Cell cytotoxicity activation. Medical search. Frequent questions

In vitro stimulation of blood cells with BCG cell wall skeleton (CWS) allowed more potent IL-12 p40 production in cells from volunteers given Spirulina than in cells without pre-exposure to Spirulina. (nih.gov)
In vitro, the test mixture induced a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
Uptake of this material caused lysosomal destabilization and inflammasome activation, corroborated by an increase in cathepsin B, caspase 1, and increased protein levels of IL-1â both in vitro and in vivo. (cdc.gov)
The observed results, which likely reflect a high exposure scenario, demonstrated acute inflammation, and toxicity in vitro and in vivo in part due to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, we investigated the effects of patients' sera on endothelia cells (ECs) in vitro. (mdpi.com)
Objective -To determine the effects of 2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E 2 and F 2α and expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) of adult and fetal bovine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. (avma.org)
Objective -To evaluate the cytopathic effects of Tritrichomonas foetus and a purified cysteine protease (ie, CP30) of T foetus on cultured bovine uterine epithelial cells (BUECs) in vitro. (avma.org)
Procedure -An in vitro culture system of BUECs was developed to study the cytopathic effects of T foetus and purified CP30 of T foetus on host cells. (avma.org)
HCC cell death, and natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytotoxicity were assessed in vitro after treatment with the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). The effect of TLR3 on the tumor parenchyma and infiltrating immune cells was investigated in a spontaneous liver tumor mouse model and a transplanted tumor mouse model (n = 3-9 mice per group). (nih.gov)
001) and cytotoxicity (relative fourfold increase, P = .03) in vitro. (nih.gov)
elicits antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in vitro in solid and hematologic tumor cells. (medscape.com)
We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
An in vitro cytogenicity study in mammalian cells or an in vitro micronucleus study was not conducted because adequate data from in vivo cytogenicity tests are available. (europa.eu)
No data are available for the target substance regarding in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation. (europa.eu)
In vitro assays for measuring the cytotoxic capacity of immune cells have been a staple in laboratories for many years. (jove.com)
These in vitro assays involve the mixing of different cell populations, as well as using a relatively low number of both effector and target cells. (jove.com)
As with any assay examining the function of immune cells in vitro , there are a number of important considerations to consider improving the performance of the experiment. (jove.com)
In this study, we comprehensively screened HLA-A2 restricted MAGE-A3 tumor epitopes and characterized the corresponding TCRs using in vitro artificial antigen presentation cells (APC) system, single-cell transcriptome and TCR V(D)J sequencing, and machine-learning. (thno.org)
We identified the HLA-A2 restricted T cell epitopes from MAGE-A3 that could effectively induce the activation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells using artificial APC in vitro . (thno.org)
Anti-West Nile virus activity of in vitro expanded human primary natural killer cells. (fda.gov)
The expanded NK cells were tested for their ability to inhibit WNV infection in vitro. (fda.gov)
In vitro cytotoxicity to oral keratinocyte targets is greater in patients with active recurrent aphthous ulcers (canker sores) than in control subjects or in patients with traumatic ulcers. (medscape.com)
An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed with the test substance in Chinese hamster V79 cells according to OECD guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP (Oppong-Nketiah, 2012). (europa.eu)

NK cell activation and the triggering of effector functions is governed by a complex set of activating and inhibitory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review tumor-NK cell interactions, discuss the mechanisms by which NK cells generate an antitumor immune response, and discuss NK cell-based therapeutic strategies targeting activating, inhibitory, and co-stimulatory receptors. (frontiersin.org)
However, CD56 dim NK cells can produce cytokines, specifically IFN-γ, after cell triggering via NKp46 of NKp30 activating receptors or after stimulation with combinations of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-15 ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
They can be activated rapidly via germ-line encoded receptors that recognize the presence of stress ligands or absence of self-antigens on target cells ( 1 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
The test emerged from a longstanding collaboration between Adaptive and Microsoft to apply machine learning to define the 'rules' according to which T-cell receptors (TCRs) identify their cognate antigens. (nature.com)
Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
TWEAK Receptors are relatively highly expressed on HUVEC cells and certain tumor cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
Fc sialylation of a CD20-targeting antibody had no impact on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and did not change the affinity of the antibody for activating Fcγ receptors. (jci.org)
Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system and may induce cytotoxicity through persistent activation of glutamate receptors and through oxidative stress mechanisms. (researchgate.net)
Adoptive cell therapy using engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) targeting cancer-testis antigens, such as Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3), is a potential approach for the treatment of NSCLC. (thno.org)

However, as tumors progress, cancerous cells develop immunosuppressive mechanisms that circumvent NK cell-mediated killing, allowing for tumor escape and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Previous researches completed by our team have also demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
TWEAK-induced TWEAK Receptor-mediated signaling can play roles in inflammation, the induction of apoptosis in certain cell types, the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and can promote angiogenesis within healthy and diseased tissues, eg, tumors. (bdbiosciences.com)
In vivo, poly(I:C) treatment increased intratumoral chemokine expression, NK-cell activation and tumor infiltration, and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating T and NK cells. (nih.gov)
Proliferation of tumor parenchyma cells was decreased. (nih.gov)
We evaluated the influence of T315 on the manifestation of pThr173-ILK and total ILK, as well as proteins regulating cell proliferation and survival in AML cells (Physique 2). (exposed-skin-care.net)
CD86 binds to CD28 to transduce costimulatory signals for T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. (biolegend.com)

3 Satoh T, Saitoh S, Hosaka H, Kosaka K. Simple ortho- and para-hydroquinones as neuroprotective compounds against oxidative stress associated with a specific transcriptional activation. (thieme-connect.com)
Although CNC exposures are associated with pulmonary inflammation and damage as well as oxidative stress responses and genotoxicity in vivo, studies evaluating cell transformation or tumorigenic potential of CNC's were not previously conducted. (cdc.gov)

The saturated fatty acid SA, which did not exhibit significant increase in lipid peroxidation, also did not induce cytotoxicity. (omega-research.com)

It involves direct cytotoxicity and cytokine mediated pathways. (wikipedia.org)
2019. TCR- or Cytokine-activated CD8+ Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells are Rapid Polyfunctional Effectors that can Coordinate Immune Responses. (bu.edu)
Differential responses of murine alveolar macrophages to elongate mineral particles of asbestiform and non-asbestiform varieties: Cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and transcriptional changes. (cdc.gov)

Studies sug- terized by flow cytometry using anti between the immune response and the gest that HCV inhibits receptor genes in CD3, CD56 and CD16 monoclonal virus replication rate [5] and play a cru- the activation of NK cells [20], and the antibodies. (who.int)

Cytokines, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfers, and especially checkpoint inhibitors constitute valuable elements in the immunotherapeutic armamentarium. (frontiersin.org)
PCS (n = 17), PCS/CFS (n = 13), and healthy controls (HC, n = 14) were screened for serum anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECAs) and dysregulated cytokines. (mdpi.com)
Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, we addressed feeder cell-free expansion methods using common γ-chain cytokines, especially IL-15 and IL-21. (frontiersin.org)
In vivo development and survival of NK cells require cytokines ( 6 - 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this context, cytokines have been shown to activate NK cells potently during ex vivo expansion ( 9 - 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cytotoxicity, cytokines secretion and transcriptional changes were evaluated. (cdc.gov)
DNA damage assessment and cell cycle analysis revealed differences in the modes of cell death between asbestos and respective CF. There was an increase in chemokines, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines after all EMP treatments. (cdc.gov)

In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, we established a two-phase expansion protocol with IL-15 to induce an early NK cell expansion, followed by short exposure to IL-21 that boosted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against RMS cells. (frontiersin.org)
IFNg or TNF), or cytotoxic granules (i.e., perforin/granzyme B) expressed by effector cells are some ways in which target cell death can be induced. (jove.com)
With the explosion in tumor immunotherapy research in recent years, there is growing interest in finding agents to increase the cytotoxic activity of immune cells to improve patient outcomes. (jove.com)
Conversely, some diseases are hallmarked by the overexuberant activity of immune cell cytotoxic activity, resulting in efforts to identify agents to temper these responses. (jove.com)
Thus, having an assay in which the user can easily integrate any number of different effector cells, target cells, and/or response modifiers into the experimental design can serve as a valuable means of quickly assessing the cytotoxic capacity of effector cells and/or the responsiveness of the target cell. (jove.com)
Upon the loss of membrane integrity of the target cells as a result of the cytotoxic activity of the effector cells, the 51 Cr-labelled cellular proteins within the target cells are released into the culture supernatant, becoming available for quantitation. (jove.com)
One of the most critical features is to use healthy effector (for maximal cytotoxic activity) and target (for maximal responsiveness and minimal spontaneous death/ 51 Cr release) cells. (jove.com)
Early lesions show a cluster of macrophages and lymphocytes (predominantly cytotoxic and natural-killer T cells) at the preulcerative base, followed by formation of an ulcer with a neutrophilic base and an erythematous lymphocytic ring. (medscape.com)
Patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers (canker sores) have increased numbers of cytotoxic CD8 + cells and decreased numbers of helper CD4 + cells in peripheral blood. (medscape.com)
The study aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity, using the MTT test [3-(4,5-Dimethilthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenil tetrazolium bromide], from the crude extract of Picrasma crenata (Pau Tenente) and its isolated compounds, quassin and parain, in culture of rat liver tumor cells (HTC). (scielo.br)
that is selectively cytotoxic to cancer compared to normal cells. (cdc.gov)
I completed my PhD within the field of cancer immunotherapy, working with cytotoxic T cells, before moving to Sweden and starting to work with the complement system. (lu.se)

Gamma-linolenic acid induces apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
Some evidence indicates that polyunsaturated fatty acid can kill cells by apoptosis. (omega-research.com)
Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that GLA caused dose-dependent apoptosis of K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
Further, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP were found in GLA-induced apoptosis. (omega-research.com)
These results demonstrate that GLA could induce apoptosis in K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
Apoptosis is mediated by release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3. (omega-research.com)
This research displays that autophagic cell loss of life and apoptosis cooperatively contribute to the anticancer activity of Testosterone levels315 in AML cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Testosterone levels315 Induces Apoptosis, Caspase Account activation and (PARP) Cleavage in AML Cell Lines In purchase to determine if PARP cleavage and caspase account activation take place in Testosterone levels315-mediated cytotoxicity, HL-60 and THP-1 cells had been incubated with Testosterone levels315 at 0, 1, 2 or 3 mol/M for 24 l. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Body 3 Testosterone levels315-mediated cytotoxicity is certainly reliant on caspase account activation and apoptosis. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Therefore, in addition to apoptosis, we researched if autophagy was included in Testosterone levels315-mediated cytotoxicity. (exposed-skin-care.net)

As BCG-CWS serves as a ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 to raise the maturation stage of monocytes/macrophages, Spirulina may be involved in the signaling responses through Toll in blood cells even when orally administered. (nih.gov)
The TWEAK Receptor binds TWEAK (CD255) and can signal intracellularly by interactions with TRAF1, 2, and 3 cytoplasmic proteins leading to NF-κB activation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Sialylated IgG Fc domains have antiinflammatory properties that are attributed to their ability to increase the activation threshold of innate effector cells to immune complexes by stimulating the upregulation of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). (jci.org)
Binding of these ligands to RAGE does not accelerate clearance or degradation but rather begins a sustained period of cellular activation mediated by receptor-dependent signaling. (jci.org)

Additionally, a 11-year prospective cohort study of Japanese inhabitants linked low peripheral-blood NK cell cytotoxicity with increased cancer risk ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
APN401 is an innovative approach that leverages invIOs's proprietary EPiC cell therapy platform to transfect autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with siRNA to silence Cbl-b, which belongs to a class of proteins found in immune cells that are known to play a key role in inhibiting immune responses against cancer. (itbusinessnet.com)
1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
It was previously shown that K562-mb15-41BBL (K562D2) cells, which express IL-15 and 4-1BBL on the K562 cell surface, were able to expand and activate human primary NK cells of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). (fda.gov)
Peripheral blood lymphocyte count was 0.40 × 10 9 cells/L ( 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)

One of the main functions of the cells of the immune system is to remove target cells that have been infected with viruses or have undergone transformation into a tumor cell. (jove.com)
As described below, these diverse situations range from the complications of diabetes and cellular perturbation in amyloidoses to immune and inflammatory responses and tumor cell behavior. (jci.org)
Importantly, T cells artificially expressing the MAGE-A3-Mp4 specific TCRs exhibited strong MAGE-A3+ tumor cell recognition and killing effect. (thno.org)
Cytotoxicity of extracts and compounds isolated from Croton echioides in animal tumor cell (HTC). (scielo.br)

A fluorometric assay was used to detect BUEC caspase 3 activation. (avma.org)
Thus, one necessity of the assay is to label the target cells in a manner that can easily be detected and quantitated, allowing the user to then determine the 'percent specific lysis' mediated by the effector cells. (jove.com)
The short labeling and total assay times reduces the potential for significant changes in the number and/or phenotype of the target cells, which could influence the outcome of the assay. (jove.com)
Gene mutation (Bacterial reverse mutation assay / Ames test): negative with and without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535 and TA 1537 (OECD TG 471) (Hüls AG, 1998a). (europa.eu)
The ethanolic extracts of the plant were examined for the presence of bioactive components and their total flavonoid content, with focusing on quercetin detection using thin layer bioautography (TLB) and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) for cytotoxicity. (who.int)

The expanded NK (D2NK) cell has strong natural killing activity against both K562 and Vero cells, and killed the WNV infected Vero cells through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (fda.gov)

Therefore, ex vivo NK cell expansion protocols are currently being developed. (frontiersin.org)
In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
In summary, this two-phased feeder cell-free ex vivo culturing protocol combined efficient expansion and high cytolytic functionality of NK cells for treatment of radiation-resistant RMS. (frontiersin.org)
The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)

Complement activation is involved and the effect is usually profound. (wikipedia.org)
A diagnostic test based on sequencing long-lived SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells provides a complement to antibody testing for determining previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. (nature.com)
These include additional antibody functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement activation and phagocyte recruitment. (nature.com)
Here, we report that IgG Fc sialylation of human monoclonal IgG1 molecules impairs their efficacy to induce complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). (jci.org)
Complement activation induces excessive T cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity is one of the mechanisms by which therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are toxic to cancer cells. (lu.se)
The majority of human tumors are low immunogenic and complement may be involved in their recognition via direct "danger signal" elicited activation. (lu.se)
function of several poorly characterized proteins expressed in tumor cells and which are structurally related to known complement inhibitors but also suggested to act as tumor suppressors. (lu.se)
Importance of complement activation and individual variations in complement levels for therapeutic effect of clinically approved anti-CD20 mAbs used for treatment of B cell malignancies. (lu.se)

High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
Reversible proteasome inhibition disrupts pathways supporting cell growth, thus decreasing cancer cell survival. (medscape.com)

GLA treatment could also elevate lipid peroxidation in K562 cells, and antioxidant alpha-tocopherol could reverse the cytotoxicity of GLA. (omega-research.com)
2 Satoh T, Izumi M, Inukai Y, Tsutumi Y, Nakayama N, Kosaka K, Kitajima C, Itoh K, Yokoi T, Shirasawa T. Carnosic acid protects neuronal HT22 cells through activation of the antioxidant-responsive element in free carboxylic acid- and catechol hydroxyl moieties-dependent manners. (thieme-connect.com)
12 Kraft A D, Johnson D A, Johnson J A. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidant response element activation by tert-butylhydroquinone and sulforaphane occurring preferentially in astrocytes conditions neurons against oxidative insult. (thieme-connect.com)

C3 appears to be cytoprotective and keeps beta cells alive, whilst intracellular isoforms of CD59 are directly involved in insulin secretion. (lu.se)

In the current study, we tested the apoptotic effect of GLA on human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. (omega-research.com)
GLA induced K562 cell death in a dose-dependent manner. (omega-research.com)
Typical apoptotic nuclei were shown by staining of K562 cells with DNA-binding fluorochrome Hoechst 33342, characterized by chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. (omega-research.com)
He sought to determine how different levels of these antioxidants may affect oxidative activation of VP-16 in K562 human leukemia cells and the extent of cytotoxicity of VP-16 in these cells. (aicr.org)

Sample -Primary cultures of endometrial epithelial cells obtained from 4 adult cows and 4 fetal bovine carcasses. (avma.org)
Results -Concentrations of PGF 2α and PGE 2 were significantly lower in culture media of adult and fetal endometrial epithelial cells exposed to any concentration of either CLA than they were in media of cells not exposed to CLAs. (avma.org)
PGF 2α concentration ratios for cultures of adult and fetal endometrial epithelial cells with no apparent effect on PGHS-2 expression. (avma.org)
Aphthous ulcers may have abnormalities in cell communication and epithelial integrity. (medscape.com)
Other particles may be engulfed by epithelial cells, primarily in the vicinity of the bronchial-alveolar duct junctions, and retained for much longer periods, with gradual removal to lymph nodes. (cdc.gov)
In this study, we aimed to assess the neoplastic-like transformation potential of two forms of CNC derived from wood (powder and gel) in human pulmonary epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in comparison to fibrous tremolite (TF), known to induce lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

It is characterized by the binding of these antibodies to antigens on vascular endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
Endothelial cells are sentinels lining the innermost layer of blood vessel that gatekeep micro- and macro-vascular health by sensing pathogen/danger signals and secreting vasoactive molecules. (nature.com)
A number of viral species, such as dengue, ebola and cytomegalovirus can infect endothelial cells (ECs) and cause endothelial dysfunction [ 5 ]. (nature.com)

and cellular uptake of Cur was notably improved by LPUS-MBs treatment, aggravating Cur-induced MDA-MB-231 cells death. (sxultrasonic.com)
The defining functional feature of NK cells remains their intrinsic ability to conduct "natural killing" of cellular targets without prior sensitization. (frontiersin.org)
Redirection of glutamine to cellular energetics destabilizes glutathione homeostasis in glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells [ 9 ]. (degruyter.com)
The proteasome pathway is an enzyme complex existing in all cells, which degrades ubiquitinated proteins that control the cell cycle and cellular processes and maintains cellular homeostasis. (medscape.com)
T315 Induces Autophagic Cell Death in AML Cell Lines Autophagy is usually a physiological process in which cellular components are degraded by lysosomal activity. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Radioactivity - especially, chromium 51 ( 51 Cr) in the form of Na 2 51 CrO 4 - is an inexpensive way to rapidly and nonspecifically label cellular proteins within the target cells (1). (jove.com)
Transient hemophagocytosis with deficient cellular cytotoxicity, monoclonal immunoglobulin M gammopathy, increased T-cell numbers, and hypomorphic NEMO mutation. (lu.se)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has impaired cellular immune response and circulating NK cells, NK subsets (in- the ability to establish chronic infection virus persistence [8]. (who.int)

Increasing interest is focused on the role of T-cell immunity in fighting SARS-CoV-2 infection and in providing resistance to re-infection. (nature.com)
The same can be said for assaying T-cell-mediated immunity. (nature.com)
2018. Induction of Autonomous Memory Alveolar Macrophages Requires T Cell Help and is Critical to Trained Immunity. (bu.edu)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain infections and cancers. (msdmanuals.com)

VIENNA, Austria, Sept. 05, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) - invIOs GmbH ("invIOs"), a privately held biotechnology company developing novel therapies for cancer, today announces that it has started patient recruitment for a Phase 1b trial of its novel autologous cell therapy, APN401, in patients with solid tumors, and has successfully secured grant funding. (itbusinessnet.com)

Traditional western blotting demonstrated that Testosterone levels315 activated PARP cleavage and caspase-3 and caspase-7 account activation in HL-60 and THP-1 cell lines in a dose-dependent way (Body 3A). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Treatment with Testosterone levels315 for 24 l activated dose-dependent boosts in microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light stores 3B (LC3C)-II reflection in HL-60 and THP-1 cells (Amount 4A). (exposed-skin-care.net)
The mean number of revertants was not increased in the tester strains at any concentrations and in any experiment performed, except for TA 100 which showed a dose-dependent increase in the mean number of revertants at 2500 µg/plate and higher without metabolic activation in the first experiment. (europa.eu)

The ITEM-4 antibody can induce the death of certain TWEAK-sensitive tumor target cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
Belantamab mafodotin is an antibody-drug conjugate that contains belantamab, an afucosylated humanised monoclonal IgG1k antibody specific for B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), produced using recombinant DNA technology in a mammalian cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary) that is conjugated with maleimidocaproyl monomethyl auristatin F (mcMMAF). (medicines.org.uk)
Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG 1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
One vial containing 420 mg of trastuzumab, a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced by mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cell suspension culture and purified by chromatography including specific viral inactivation and removal procedures. (who.int)
Monoclonal antibody that binds with high affinity to the CD38 molecule, which is highly expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma cells. (medscape.com)

Some lesions have also had mast-cell activation and degranulation. (medscape.com)

The absorbances averages results obtained showed that the crude extract did not present cytotoxicity for the HTC cells in all the concentrations and evaluated times. (scielo.br)
In two independent experiments, the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 102 were exposed to test substance concentrations of 31.6, 100, 316, 1000, 2500 and 5000 µg/plate in the absence and in the presence of liver microsomal activation system (S9 mix). (europa.eu)
Based on a preliminary toxicity test, cells were treated with concentrations ranging from 125-5000 µg/mL in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix) in the main experiment. (europa.eu)
Cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of ≥ 3000 µg/mL without S9 mix, whereas no toxic effect was observed in the presence of S9 mix. (europa.eu)
Based on the data on cytotoxicity, concentrations of 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 µg/mL in the presence of metabolic activation (S9 mix) and concentrations of 2500, 3750 and 5000 µg/mL in the absence of metabolic activation were used to analyse chromosomal aberrations after exposure to the test substance. (europa.eu)
Max Planck Institute (MPI) cells, a non-transformed mouse line that has an AM phenotype and genotype, were treated with mass-, surface area- (s.a.), and particle number- (p.n.) equivalent concentrations of respirable asbestiform and non-asbestiform riebeckite/tremolite EMP for 24h. (cdc.gov)

Cytogenicity in mammalian cells: negative in V79 CHL cells (OECD TG 473) (Degussa-Hüls AG, 1999). (europa.eu)
Mutagenicity in mammalian cells: negative in CHO K-1 cells (OECD TG 476) (Hüls AG, 1998b). (europa.eu)

Effects were attenuated in exposed NLRP3 knockout THP-1 cells, demonstrating inflammasome activation. (cdc.gov)

The human leukemic cell line YT displays spontaneous cytotoxicity against CD80 + and/or CD86 + and ICAM-1 + target cells. (elsevierpure.com)

NK cells are now accepted to play an important role in both the adaptive and innate immune responses that govern infection, autoimmunity, and tumor immunosurveillance ( 2 , 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
However, systematic analysis of T cell immune responses to MAGE-A3 antigen and corresponding antigen-specific TCR is still lacking. (thno.org)
Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory T-cell signaling, relapse frequently occurs after ICB treatment and acquired resistance often emergence after initial response [ 4 ]. (thno.org)
In order to study the possible role over Ficoll-Hypaque (density 1.077 production, and are the key players in that NK cells might play in the patho- g/L) (Amersham Biosciences) and immune responses to viruses [7]. (who.int)

The choice of chemotherapy depends on several factors, including the patient's performance status, age, renal function, desire for inpatient or outpatient therapy, and likelihood of receiving future autologous stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)

CONCLUSIONS: Co-culture of PBMC with K562D2 stimulatory cells is an efficient technique to prepare large quantities of pure and active NK cells, and these expanded NK cells inhibited WNV infection of Vero cells through both cytolytic and noncytolytic activities, which may imply a potential role of NK cells in combating WNV infection. (fda.gov)
Our results confirm a potential role of NK cells and the different subsets in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. (who.int)

This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
The analysis of polyploid metaphases did not reveal any biologically relevant increase in the frequency of polyploidy cells after exposure to the test substance, neither in the presence nor in the absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
In conclusion, the test substance was clastogenic in Chinese hamster lung (CHL/IU) cells in the absence of metabolic activation, which, however, was in the precipitating concentration range of the test substance. (europa.eu)
No clastogenicity was observed after treatment of the cells with the test substance in the presence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)

This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)

PGF 2α concentration ratios of cells. (avma.org)
No signs of cytotoxicity and no precipitation were observed in all experiments up to the limit concentration of 5000 µg/plate. (europa.eu)
No increase in the number of cells with chromosomal aberrations was observed at any test concentration in the presence of S9 mix. (europa.eu)
L. egeregia was regarded as the prototype of the anticancer species due to its profound flavonoid concentration (85.40 µg/mL) and cytotoxicity (9.46 µg/mL) compared to other extracts. (who.int)

Taken together, these results are consistent with a model in which activation of CD28 and LFA-1 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD28 cytoplasmic domain, recruitment and activation of PI 3-kinase, as well as the Tec kinase Itk/Emt, and the activation of PMA-nonresponsive PKC isoenzymes. (elsevierpure.com)
T315 Induces Down-Regulation of Protein Kinase W (Akt) and Phosphorylated Akt in AML Cell Lines T315 has been reported as an ILK inhibitor [2]. (exposed-skin-care.net)

[ 2 ] since antibodies to gastric parietal cells, thyroglobulin and thyroid microsomes may be present in 13-19% of cases. (medscape.com)

Functionally, pretreatment with the byproduct mixture caused an acute suppression in bacterial uptake by THP-1 cells, an effect that was mirrored in challenged alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
CD86 is expressed on activated B and T cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and astrocytes. (biolegend.com)
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first responders to inhaled particulates, participating in clearance and activating other resident and recruited immunocompetent cells, impacting the long-term outcomes. (cdc.gov)

In this work, we report that CD28-mediated cytotoxicity of YT involves tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, the Tec kinase Itk/Emt, and protein kinase C (PKC). (elsevierpure.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'CD28-mediated cytotoxicity by the human leukemic NK cell line YT involves tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and protein kinase C'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (elsevierpure.com)
The Adaptive test involves laboratory-based next-generation sequencing to identify T cells that recognize SARS-CoV-2 antigens. (nature.com)

Body 2 Testosterone levels315 induce dephosphorylation of proteins kinase T (Akt) without transformation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in AML cell lines. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cells (0.25 106 cells/mL) had been treated with T315 at the indicated focus or DMSO for 24 they would, and 20 g proteins … 2.3. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cell surface proteins (surfaceome) play a significant role in the development of novel target therapies. (curiox.com)
Inhibition of HDAc activity results in increased acetylation of histone proteins and an epigenetic alteration that results in a relaxing of chromatin, leading to transcriptional activation. (medscape.com)

However, a class of important immune-modulators is conspicuously absent: agents that utilize the power of innate immune cells to eradicate tumors. (frontiersin.org)
An important class of innate immune cells that play a critical role in mediating the antitumor immune response is the natural killer (NK) cell. (frontiersin.org)
As an individualized treatment, APN401 educates and empowers the patient's own most recent immune cells to detect and attack tumor cells. (itbusinessnet.com)

The combined treatment markedly caused more obvious changes of cell morphology, F-actin cytoskeleton damage and cell migration inhibition. (sxultrasonic.com)

This in turn attracts inflammatory cells that may be associated with malignant transformation but also with tumor regression. (lu.se)

S -alkylation → activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway → transcriptional activation → induction of phase 2 enzymes → activation of GSH metabolism → neuroprotection. (thieme-connect.com)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)

BACKGROUND: Natural Killer (NK) cells are a crucial component of the host innate immune system with anti-viral and anti-cancer properties. (fda.gov)

Protein draw out of 20 g from … In order to further validate the caspase-3 activation induced by T315, Doramapimod HL-60 cells were incubated with T315 for 24 h with or without pretreatment of 50 mol/T Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK), a pan-caspase inhibitor (Physique 3D). (exposed-skin-care.net)

Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)

However, direct injection of IL-2 has been shown to be accompanied by severe side effects, such as vascular leak syndrome, activation-induced cell death, and strong induction of regulatory CD4 pos T cells, which did not occur after IL-15 administration ( 15 , 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
8 Visanji J M, Thompson D G, Padfield P J. Induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by carnosol and carnosic acid is associated with alteration of cyclin A and cyclin B1 levels. (thieme-connect.com)

There is compelling clinical and experimental evidence to suggest that natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the recognition and eradication of tumors. (frontiersin.org)
Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
I am delighted that the Austrian government is supporting our latest clinical trial using the EPiC cell therapy platform to develop an innovative and potentially game-changing approach to treating solid tumors," said Peter Llewellyn-Davies, CEO of invIOs. (itbusinessnet.com)
The study further demonstrated that the EPiC platform represents a feasible approach for rapid local manufacturing of a Cbl-b silenced cell therapy, enabling out-patient treatment of patients with advanced solid tumors with vein-to-vein times of less than 24 hours. (itbusinessnet.com)
Another is SUSD4, which we recently showed to be bind and inhibit C1 and which we found on T cells infiltrating various solid tumors. (lu.se)

The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)

Treatment of YT cells with PMA for up to 20 h, which depleted PMA-responsive PKC isoforms, had no effect on the CD28- mediated cytotoxicity. (elsevierpure.com)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for X-linked ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency: case report and review of outcomes. (lu.se)

This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
Opinions are embraced and defended, but transfusion of red blood cells has not reliably demonstrated increased survival, other than in 2 specific populations, as follows: (1) those with active hemorrhage, and (2) those with active cardiac ischemia. (medscape.com)

Interestingly, high Sprouty2 levels are also found in malignant glioma cells. (springer.com)
With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)

These observations indicated that in humans Spirulina acts directly on myeloid lineages and either directly or indirectly on NK cells. (nih.gov)
Conclusions These studies provide the rationale for testing expanded natural killer cells in humans. (haematologica.org)

These assays have been used to determine the ability of T cells, NK cells, or any other immune cell to kill target cells in an antigen-specific or -nonspecific manner. (jove.com)

Acute rejection is mediated by T cells (versus B-cell-mediated hyperacute rejection). (wikipedia.org)
In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that stem cells can effectively treat acute liver failure. (springer.com)

This cytotoxicity displayed by PMA-treated YT cells, however, could still be inhibited by PI 3-kinase inhibitors and PKC inhibitors. (elsevierpure.com)
Activation of PI 3-kinase and PMA-nonresponsive PKC isoenzymes is shown to be involved directly in cytolytic granule release by YT cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Testosterone levels315, an integrin-linked kinase (ILK) inhibitor, provides been proven to suppress the growth of breasts cancers, abdomen chronic and tumor lymphocytic leukemia cells. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Anatomy35

Organisms11

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes49

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Vitro23

Receptors11

Proliferation8

Oxidative stress2

Induce cytotoxicity1

Cytokine3

Flow Cytometry1

Cytokines8

Cytotoxic13

Apoptosis10

Receptor4

Peripheral-blood5

Tumor cell4

Assay5

ADCC1

Vivo4

Complement9

Pathways2

Antioxidant3

Secretion1

K5624

Epithelial6

Endothelial cells3

Cellular8

Immunity4

20231

Dose-dependent3

Antibody5

Degranulation1

Concentrations6

Mammalian cells2

Inflammasome activation1

Spontaneous1

Responses4

Autologous1

Potential role of NK cells2

Metabolic5

Compounds2

Concentration4

Induces2

Antibodies1

Macrophages3

Involves3

Proteins4

Immune cells3

Inhibition1

Inflammatory1

Transcriptional1

Multiple myeloma1

Innate immune1

Caspase 3 activation1

Adoptive1

Induction2

Tumors5

Mechanisms1

Isoforms1

Stem Cell Transplant1

Survival2

Malignant2

Humans2

Antigen-specific1

Acute2

Kinase3