Cell cycle regulation intracellular cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)
Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
TRAP1 is a HSP90 molecular chaperone upregulated in colorectal carcinomas and involved in control of intracellular signaling, cell cycle, apoptosis and drug resistance, stemness and bioenergetics through co-traslational regulation of a network of client proteins. (oncotarget.com)
Cell death and stem cells: apoptosis, necrosis, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells. (pmf.hr)
14. To describe mayor signs of controlled cell death (apoptosis). (pmf.hr)
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, repsonse to DNA damage, metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy. (thermofisher.com)
Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to determine if VALD-3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and Annexin V/PI staining was performed to quantify the percentages of apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
Enhanced apoptosis was correlated with loss of pro-survival factors (XIAP, bcl-2, bcl-xL), expression of pro-apoptotic markers (caspases 3/7, PARP cleavage) and enhanced cell cycle regulators p21 and p27. (biomedcentral.com)
In cisplatin-resistant cell lines, BT potentiated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity at most drug ratios via enhanced ROS generation and modulation of key regulators of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)
In-depth study of small non-coding RNA molecules confirmed that microRNA (miR) has an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and development processes ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, since the developmental defects observed in Bat3-null mouse embryos cannot be explained solely by defects in apoptosis, we investigated whether BAT3 is also involved in cell-cycle progression. (duke.edu)
In other situations the response is cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death (apoptosis), providing a barrier to further tumour development that the tumour may ultimately circumvent through the acquisition of a mutation in one of the genes within the stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
The common themes include regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, cell cycle and apoptosis, cell polarity and migration, cell-cell interactions, pattern formation and organ development. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)

The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
During her postdoctoral work at Stanford Medical School, she demonstrated that bacteria can localize regulatory proteins to specific intracellular regions to control signal transduction and the cell cycle, uncovering a new, unsuspected level of bacterial regulation. (stanford.edu)
Microtubules (kinesin, dynein and intracellular transport, dynamics of microtubules and motor proteins). (pmf.hr)
Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
Animal cell technology is an area of rapid expansion and one that produces a wide range of high-value products, including vaccines, recombinant proteins, drugs for cardiovascular, respiratory and immune diseases, and monoclonal antibodies. (imperial.ac.uk)
Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated by Western blotting. (researchsquare.com)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
The proteasome functions as an ATP-dependent degradation of intracellular proteins, and its specificity depends on interactions only with the proteins that are labelled by polyubiquitin chain or contain a specific amino acid sequence. (protheragen.com)
In malignant cells, UPP is often overexpressed due to excessive degradation needs caused by too many misfolded proteins. (protheragen.com)
Some Example Projects: Regulation of HDM2 and HDMX proteins The HDM2 oncoprotein is the major negative regulator of p53 function in the cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
A few areas of interest are - regulation of transcription factors, DNA repair mechanisms, protein folding and mis-folding, intrinsically disordered proteins, enzyme catalysis and protein engineering. (iitkgp.ac.in)

2009). Evidence of similarities in the redox control of cell proliferation in animals and plants are provided, particularly glutathione recruitment into the nucleus early in the cell proliferation, which appears to be important in the control of progression through the cell cycle in both kingdoms. (cam.ac.uk)
Given the strong link between the regulation of some of these genes and the growth and dissemination of gastrointestinal cancers, we believe their aberrant expression in UC may provide a mechanism for epithelial hyper-proliferation and, in the context of malignant transformation, for tumour growth. (bmj.com)
More than a decade later, sustained proliferation was still considered as, arguably, the main feature of cancer cells [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
Functional loss of p16 may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
An MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Under in vitro conditions, changes in the proliferation and invasion ability were detected in myeloma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Multiple myeloma is a B-cell-dependent hematological malignancy caused by excessive clonal proliferation of terminally differentiated plasma cells in bone marrow. (protheragen.com)
We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)

This editorial highlights the relevance of interfering in cancer cell progression through the pharmacological manipulation on the cell metabolism of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP, and on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which may avail the reduction of toxic effects promoted by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, thus decreasing the incidence of interruption in antitumoral treatment. (researchgate.net)
Two fundamentals aspects of cell behaviour any model must include are metabolism and the cell cycle. (imperial.ac.uk)
The population balance framework is used to capture cell cycle effects while a single-cell model takes account of some features of intracellular metabolism. (imperial.ac.uk)
This work also identified two other loci associated with an increased risk of sCJD, in STX6 ( rs3747957) and GAL3ST1 (rs2267161) genes, indicating intracellular trafficking and sphingolipid metabolism as probable triggering mechanisms and corroborating the likely shared molecular dysregulation with other prion-like disorders [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The proteasome plays an important role in the ubiquitin-protein pathway (UPP), which is a key pathway for intracellular protein degradation, regulation of antigen presentation, cell cycle, NF-kB metabolism, etc. (protheragen.com)
CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)

We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
HNK controls various intracellular signaling pathways involved in cancer, including those related to nuclear factor kappa B (NF- B), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Alteration of signalling pathways regulating cell cycle progression is a common feature of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The results highlight a different functional impairment, with VV2 associated with higher impairment of the pathways related to dopamine secretion, regulation of calcium release and GABA signaling, showing some similarities with Parkinson's disease both on a genomic and a transcriptomic level. (biomedcentral.com)
FHND91 is 100% converted in aqueous solution to active molecules and results in tumor cell death through endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent and mitochondria-mediated pathways. (protheragen.com)
In single celled organisms these pathways are generally involved in ensuring the survival and replication of the individual cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
Stress-response pathways play a key role in the patho-physiology and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.At almost every stage of the development of a tumour, cells are exposed to some form of stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
Many current and prospective treatments for cancer work by either inhibiting, or re-activating stress response pathways.Our work focuses on the role of regulators of gene transcription in the response of cancer cells to stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
A particular interest of our work has been how HDM2 and HDMX protein synthesis is controlled in response to cell-signalling pathways in different cell types, and how this affects p53 function in these cells. (southampton.ac.uk)

Cell division control protein 6 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC6 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The subcellular translocation of this protein during the cell cycle is regulated through its phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinases. (wikipedia.org)
Cell cycle regulation of human CDC6 protein. (wikipedia.org)
The intersection between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the HNK-targets was determined using a Venn diagram, and the results were analyzed using a protein-protein interaction network, hub gene selection, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, genetic alteration analysis, survival rate, and immune cell infiltration levels. (hindawi.com)
It is essential in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to low nutrients mediates the inhibitory effect on skeletal myoblast differentiation which also involves 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). (thermofisher.com)
Cell Signalling Technology is dedicated to providing innovative research tools that are used to help define mechanisms underlying cell function and disease, and has a database of pathway maps focusing on protein_complex signalling. (smpdb.ca)
It also provides genetic information for disease states associated with dysfunction in protein_complex based regulation of cellular processes. (smpdb.ca)
3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
Functional annotation clustering showed that they belong to cell cycle, organelle or nuclear lumen, protein transport, and DNA binding and repair clusters. (molvis.org)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Abnormal myeloma cells produce a mutated form of immunoglobulin protein called M-protein, which accumulates in tissues and blood vessels. (protheragen.com)
The characteristic features of myeloma include increased plasma cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary sites, elevated monoclonal M-protein in serum and urine, osteolytic bone lesions, renal insufficiency, anemia, and immunodeficiency. (protheragen.com)
Our findings indicate that in Bat3-knockdown cells, p21 continues to be synthesized during cell-cycle phases that do not normally require p21, resulting in p21 protein accumulation and a subsequent delay in cell-cycle progression. (duke.edu)
By maintaining a low p21 protein level during the G1/S transition, BAT3 counteracts the inhibitory effect of p21 on DNA replication and thus enables the cells to progress from G1 to S phase. (duke.edu)
As at the G 1 checkpoint, cell size and protein reserves are assessed. (openstax.org)
Specifically, we apply multi-part stochastic models to the study of IMT data, develop and test procedures for performing maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters, explain how the random variables associated with the model can be linked to intracellular protein concentrations, and analyze IMT variability within our model framework. (mtsu.edu)
The most useful tests to diagnose hepatitis include laboratory evaluation of urine bilirubin and urobilinogen, total and direct serum bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), prothrombin time (PT), total protein, albumin, complete blood cell (CBC) count, and in severe cases, serum ammonia. (medscape.com)
Here, we introduce a powerful new technique, fast field-cycling magnetic relaxation dispersion, for investigating crowding effects on protein self-association equilibria. (lu.se)
More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)

Nerve cells: signal transduction (action potential), neurotransmitters and receptors. (pmf.hr)
16. To explain molecular mechanisms involved in signal transduction in nerve cells. (pmf.hr)

We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
In addition, both extracts of black nightshade inhibited the viability of human hepatoma HepG2 cells, and these effects were associated with the extent of inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway, an intracellular signaling pathway important in the regulation of the cell cycle. (naturalcures.news)
With these results, the research team concluded that black nightshade can stop tumor growth and angiogenesis by downregulating the AKT/mTOR pathway in HUVECs and HepG2 cells. (naturalcures.news)
In some circumstances, the activation of a stress-response pathway will actually help the tumour cell to survive and proliferate. (southampton.ac.uk)
In the late 1990s work from a number of groups, including Blaydes et al , demonstrated that HDM2 could be targeted in cancer cells to re-activate the p53 stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)

When activated, these different signaling networks result in varying cell fate decisions such as cell growth, division, differentiation, and cell death. (mtsu.edu)
Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)

Cellular redox homeostasis is considered to play an important role in the regulation of the plant cell cycle but there is little information on the precise functions of key redox metabolites such as ascorbate, glutathione and pyridine nucleotides in this process. (cam.ac.uk)
MSH maintains the intracellular redox homeostasis, allowing the appropriate working of many biological processes, counting enzyme activation, DNA synthesis, and cell-cycle regulation. (encyclopedia.pub)

Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
Cell Biochemistry & Function publishes original research articles and reviews on the mechanisms whereby molecular and biochemical processes control cellular activity with a particular emphasis on the integration of molecular and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology in the regulation of tissue function in health and disease . (wiley.com)
Discussions of development at the cellular level, inter- and intra-cellular signaling, and regulation of the cell cycle. (csuohio.edu)
Examples include exposure to toxic compounds or radiation, loss of contact with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), acidic pH, the activation of oncogenes, induction of cellular senescence, oxidative damage or depletion of essential metabolites. (southampton.ac.uk)
The term Langerhans cell histiocytosis is generally preferred to the older term, histiocytosis X. This newer name emphasizes the histogenesis of the condition by specifying the type of lesional cell and removes the connotation of the unknown ("X") because its cellular basis has now been clarified. (medscape.com)
Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
Therefore, in addition to epidermal Langerhans cells, other potential cellular origins for LCH include dermal langerin + dendritic cells, lymphoid tissue-resident langerin + dendritic cells, and monocytes that can be induced by local environmental stimuli to acquire a Langerhans cell phenotype. (medscape.com)
not unique for the embryonic system but are shared by other ogenesis regulation must consider different scales of multi-cellular modeling areas. (lu.se)

Over the years, her group made major contributions in the emerging field of bacterial cell biology and provided key molecular insights into the temporal and spatial mechanisms involved in cell morphogenesis, cell polarization, chromosome segregation and cell cycle control. (stanford.edu)
For her distinguished work, she received the Pew Scholars award from the Pew Charitable Trust, the Woman in Cell Biology Junior award from the American Society of Cell Biology and the Eli Lilly award from the American Society of Microbiology. (stanford.edu)
The primary remit of the journal is on mammalian biology both in vivo and in vitro but studies on the biochemistry and function of cells in situ are especially encouraged . (wiley.com)
In-depth models can be utilised as tools in predictive cell biology. (imperial.ac.uk)
It is clear that the biological behaviour of cells is of such complexity that any model, to be robustly predictive, must be sufficiently structured and detailed in terms of the captured biology. (imperial.ac.uk)
Molecular biology studies are supported by strong research and training programs in cell biology, developmental biology and genetics. (iitkgp.ac.in)

Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Therefore, the identification of mechanisms underlying the regulation of the malignant behavior of MM and key genes in disease progression has the greatest significance for the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies and improvement of the prognosis in patients. (spandidos-publications.com)

Downregulation of PI3K-C2β delays mitosis progression in PC3 and HeLa cells, resulting in reduced ability to form colonies in clonogenic assays in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
Finally, we showed that BAT3 co-localizes with p21 during the cell cycle and is required for the translocation of p21 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during the G1/S transition and G2/M progression. (duke.edu)
A checkpoint is one of several points in the eukaryotic cell cycle at which the progression of a cell to the next stage in the cycle can be halted until conditions are favorable. (openstax.org)

Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G 0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. (openstax.org)

In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous studies have indicated that cancer cells rely heavily on proteasomes to meet the demand for turnover and are therefore more sensitive to proteasomal inhibition than normal cells. (protheragen.com)
Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. (openstax.org)

She is interested in understanding the fundamental mechanisms and principles by which cells, and, in particular, bacterial cells, are able to multiple. (stanford.edu)
Current research examines the general principles and spatiotemporal mechanisms by which bacterial cells replicate, using Caulobacter crescentus and Escherichia coli as models. (stanford.edu)
However, the molecular mechanisms of action of HNK in BCSCs, as well as its effects on the cell cycle, remain unclear. (hindawi.com)
This study aimed to explore the potential targets and molecular mechanisms of HNK on metastatic BCSC (mBCSC)-cell cycle arrest and the impact of the TME. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell. (openstax.org)
If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. (openstax.org)
of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)

It localizes in the cell nucleus during cell cycle phase G1, but translocates to the cytoplasm at the start of S phase. (wikipedia.org)
GSH accumulation in the nucleus is triggered in Arabidopsis cells in culture by treatments that synchronize cells at G1/S as identified by flow cytometry and marker transcripts. (cam.ac.uk)
Proteasome is a multicatalytic protease complex that widely exists in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. (protheragen.com)
BAT3 modulates these pro- and anti-proliferative roles of p21 at least in part by regulating cyclin A abundance, as well as p21 translocation between the cytoplasm and the nucleus to ensure that it functions in the appropriate intracellular compartment during each phase of the cell cycle. (duke.edu)

Regulation of the cell cycle: mitosis, meiosis. (pmf.hr)

Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
Here we investigated its role in the α-Proteobacterium Brucella abortus, a zoonotic intracellular pathogen. (unamur.be)

Several drugs targeting distinct phases of the cell cycle have been developed but the inability of many of them to discriminate between normal and cancer cells has strongly limited their clinical potential because of their reduced efficacy at the concentrations used to limit adverse side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Stable and transient PI3K-C2β downregulation potentiates the effect of low concentrations of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
The efficacy of the BT-cisplatin combination depends upon the cell type and concentrations of cisplatin and BT. (biomedcentral.com)
In cisplatin-sensitive cell lines, BT and cisplatin were mostly antagonistic except when used at low concentrations, where synergy was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, in cisplatin-resistant cells, BT-cisplatin combination treatment displayed synergistic effects at most of the drug ratios/concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

Autophagy is a process of intracellular catabolism. (hindawi.com)

is known to exert anticancer effects, such as inducing cell cycle arrest, inhibiting metastasis, and overcoming immunotherapy resistance in breast cancer cells. (hindawi.com)

The significance of loss of GCC ligands early in intestinal tumorigenesis remains obscure because (patho)physiological roles of GCC signaling in intestine, beyond regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, are poorly defined. (jefferson.edu)

Although bone marrow fibrosis is seen in a variety of malignant and non-malignant disease states, the deposition of reticulin and collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis is believed to be mediated by the myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, contributing to an impaired microenvironment favoring malignant over normal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative therapeutic approach that reliably results in resolution of bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelofibrosis. (haematologica.org)
3 Myelofibrosis (MF) refers to the Philadelphia chromosome ( BCR-ABL1 )-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) originating at the level of the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell. (haematologica.org)
Although treatment strategies changed from traditional chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to novel targeted drug therapy, the outcome was not improved ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of malignant plasma cell and has a high incidence in malignant tumors of the blood system, accounting for ~2% of the total mortality of cancer ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)

9. To describe molecules and processes involved in the movement and orientation of the cells. (pmf.hr)
11. To list molecules involved in communication and adhesion of metazoan,s cells. (pmf.hr)

Finally, the interaction between HNK and two HNK-targets regulating the cell cycle was analyzed using molecular docking analysis. (hindawi.com)
Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)

Despite no evidence of global population structure, we found a suite of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tightly correlated with local pH variability (outlier SNPs), which were overrepresented in regions putatively involved in gene regulation (long noncoding RNA and enhancers), supporting the idea that variation in regulatory regions is important for local adaptation to variability. (bvsalud.org)
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2) gene regulation by miR-21 on the occurrence, development and tumor metastasis in multiple myeloma (MM). The miR‑21 expression lentiviral vector (LV)‑anti‑miR‑21 and a liposome transfection method were used to screen MM cell lines with stable silent SPRY2. (spandidos-publications.com)

Models of animal cell culture systems have a wide range of potential applications, such as analysis and prediction of experimental results, optimisation of culture conditions for prolonged viability, and perhaps most importantly, the investigation of fundamental metabolic processes and their subsequent elucidation. (imperial.ac.uk)
The integration of these three research tools represents a unique, novel, and interdisciplinary approach to addressing the complicated research and industrial problem of model-based control and optimisation of mammalian cell culture processes. (imperial.ac.uk)

Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)

MSH biosynthesis and regulation in actinomycetes. (encyclopedia.pub)

cell signaling: hormones and their receptors, growth factors. (pmf.hr)
Dietary sugars trigger the production of insulin or insulin-like peptides which are sensed by Insulin receptors at the cell surface and initiate a kinase cascade, leading to the activation of the downstream kinase Akt (PKB), the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the cell surface, and ultimately glucose uptake. (biomedcentral.com)

20. To explain hallmarks of cancer cells- to describe mayor steps in metastasis. (pmf.hr)
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) play a critical role in chemoresistance, metastasis, and poor prognosis of breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
Chemoresistance, or the insensitivity of cancer cells to drug therapy, is a major factor in the failure of chemotherapy against breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are one of the main factors driving chemoresistance, thereby contributing to poor prognosis and clinical outcomes [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, data indicate that blockade of PI3K-C2β might represent a novel strategy to potentiate the effect of docetaxel on cancer cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability of cancer cells to sustain proliferative signals was the first of six hallmarks of cancer that were described in a seminal review attempting to rationalise the complexity of neoplastic disease [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
Low doses of BT and cisplatin enhanced efficiency of cisplatin treatment in all the ovarian cancer cell lines tested. (biomedcentral.com)
In another study, researchers from China investigated the ability of black nightshade polysaccharides to suppress the growth of liver cancer cells in mice. (naturalcures.news)
Their findings suggested that black nightshade polysaccharides can inhibit the growth of tumors in mice by inducing programmed cancer cell death. (naturalcures.news)
Published in the Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics , the results suggested that black nightshade can inhibit tumor growth and boost immunity in the liver by regulating caspase-3 and bcl-2, subsequently leading to cancer cell death. (naturalcures.news)
We have undertaken a series of projects examining how HDM2, and its paralogue HDMX is regulated in cancer cells (see Phillips et al, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006a, 2006b and Phelps et al 2005, 2003). (southampton.ac.uk)
On the other hand, the infiltration of organs by a monoclonal population of aberrant cells, the possibility of lethal evolution, and the cancer-based modalities of successful treatment are all consistent with a neoplastic process. (medscape.com)

The ISL IVR was found to be safe and well tolerated in the macaques with no observed mucosal cytokine changes or alterations in peripheral CD4 T-cell populations. (cdc.gov)

10. To differentiate phases of the cell cycle and to explain how cell cycle is controlled. (pmf.hr)

Multicellularity: cell-cell interactions, interactions of cells with cell matrix, embryogenesis, formation of organs and tissue organization. (pmf.hr)
These effects were partially mediated through enhanced TGF-β signaling, which contributes to tissue fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells. (jci.org)

The identified potential therapeutic targets of HNK (PTTH) included CCND1 , SIRT2 , AURKB , VEGFA , HDAC1 , CASP9 , HSP90AA1 , and HSP90AB1 , which can potentially inhibit the cell cycle of mBCSCs. (hindawi.com)
A lack of HGH can inhibit cell division, resulting in dwarfism, whereas too much HGH can result in gigantism. (openstax.org)
Crowding of cells can also inhibit cell division. (openstax.org)

Daneshpajooh M, Bacos K, Bysani M, Bagge A, Ottosson Laakso E, Vikman P, Eliasson L, Mulder H, Ling C. HDAC7 is overexpressed in human diabetic islets and impairs insulin secretion in rat islets and clonal beta cells. (lu.se)

In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)

Our research programme sets out to integrate modelling, experiment design and validation, and control and optimisation into a single framework that would lead to increased productivity, regulated product quality, and reduced costs for mammalian cell culture systems. (imperial.ac.uk)
Current understanding of mammalian cell cultures lies in the association of their metabolic behaviour to their antibody production output. (imperial.ac.uk)
The mammalian cell can be thought of as an information processing unit, much like a computer. (mtsu.edu)

ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)
Both extracts of black nightshade also inhibited the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced capillary structure formation of endothelial cells. (naturalcures.news)
In human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), water and polyphenol extracts of black nightshade suppressed the VEGF-induced activation of AKT and mTOR. (naturalcures.news)

Compared to control cells, PC3 cells lacking PI3K-C2β form smaller and more compact colonies in vitro and they form tumours more slowly in vivo in the first weeks after cells implant. (biomedcentral.com)

Studies indicate that there are diverse plant developmental systems and a consortium of plant cell culture models being analyzed by different research centers. (essaywriter.org)

For example, in a population of homogeneous cells, the time between two successive mitotic events (cell divisons), or intermitotic time (IMT), is subject to considerable, seemingly random, variation. (mtsu.edu)

The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)

12. To explain the nature of stem cells. (pmf.hr)
13. To describe and understand how differentiated cells could be induced to form pluripotent stem cells. (pmf.hr)

Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)

Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
interactions between cells. (lu.se)
multicellular interactions, including intracellular and Addresses intercellular biochemical signaling. (lu.se)

A scratch test/wound healing assay was used to detect the cell migration ability. (spandidos-publications.com)

Ford C , 2023 , 'Cell-free DNA in plasma and ascites as a biomarker of bevacizumab response: A translational sub-study of the REZOLVE (ANZGOG-1101) clinical trial. (edu.au)

The relationships between the intracellular glutathione pools, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activities and the abundance of PARP1 and PARP2 mRNAs, will be discussed in terms of the regulation of growth and defence. (cam.ac.uk)

Our results establish a previously unreported SBD entity (craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type) and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of BMP signaling and bone formation. (nature.com)

13] The inflammation and necrosis observed during HAV infection does not appear to be a direct viral effect but rather an effect of the immune cell response induced by the viral infection. (medscape.com)
The resulting inflammatory response leads to hepatitis and necrosis and appears to be T-cell mediated. (medscape.com)

Cell Biochemistry and Function currently does not publish research in specific areas that are better served by specialist journals. (wiley.com)
Cell Biochemistry & Function also discourages submission of research based exclusively on analysis of publically available transcriptomic and proteomic datasets, although the acceptability of specific manuscripts in this particular area can be discussed with the Editor-in-Chief. (wiley.com)

There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)

It is a common mechanism that exists in the development and aging of organisms to eliminate redundant or damaged intracellular organelles. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy22

Organisms15

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Apoptosis21

Proteins13

Proliferation14

Metabolism6

Pathways11

Protein20

Signal transduction2

Pathway6

Differentiation2

Redox homeostasis2

Cellular8

Biology6

Genes4

Progression4

Epithelial cells2

Inhibition3

Mechanisms8

Nucleus4

Mitosis1

Pathogen2

Concentrations5

Autophagy1

Inducing cell cycle arrest1

Homeostasis1

Hematopoietic5

Malignant2

Molecules2

Interaction2

Gene regulation2

Processes2

Compartment1

Biosynthesis1

Receptors2

Cancer14

Populations1

Phases of the cell cycle1

Tissue2

Inhibit3

Secretion1

Progenitor1

Mammalian cell3

Endothelial cells3

Vitro1

Developmental1

Mitotic1

Dependent1

Stem cells2

Microenvironment1

Interactions3

Migration1

Translational1

PARP1

Bone1

Necrosis2

Biochemistry2

Analyze1

Organelles1