• it is often a biochemical alternative to the self-destruction of such a damaged cell by apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Purified cannabinoids have been reported to prevent proliferation, metastasis, and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. (nih.gov)
  • Annexin V Assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle, and RNA sequencing was used to determine gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • The F7 and F7+F3 cytotoxic activity involved cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S or G0/G1 phases, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Apoptosis genetically programmed cell death that plays crucial roles in cell death and survival is considered to be one of the main contributors to cancer development. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Chemical compounds that induce cancer cell apoptosis are considered promising anticancer drugs (22 23 Caspases a family of cysteine proteases play essential roles in apoptosis. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Plumbagin, for example, was shown to inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-B and induce apoptosis in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast tumor cells (20). (unambitiousus.com)
  • Our outcomes present that treatment with LOE network marketing leads to a G0/G1 stage halt and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breasts cancer tumor cells without marketing necrotic cell loss of life. (unambitiousus.com)
  • Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from BCR-ABL oncogene, which blocks CML cells differentiation and protects these cells from apoptosis. (jcancer.org)
  • Here, we determined the effect of Jiyuan oridonin A (JOA), an ent -kaurene diterpenoid compound, on the differentiation blockade in imatinib-sensitive, particularly, imatinib-resistant CML cells with BCR-ABL-T315I mutation by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis, cell differentiation analysis, cell cycle analysis and colony formation assay. (jcancer.org)
  • Alternatively, cells that sense injury or loss of mitochondrial integrity may undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis). (massgenomics.org)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • Potential synergistic effects of various combinations including these compounds were tested by measuring cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • Treatment of DLBCL cells with CVT-313 resulted in apoptosis. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • Depletion of endogenous cdk2 by short interfering (si)RNA also resulted in apoptosis in human LY3, LY8 and LY18 DLBCL cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • Importantly, inhibition of cdk2 with CVT-313 or knockdown of endogenous cdk2 with siRNA resulted in downregulation of the anti-apoptotic factor Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), suggesting that decreased levels of cellular Mcl-1 contribute to apoptosis. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
  • Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
  • Sonic 125256-00-0125B11 hedgehog (Shh) is a forty five-kDa potent signaling protein that regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and cellular patterning throughout a extensive selection of cell types [2,3]. (acthreceptor.com)
  • It was described that hedgehog proteins right act on osteogenic precursor cells and osteoblasts to stimulate osteogenic differentiation [7]. (acthreceptor.com)
  • Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a one hundred twenty five-kD non-receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a main position in mediating sign transduction by integrins, as effectively as by growth aspect receptors, in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation in a range of mobile varieties [12,thirteen,fourteen]. (acthreceptor.com)
  • A novel FAK Tyr397 inhibitor suppresses osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as osteoclast formation, via PTHrP-induced RANKL expression in murine bone stromal ST2 cells [twenty]. (acthreceptor.com)
  • We carried out mosaic analysis to elucidate the functions of dMyc in the germline and somatic cells of the ovary during oogenesis, a process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. (biologists.com)
  • Recently, T β 4 has have been shown to promote the differentiation of progenitor cell lines to cardiomyocytes [ 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Pocket proteins Rb, p107 and p130 play central roles in cell cycle progression and differentiation. (eu.org)
  • Pocket proteins play essential roles in cell cycle progression, quiescence and differentiation, and their functional disruption is associated with human cancer. (eu.org)
  • We found that JOA at lower concentration significantly inhibited the proliferation of CML cells expressing mutant BCR-ABL (T315I mutation included) and wild-type BCR-ABL, which was due to that JOA induced the cell differentiation and the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. (jcancer.org)
  • Mechanistically, the cell differentiation mediated by JOA may be originated from the inhibition of BCR-ABL/c-MYC signaling in CML cells expressing wild-type BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL-T315I. (jcancer.org)
  • JOA displayed the activity of inhibiting the BCR-ABL and promoted differentiation of not only imatinib -sensitive but also imatinib -resistant cells with BCR-ABL mutation, which could become a potent lead compound to overcome the imatinib -resistant induced by inhibitors of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in CML therapy. (jcancer.org)
  • BCR-ABL oncogene encodes a BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase (TK), which triggers different downstream targets including c-Myc, STAT5 and CrkL, which participated in the control of cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and other cellular behaviors [ 3 - 5 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
  • Our data suggest that HDAC inhibition is effective in a novel UCS cell line by interfering with both viability and differentiation. (por-journal.com)
  • All cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (both from Gibco Grand Island NY USA) 100 was further analyzed by intraperitoneally injecting vehicle Oxi 4503 (PBS) or Sch B (20 and 80 mg/kg) into nude mice bearing subcutaneous HCCC-9810 tumor xenografts every 2 days for up to 30 days. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Figure 7 Schisandrin B suppressed the growth of HCCC-9810 cells study showed that Sch B strongly suppressed tumor growth. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Studies using commercially available reagents of these compounds have shown they have pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on various tumor cell lines. (unambitiousus.com)
  • Further, trans-caryophyllene and -humulene, two sesquiterpenes present in the remove, were proven to synergize and inhibit cell development and proliferation in MCF-7 breasts cancer tumor cells (29). (unambitiousus.com)
  • Cell lifestyle Triple-negative breasts cancer tumor (MDA-MB-231 and CRL-2321) and regular mammary epithelial (MCF10A) cell lines had been extracted from the American Type Lifestyle Collection. (unambitiousus.com)
  • Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • However, under these microenvironmental conditions, only 15% of tumor cells assemble invadopodia at any given time, while the rest are non-motile. (biorxiv.org)
  • In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • One particular latest study showed, in fact, that when a mammary carcinoma cell line derived from mice contaminated using the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) was subcutaneously injected into syngeneic mice, the resulting tumor vasculature was very sensitive to inhibitors like interleukin twelve and interferon gamma. (dhfrinhibitor.com)
  • The underlying motives for that lack of long-term effectiveness utilizing anti-VEGF or possibly other anti-angiogenic therapies usually are not acknowledged, yet it raises quite a few possibly informative troubles concerning sustained angiogenicHost microenvironment and angiogenesisIt has extended been suspected the tumor microenvironment has an effect on the angiogenic response with the tumor cells. (dhfrinhibitor.com)
  • In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
  • The idea that the immune system might recognize and destroy tumor cells was conceived 50-100 years ago. (massgenomics.org)
  • Whereas immunohistochemistry of the metastatic tumor showed a predominantly sarcomatous vimentin positive tumor that has lost E-cadherin expression, PF338 cells demonstrated biphasic growth and carried mutations in KRAS , PIK3CA , PTEN and ARID1A . (por-journal.com)
  • PF338 tumor cells were resistant to MEK- and TGF-β signaling-inhibition but sensitive to PIK3CA- and PARP-inhibition and first-line chemotherapeutics. (por-journal.com)
  • Importantly, UCS is the prototype tumor for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a reversible biological process that associates with tumor progression and metastasis and in which epithelial cells transform into more invasive mesenchymal cells by losing their epithelial properties [ 10 - 12 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • Although, non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) display antineoplastic effects by repressing tumor growth and angiogenesis both in cell line and animal models, their use as chemotherapeutic agents is awaiting further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is suggested that curcumin can selectively kill tumor cells through its multifaceted metabolic effects, that culminate in its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Hewlings and Kalman, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor cell dormancy may help to explain treatment resistance and recurrence or metastatic reactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding the dormant stage of tumor cells may help in discovering ways to maintain the dormant state or permanently eliminate dormant residual disseminated tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor dormancy is a recognized clinical phenomenon in which disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) remain occult, asymptomatic, and undetectable over a prolonged period of time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dormancy can occur at the earliest stage of tumor development but also when remnant tumor cells escape treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A tumor microenvironment that is altered (such as by frontline treatment) can mediate tumor cell entrance into, maintenance, and exit from dormancy through interaction with cells at niches, such as endothelial cells, stroma, or immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many tumor microenvironments, including lymphoma and carcinoma, are enriched in immune suppressive cells that contribute to immune exhaustion by means expression of inhibitory ligands, suppressive cytokines, and tumor-promoting factors. (researchgate.net)
  • BCRC-3 functions as a tumor inhibitor to suppress BC cell proliferation through miR-182-5p/p27 axis, which would be a novel target for BC therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA in the cell is packaged with histone proteins into chromatin. (usc.edu)
  • Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
  • Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
  • Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • It is well known that proliferating cells will express some specific proteins that are absent from non-proliferating cells. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • There are several kinds of proliferation proteins specifically expressed in proliferating cells including PCNA, Ki67 and MCM-2. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • Cell proliferation can be evaluated by the determination of viable cells expressed these proliferation proteins. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). (wikipedia.org)
  • The first phase within interphase, from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis, is called G1 (G indicating gap). (wikipedia.org)
  • A cell spends most of its time in interphase, during which it mostly performs its normal functions, such as protein synthesis. (coursehero.com)
  • Interphase comprises the gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2) phases, in which the cell grows and replicates its genetic material. (coursehero.com)
  • Interphase is collectively the gap 1 (G1), synthesis (S), and gap 2 (G2) phases of mitosis, in which a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and grows again. (coursehero.com)
  • 2006 There has been remarkable progress in the last 20 years in defining the molecular mechanisms that regulate initiation of DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells. (usc.edu)
  • Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
  • In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four discrete phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The S or synthesis phase is when DNA replication occurs, and the M or mitosis phase is when the cell actually divides. (heimduo.org)
  • By studying molecular events in cells, scientists have determined that interphase can be divided into 4 steps: Gap 0 (G0), Gap 1 (G1), S (synthesis) phase, Gap 2 (G2). (heimduo.org)
  • This agent is an antimetabolite that inhibits DNA synthesis and cell reproduction in malignant cells. (medscape.com)
  • In cells with nuclei (eukaryotes, i.e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells), the cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic (M) phase (including mitosis and cytokinesis). (wikipedia.org)
  • During the mitotic phase, the replicated chromosomes, organelles, and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some cells enter the G0 phase semi-permanently and are considered post-mitotic, e.g., some liver, kidney, and stomach cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The word "post-mitotic" is sometimes used to refer to both quiescent and senescent cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the mitotic (M) phase, the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells. (heimduo.org)
  • In contrast to its dramatic effects on growth and endoreplication,dMyc is dispensable for the mitotic division cycles of both germline and somatic components of the ovary. (biologists.com)
  • There are still other, non-apoptotic paths to cell death (necrosis, autophagy, mitotic catastrophe) that are gaining attention as barriers to transformation. (massgenomics.org)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many more investigations have been made on cells, sorted according to size, or artificially arrested at various cell cycle checkpoints. (frontiersin.org)
  • While BRCA2 expression is involved in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair, the mechanisms of cell cycle-dependent regulation of BRCA2 gene expression remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transitional checkpoints are therefore crucial for a successful completion of the cell cycle. (janechin.net)
  • G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in this website by year, and whether "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For example, pinocembrin, a flavanone which comprises nearly 55% of the total LOE, has been shown to decrease viability and prevent epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF- in Y-79 retinoblastoma cells (25). (unambitiousus.com)
  • In addition, we designed and screened a panel of gomesin analogues with amino acid modifications that were predicted to influence cell viability. (nature.com)
  • In this study, our data show that Tβ4 was significantly decreased in human HSC cell line LX-2 and CCl4-treated mouse liver, and Tβ4 significantly suppressed cell viability and migration of HSCs. (oncotarget.com)
  • Viability assays and cell cycle analyses were used to test in vitro sensitivity to different standard and novel treatments. (por-journal.com)
  • Strikingly, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition markedly reduced cell viability by inducing a dose-dependent G0/1 arrest and led to mesenchymal-epithelial transition as evidenced by morphological change and increased E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. (por-journal.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells , DNA is found in structures called chromosomes. (coursehero.com)
  • All eukaryotic cells replicate via mitosis, except germline cells that undergo meiosis (see below) to produce gametes (eggs and sperm). (heimduo.org)
  • As scaffolding molecules, they significantly regulate the DNA packaging into the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells compact their large genome into highly ordered chromatin structures within the nucleus. (aging-us.com)
  • Given the considerable stability of the nucleosome, eukaryotic cells employ a staggering array of interconnected molecular mechanisms that locally modify the electrostatic interaction between the highly basic histones and the negatively charged DNA molecules. (aging-us.com)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we show that c-Myc induction during cell cycle entry leads to a transient decrease in Mnt-Max complexes and a transient switch in the ratio of Mnt-Max to c-Myc-Max on shared target genes. (silverchair.com)
  • In UCS, TP53 has been identified as the most frequently mutated gene, followed by mutations in the PI3K pathway, KRAS , cell cycle regulators including FBXW7 and chromatin remodeling and histone genes including ARID1A [ 7 - 9 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • The genes encoding cdks involved in G1-S progression are often amplified in B-cell malignancies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To examine the mechanism of Sch B-induced inhibition of cell Oxi 4503 survival we performed the cell cycle distribution experiment in the presence of Sch B and found that it induced G0/G1 phase arrest. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • In contrast, AJs found between leader cells in the same migrating sheet have cortical flows aligned in the same direction, and no such mechanical inhibition takes place. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • In the G0/G1 growth phase ZAR2 is predominantly located inside the nucleus of the breast cells, binds to the BRCA2 promoter and inhibits the expression of BRCA2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Herein, we also provide evidence that LOE inhibits NF-B signaling by reducing RIP1 protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. (unambitiousus.com)
  • We show that the acetylation mimetic GAC.K316Q does not assemble into higher order oligomers and this modification likely inhibits protein activity in cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Cyclosporine specifically inhibits T-lymphocyte function, with minimal activity against B cells. (medscape.com)
  • Inactivation of Rb may contribute to many human malignancies including familial retinoblastoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, cervical carcinomas, prostate carcinomas, breast carcinomas, and some forms of leukaemias ( Burkhart,2008 ). (eu.org)
  • Triple treatment showed synergism in terms of exhibiting anti-tumorigenic effects by activating the Hippo YAP signaling pathway in the HCT116 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present study we investigated the anticancer effects of Sch B on human CCA cell lines (HCCC-9810 and RBE) and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying these actions which provided experimental evidence for the potential application of Sch B as a new natural antitumor medicine for CCA. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Dr Tabancay received his BS in Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology in 1998 from the University of California, Los Angeles. (usc.edu)
  • His group studies the physical and molecular mechanisms by which cells detect and respond to mechanical signals. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Therefore, cells must be equipped with molecular tools to adapt and respond to constantly fluctuating inputs. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • BRCA2 gene expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
  • Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mitotically active cells of intact segments do not significantly contribute to the blastemal cellular sources. (mdpi.com)
  • Other cellular structures are duplicated during G2, such that each replicated daughter cell produced during mitosis will have all necessary organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc. (coursehero.com)
  • The notion could be that unique cellular mechanisms are triggered in the breast cancer cells to stimulate BRCA2 gene expression as a temporary measure to regulate the growth of the breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
  • Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
  • The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
  • DNA DAMAGE, or the deficiencies in specific cellular components or nutrients may cause the cells to halt before progressing through G1 phase. (umassmed.edu)
  • These antigens are typically expressed in the perinuclear and nuclear interior regions and can be regarded as excellent cellular markers for cell proliferation. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cellular dormancy is a state in which cells are in a quiescent state (the G0 phase). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In patients with prolonged clinical dormancy, the presence of dormant cells is often identified by their lack of the cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 as well as the lack of apoptotic markers [ 12 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Lymphocyte cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry. (rupress.org)
  • Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)
  • Telophase is the fifth and final phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells. (heimduo.org)
  • In the first phase-prophase-a centriole, located outside the nucleus, divides. (heimduo.org)
  • Usually, individual chromosomes cannot be observed in the cell nucleus. (heimduo.org)
  • Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle where chromosomes in the nucleus are evenly divided between two cells. (heimduo.org)
  • During this phase, the cell makes sure that its DNA is intact and that the chromosomes are correctly arranged in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
  • The cell's chromosomes are duplicated during this phase, but they remain in the nucleus. (careforlifee.com)
  • C. sativa compounds interact synergistically for cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and distinct gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • ZAR2 binds to BRCA2/ZAR2 bi-directional promoter in vivo and is responsible, at least in part, for the silencing of BRCA2 gene expression in the G0/G1 phase in human breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
  • We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Pope PA, Pryciak PM. Functional overlap among distinct G1/S inhibitory pathways allows robust G1 arrest by yeast mating pheromones. (umassmed.edu)
  • Whereas the mechanisms activating mechanotransduction are well studied, the reversibility of this process, whereby cells disassemble and reverse force-activated signalling pathways upon cessation of mechanical stimulation is far less understood. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
  • Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Further, halofuginone inhibited the nuclear localization of NF-B and AP1, which are essential transcriptional activators of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), therefore reducing migration and invasiveness of these cells (21). (unambitiousus.com)
  • We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The Invadopodia state is characterized by cell stasis and the presence of invadopodia, whereas the Migration state is defined by cell translocation and the absence of invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
  • SOX9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through BMP2 and mTOR signaling. (cancerindex.org)
  • Overexpression of SOX9 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (cancerindex.org)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) allow cell contact to inhibit epithelial migration yet also permit epithelia to move as coherent sheets. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
  • Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
  • The G1 phase is a period of intense metabolic activity and regulation. (janechin.net)
  • In the present study, up-regulation of SOX9 was observed in both NPC tissues and different NPC cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • The most studied function of the Rb protein is in the regulation of cell cycle progression at the G1/S boundary ( Giacinti,2006 ). (eu.org)
  • In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • BCRC-3 was lowly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
  • For bone formation to happen, osteoblast cells need to proliferate and migrate from the bone marrow compartment to bone surfaces, the place they adhere, differentiate, and deposit the bone matrix concurrently with bone and bony callus resorption by osteoclasts [1]. (acthreceptor.com)
  • Lastly we demonstrate that MDA-MB 231 cells silenced for the endogenous GAC expression and stably expressing an ectopic fiber-prone superactive mutant proliferate more consume higher amounts of glutamine and grow bigger than the wild-type and mock transformed cells. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Their growth arrest is reversible and under certain conditions, such as induction by growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, or chemical agents, the cells can re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate again. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ethanol extracts of C. sativa were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and their cytotoxic activity was determined using alamarBlue-based assay (Resazurin) and tetrazolium dye-based assay (XTT) on cancer and normal colon cell lines and on dysplastic adenomatous polyp cells. (nih.gov)
  • The high resolution data obtained in this assay makes it possible to get a better understanding of cell proliferation. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • Cells that have temporarily or reversibly stopped dividing are said to have entered a state of quiescence called G0 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. (nature.com)
  • Thereafter, a distinct subpopulation of endothelial cells lining the cardinal vein starts differentiating by expressing the TF PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) identity, via the TFs SOX18 and COUPTFII. (nature.com)
  • Non-proliferative (non-dividing) cells in multicellular eukaryotes generally enter the quiescent G0 state from G1 and may remain quiescent for long periods of time, possibly indefinitely (as is often the case for neurons). (wikipedia.org)
  • This study was aimed to specify the cytotoxic effect of C. sativa -derived extracts on colon cancer cells and adenomatous polyps by identification of active compound(s) and characterization of their interaction. (nih.gov)
  • The unheated cannabis extracts (C2F), fraction 7 (F7), and fraction 3 (F3) had cytotoxic activity on colon cancer cells, but reduced activity on normal colon cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • This observation prompted us to characterise the cell-autonomous cytotoxic and anti-proliferative profile of gomesin in DFTD cells and in comparison, to non-transformed (healthy) Tasmanian devil fibroblasts (FIBS). (nature.com)
  • provide the aforesaid proliferative advantage to cancer cells (3-5). (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Furthermore, simultaneous Cre-Lox mediated deletion of Mnt and c-Myc in mouse embryo fibroblasts rescued the cell cycle entry and proliferative block caused by c-Myc ablation alone. (silverchair.com)
  • M phase involves two distinct division-related processes: mitosis and cytokinesis. (heimduo.org)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
  • Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The host response to presence of tumour cells can be represented by the presence of tumour infiltrating immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antitumor therapies targeted to reduce the induction, recruitment, or suppressive activities of the immune cells have been investigated. (researchgate.net)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)
  • The quantification of cell proliferation is one essential prerequisite for the research of biomaterial cytocompatibility in vitro. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • The prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor SUAM-14746 attenuates the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines in vitro. (cancerindex.org)
  • In this regard we now provide novel information demonstrating that the assembly of higher order fiber-like GAC oligomers henceforth termed the GAC superstructure is necessary for proper enzyme activation both in vitro and in a cancer cell model. (colinsbraincancer.com)
  • Here, we evaluated the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the cdk2 inhibitor CVT-313 against several human DLBCL cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
  • The effects of BCRC-3 on cancer cells were explored by transfecting with plasmids in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proliferation of BC cells was suppressed by ectopic expression of BCRC-3 in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD3 is a generic T-cell receptor and will identify all T-cells while CD8 is a marker for cytotoxic T-cells and suppressor T cells [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we report the cell-autonomous antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities exhibited by the spider peptide gomesin (AgGom) and gomesin-like homologue (HiGom) in DFTD cells. (nature.com)
  • The screening of a novel panel of AgGom-analogues revealed that, unlike changes in the hydrophobicity and electrostatic surface, the cytotoxic potential of the gomesin analogues in DFTD cells lies on specific arginine substitutions in the eight and nine positions and alanine replacement in three, five and 12 positions. (nature.com)
  • Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
  • Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
  • Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)
  • Compared to the canonical ones, histone variants contain limited amino acid differences or unique domains with distinct biochemical properties. (aging-us.com)
  • Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These studies expose that LOE suppresses important features of the progression of aggressive breast cancer cells and provides a basis for further definition of its underlying mechanisms of action and anticancer potential. (unambitiousus.com)
  • Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
  • The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Deregulated cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer 12 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, without regard for the normal cycle. (careforlifee.com)
  • Understanding the cell cycle is important for developing treatments for cancer. (careforlifee.com)
  • By targeting only cancer cells in certain phases, we can minimize the side effects of the treatment on normal, healthy cells. (careforlifee.com)
  • Although the Myc oncogene has long been known to play a role in many human cancers, the mechanisms that mediate its effects in both normal cells and cancer cells are not fully understood. (biologists.com)
  • We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telophase begins once the replicated, paired chromosomes have been separated and pulled to opposite sides, or poles, of the cell. (heimduo.org)
  • Mitosis ends with 2 identical cells, each with 2N chromosomes and 2X DNA content. (heimduo.org)
  • Today, mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. (heimduo.org)
  • However, during metaphase of mitosis or meiosis the chromosomes condense and become distinguishable as they align in the center of the dividing cell. (heimduo.org)
  • A)The end product of mitosis is two 2n daughter cells with unduplicated chromosomes where as the end product of meiosis is four n cells with unduplicated chromosomes. (heimduo.org)
  • The replicated chromosomes are moving to opposite ends of the cell. (heimduo.org)
  • In anaphase, the paired chromosomes (sister chromatids) separate and begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell. (heimduo.org)
  • This phase is important because it ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. (careforlifee.com)
  • During this phase, the cell's chromosomes are separated into two equal sets, and each set is moved into a separate daughter cell. (careforlifee.com)
  • Prometaphase: In this phase, the chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers, which will help to pull them apart during division. (careforlifee.com)
  • Metaphase: The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in this phase. (careforlifee.com)
  • The chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite ends of the cell. (careforlifee.com)
  • The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Constitutive nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling offers been shown to contribute to the heightened inflammatory state and survival in TNBC cells. (unambitiousus.com)
  • The presence of intratumoural CD3 positive cells was associated with improved survival (p = 0.028), and intratumoural and stromal CD3 in combination also correlated with improved survival (p = 0.043). (biomedcentral.com)
  • New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
  • In studies in the degree of vascularity of major breast tumors and their axiliary lymph node metastasis, marked variations had been located during the level of vascularity and angiogenesis in individual tumors and their metastatic clones inside of the same patient, raising the possibility that distinct microenvironments affected the tumor's angiogenic response [34]. (dhfrinhibitor.com)
  • During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. (nature.com)
  • Our mission is to provide customers with a professional cell biology research platform. (creative-bioarray.com)
  • However to the best of our knowledge the effects of Sch B on CCA cells and the underlying mechanisms of these effects have not been previously reported. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Cells already have an array of intrinsic defense mechanisms that halt the transformation process. (massgenomics.org)
  • It is also called the growth phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cell cycle is a series of carefully regulated events, including periods of growth, rest, and cell division. (coursehero.com)
  • The G in the G1 and G2 phases stands for 'gap' or 'growth. (coursehero.com)
  • The expression of BRCA2 gene is silenced at the G0/G1 phase of cell growth and is de-silenced at the S/G2 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The length of G1 varies from cell to cell and is determined by the cell's need for growth and development. (careforlifee.com)
  • Furthermore, in germline cysts in which the dm mutant cells comprised only a subset of the 16-cell cluster,we observed strictly cell-autonomous growth defects. (biologists.com)
  • However, in cases in which the entire germline cyst or the whole follicular epithelium was mutant for dm , the growth of the entire follicle, including the wild-type cells, was delayed. (biologists.com)
  • Dormant cells are characterized by their slow growth, their ability to escape frontline treatment and host immunity, and their capability to self-renew. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The c-Myc oncoprotein is strongly induced during the G0 to S-phase transition and is an important regulator of cell cycle entry. (silverchair.com)
  • Quiescent normal adult stem cells serve as a source of self-renewal in the maintenance of multiple adult epithelial tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we perform high-resolution strand-specific R-loop mapping in human cells depleted for Top1 and find that Top1 depletion results in both R-loop gains and losses at thousands of transcribed loci, delineating two distinct gene classes. (escholarship.org)
  • Role of WDHD1 in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oncogenesis Identified by Transcriptional Profiling of E7-Expressing Cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Indeed, both the hESc and human neuroprogenitor cell (hNPC) models provide valid and useful tools for studying DNT. (plos.org)
  • It's how we grow from a single cell into a fully-formed human being. (careforlifee.com)
  • Here, we show that in human epithelial cells this arises from the orientation of cortical flows at AJs. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The expression of Tβ4 was significantly decreased in human HSC cell line LX-2 and CCl4-treated mouse liver. (oncotarget.com)
  • The expression levels of circRNAs, mRNAs and miRNAs in human tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). (biomedcentral.com)
  • One such input is mechanical force, which activates signalling and regulates cell behaviour in the process of mechanotransduction. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • How, then, do cells identify which contacts will inhibit locomotion? (ibecbarcelona.eu)