DifferentiationMutationInducesProgenitorSurvivalGenesMetabolismHematopoietic stemMitoticMutationsMitochondrial membrane potentialPathwaysTherapeuticProteinArrestBreast cancerMediateGlioblastomaEpithelialBiologyCharacteristicsIntracellularSelf-renewalUndergoNecrosisVitroRegulatesAdult stemMitochondriaEmbryonic stemTumor formationBone marrow hematopoieticVascularSenescenceRenal Cell CarcMalignantTumorigenesisSenescent cellsDefectsDevelopment and progressionMiceGene expressionMetastasisDifferentiateOncogeneVivoPluripotentRegulatorsResistanceGrowthSquamous cell carcinomaPathwayInvasionNeural stemAcute myeloidInvolvesCancer cellStromal
Differentiation24
- microRNAs have emerged as master regulators of stem cell lineage differentiation and angiogenesis [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
- An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- To date, RUNX2 has been involved in diverse physiological processes, including osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, chondrocyte hypertrophy, immunomodulation, vascular invasion and endothelial cell migration via modulating a variety of signaling cascades (e.g. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
- There is clonal proliferation of malignant hematopoietic stem cells, dysregulated cellular differentiation, and compromised tissue function. (standardofcare.com)
- Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
- RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
- These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
- STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
- CSCs take charge of a cancer hierarchy, harboring stem cell-like properties involving self-renewal and aberrant differentiation potential. (bmbreports.org)
- Intro Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) from human being cord bloodstream constitute a uncommon CD45-adverse population with the capacity of inducible homogenous differentiation into all three germinal levels [1] [2]. (techblessing.com)
- Additionally utilizing a cocktail of development and differentiation elements (XXL-medium) differentiation of USSC into cells of neuronal lineage (XXL-USSC) expressing neurofilament and Vandetanib trifluoroacetate sodium route proteins was acquired [3]. (techblessing.com)
- Because of their unique expression profile and special functions, miRNAs have been used as molecular markers to define the direction and processes of cell differentiation by regulating one or several target genes. (researchsquare.com)
- Life depends on constant replenishment of human body cells with new cells created by differentiation of adult stem cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- As Type D cells die from trauma or apoptosis they are replaced by new cells resulting from differentiation of Type B and Type C cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- We carried out mosaic analysis to elucidate the functions of dMyc in the germline and somatic cells of the ovary during oogenesis, a process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. (biologists.com)
- Wild-type ES cells and ES cells deficient for the tumor suppressor p53 were exposed to pulse modulated EMF at 1.71 GHz, lower end of the uplink band of GSM 1800, under standardized and controlled conditions, and transcripts of regulatory genes were analyzed during in vitro differentiation. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
- Cardiac differentiation and cell cycle characteristics were not affected in embryonic stem and embryonic carcinoma cells after exposure to GSM-217 EMF signals. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
- Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
- In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
- Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
- These cells possess both differentiation plasticity (stemness) and tissue supportive functions (stromalness) that can coexist and overlap, with differences depending on tissue source, donor characteristics, culture conditions and delivery strategies, leading to alternative best fittings for the term "stem" or "stromal" [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Mutation13
- The mutation occurs in hematopoetic stem cells capable of self renewal and additional mutations are associated with clonal progression may occur in progenitor cells conferring a self renewal capability. (standardofcare.com)
- Somatic mutation is not a static process in myelodysplastic syndrome and additional mutations will accumulate leading to more profound phenotypic worsening cytopenias, and approximately 30% of patients will eventually experience progression to secondary AML. (standardofcare.com)
- The paradox is that the mutation provides advantage at the stem cell level and progenitor cells, with a disadvantage at the level of hematopoietic precursors. (standardofcare.com)
- In 2012, two siblings who were homozygous for a mutation that created a stop codon in the Ras homolog gene family member H ( RHOH ) gene exhibited an epidermodysplasia verruciformis phenotype and their T cells exhibited impaired T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (medscape.com)
- The relationship between risk scores and tumor mutation burden (TMB), cancer stem cell index, and drug sensitivity was explored. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
- Germline mutation results in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (2nd hit is somatic), characterized by the propensity to develop multiple types of carcinomas and sarcomas, C, Rb also regulates progression from G, to S phase. (ctsqena.com)
- Rb mutation results in const it utively free E2F, allowing progression through the cell cycle and uncontrolled growth of cells. (ctsqena.com)
- Sporadic mutation (both hits are somatic) is characterized by unilateral retinoblastoma (Fig. 3,1). (ctsqena.com)
- ii, Germline mutation results in familial retinoblastoma (2nd hit is somatic), characterized by bilateral retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. (ctsqena.com)
- In a separate collaboration, measurement of plasma EGFR mutation levels every 4 weeks during erlotinib treatment provided evidence for initial treatment response, as well as disease progression and the emergence of the T790M resistance mutation as early as 11 months before clinical disease progression. (selectbiosciences.com)
- These results suggest the use of cell free DNA in plasma to assess EGFR mutation status may be a feasible alternative in those patients for whom a tumor biopsy cannot be obtained. (selectbiosciences.com)
- Additionally, dynamic changes in plasma EGFR mutation levels may be predictive of clinical outcome, including disease progression and identification of specific resistance mechanisms. (selectbiosciences.com)
Induces3
- Here we show that methanolic extracts of Sapota fruit (MESF) induces cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cell lines. (nature.com)
- Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
- 2. If DNA repair is not possible, p53 induces apoptosis. (ctsqena.com)
Progenitor4
- Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a fundamental role in post-natal vascular repair, yet EPCs from different anatomic locations possess unique biological properties. (biomedcentral.com)
- Blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) represent the "promoters" of vascular repair providing the rationale for autologous stem cell therapy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- With growth, these proliferate and, in a remarkably articulated manner, progressively differentiate into multipotent stem cells (Type B), progenitor cells (Type C), mature body somatic cells (Type E), and many eventually become senescent cells (Type E). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- In essence, early-on the body sets up pools of stem and progenitor cells to replace lost somatic cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Survival9
- Patients with the greater number of somatic mutations have inferior overall survival. (standardofcare.com)
- Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
- Patients in the high-risk group had worse overall survival, lower immune score and ESTIMATE score, higher TMB, higher cancer stem cell index, and higher sensitivity to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
- Research into apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and cellular senescence is very important for understanding the intracellular functions that control cell survival and death. (dojindo.com)
- Finally, we detected that high grade gliomas statistically correlate with the expression of GLI1 and GLI2, and that GLI1, GLI2, phospho-Akt and phospho-S6K1 are more expressed in patients with less survival, suggesting that activation of these cell signaling influences glioma outcome and patient survival. (bvsalud.org)
- We applied a range of molecular and cellular techniques to measure cell survival, cell cycle progression, protein expression and DNA damage combined with a transcriptomic micro-array approach in D283-MED cells, for global gene expression analysis in acute and chronic hypoxic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
- As a consequence, p53 activation by etoposide was reduced, and cell survival enhanced. (biomedcentral.com)
- Intercellular mitochondrial transfer can be regarded as an extension of intracellular mitochondrial movement or intercellular communication, which undoubtedly increases the mtDNA content of the recipient cells and restores the respiration and survival of the recipient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Arguments supporting the reactive nature of LCH include the occurrence of spontaneous remissions, the extensive elaboration of multiple cytokines by dendritic cells and T-cells (the so-called cytokine storm) in LCH lesions, and the good survival rate in patients without organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Genes10
- Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
- EPCs from CB expressed abundant genes involved in cell cycle, hypoxia signalling and blood vessel development, correlating with the phenotypes that CB-EPCs proliferated more rapidly, migrated faster, and formed tubule structure more efficiently. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
- The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
- The pathophysiology of epidermodysplasia verruciformis is linked to defective cell-mediated immunity, with elucidation of mutations in EVER1 ( TMC6 ) and EVER2 ( TMC8 ) genes (band 17q25). (medscape.com)
- Conclusions/Significance Mir-17 -20 and -106b downregulate a common group of pro- and anti-proliferative focus on genes to effect cell routine development of USSC and boost intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements to govern G1/S changeover. (techblessing.com)
- We performed gene expression and Western blot analyses to identify the most differentially regulated genes and signaling pathways in cells with TMEM176B overexpression and silencing. (bvsalud.org)
- Overall, our results suggest that TMEM176B expression in breast cancer cells regulates key signaling pathways and genes that contribute to cancer cell growth and progression, and is a potential target for therapeutic antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
- 1. Disrupted systems include pro to-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and regulators of apoptosis. (ctsqena.com)
- Using transcriptomic analysis in D283-MED cells, we found a large transcriptional remodelling upon long term hypoxia, in particular the expression of a number of genes involved in detection and repair of double strand breaks (DSB) was altered. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism5
- Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
- In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- For this reason, the first function of any cell is to prevent the permanent threat of disintegration that is described by thermodynamic laws and to preserve highly ordered cell characteristics such as structures, the cell cycle, or metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
- This editorial highlights the relevance of interfering in cancer cell progression through the pharmacological manipulation on the cell metabolism of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP, and on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling, which may avail the reduction of toxic effects promoted by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, thus decreasing the incidence of interruption in antitumoral treatment. (researchgate.net)
Hematopoietic stem2
- Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and peripheral cytopenias. (standardofcare.com)
- The clonal outgrowth of mutant stem cells favors and abnormal hematopoietic stem cell niche. (standardofcare.com)
Mitotic3
- In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
- Interestingly, we detected a recurrent pattern of expression of GLI3 in oligodendrocytes and of phospho-S6K1 in mitotic neoplastic cells. (bvsalud.org)
- In contrast to its dramatic effects on growth and endoreplication,dMyc is dispensable for the mitotic division cycles of both germline and somatic components of the ovary. (biologists.com)
Mutations7
- However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The clone has a advantage provided by the somatic genetics change with driver mutations. (standardofcare.com)
- Oncogenic mutations or abnormal expression of signaling components disrupt the regulatory networks that govern cell function, thus enabling tumor cells to undergo dysregulated mitogenesis, to resist apoptosis, and to promote invasion to neighboring tissues. (eurekaselect.com)
- The classification of each glioma is based on its cell origin and molecular characteristics, which includes acquired mutations [4]. (genesispub.org)
- B. DNA mutations eventually disrupt key regulatory systems, allowing for tumor promotion (growth) and progression (spread). (ctsqena.com)
- Moreover, quantitative assessment of dynamic changes of EGFR mutations in plasma could be an indicator of initial treatment response, disease progression, and development of resistance mutations (eg T790M). (selectbiosciences.com)
- Further, a drop in plasma EGFR mutations to undetectable at treatment cycle 3 was associated with significantly longer OS compared to any detectable plasma EGFR mutations. (selectbiosciences.com)
Mitochondrial membrane potential4
- Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of proapoptotic proteins, activation of MCL-1, PARP-1 and Caspase 9 suggest that MESF treatment leads to activation of mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. (nature.com)
- Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
- GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
- As a result, changes in SA-ß-Gal expression, cell cycle progression, and mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. (dojindo.com)
Pathways10
- Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
- To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
- These marker proteins are known to be tumor suppressors and regulate the cell cycle mainly through two pathways (p16Ink4a-RB and p53-p21CIP1). (dojindo.com)
- Cancer cell biology takes advantage of identifying diverse cellular signaling pathways that are disrupted in cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
- Signaling pathways are an important means of communication from the exterior of cell to intracellular mediators, as well as intracellular interactions that govern diverse cellular processes. (eurekaselect.com)
- Cripto-1 overexpression in U87 glioblastoma cells activates MAPK, focal adhesion and ErbB pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
- The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
- In summary, our results show that proteins of PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 and SHH/GLI pathways are differentially expressed in human gliomas according to tumor type and grade, and suggest that the activation of these signaling networks is associated with glioma progression. (bvsalud.org)
- were able to show that the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria into highly malignant breast cancer cells could reverse malignancy and down-regulate several oncogenic pathways such as invasion, in vivo tumor growth, and others. (frontiersin.org)
- Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant embryonal brain tumour originating from neural stem cells or granule-cell progenitors of the cerebellum, due to a deregulation of signalling pathways involved in neuronal development such as Wnt or Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic11
- Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, umbilical cord blood EPCs hold great therapeutic potential for cell therapy and vascular engineering. (biomedcentral.com)
- According to recent findings, especially targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) is the most promising therapeutic strategy. (bmbreports.org)
- Although the goal of Glioblastoma is not only to treat the disease but to cure it, current animal in vivo studies have shown promising therapeutic effects in mesenchymal stem cells, induced neural stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. (genesispub.org)
- While research has shown that each stem cell poses its own risk to the disease, their therapeutic effects have also shown encouraging and promising results. (genesispub.org)
- This review outlines the research, progress, and potential therapeutic effects different stem cells have on Glioblastoma. (genesispub.org)
- This study aimed to review the current progress researchers have made regarding stem cell therapeutic effects for Glioblastoma, how it is applied, and to discover the potential future progress and treatments these stem cells can create. (genesispub.org)
- We generated breast cancer cell lines with overexpressed and silenced TMEM176B, and a therapeutic antibody targeting TMEM176B. (bvsalud.org)
- Silencing TMEM176B or inhibiting it with a therapeutic antibody impaired cell proliferation, while overexpression increased proliferation in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
- Together our results demonstrate a new mechanism explaining hypoxia-induced resistance involving the alteration of the response to DSB in D283-MED cells, but also highlight the cell type to cell type diversity and the necessity to take into account the differing tumour genetic make-up when considering re-sensitisation therapeutic protocols. (biomedcentral.com)
- Due to the low abundance of MSCs in human adult tissues (about 1/10 6 cells in adult bone marrow and 1/10 3-4 cells in adipose tissue and umbilical cord) [ 16 ] , frequently ex-vivo expansion precedes therapeutic administration, to obtain a clinically relevant number of cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
Protein6
- Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)
- Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
- However, if the stress on the ER is chronic or severe and quality control of protein folding cannot be met, ER activates its stress receptor, the unfolded protein response, which triggers programmed cell death [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
- For example, the cvclinD/CDK4 complex phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, which promotes progression through the G^S checkpoint. (ctsqena.com)
- AMBRA1 is an intrinsically disordered protein, working as a scaffold molecule to coordinate, by protein-protein interaction, many cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Arrest3
- The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
- Irreversible cell cycle arrest is one of the phenomena that characterize cellular senescence. (dojindo.com)
- Doxorubicin (DOX) is known as an anticancer drug that acts in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle to arrest cell proliferation and induce cellular senescence (see the upper left figure). (dojindo.com)
Breast cancer11
- The recurrence and drug resistance of breast cancer are intractable due to the presence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which are adequate to initiate tumor formation and refractory to conventional remedies. (spandidos-publications.com)
- The present review mainly focused on the latest updates on RUNX2 in BCSCs and their roles in breast cancer progression and drug resistance, providing insight that may aid the development of RUNX2‑based diagnostics and treatments for breast cancer in clinical practice. (spandidos-publications.com)
- For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Of note, other studies have also indicated the involvement of RUNX2 in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and breast cancer progression ( 22 , 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor SUAM-14746 attenuates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
- The miRNA profile between breast cancer stem cells(BCSCs, CD44+CD24-/low) and control MCF-7 breast cancer cells was obtained in a previous study. (researchsquare.com)
- Then, agomir-20b-5p and antagomir-20b-5p were transfected into MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells to detect cell migration, wound healing and proliferation, and lentivirus vectors silencing or overexpressing miR-20b-5p were transfected into T47D-CSCs to detect proliferation and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
- Oncogenic miR-20b-5p was confirmed to promote the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells and BCSCs. (researchsquare.com)
- Abnormal changes in miRNAs have been discovered in breast cancer, and miRNAs have been demonstrated to be associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer [8, 10]. (researchsquare.com)
- Previous studies have confirmed that miRNAs play an important role in gene regulation in CD44 + CD24 -/low breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). (researchsquare.com)
- In our previous research, we performed miRNA profiling between sorted CD44 + CD24 -/low BCSCs and the control MCF-7 breast cancer cells [8]. (researchsquare.com)
Mediate2
- 4, Cell cycle regulators mediate progression through the cell cycle {e.g., cyctin and cyclin-dependent kinase). (ctsqena.com)
- Although the Myc oncogene has long been known to play a role in many human cancers, the mechanisms that mediate its effects in both normal cells and cancer cells are not fully understood. (biologists.com)
Glioblastoma3
- Lin A, Gallicchio VS. (2023) Stem Cell Therapy for Glioblastoma. (genesispub.org)
- Recent findings have demonstrated a synergic crosstalk between SHH/GLI and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 signaling in glioblastoma progression cells in vitro and in tumors in mice, but it is not known if this also occurs in human gliomas. (bvsalud.org)
- We used two MB cell line (D283-MED and MEB-Med8A) and a widely used glioblastoma cell line (U87MG) for comparison. (biomedcentral.com)
Epithelial9
- Human esophageal squamous epithelial (HET-1A) cells were treated with bile acid and used in transfection experiments. (jcancer.org)
- Bile acid treatment also increased the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
- Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 blocked the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and villin, but transfection of a KLF5 expression vector into esophageal epithelial cells promoted their transdifferentiation into columnar-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin. (jcancer.org)
- Isoforms of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) have distinct effects on mammary epithelial cells. (famri.org)
- The malignant biological behavior of HCC is closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and EMT plays an important role in the progression, migration and metastasis of HCC. (jcancer.org)
- Results: LED produced in vitro increases of cell growth of 140-200% in mouse-derived fibroblasts, rat-derived osteoblasts, and rat-derived skeletal muscle cells, and increases in growth of 155-171% of normal human epithelial cells. (researchgate.net)
- Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. (spandidos-publications.com)
- HGF was cloned as a growth factor for hepatocytes ( 1 , 2 ), is identical to scatter factor (SF) and was originally discovered as a fibroblast-derived cell motility factor for epithelial cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- HGF is produced and secreted by adjacent stromal and mesenchymal cells, it contributes to the development of epithelial organs in a paracrine fashion, exerts regenerative effects on epithelia in the liver, kidney, lung, and other tissues, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Biology3
- Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
- Cancer biology has significantly benefited from the molecular-level detail provided by these tools, allowing elucidation of many perturbations underlying disease onset and progression. (nih.gov)
- The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
Characteristics5
- Despite this difference in the cell cycle when compared to ESCs grown in media containing serum these cells have similar pluripotent characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a self-protective mechanism resulting from an imbalance in quality control of unfolded proteins when cells are stressed, which plays an active role in lung cancer development, but the relationship between ERS and the pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of LUAD patients remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the latter case, they enter into a self-driven adaptive and evolutionary process that generates a progression of disordered cells and that results in a broad spectrum of progeny with different characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of idiopathic disorders characterized by the presence of cells with characteristics similar to bone marrow-derived Langerhans cells juxtaposed against a backdrop of hematopoietic cells, including T-cells, macrophages, and eosinophils. (medscape.com)
- Specifically, a variety of other cellular populations have been identified that possess phenotypic characteristics similar to Langerhans cells, including expression of CD207 and Birbeck granules. (medscape.com)
Intracellular6
- The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)
- Many strikingly miR-17 -20 and -106b had been found to market cell proliferation by raising the intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements even though miR-17 -20 and -106b straight focus on the transcripts that encode because of this proteins family members. (techblessing.com)
- Time-lapse videography of living cells captures spectacular intracellular mitochondrial movement, and this movement promotes mitochondrial connections to form a dynamic mitochondrial network [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition to intracellular mitochondrial movement, intercellular mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has recently been discovered. (biomedcentral.com)
- Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
- Notably, LCH cells have been found to express markers of both resting epidermal Langerhans cells (CD1a, intracellular major histocompatibility complex II [MHCII], Birbeck granules) and activated Langerhans cells (including CD54 and CD58). (medscape.com)
Self-renewal4
- Self-renewal conditions must prevent the cells from clumping and maintain an environment that supports an unspecialized state. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
- MiRNAs can also control the self-renewal or proliferation of stem cells [9]. (researchsquare.com)
- These stem cells have self-renewal capabilities, and stem cells, like the mesenchymal stem cells, can differentiate into various lineages from the mesoderm. (genesispub.org)
Undergo2
- EPCs from human umbilical cord and adult peripheral blood activate different mechanisms upon high-dose x-ray radiation treatment: CB-EPCs undergo p53 stabilization, Bax-dependent apoptosis and p21-dependent G 1 and G 2 /M cell cycle checkpoints, while PB-EPCs undergo only radiation-induced senescence [ 13 ], indicating unique gene expression patterns in EPCs of different sources. (biomedcentral.com)
- 3. B cells that would normally undergo apoptosis during somatic hypermutation in the lymph node germinal center accumulate, leading to lymphoma. (ctsqena.com)
Necrosis1
- Annexin V-propidium iodide double-staining demonstrated that Sapota fruit extracts potentiate apoptosis rather than necrosis in cancer cells. (nature.com)
Vitro6
- We aimed to understand the role of TMEM176B in cancer cell signaling, gene expression, cell proliferation, and migration in vitro, as well as tumor growth in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
- The overexpression of BAG4 promoted the in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of GC cells, and opposite results were observed after silencing of BAG4. (bvsalud.org)
- We subsequently confirmed that PAK3 was overexpressed in HCC clinical samples and HCC cell lines and that PAK3 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro . (jcancer.org)
- Czyz et al (2004) [1] have used electromagnetic fields (EMF) simulating exposure to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) signals on pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
- In vitro studies using infra-/red light have not shown any useful impact on wound healing by activating cells located in deeper skin layers such as fibroblasts or stem cells [2] . (researchgate.net)
- MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. (encyclopedia.pub)
Regulates2
- RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
- K, p53 regulates progression of the cell cycle from Gt to S phase, 1. (ctsqena.com)
Adult stem3
- Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- Skeletal muscle growth and regeneration involves the activity of resident adult stem cells, namely satellite cells (SC). (sdbonline.org)
- IF we could find a way to rejuvenate adult stem cells in their niches, then the stem cell supply chain could possibly be transformed from being a once-through-in-life process to a continuing closed-loop process. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Mitochondria6
- Inside the mitochondria, pyruvate is completely oxidized through the TCA cycle, feeding reductive equivalents to the electron transport chain. (hindawi.com)
- Cytochrome c leaks from the mitochondria activating apoptosis, 3. (ctsqena.com)
- 2, Disruption of Bcl2 allows cytochrome c to leave the mitochondria and activate apoptosis. (ctsqena.com)
- Multiple research groups have developed artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplantation (AMT/T) methods that transfer healthy mitochondria into damaged cells and recover cellular function. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mitochondria are essential organelles that not only serve as energy factories, but also have functions extending to cell signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
- Based on these findings, the researchers proposed the bold idea of directly transplanting entire mitochondria, rather than drugs or whole cells, into lesions to explore the rescue effects of exogenous mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryonic stem6
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
- Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
- Under defined conditions, embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
- According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor formation1
- Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
Bone marrow hematopoietic1
- When the bone marrow hematopoietic cells are mostly clonally derived cells, the disease is clinically manifested as cytopenia and morphologic dysplasia. (standardofcare.com)
Vascular1
- Ali MA, Choy H, Habib AA, Saha D. SNS-032 prevents tumor cell-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. (famri.org)
Senescence5
- Consider the study from some years back that showed as many as 20% of the skin cells in old baboons exhibited the signature for senescence. (fightaging.org)
- Cellular senescence is controlled by various factors such as cell type and physiological conditions, such as oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
- Common detection indicators for assessing cellular senescence include features related to cell cycle progression (DNA synthesis, p16/p21 expression, etc.), features related to morphology (of the cell, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. (dojindo.com)
- Recently, various fields have given particular attention to cellular senescence due to the recent discoveries of SASP (a known cancer-causing factor) and senescence-related phenomena in stem cell research. (dojindo.com)
- At an advanced age, the pools of Type B and Type C cells become depleted in part because of replicative senescence and the cells remaining in the pools lose their ability to differentiate as necessary to replace Type D cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Renal Cell Carc3
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
- Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Malignant3
- Malignant skin tumors (carcinomas), especially squamous cell carcinoma (in situ or invasive), develop frequently in these patients (30-70%), most commonly in sun-exposed areas starting between the ages of 20 and 40 years, which reflects the high-risk nature of the HPV infection. (medscape.com)
- AKT signaling in normal and malignant cells. (eurekaselect.com)
- The working group of the Histiocyte Society divided histocytic disorders into three groups: (1) dendritic cell histiocytosis, (2) macrophage-related disorders, and (3) malignant histiocytosis. (medscape.com)
Tumorigenesis1
- For the past 20 years, plenty of studies have suggested that only a small subpopulation of the cancer cells with tumor-initiating capability is the core origin of the tumorigenesis and the subset of cancer cells was named cancer stem cells (CSCs). (bmbreports.org)
Senescent cells14
- Multiple different methods have been demonstrated to selectively kill senescent cells in mice, including the genetic engineering approach used a few years ago and the various senolytic drug candidates discovered more recently. (fightaging.org)
- These have variable effectiveness in different tissues, with some tissue types retaining all of their senescent cells, suggesting that no initial clinical treatment is going to be perfect. (fightaging.org)
- Even these prototypes are, however, clearing as much as a quarter of senescent cells in some tissues. (fightaging.org)
- Why is the destruction of senescent cells an important goal? (fightaging.org)
- Evolution likes reuse, and senescent cells are also transiently involved in wound healing and structural control over embryonic development . (fightaging.org)
- Nonetheless, having too many senescent cells is a bad thing, and that is exactly what happens with advancing age: senescent cells that evade destruction linger indefinitely, and their numbers grow over time, especially once the immune system starts to decline in old age . (fightaging.org)
- In large numbers senescent cells cause chronic inflammation and their collective signaling actively harms tissue structure and function. (fightaging.org)
- Periodic removal of senescent cells would solve all of these problems. (fightaging.org)
- It is, however, quite possible for a therapy to be too good at killing senescent cells. (fightaging.org)
- Thus, naively, a hypothetical highly efficient senescent cell clearance therapy might work just fine in a 40-something adult, with tissues containing comparatively few senescent cells, while having a strong chance of killing patients in their 70s, with tissues containing many more senescent cells and also possessed of less resilient organs. (fightaging.org)
- Approaches that could be this efficient in theory will be diluted or otherwise limited and delivered over a number of spaced treatments, producing a steady or stepped destruction of senescent cells at a safe pace. (fightaging.org)
- Scientists have discovered that, in the absence of resident stem cells, senescent cells can instruct neighboring somatic cells to reprogram. (dojindo.com)
- None of the individual biomarkers that have been identified so far have been deemed to be specific to senescent cells. (dojindo.com)
- The development of drugs that eliminate senescent cells in the body (senolytic drugs) is also attracting the attention of researchers as a possible strategy to extend healthy life expectancy. (dojindo.com)
Defects2
- Furthermore, in germline cysts in which the dm mutant cells comprised only a subset of the 16-cell cluster,we observed strictly cell-autonomous growth defects. (biologists.com)
- The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
Development and progression1
- The bone marrow microenvironment and inflammatory signaling can also determine the rate of development and progression of MDS. (standardofcare.com)
Mice5
- Senescent cell clearance treatments could be made much more efficient than the prototypes demonstrated so far in mice. (fightaging.org)
- RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
- In addition, after the overexpression or knockdown of PAK3 in cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of these cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell assays, and the results were confirmed in vivo experiments in mice. (jcancer.org)
- Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
- Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre‑loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF‑Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Gene expression3
- The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
- Stem cell gene expression evolves with age. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- Although in principle stem cells can replicate indefinitely, in fact they age as the organism ages, continuing to change their gene expression. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Metastasis1
- Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
Differentiate7
- When provided with the appropriate signals, ESCs initially form precursor cells that in subsequently differentiate into the desired cell types. (wikipedia.org)
- Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
- Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
- The above list is in order of increasing cell-type specificity and decreasing cell-type potency to differentiate into other cell types. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- Starting at conception and throughout life, all cells on this list except the senescent ones will selectively reproduce and possibly differentiate into cells of types further down in the list. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- At maturity there are relatively very few Type A cells and a mix of Type B, C and D cells, Type B and C cells typically live in protected stem cell niches where they reproduce and, as-needed differentiate to become the normal working body Type D cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
- Cells in those pools replicate and differentiate throughout life. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Oncogene1
- Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
Vivo3
- After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
- The effect of miR-20b-5p on xenograft growth was investigated in vivo by transfection of a lentivirus-overexpression vector into T47D cells. (researchsquare.com)
- Thousands of studies mainly on in vivo animal and human cell lines and some animal studies produce mixed and inconclusive results. (drchrisbarnes.co.uk)
Pluripotent2
- Pluripotent stem cells have shown promise in treating a number of varying conditions, including but not limited to: spinal cord injuries, age related macular degeneration, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease), AIDS, etc. (wikipedia.org)
- According to a simplified model of this theory a newly-conceived human embryo consists of pluripotent stem cells (Type A), ones that can potentially divide into any body cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
Regulators3
- MicroRNAs also appear as important regulators of cell cycle events [27] [28]. (techblessing.com)
- B. Categories of oncogenes include growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, nuclear regulators, and cell cycle regulators (Table 3.3). (ctsqena.com)
- Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (unicyte.ch)
Resistance3
- In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
- Although traditionally associated with the last stages of the disease, recent findings with minimally transformed pretumorigenic primary human cells indicate that the ability to generate drug resistance arises early during the tumorigenic process, before the full transformation. (nature.com)
- This acquired resistance upon chronic hypoxia was present but less pronounced in MEB-Med8A cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth2
- However, in cases in which the entire germline cyst or the whole follicular epithelium was mutant for dm , the growth of the entire follicle, including the wild-type cells, was delayed. (biologists.com)
- Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
Squamous cell carcinoma1
- New devices have demonstrated significant results for the treatment of medical conditions, including mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris, wound healing, psoriasis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease), basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, and cosmetic applications. (researchgate.net)
Pathway5
- dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
- Firstly, loss of dGLYAT suppressed scrib depletion- or Egr overexpression-induced JNK pathway activation and invasive cell migration. (sdbonline.org)
- It was suggested that the ERS signaling pathway also plays an active part in cancer progression [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- We found that the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated or repressed in cells overexpressing or silenced for TMEM176B, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
- Whilst U87MG shared the same dampened p53 activity, upon chemotherapeutic drug treatment in chronic hypoxic conditions, these cells used a different mechanism, independent of the DNA damage pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Invasion2
- This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
- In addition to basic science investigations in such areas as tumor cell invasion, oncogenes, immunotherapy and genetic inheritance, our scientists and physicians participate in national cancer trials. (upstate.edu)
Neural stem1
- Scientists debate whether GBs arise from a subculture of neural stem cells or from the transformation of differentiated astrocytes [6]. (genesispub.org)
Acute myeloid1
- A heterogenous group of myeloid disorders characterized by somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cells,the presence of variable peripheral cytopenias, and a broad risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (standardofcare.com)
Involves3
- Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
- Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)
- This process involves the ability of cells to change pheno- type depending upon specific signals. (unicyte.ch)
Cancer cell4
- Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
- In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
- Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
- Possibly, 1 day, one of these cells will show an autonomous and aggressive behavior-it will be a cancer cell. (frontiersin.org)
Stromal1
- Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. (encyclopedia.pub)