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In mice injected with human breast and ovarian cancer cells, fasting cycles promoted survival extension by protecting the mice from chemotherapy while causing a strong inhibition of tumor progression. (kingdomfasting.com)

It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Previous studies have confirmed that tumor immune inflammation is important in the tumor microenvironment ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, the LSCC microenvironment was identified as a strong Th17-cell inducer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)

While some patients experience spontaneous regression or differentiation of the tumor, others are affected by rapid and fatal tumor progression despite increasingly intensive treatment strategies [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, cycles of fasting for 2 days in the absence of other treatments are shown to delay the progression of several tumor types in mice and, in some cases, to be as effective as toxic chemotherapy drugs. (kingdomfasting.com)
However, the combination of fasting and chemotherapy was much more effective than either alone and delayed the progression of a variety of tumors, including breast cancer and glioma, reduced the number of organs affected by melanoma metastases, and promoted long-term cancer-free survival in up to 40% of mice with neuroblastomas. (kingdomfasting.com)
Cycles of starvation were as effective as chemotherapeutic agents in delaying progression of different tumors and increased the effectiveness of these drugs against melanoma, glioma, and breast cancer cells. (kingdomfasting.com)
Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
This study showed that SBRT can significantly reduce pain, effectively control local tumor progression, and have acceptable toxicity for patients with locoregional recurrence after radical resection of primary pancreatic cancer. (frontiersin.org)

In mouse models of neuroblastoma, fasting cycles plus chemotherapy drugs-but not either treatment alone-resulted in long-term cancer-free survival. (kingdomfasting.com)
And without exception, "the combination of fasting cycles plus chemotherapy was either more or much more effective than chemo alone," said senior author Valter Longo, professor of gerontology and biological sciences at the University of Southern California. (sciencedaily.com)

Ma Z, Gibson SL, Byrne MA, Zhang J, White MF and Shaw LM (2006) Suppression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) promotes mammary tumor metastasis. (scielo.br)
The tumor staging of the patients was performed in accordance with the American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node metastasis (TNM) classification ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Haider S, Knofler M. Human tumour necrosis factor: physiological and pathological roles in placenta and endometrium. (aaem.pl)

Onsrud M, Shabana A, Austgulen R, Nustad K. Comparison between soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors and CA125 in peritoneal fluids as a marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. (aaem.pl)
Opala T, Rzymski P, Wilczak M, Woźniak J. Evaluation of soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptors p55 and p75 in ovarian cancer patients. (aaem.pl)
In general, all women with malignant germ cell tumors will have the same staging surgery that is done for epithelial ovarian cancer. (cancer.org)

Hypoxia and genetic defects that chronically drive proliferation leave such tumors dependent on a steady supply of nutrients, especially glucose. (springer.com)
Also, our mutants induced proliferation, glucose uptake, inhibited the migration of 293T cells and affected the responsiveness of the cells to cisplatin and radiation. (scielo.br)
Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)

Interestingly, the 1p36 region is frequently deleted not only in NB, but also in other human cancer types, including those of neural, epithelial and hematopoietic origin, indicating that the same tumor suppressor genes might be involved in a broad range of human cancers [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As with epithelial ovarian cancers, it is a good idea to consult with a gynecologic oncologist for treating malignant germ cell tumors, especially because these are so uncommon. (cancer.org)

Considering this genetic defect and the frequent genomic alterations of the NBPF1 locus in several cancer types, we hypothesized that NBPF1 is a tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)

The growth of large tumor masses was reduced by multiple fasting and chemotherapy cycles, but cancer-free survival could not be achieved. (sciencedaily.com)

We review the possible roles for calorie restriction (CR) and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KDs) in modulating the five R's of radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic window between tumor control and normal tissue complication probability. (springer.com)
The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. (spandidos-publications.com)
In conclusion, Th17 cells have a substantial impact on the carcinogenesis of LSCCs, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the anti‑tumor response in these carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)

In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Olsson I, Gatanaga T, Gullberg U, Lantz M, Granger GA. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) binding proteins (soluble TNF receptor forms) with possible roles in inflammation and malignancy. (aaem.pl)
The mechanisms involve the proteins and DNA sequences inside cells. (wikipedia.org)
As these cells with limited functions are inefficient in performing body activities, they are programmed to self demolition under the presence of apoptotic signals, such as caspase proteins and Bcl-2 family regulation proteins. (wikipedia.org)
While normal cells deprived of nutrients enter a dormant state similar to hibernation, the researchers saw that the cancer cells tried to make new proteins and took other steps to keep growing and dividing. (sciencedaily.com)

Similarly, in 112 osteosarcomas who underwent exome or whole genome sequencing, another report found a median of 38 mutations per tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
2004) Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. (scielo.br)
Longo speculated that cells inside a large tumor may be protected in some way or that the variety of mutations in a large mass may make it more adaptable. (sciencedaily.com)

Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
Endometrial cancer invasion depends on cancer-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha and stromal derived hepatocyte growth factor. (aaem.pl)
The process also enables cells to proceed to senescence, which are further stages of cell life and growth. (wikipedia.org)
This is to ensure that these cells continue dividing for body growth or reproduction. (wikipedia.org)
The stoppage of exponential growth in cells also avoids cell growth diseases, such as tumours or cancer, from occurring in organism bodies. (wikipedia.org)
The study in Science Translational Medicine , part of the Science family of journals, found that five out of eight cancer types in mice responded to fasting alone: Just as with chemotherapy, fasting slowed the growth and spread of tumors. (sciencedaily.com)
In mice, the study found that fasting cycles without chemotherapy could slow the growth of breast cancer, melanoma, glioma and human neuroblastoma. (sciencedaily.com)
For all cancers tested, fasting combined with chemotherapy improved survival, slowed tumor growth and/or limited the spread of tumors. (sciencedaily.com)

In the case of melanoma, the cancer cells became resistant to fasting alone after a single round, but the single cycle of fasting was as effective as chemotherapy in reducing the spread of cancer to other organs. (sciencedaily.com)

Additionally, forced expression of NBPF1 in two p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines also resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest and CDKN1A upregulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Although clinical trials testing the effect of fasting in cancer treatment are still in the early stages, they suggest that fasting cycles may boost the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and could be as effective as chemotherapy drugs in the killing of specific tumor cells. (kingdomfasting.com)
In several cases, the fasting cycles were as effective as chemotherapy. (sciencedaily.com)

Distinct roles of the two tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors in modulating TNF and lymphotoxin alpha effects. (aaem.pl)
Aderka D, Engelmann H, Maor Y, Brakebusch C, Wallach D. Stabilization of the bioactivity of tumor necrosis factor by its soluble receptors. (aaem.pl)
The prevalence of Th17 cells and their receptors in patients with LSCC was studied using immunohistochemical analysis via tissue microarray technology. (spandidos-publications.com)

In some cells, such as germ cells, stem cells and white blood cells, the withdrawal process do not occur. (wikipedia.org)
Women with benign (non-cancerous) germ cell tumors such as mature teratomas (dermoid cysts) are cured by removing the part of the ovary that has the tumor (ovarian cystectomy) or by removing the entire ovary. (cancer.org)
About 2-3% of all ovarian cancers are germ cell tumors. (cancer.org)
Most types and stages of germ cell cancers of the ovary are treated the same way, with surgery and chemotherapy (chemo). (cancer.org)
Most women with germ cell cancer will need to be treated with combination chemo for at least 3 cycles. (cancer.org)
Germ cell cancers can raise blood levels of the tumor markers human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). (cancer.org)

The permanent cell cycle withdrawal is mainly done by the wearing off of DNA sequences during S Phase, the second stage during a DNA replication progress. (wikipedia.org)

Experiments in simple organisms, human cells, and mice indicated that these effects of fasting were caused by changes inside and outside cells that increased the death of tumor but not normal cells, a process termed differential stress sensitization. (kingdomfasting.com)

The withdrawal process also prevents diseased cells, or cells with mutated or damaged DNA, from continuing to divide and increasing the percentage of abnormal cells inside the body. (wikipedia.org)

The morphological characteristics of these cells and immunohistochemical staining suggested that the coordinated events occurred in gap junction-coupled precursor cells. (jneurosci.org)

Metz H, Busch SE, Hanke ML, Kargl J, Kim KH and Houghton M (2014) Insulin receptor substrate-1 regulates immune cell content in lung adenocarcinoma. (scielo.br)
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + T cells are essential organizers of cell-mediated immunity, participating in each stage of the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)

Red blood cells, for example, do not contain genetic material when mature, and hence will not carry out cell cycle or its withdrawal. (wikipedia.org)

By contrast, a limited exposure to a severely restricted diet (short-term starvation or fasting) can protect yeast, mammalian cells, mice, and possibly patients from the toxic effects of oxidative and chemotherapeutic agents without causing chronic weight loss (10-14). (kingdomfasting.com)
We sequenced the coding regions surrounding YXXM motifs of IRS1 using tumor samples of 42 NSCLC patients and 40 matching controls and found heterozygote p.S668T mutation in nine of 42 samples and four of nine also had the p.D674H mutation. (scielo.br)
2004) Akt phosphorylation and gefitinib efficacy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. (scielo.br)
The results revealed that the prevalence of Th17 cells in patients with LSCC was elevated in their primary tumors, as well as in peripheral blood, compared with that in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study revealed that patients with LSCC have elevated levels of Th17 cells in their primary tumors and peripheral blood compared with those in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
A total of 70 tumors and 70 adjacent control tissues (pathologically confirmed normal mucosa) were obtained from patients with LSCC undergoing surgery. (spandidos-publications.com)
SBRT combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer can effectively control local tumors and alleviate local symptoms, prolong the overall survival of patients, and has tolerable toxicity ( 16 - 19 ). (frontiersin.org)
In a case report study with self-reported data published in the journal Aging in 2010, 10 cancer patients who tried fasting cycles perceived fewer side effects from chemotherapy. (sciencedaily.com)
[ 2 ] Options for second-line therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory disease include chemotherapy-free regimens with biologic targeted agents such as covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, lenalidomide,venetoclax, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (medscape.com)

New study finds that short fasting cycles can work as well as chemotherapy, and the two combined greatly improve survival. (sciencedaily.com)

In organisms, cells do not divide endlessly. (wikipedia.org)
This is to prevent the stopping of cell division in eukaryotic organisms, or even withdrawing from the basic reproduction procedures of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)

The patient was referred to the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Moores Cancer Center Molecular Tumor Board (MTB). (biomedcentral.com)

Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

When imaging near the ventricular surface, synchronous spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i increases were frequently observed in pairs of adjacent cells. (jneurosci.org)

These studies suggest that multiple cycles of fasting promote differential stress sensitization in a wide range of tumors and could potentially replace or augment the efficacy of certain chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of various cancers. (kingdomfasting.com)
Even fasting on its own effectively treated a majority of cancers tested in animals, including cancers from human cells. (sciencedaily.com)

Glial cells are primarily produced in a second germinal zone, the subventricular zone that is located superficially to the VZ. (jneurosci.org)
Glial cell production increases as neurogenesis declines, peaking during the early postnatal period ( Bayer and Altman, 1991 ). (jneurosci.org)
The best available evidence suggests that glioblastomas originate from cells that give rise to glial cells. (bmj.com)

For example, multiple cycles of fasting combined with chemotherapy cured 20 percent of mice with a highly aggressive type of children's cancer that had spread throughout the organism and 40 percent of mice with a more limited spread of the same cancer. (sciencedaily.com)

Lung cancer is divided into two major groups: non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (scielo.br)

Certain mechanisms are present to prevent cells from indefinite division, which is mostly done by programmed failure in DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)

During the process, all cell duplication process, including mitosis, meiosis as well as DNA replication, will be paused. (wikipedia.org)
When cells pass from S to G 2 , the nuclei migrate toward the VZ surface where mitosis occurs. (jneurosci.org)
After mitosis, daughter cells can either remain proliferative and re-enter the cell cycle or become terminally postmitotic and migrate out of the VZ ( McConnell, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)

Eight women aged 20-22 with regular menstrual cycles were scheduled for examination on 3rd, 8th, 14th and 25th day of their menstrual cycle. (aaem.pl)

Lung lesion resection confirmed osteosarcoma, and was followed by adriamycin and cisplatin and later adriamycin and ifosfamide administration (total = 6 cycles). (biomedcentral.com)

This stoppage could be permanent or temporary, and could occur in any one of the four cycle phases (G1, S, G2 and M), depending on the status of cells or the activities they are undergoing. (wikipedia.org)

It can further allow these cells to stop their functions and differentiations to undergo a programmed cell death process called apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the withdrawal process could allow cells to encounter further parts of their cell life, namely senescence and natural apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
In 4T1 breast cancer cells, short-term starvation resulted in increased phosphorylation of the stress-sensitizing Akt and S6 kinases, increased oxidative stress, caspase-3 cleavage, DNA damage, and apoptosis. (kingdomfasting.com)

During this time, precursor cells undergo interkinetic nuclear migration ( Seymour and Berry, 1975 ) in which cells in the DNA synthetic S phase have their nuclei in the upper third of the VZ. (jneurosci.org)

Chegini N. An inverse relation between the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-alpha receptor in human endometrium. (aaem.pl)

The patient's tumor showed 68% reduction in positron emission tomography (PET) avidity, lasting 31 months after therapy initiation, when a solitary recurrence occurred, was resected, and treatment continued. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that treatment with starvation conditions sensitized yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expressing the oncogene-like RAS2val19 to oxidative stress and 15 of 17 mammalian cancer cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents. (kingdomfasting.com)
If the blood levels of these are high before treatment starts, they are rechecked during chemo (usually before each cycle). (cancer.org)
Treatment selection takes into account patient age, fitness, and whether autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is planned. (medscape.com)

Although spontaneous changes of [Ca 2+ ] i have been examined in immature cortical neurons, the calcium dynamics of cortical precursor cells have received less attention. (jneurosci.org)
Using an intact cortical mantle and confocal laser microscopy, we examined the spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i fluctuations in neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) cells in situ . (jneurosci.org)
A third and infrequently encountered pattern of activity consisted of coordinated spontaneous increases in [Ca 2+ ] i in groups of neighboring VZ cells. (jneurosci.org)
These results demonstrate distinct patterns of spontaneous [Ca 2+ ] i change in cortical precursor cells and raise the possibility that these dynamics may contribute to the regulation of neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder derived from a subset of naive pregerminal center cells localized in primary follicles or in the mantle region of secondary follicles. (medscape.com)
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is recognized in the Revised European-American Lymphoma and World Health Organization classifications as a distinct clinicopathologic entity. (medscape.com)

However, CDKN1A upregulation by NBPF1 was not observed in the DLD1 cells, which demonstrates that NBPF1 exerts cell-specific effects. (biomedcentral.com)

We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
LC-MS/MS analysis was used to investigate the proteome of DLD1 colon cancer cells with induced NBPF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and young adults. (biomedcentral.com)
Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumour. (bmj.com)

NB tumors are derived from the sympathetic nervous system and account for approximately 15% of cancer deaths in children [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, it is not known whether DR would also protect cancer cells from chemotherapy. (kingdomfasting.com)
Man may not live by bread alone, but cancer in animals appears less resilient, according to a study that found chemotherapy drugs work better when combined with cycles of short, severe fasting. (sciencedaily.com)
The result, Longo said, was a "cascade of events" that led to the creation of damaging free radical molecules, which broke down the cancer cells' own DNA and caused their destruction. (sciencedaily.com)
What we're seeing is that the cancer cell tries to compensate for the lack of all these things missing in the blood after fasting. (sciencedaily.com)

The effects of NBPF1 on the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
Short-term starvation (or fasting) protects normal cells, mice, and potentially humans from the harmful side effects of a variety of chemotherapy drugs. (kingdomfasting.com)
Considering these facts, it could be concluded that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells may have extensive effects on LSCC pathogenesis and anti-tumor response. (spandidos-publications.com)

5) increasing the intrinsic radioresistance of normal cells through ketone bodies but decreasing that of tumor cells by targeting glycolysis. (springer.com)

Cellular morphology, time-lapse imaging, and nuclear staining demonstrated that this activity occurred in mitotically active cells. (jneurosci.org)
The cell is, in fact, committing cellular suicide. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms12

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs90

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Inhibition of tumor1

Microenvironment4

Progression6

Fasting cycles plus chemotherapy2

Metastasis2

Pathological1

Ovarian cancer3

Proliferation3

Epithelial2

Genomic1

Chemotherapy cycles1

Therapeutic3

Proteins6

Mutations3

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Melanoma1

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Effective as chemotherapy2

Receptors3

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Molecular1

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Multiple cycles1

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Cisplatin1

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Undergo1

Human1

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