppressing inflammation and autoimmune reactions. (uea.ac.uk)
In the present study, cell viability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, while inflammation was detected using ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. (spandidos-publications.com)
In summary, the present results revealed that hyperforin suppressed IL‑13‑induced nasal epithelial cell inflammation and barrier damage by targeting BCL6/p38 MAPK/CCL11, which may provide promising therapeutic targets for AR. (spandidos-publications.com)
For instance, hyperforin can improve imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice by regulating γδ T cells that produce IL-17A ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, the present study aimed to explore the functional roles of hyperforin on IL-13-stimulated nasal epithelial cells and discuss the mechanism by which hyperforin influences nasal epithelial cell viability, inflammation and barrier damage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lynn Wong from the University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland will give a talk on inflammation in cell death signaling in the Cologne Cell Death Club seminar series. (uni-koeln.de)
Although CNC exposures are associated with pulmonary inflammation and damage as well as oxidative stress responses and genotoxicity in vivo, studies evaluating cell transformation or tumorigenic potential of CNC's were not previously conducted. (cdc.gov)

Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. (wikipathways.org)
Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)
Our data indicate, for the first time, a requirement for MAPK signaling in the developing XY gonad in order to facilitate normal expression of SRY and the downstream testis-determining genes and also suggest that reduced dosage of MAP3K4 may be the cause of a previously described autosomal sex-reversing mutation in the mouse. (plos.org)

Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological cell signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. (wikipedia.org)
It was found that sustained cellular Ca 2+ signals arising via chronic inhibition of SERCA were pro-autophagic. (open.ac.uk)
These results reveal that ciliary HH signaling mediates communication between the prechordal plate and the neurectoderm to provide cellular survival cues essential for development of the facial midline. (elifesciences.org)
Of them, SARS-CoV-2 S protein binds to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [ 8 , 9 ], to enter the cells. (ijbs.com)
Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)

Deregulated or dysfunctional ubiquitin signalling can lead to diseases such as cancer, inflammatory conditions and neurodegenerative diseases. (edu.au)
The initial objective of our work was to understand how colon cancer cells survive their inflammatory micro-environment, including high levels of TNF and other death ligands. (uconn.edu)
These data suggested that targeting mitosis may be an effective approach for sensitizing cancer cells to their inflammatory microenvironment. (uconn.edu)
These findings could serve as a basis for the development of agents that target the molecular alterations in mutated colon cancer cells and augment the apoptotic actions of their inflammatory microenvironment, for robust activation of apoptotic signaling. (uconn.edu)
DNA damage assessment and cell cycle analysis revealed differences in the modes of cell death between asbestos and respective CF. There was an increase in chemokines, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines after all EMP treatments. (cdc.gov)
Interestingly immune cells as mast cells and inflammatory mediators as LTC4 play an important role in colon cancer. (lu.se)

Here, we report that Second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) mimetic-induced cell death is regulated by redox signaling. (oncotarget.com)
These findings have important implications for the therapeutic targeting of redox signaling to enhance Smac mimetic-induced cell death in ALL. (oncotarget.com)

α2δ-1 signaling drives apoptotic cell death, anatomic reorganization, excitatory synaptogenesis, astrocytosis, and network hyperexcitability in a model of insult-induced cortical malformation known as freeze lesion (FL). (eneuro.org)
Addition of the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk significantly decreases GANT61/A-1210477-stimulated cell demise, indicating apoptotic cell death. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Whereas the G s /G i -protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of G q -protein-dependent signals remain poorly understood. (jneurosci.org)
Transient forebrain ischemia leads to delayed death of the CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. (nih.gov)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
Theme 1 - The interface of organelle signalling and metabolism. (edu.au)

By comparison, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of lipid peroxidation by GPX4 overexpression or ferrostatin (Fer)-1 significantly decreases RSL3/BV6-, but not Erastin/BV6-induced cell death, despite inhibition of lipid peroxidation upon exposure to RSL3/BV6 or Erastin/BV6. (oncotarget.com)
Of note, inhibition of lipid peroxidation by Fer-1 protects from RSL3/BV6-, but not from Erastin/BV6-stimulated ROS production, indicating that other forms of ROS besides lipophilic ROS occur during Erastin/BV6-induced cell death. (oncotarget.com)
Cell death resulted from the recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA break sites and inhibition of DNA end resection. (nih.gov)
We propose that restoring RNF168-ub-H2AX signaling, potentially through inhibition of deubiquitinases, could represent a new therapeutic approach. (nih.gov)
In the present study, we show that concomitant inhibition of Hedgehog (HH) signaling by the glioma-associated oncogene homolog1 (GLI1)-targeting agent GANT61 and the antiapoptotic BCL-2 protein family member MCL-1 by A-1210477 synergistically induces cell death in HH-driven cancers, i.e. rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and medulloblastoma (MB) cells. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
These findings provide the rationale for further evaluation of dual inhibition of HH signaling and MCL-1 in HH-driven cancers. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

Moreover, engagement of this intracellular signaling route was functionally active in the mouse dorsal striatum in vivo , as proven by the disruption of neuronal integrity and behavioral tasks. (jneurosci.org)
Despite the requirement for a number of transcription factors and secreted signalling molecules in sex determination, intracellular signalling components functioning in this process have not been defined. (plos.org)

Ubiquitin signals play a significant role in many biological processes. (edu.au)
Because of its strong disease associations, ubiquitin signalling presents a large, untapped opportunity for generating new medicines for conditions such as Parkinson's disease. (edu.au)
Our division is working to understand the underlying biology of ubiquitin-mediated processes in cells, with a particular focus on those associated with human diseases. (edu.au)
Overall, our work identifies loss of RNF168 ubiquitin signaling as a proteomic alteration that supports BRCA1 -mutant carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)

Endometriosis is a benign disease but shares many similar features with cancers, such as abnormal cell migration, invasion, and unrestrained growth. (endonews.com)
Furthermore, the results from transwell migration and invasion assay showed that PDCD4 could repress migration and invasion of endometrial cells. (endonews.com)

While RSL3/BV6 cotreatment induces ferroptotic cell death, Erastin/BV6 stimulates oxidative cell death independently of iron. (oncotarget.com)

As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum. (wikipedia.org)
Highly conserved annexins may modulate the phagocytic cell removal by acting as bridging molecules to phosphatidylserine, a characteristic phagocytosis signal of dying cells. (uea.ac.uk)

We utilise high-throughput chemical biology to develop novel compounds that target individual proteins or processes within the plant cell. (edu.au)

We aim to unravel how diverse signals and processes within the plant cell are coordinated for the plant to respond appropriately to environmental changes. (edu.au)

Three models of hepatocyte cell death were studied: glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA)-induced cell death as a model for bile acid toxicity, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)/ actinomycin D (ActD, an inhibitor of transcription) as a model for cytokine-induced toxicity and menadione-induced cell death (menadione is a superoxide anion donor) as a model for oxidative stress-induced toxicity. (rug.nl)

Taken together these studies suggests that inhibiting α2δ-1 signaling may have therapeutic promise to reduce cell death and network reorganization associated with insult-induced DCMs. (eneuro.org)

On the other hand, studies in cells have shown that ceramide-inducing agents such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha α (TNFα) and palmitate induce the ceramide-dependent removal of a phosphate group (dephosphorylation) of the retinoblastoma gene product RB and the enzymes, protein kinases B (AKT protein family) and C α (PKB and PKCα). (wikipedia.org)
Overexpression of ectopic RNF168 or a ub-H2AX fusion protein induced cell death and delayed BRCA1 -mutant tumor formation. (nih.gov)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
PI Kristian Pietras Our researchOur aim is to molecularly map support functions performed by the various cell types comprising the tumor microenvironment. (lu.se)
I found that the tumor suppressor gene 15-PGDH is down-regulated in colon cancer patients as well as in colon cancer cell lines. (lu.se)

Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis). (wikipedia.org)
A prominent example for the decisive impact of lipid rafts on signaling is LRP6, whose localization to the same lipid rafts domain as the kinase CK1γ is crucial for its successful phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the signalosome, hence WNT/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Even though LRP6 is homogenously distributed in the membrane and only a minor fraction is raft-associated, its localization to lipid rafts is vital for the activation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence wnt/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid rafts are local assemblies of highly concentrated sphingolipids and cholesterol in the cell membrane. (frontiersin.org)

The researchers used light-sensitive proteins introduced into the thalamic cells-a technology known as optogenetics-to establish optical control of the bursting activity. (futurity.org)
Moreover, hyperforin promotes the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells after blood-brain barrier injury ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of cells. (edu.au)
Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. (wikipathways.org)

Here, we used mice with a genetic deletion of α2δ‐1 to determine how α2δ‐1 contributes to cell death, elevated excitatory synapse number, and in vitro network function after FL and to examine the molecular specificity of GBP's effects. (eneuro.org)
Recently, in vitro cartilage studies have shown that impact loading can produce structural damage and osteoarthritis-like changes, including tissue swelling, collagen denaturation, and cell death. (johnshopkins.edu)

Cell Death Differ;28(8): 2436-2449, 2021 08. (bvsalud.org)

This down- regulation is often seen in parallel with down-regulated WNT5A, the non-canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling ligand. (lu.se)

Paraptosis is a kind of caspase-independent programmed cell death and is characterized by distinct cytoplasmic vacuolization derived from swelling endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. (hindawi.com)
Now, new research using human samples and mouse models has found that resistance of leukemia cells to a widely prescribed drug called venetoclax occurs because of a rapid increase in the breakdown and turnover of mitochondria, structures inside the cell that help power its functions. (nyulangone.org)
In addition to their role in producing energy, mitochondria also tell cells to die under certain adverse conditions. (nyulangone.org)
Damaged mitochondria can also undergo mitophagy-a form of "self-eating" that prevents them from sending death signals to their cells. (nyulangone.org)
The new study and previous research by the team showing misshapen mitochondria in drug-resistant leukemic cells confirmed that increased mitophagy was the source of the problem. (nyulangone.org)
We aim to understand how chloroplasts and mitochondria play dual functions in the plant cell as 1) metabolic hubs for photosynthesis and respiration respectively, and 2) environmental stress sensors for the cell by releasing a variety of distress signals upon perception of unfavourable conditions. (edu.au)

Therefore, BRCA1-deficient cancers require adaptations that prevent excessive genomic alterations from triggering cell death. (nih.gov)

We show that RSL3, a glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPX) 4 inhibitor, or Erastin, an inhibitor of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, cooperate with the Smac mimetic BV6 to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. (oncotarget.com)

By stimulating the whiskers in many different ways, they were able to induce signals-including bursting-in the thalamus. (futurity.org)
Th2 cytokines also induce the breakdown of the epithelial barrier in allergic diseases, and epithelial cells release cytokines to promote Th2 immune response ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, it can induce expression of proinflammatory cytokines by activating NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in cytokine storms. (ijbs.com)
In this study, we aimed to assess the neoplastic-like transformation potential of two forms of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in comparison to fibrous tremolite (TF), known to induce lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

Although the kinase domain of DAPK has a range of substrates that mediate its signalling, the additional protein interaction domains of DAPK are relatively ill defined. (ed.ac.uk)

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by slow progression compared with neuronal dysfunction and cell death. (tmd.ac.jp)

Studies have shown that by targeting antibodies against IL1RAP, they will attach themselves to the receptor, and thereby inhibit cell growth. (lu.se)

Understanding the molecular signals that lead to the formation of a hyperexcitable network in DCMs is critical to devising novel treatment strategies. (eneuro.org)
This work details the identification and structure-activity relationship studies of a new class of small molecule compounds and explores their anti-mitotic activity and provides a paradigm for exploiting molecular alterations in mutated cells. (uconn.edu)

In this investigation, the cytotoxicity of 23 α-methylene-γ-lactones towards normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells as well as breast cancer JIMT-1 cells is compared. (lu.se)

The research team has discovered a type of receptor - a protein, located on the surface of the AML stem cells - which sends out signals. (lu.se)
This receptor, called (IL1RAP), cannot be found on healthy blood stem cells, which opens up the possibility for a selective attack on the diseased stem cells using antibodies. (lu.se)
Once the antibody has become attached to the receptor, it activates the body's natural immune system and attracts killer cells that are part of our immune system. (lu.se)
The most potent of these compounds, 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-(2-ethoxybenzoyl)piperazine or AK301, arrested cells in a mitotic state (EC 50 ≈ 115 nM) in which the TNF receptor was efficiently coupled to caspase-8 activation. (uconn.edu)

Interestingly, the iron chelator Deferoxamine (DFO) significantly inhibits RSL3/BV6-induced cell death, whereas it is unable to rescue cell death by Erastin/BV6, showing that RSL3/BV6-, but not Erastin/BV6-mediated cell death depends on iron. (oncotarget.com)

However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. (frontiersin.org)

Their findings could lead to a better understanding of how cells in this walnut-sized portion of the human brain perform a variety of sensory and motor control tasks, switching from one mode to another as needed. (futurity.org)
The diagnosis of diffuse large cell lymphoma is usually confirmed after positive findings are obtained from a lymph node biopsy specimen. (medscape.com)
Discussion: These findings indicate that soluble intercellular signalling is involved in the spreading of cell death through the cartilage matrix, and that its effects can be prevented by physical isolation of the surrounding ring from the impacted core. (johnshopkins.edu)

Taken together, RSL3/BV6 and Erastin/BV6 differentially regulate redox signaling and cell death in ALL cells. (oncotarget.com)

Besides the function in viral life cycle, N protein can bind GSDMD to antagonize pyroptosis but promotes cell death via the Smad3-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest mechanism. (ijbs.com)

Because cancer cells divide faster than normal cells, they are more affected by chemotherapy compared to healthy cells", explains Helena Ågerstam, cancer researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)
However, the AML stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow and are responsible for producing cancer cells, are hard to affect. (lu.se)
D espite the promise of new medications that promote the death of cancer cells in people with acute myeloid leukemia , leukemic cells often adopt features that let them evade the drugs' effects within a year. (nyulangone.org)
Further experiments using mice into which bone marrow from patients with acute myeloid leukemia was transplanted showed that the drug chloroquine, a known mitophagy inhibitor, restored the ability of venetoclax to kill the cancer cells. (nyulangone.org)
Speaking about other study results, the researchers say they found not only that MFN2 was overly active in people with drug-resistant disease but also that cancer cells exposed to similar cell-death-inducing compounds demonstrated a doubling in mitophagy rates. (nyulangone.org)
Additional testing in cancer cells engineered to lack MFN2 showed increased sensitivity to drugs similar to venetoclax compared with cells that had functional MFN2. (nyulangone.org)
Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
The ratio between the IC50 values for MCF-10A and JIMT-1 cells, as a measure for the selectivity of a compound to kill cancer cells, was calculated, and found to vary between just over 1 to more than 10. (lu.se)

The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
These studies described failure of B-cell differentiation because of altered B-cell surface-molecule expression. (medscape.com)

respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)

Typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, fatigue and shortness of breath, while severe patients may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute lung injury, septic shock, or even death [ 1 - 4 ]. (ijbs.com)

We hypothesized that an imbalance of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation may be involved in delayed neuronal death after ischemia. (nih.gov)

Here, Dr. Wei group from China investigated for the first time the role of PDCD4 in the biological behaviors of endometrial cells. (endonews.com)

Addition of the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) fails to rescue ROS-induced cell death, demonstrating that RSL3/BV6- or Erastin/BV6-induced cell death occurs in a caspase-independent manner. (oncotarget.com)

Chemotherapeutic agents such as daunorubicin and etoposide enhance the de novo synthesis of ceramide in studies done on mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
The sphingomyelin that accumulates in the lysosomes of Niemann-Pick disease-affected cells is thought to arise from the degradation of the cells and their organelles because it is a major component of all mammalian cell membranes. (medscape.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms12

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes52

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science7

Named Groups1

Health Care14

Pathway28

Apoptosis28

Pathways11

Proliferation10

Autophagy17

Mechanisms9

Inflammation8

MAPK3

Cellular6

Inflammatory6

Mimetic-induced cell death2

Apoptotic cell2

Neurons2

Metabolism3

Inhibition6

Intracellular2

Ubiquitin4

Migration2

Induces1

Molecules2

Biology1

Processes1

Oxidative stress1

Therapeutic1

Tumor7

Lipid4

Proteins4

Vitro2

20211

Regulation1

Mitochondria6

Cancers1

Smac1

Induce4

Kinase1

Neurodegenerative diseases1

Inhibit1

Molecular2

Breast cancer1

Receptor4

Inhibits1

Experimental1

Findings3

Differentially1

Cycle1

Cancer cells9

Differentiation2

Mitochondrial1

Lung1

Phosphorylation1

Biological1

Caspase-independent1

Mammalian2