• Here we analyzed the involvement of aberrant cell cycle progression in 3-NP-induced cell death in these brain regions. (nih.gov)
  • 3-NP also induced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, a marker of cell cycle progression at late G(1) phase, only in striatum. (nih.gov)
  • These results suggest that 3-NP induces aberrant cell cycle progression and neuronal cell death via p27 down-regulation by calpain in striatum but not in the cerebral cortex. (nih.gov)
  • Cell cycle progression is stopped by Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein at the G1 phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • If a malfunction prevents the successful completion of DNA synthesis during the G1 phase, a signal is sent to delay or stop the progression to the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mice lacking the tumor suppressors p16(Ink4a) (Cdkn2a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a), p19(Arf) (an alternative reading frame product of Cdkn2a,), and p27(Kip1) (Cdkn1b, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b) result in malignant progression of epithelial cancers, sarcomas, and melanomas, respectively. (koreamed.org)
  • While several studies addressed how cell motility parameters change throughout the cell cycle, the relationship between invadopodia and cell cycle progression has not been elucidated. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
  • By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Survivin belongs to the family of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) that plays a pivotal role in mitotic progression, apoptosis inhibition, angiogenesis, progression of cancer, and invasion [ 5 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • The interactions of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and their inhibitors regulate cell cycle progression. (springeropen.com)
  • A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
  • RNA interference (RNAi) studies carried out in pancreatic malignancy cells shows that Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4 proteins are involved in VEGF VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 manifestation and knockdown of Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4 by RNAi also affected pancreatic malignancy cell growth and cell cycle progression with a decreased percentage of cells in G2/M and S and improved percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Use of the triple-negative TMX2-28 breast cancer cell line to address the role of SKP2 in cell cycle progression confirmed that SKP2 contributes to a more rapid cell cycle progression and may regulates pSer10p27 levels. (umass.edu)
  • PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
  • A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cell-cycle distribution analyses revealed that Gal-9 maintained further progression of cell cycle from the G1 phase. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The data suggest that Gal-9 plays a central role in inducing their successful progression from G1 to G2 phase by suppressing glomerular expression of TGF-βl and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CDK4 may be useful as a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and its kinase activity has been reported to promote the progression of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (rndsystems.com)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
  • Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)
  • An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
  • These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
  • Knockdown of Annexin A2 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and invasion of NSCLCs cells, and the biological effect of Annexin A2 on proliferation and invasion was mediated by the inhibition of p53, which in turn, promoted cell cycle progression and EMT. (jcancer.org)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
  • CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
  • Normally, cyclin interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) to form a cyclin-CDK complex, which promotes cell cycle progression, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) molecules inhibit the formation of cyclin-CDK complex, arresting cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins are essential in the regulation of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins work by inactivating the CDKs by degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins use ATP as a phosphate contributor to phosphorylate serine and threonine residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Seven cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins have been identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discovery of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins in 1990 opened the door in how we think about cell cycle control. (wikipedia.org)
  • The active cyclin/CDK complex then phosphorylates proteins, activates them, and sends the cell into the next phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eukaryotic expression vectors containing genes encoding plant proteins for killing of cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • consequently, genes encoding some of these proteins are being used to design constructs for the inhibition of multiplying cancer cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
  • Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some mutations impair the protein's ability to interact with regulatory proteins, while others lead to the production of an unstable version of p27 that is quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Ethyl 2-((2 3 bis(nitrooxy)propyl)disulfanyl)benzoate (GT-094) a novel nitro-NSAID induced ROS and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in SW480 and RKO colon cancer cells and treatment with antioxidants GSH and DTT inhibited ROS generation prevented the loss of MMP and reversed the effects on downregulation of Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4 proteins and Sp dependent genes [42]. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Western blotting was performed for detecting changes of apoptosis-associated proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins and state of activation of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, 4E-BP1, and p38-MAPK. (besjournal.com)
  • Western blotting revealed that resveratrol significantly decreased the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (Mcl-1 and Bcl-2) and increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, Bim, and Bad), and induced cleaved-caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner. (besjournal.com)
  • We found that LCH decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT kinase activities and related activating signaling proteins including pEGFR and pAKT. (biomolther.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression and interaction with other cell cycle-associated proteins in mammary carcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this operational system, G1 phase-specific proteolysis of Geminin and S/G2/M phase-specific proteolysis of Cdt1 are supervised using two types of probes comprising the fusion proteins between your degrons of Geminin and of Cdt1 to fluorescent proteins. (e-core.org)
  • Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • Despite a decade-long analysis building RASSF1A as a significant tumor suppressor that has a crucial function in cell development control and apoptosis small is well known about its legislation at the proteins level. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
  • Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is commonly used to analyze biological molecules such as proteins, peptides and lipids from cells or tissue. (koreascience.kr)
  • On the one hand, the UPS acts as a host defense mechanism to selectively recognize HBV proteins as well as special cellular proteins that favor the viral life cycle and induces their ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation to limit HBV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, in the infected hepatocytes, certain cellular proteins that are dependent on the UPS are involved in abnormal biological processes which are mediated by HBV. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These checkpoints' cell cycle blocks at both the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints are consistent with the inhibition profile of the enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a quiescent state, it negatively regulates cell proliferation through the inhibition of the G1 to S phase transition to allow repair of DNA damages [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Therefore inhibition of individual growth/survival-promoting and angiogenic pathways are not effective since malignancy cells can function by relying on alternate pathways. (tam-receptor.com)
  • The mechanisms underlying this reduction of SMC proliferation by HDAC inhibition involve a growth arrest in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle that is due to BVD-523 cost an inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. (cret-signal.com)
  • HDAC inhibition resulted in a transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip). (cret-signal.com)
  • As a result of this differential cell cycle-regulatory gene expression by HDAC inhibition, the retinoblastoma protein retains a transcriptional repression of its downstream target genes required for S phase entry. (cret-signal.com)
  • Finally, we provide evidence that these observations are applicable in vivo by demonstrating that HDAC inhibition decreased neointima formation and expression of cyclin D1 in a murine model of vascular injury. (cret-signal.com)
  • PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
  • Therefore, the reasonable inhibition of autophagy in T-ALL cells may serve as a promising strategy for resveratrol induced apoptosis and can be used as adjuvant chemotherapy for T-ALL. (besjournal.com)
  • This growth inhibition by TRO is linked to the G1 phase cell cycle arrest through the up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 [ 14 - 16 ] and/or repression of cyclin D1 expression [ 17 , 18 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • In MDA-MB-231 cells, ST caused a significant dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by 31- 63% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 48 h and 40-50% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the NCI test model, in contrast to conventional cytostatic preparations which caused the growth inhibition only in some cancer cell lines, like thiotepa inhibited the growth of MLI-09 (non-small lung cancer) and UOK-57LN (renal cancer), NSC631570 killed all 60 tested cancer cell lines (190), which represent the eight important human tumours, including the cell lines which were resistant to the strongest cytostatic drug at the time, cisplatin. (ukrin.com)
  • In order to achieve 50% growth inhibition a tenfold concentration of NSC 631570 had to be administered to normal endothelial cells in comparison to a human osteosarcoma cell line. (ukrin.com)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • BDNF/TrkB signaling protects HT-29 human colon cancer cells from EGFR inhibition. (natprobiotech.com)
  • These effects were associated with inhibition of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 and protein kinase B signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Several mechanisms have already been identified because of its actions on cell routine control for instance RASSF1A-mediated G1/S cell routine arrest continues to be from the inhibition of cyclin D1 accumulating in the nucleus (15) and M-phase of cell routine legislation is certainly from the capability of RASSF1A to modulate the experience of anaphase-promoting complicated (16) and microtubule dynamics (8 11 -14). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Crataeva Nurvala - (Lupeol is the active compound in Crateva) - Collectively, these data suggest the multitarget efficacy of Lupeol on beta-catenin-signaling network thus resulting in the inhibition prostate cancer cell proliferation. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • Inhibition of notch signaling by gamma secretase inhibitor engages the rb pathway and elicits cell cycle exit in t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Primary mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking Cip1 and Kip1 genes encoding inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 were used to further explore the effects of oncogenic Ras on arrest of the cell division cycle. (ku.dk)
  • Although early passage primary fibroblast strains that lack both p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) fail to assemble cyclin D-dependent kinases, oncogenic Ras retained its ability to induce p19(ARF), but not p16(INK4a), protecting Cip/Kip-null cells from proliferating and undergoing transformation. (ku.dk)
  • Therefore, in the absence of p16(INK4a), p21(Cip1), and p27(Kip1), oncogenic Ras affects the functions of genes required for completion of the cell cycle. (ku.dk)
  • Gal-9 reduced glomerular expression of TGF-β1 and the number of p27 Kip1- and p21 Cip1 -positive cells in glomeruli. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gal-9 reversed the high-glucose-mediated upregulation of p27 Kip1 and p21 Cip1 and inhibited cell-cycle-dependent hypertrophy, i.e., reduced [ 3 H]proline incorporation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The CDK4/Cyclin D complex is also negatively regulated by p21/CIP1/CDKN1A and p27/Kip1. (rndsystems.com)
  • C) Semi-quantitative PCR analysis for p27 transcript in the liver of WT and p27Kip1 KO mouse. (koreamed.org)
  • Oncogenic Ras induces p19ARF and growth arrest in mouse embryo fibroblasts lacking p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 without activating cyclin D-dependent kinases. (ku.dk)
  • Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
  • Once a cell is stopped at a checkpoint due to DNA damage, either the damage is repaired or the cell is induced to perform apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor that is associated with tumor proliferation and invasion. (springeropen.com)
  • It is expressed in cancer cells during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and counteracts apoptosis activation during mitosis by interfering with caspase activity [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Similarly ascorbic acid (vitamin C) which induced hydrogen peroxide decreased SW480 and RKO colon cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis and necrosis and this was accompanied by downregulation of Sp1 Sp3 and Sp4. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Resveratrol Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR and Activating p38-MAPK[J]. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 26(11): 902-911. (besjournal.com)
  • Objective To explore the effects of resveratrol-induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells and potential molecular mechanisms. (besjournal.com)
  • Methods The anti-proliferation effect of resveratrol-induced, apoptosis and autophagy on T-ALL cells were detected by using MTT test, immunofluorescence, electronic microscope, and flow cytometry, respectively. (besjournal.com)
  • Results Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-ALL cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. (besjournal.com)
  • When autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA, apoptosis in T-ALL cells induced by resveratrol was enhanced. (besjournal.com)
  • Conclusion Our findings have suggested that resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in T-ALL cells through inhibiting Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 and activating p38-MAPK signaling pathways. (besjournal.com)
  • Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) regulates stress responses, proliferation, and apoptosis in hematopoietic cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Taken together LCH inhibits the growth of Ox-sensitive and Ox-resistant CRC cells by targeting EGFR and AKT, and inducing ROS generation and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. (biomolther.org)
  • Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that are involved in various biologic processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell-cycle regulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Further, cell death effect of ST was associated with induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At lower NSC631570 concentrations malignant cells die as a result of apoptosis, at higher concentrations the formation of microtubules is prevented und polyploidy occurs (62). (ukrin.com)
  • We may conclude that CTX induces apoptosis and autophagy in HT-29 KRK cells through raising the expression of p21, p27 , and p57 genes, as well as ATG4A, LC3A , and BECN1 genes. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Anti-EGFR antibody sensitizes colorectal cancer stem-like cells to Fluorouracil-induced apoptosis by affecting autophagy. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. (natprobiotech.com)
  • In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that G0/G1 phase arrest was induced following pristimerin treatment in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, which was strongly associated with upregulation of p21 and p27, coupled with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, pristimerin induced significant apoptosis of CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, alongside decreased levels of caspase‑3 and specific cleavage of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pristimerin exhibited potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on the OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and SCC-25. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Artemisinin - This study demonstrated that artemisinin -tagged transferrins (ART-Tf) conjugate kills the prostate carcinoma cell line DU 145 by the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • We found that, in the erythropoietin-induced, CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation system, knockdown of p19 INK4d delays terminal erythroid differentiation, inhibits erythroblast growth due to increased apoptosis, and leads to the generation of abnormally nucleated late-stage erythroblasts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More importantly, the cellular factors affected by the HBV also modulate various biological processes, including innate immune response, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, and play vital roles in the development of liver diseases [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family or CDK, Cyclin, and CKIs, serine/threonine kinases play an integral role in regulating the eukaryotic cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • SKP2 overexpression is associated with increased serine 10 phosphorylation of p27 (pSer10p27) in triple-negative breast cancer. (umass.edu)
  • p27 can undergo phosphorylation at serine 10 (pSer10p27). (umass.edu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
  • Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)
  • A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
  • Human cells contain many different cyclins binding to different CDKs. (wikipedia.org)
  • CDKs and cyclins appear and activate at specific cell cycle phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further research has demonstrates that Cdks, cyclins and CKIs play essential roles in processes such as transcription, epigenetic regulation, metabolism, stem cell self-renewal, neuronal functions and spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are expressed in higher numbers in G1 cells to make sure that no S or M CDKs are in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
  • Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. (kegg.jp)
  • This apparent increase in p27 protein expression might have been due to either increased synthesis or decreased degradation, or a combination of both [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P27 is inactivated in cancer cells by various mechanisms including impaired synthesis, accelerated degradation, and mislocalization. (springeropen.com)
  • S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an important cell cycle regulator, targeting the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27 for degradation, and is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. (umass.edu)
  • PD-1 suppressed the transcription of SKP2 , the substrate recognition component of the SCF Skp2 ubiquitin ligase that leads p27 kip1 to degradation and resulted in accumulation of p27 kip1 (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • Like the endogenous HPK1, both wild-type HPK1 and its kinase-dead mutant, HPK1-M46, overexpressed in Panc-1 cells, were also targeted by proteasome-mediated degradation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • As an alternative approach to such conventional inhibitors, the first-in-class small molecule sEH degraders were recently developed by our group that promote the degradation of sEH within cells with superior cellular efficacy compared to sEH inhibitors. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • We additional display that CUL4A-mediated RASSF1A degradation takes place during depletion and mitosis of CUL4A markedly reverses mitotic-phase-stimulated RASSF1A degradation. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
  • Cul4a targets p27 for degradation and regulates proliferation, cell cycle exit, and differentiation during erythropoiesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein (also known as CKIs, CDIs, or CDKIs) is a protein which inhibits the enzyme cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Cyclin activity by stopping the cell cycle if there are unfavorable conditions, therefore, acting as tumor suppressors. (wikipedia.org)
  • p27 slides into the ATP- binding site of CDK2 and inhibits ATP binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • When up-regulated, p27 inhibits G1-to-S phase transition of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, p27 inhibits CDK1, 2, 4, and 6 via relationship with Cyclin-CDK complicated22 and inhibits cell routine development on Asenapine maleate the G1-S and G0CG1 transitions23,24,25,26. (e-core.org)
  • Wu M, Sun Y, Xu F, Liang Y, Liu H, Yi Y. Annexin A2 Silencing Inhibits Proliferation and Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition through p53-Dependent Pathway in NSCLCs. (jcancer.org)
  • Furthermore, it is possible to say that reducing EGF and KRAS gene expression inhibits cancer cell growth. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein induces p19(ink4d) expression and inhibits the proliferation of h1299 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: Data addressing the function of vectors harbouring genes specifically encoding ricin, saporin, lunasin , linamarase, and tomato thymidine kinase 1 under the control of different promoters are summarised here. (weeksmd.com)
  • The mammalian Hes basic helix-loop-helix repressor genes play central roles in these processes by maintaining progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • In many organs, cell proliferation and differentiation are antagonistically regulated by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) activator and repressor genes. (biologists.com)
  • In particular,the Hes bHLH repressor genes play an essential role in the development of many organs by maintaining progenitor cells and by regulating binary cell fate decisions. (biologists.com)
  • Without Hes genes such as Hes1 , however, progenitor cells prematurely differentiate into certain types of neurons only, and are depleted before they have proliferated sufficiently and generated all neuronal and glial cell types. (biologists.com)
  • In these processes, Hes genes function as effectors of Notch signaling, which coordinates cellular events via cell-cell interactions. (biologists.com)
  • To this effect our laboratory has focused on specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) since Sp1 and additional Sp TFs regulate manifestation of multiple genes that are important for malignancy cell growth and survival and Sp TFs can be efficiently targeted by numerous anti-cancer providers. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Microarray analyses revealed that there were significant pleiotropic changes in the expression profiles of several genes, including multiple genes involved in metabolic pathways in cSBL-resistant cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of SKP2, p27, pSer10p27, and other genes involved in this pathway, was analyzed in 188 breast tumors and 50 benign reduction mammoplasty samples. (umass.edu)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
  • CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of individual genes revealed the requirement for both p53 and p27 for the AhR-mediated anti-proliferative effects. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Appearance profiles from the cells in the G0 stage uncovered that they portrayed a couple of genes linked to cell fat burning capacity, inflammatory response, tumor and epigenetics suppression. (e-core.org)
  • Survival, growth, and proliferation of malignant cells are affected by changes in both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. (springeropen.com)
  • Although some mechanism-based medicines show some promise their beneficial restorative efficacy has been limited due to the complex labyrinth-like signaling pathways and regulatory networks that allow tumor cells to grow and survive. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Hence there is a need for restorative focuses on that can simultaneously target multiple pathways in malignancy cells and tumors. (tam-receptor.com)
  • In addition, 11-Cl-BBQ suppressed multiple pathways involved in DNA replication and increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p27 , in an AhR-dependent manner. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
  • In a recent study functional themes associated with Gleason grade include developmental processes, signal transduction, chemokine and embryonic stem cell pathways with specific enrichment of the androgen receptor, EGFR, TNF-alpha, and Notch signaling cascades. (compassionateacupuncture.com)
  • First, we are interested in Epstein Barr Virus-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion with particular emphasis on pathways that promote survival and proliferation of EBV B cell lymphomas, the characterization of the human T cell and NK cell response to EBV and the identification of novel therapeutics for treatment of EBV B cell lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
  • lt;div class="textblock">Oncogenic Ras induces two products of the INK4a/ARF tumor suppressor locus (p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)) in primary human and rodent fibroblasts, ultimately leading to a permanent state of cell cycle arrest resembling replicative senescence. (ku.dk)
  • Under these conditions, Ras did not induce G(1) phase arrest but instead triggered DNA synthesis, abnormal nuclear divisions, failure of cytokinesis, and emergence of polyploid cells. (ku.dk)
  • It also induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase via up regulating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p27 and down regulating cyclin A and cyclin D1. (besjournal.com)
  • Treatment of lung cancer cells with 11-Cl-BBQ induced potent and sustained AhR-dependent anti-proliferative effects by promoting G1 phase cell cycle arrest. (oregonstate.edu)
  • TRO has antiproliferative activity on many kinds of cancer cells via G1 arrest. (e-roj.org)
  • TRO increases radiation sensitivity through G0-G1 arrest or decreases radiation sensitivity through catalase-mediated ROS scavenging according to TRO dose or cell types. (e-roj.org)
  • Furthermore, restoring wild-type HPK1 protein in PDA cells led to the increase in p21 and p27 protein expression and cell cycle arrest. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In this study, the effect of Gal-9 on Gl-phase cell-cycle arrest, one of the hallmark pathologic changes in early diabetic nephropathy, was investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • While exploring the molecular changes associated with strong ST efficacy in breast cancer cells, we observed that ST induced cell cycle arrest as well as cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ST caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest which was accompanied by a decrease in CDK4 and cyclin D1, and an increase in p21/Cip1and p27/Kip1 protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their growth arrest is reversible and under certain conditions, such as induction by growth factors, cytokines, nutrients, or chemical agents, the cells can re-enter the cell cycle to proliferate again. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanistically, our studies showed that knockdown of Annexin A2 increased the expression of p53, which in turn, induced cell cycle G2 arrest and inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (jcancer.org)
  • We also remember that overexpression of CUL4A antagonizes the power of RASSF1A to induce M-phase cell routine arrest. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Several recent research including ours show that RASSF1A induces cell routine arrest in both G1/S- and mitotic (M)-stages (8 11 -16). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • The underlying mechanism responsible for the effects of lunasin on NK cells is likely due to epigenetic modulation on target gene loci. (weeksmd.com)
  • Gene therapy has attracted attention for its potential to specifically and efficiently target cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. (weeksmd.com)
  • Unlike preexisting embryonic stem cell-based knockout mice, our mouse models are free from selectable markers or other external gene insertions, permitting more precise study of cell cycle-related diseases without confounding influences of foreign DNA. (koreamed.org)
  • 1. Artelt P, Grannemann R, Stocking C, Friel J, Bartsch J, Hauser H. The prokaryotic neomycin-resistance-encoding gene acts as a transcriptional silencer in eukaryotic cells. (koreamed.org)
  • Up-regulation of the expression of p27 is likely due to the activation of translation rather than transcription of p27 because (a) up-regulation is mediated by the 5'-untranslated region (-575) of the p27 gene and (b) the antibiotic actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription, did not attenuate the up-regulation of p27. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This latter finding is likely to preclude the existence of cryptic transcription factor binding site(s) in the 5'-untranslated region of p27 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The experimental evidence, presented in the second half of this report, was obtained using the 5'-untranslated region (-575) of p27 gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To address this question, the effects of various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents on the activity of the proximal 5'-upstream region of p27 gene were investigated by transient transfection assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The CDKN1B gene provides instructions for making a protein called p27. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the CDKN1B gene mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the p27 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Specific Aim 2: Establish CRISPR-RNP-Mediated Gene Editing in Primary Human β-Cells. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • There was a statistically significant association between the expression of p27 and both cyclin D1 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), corresponding to their close interactions in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
  • The zinc finger domain of Tzfp binds to the tbs motif located at the upstream flanking region of the Aie1 (aurora-C) kinase gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The p19ink4d cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor gene is altered in osteosarcoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both striatal p27 down-regulation and cell death provoked by 3-NP were dependent on calpain activity. (nih.gov)
  • If cell mutations surpass the cell cycle checkpoints during cell cycle regulation, it can result in various types of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Regulation of the timing of cell differentiation and cell fate choice are key issues for making organs of the right size, shape and cell composition. (biologists.com)
  • Up-regulation appears to be specific to p27 because expression of cyclin D1, E, and A, and p21Cip1/Waf1 was not modulated by these agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provided evidence that the up-regulation of p27 protein expression is at least in part due to increased synthesis and that this increase fairly faithfully recapitulates the cancer preventive activity of nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, changes in regulation that reduce the amount or function of the p27 protein in the nucleus are found in many types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For further confirming the cell-cycle regulation by Gal-9, conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cells were cultured under 5.5 and 25 mM D-glucose supplemented with Gal-9. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CDK4 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus as part of its role in cell cycle regulation. (rndsystems.com)
  • Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
  • Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
  • The G1 phase is a period of intense metabolic activity and regulation. (janechin.net)
  • Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The CUL4A EPZ005687 E3 ligase provides the E2 and substrate in close closeness where ubiquitin could be transferred from the E2 to the substrate (22 23 Some of the known CUL4A substrates include DDB2 (24) Cdt1 (25 26 HOXA9 (22 23 and c-Jun (27) and they have a diverse cellular functions such as DNA repair and replication cell differentiation and transcription regulation (23). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • However, as shown in our study, p19 INK4d played important roles independent of cell cycle regulation, and the lack of cell cycle change was probably due to the compensatory up-regulation of p18 INK4c following p19 INK4d knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our findings provide greater understanding of the role that CDKIs play in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this primer, we describe the key features of Hes factors and detail their roles in some representative processes of embryogenesis: namely, in the development of the nervous and digestive systems, two well-characterized processes, where Hes1 (and Hes3 and Hes5 in the nervous system) regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and in the process of somite segmentation, where Hes7 functions as a biological clock. (biologists.com)
  • P27 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that negatively regulates cell proliferation. (springeropen.com)
  • p27 regulates G1 /S transition by abrogating the activity of cyclin/CDK complexes. (umass.edu)
  • Collectively, these data suggest that PTHrP(12-48) is a bioactive breast cancer-derived peptide that locally regulates the differentiation of hematopoietic cells and the activity of osteoclasts within the tumor-bone marrow microenvironment perhaps to facilitate tumor control of bone. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Embryogenesis involves orchestrated processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • Embryogenesis depends on the timely proliferation of progenitor cells and their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types. (biologists.com)
  • For example, in the developing nervous system of mouse embryos,progenitor cells proliferate and sequentially give rise to different types of cells by changing their differentiation competency. (biologists.com)
  • Studies suggest that p27 is also involved in controlling cell differentiation, which is the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In the present study, we investigated the significance of survivin and P27 expressions in UC of the urinary bladder, by correlating their expression with clinicopathological features, including tumor pattern (papillary or solid), grade of differentiation, and stage of invasion (non-muscle or muscle-invasive). (springeropen.com)
  • Loss of both CDK4 and CDK2 increases neural stem cell differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
  • Role of p27(Kip1) in human intestinal cell differentiation. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Amino acid deficiencies also up-regulate the expression of p27 using some components of this pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Furthermore, we found that p19 INK4d modulates GATA1 protein levels through a novel pathway, the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1)-phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( p ERK)-heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70)-GATA1 pathway [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, our study revealed the cell cycle-independent roles of p19 INK4d in human terminal erythropoiesis via a novel PEBP1- p ERK-HSP70-GATA1 pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Extracellular signals direct the cell-cycle 'engine. (janechin.net)
  • This report addresses the question of whether various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate the expression of p27 in preneoplastic and neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Experimental evidence presented in the first half of this report shows that these agents fairly faithfully up-regulate expression of p27 in mouse epidermal (JB6) and human breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-321, and AU565) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • b) 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (but not tamoxifen), genistein (but not genistin), daidzein, and probably other nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents could up-regulate expression of p27 via receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RPTKs), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinosite-dependent kinase (PDK), Akt/PKB and mTOR. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, (d) global hypomethylation of 5'-m 7 G cap of mRNAs could also up-regulate expression of p27. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on these findings, we conclude that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents up-regulate expression of p27 in (pre)neoplastic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transcriptional and translational control, sequestration in cyclin D1 complexes and localization all regulate p27 in G1 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All of these mutations reduce the amount of functional p27 that is available in the nucleus to regulate the cell cycle. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • During HBV infection, a variety of cellular factors are recruited by the virus to regulate multiple steps in the HBV replication cycle [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
  • Pharmacological experiments revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase activity and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor were cooperatively involved in cell death by 3-NP in striatal neurons, whereas only NMDA receptor was involved in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in cortical neurons. (nih.gov)
  • This dynamic oscillatory behavior is regulated by the activity of ECM receptor integrin β1, which determines the length of time a cell spends in each state. (biorxiv.org)
  • Receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs), SMAD1, 2, 3, 5, and 8, are the only SMADs directly phosphorylated and activated by the kinase domain of type I receptors. (shu.edu)
  • Open in a separate window Physique 1 Serotonin 1A receptor-mediated activation of PKC and ERK1/2 in proliferating hippocampal neuron-derived HN2-5 cells. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Low levels of p27 were seen in high-grade, rapidly proliferating, oestrogen receptor-negative tumours. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Growth factors that signal through tyrosine-kinase receptor families include the epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming-growth factor-α (TGF-α). (janechin.net)
  • The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. (lookformedical.com)
  • Paclitaxel enhances the effects of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody ImClone C225 in mice with metastatic human bladder transitional cell carcinoma. (natprobiotech.com)
  • These events resulted in upregulation of the Cdk4/6 inhibitor p15 INK4B and repression of the Cdk-activating phosphatase Cdc25A. (shu.edu)
  • Colorectal cancer cells are resistant to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody through adapted autophagy. (natprobiotech.com)
  • CKIs help promote the specific inhibitory signals that contain the cell from entering the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Role in cancer: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) mutants are frequent in human cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • When there is uncontrolled cell growth, it can lead to cancer cells due to the inactivation of the CKIs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The p16(Ink4a) and p19(Arf) knockout mice were generated via transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and p27(Kip1) knockout mice via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9). (koreamed.org)
  • Whereas p16(INK4a) antagonizes the activities of cyclin D-dependent kinases, p19(ARF) activates the p53 transcription factor. (ku.dk)
  • Evidence from studies carried out in this laboratory and others show that Sp transcription factors are overexpressed in several tumor cell lines including colon bladder pancreatic prostate breast thyroid and esophageal malignancy cell lines and play a crucial part in tumor growth development and metastasis Semagacestat [48-53]. (tam-receptor.com)
  • 11-Cl-BBQ, a select modulator of AhR-regulated transcription, suppresses lung cancer cell growth via activation of p53 and p27. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Investigation of 11-Cl-BBQ-induced transcription in H460 cells with or without the AhR expression by RNA-sequencing revealed activation of p53 signalling. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Multiple studies have shown that transcription factors play a critical role in regulating β-cell maturation. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • I have designed proof-of-concept experiments to validate this approach, including targeting of the transcription factor PDX1, followed by experiments designed to simultaneously target two regulatory elements of the key beta cell enzyme, PCSK1. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • Within cells, p27 is located primarily in the nucleus, where it plays a critical role in controlling cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Still other mutations prevent p27 from moving from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, if CKI's mutations don't stop the cell, the Cyclin D is transcribed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors controlling the G1 phase of the cell cycle are prevalent in various cancers. (koreamed.org)
  • Like the mutations that cause multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4, these genetic changes reduce the amount of functional p27 available to control cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recent evidence suggests that unscheduled cell cycle activity leads to neuronal cell death. (nih.gov)
  • In cortical neurons, however, there was no change in somatic Ca(2+) and calpain activity by 3-NP, and calpain inhibitors were not protective. (nih.gov)
  • In mammals, p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein, helps control CDK activity in G1. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, NK cells stimulated with lunasin plus cytokines displayed higher tumoricidal activity than those stimulated with cytokines alone using in vitro and in vivo tumor models. (weeksmd.com)
  • Because p27 plays such a key role in controlling cell division, its activity is tightly regulated. (medlineplus.gov)
  • cSBL exerts marked antitumor activity against numerous types of cancer cells, with low toxicity to normal cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • cyclin D1 mRNA expression and cyclin D1 promoter activity. (cret-signal.com)
  • P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
  • Full holoenzyme activity of the cyclin D1-Cdk4 complex is induced by mitogen recruitment of CAK. (shu.edu)
  • By 5 µM TRO for 24 hours, the mRNA, protein expression and activity of catalase were increased in all three cell lines. (e-roj.org)
  • Treatment of Panc-1 cells with a proteasome inhibitor, MG132, increased the HPK1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that alteration in proteasome activity contributes to the loss of HPK1 protein expression in pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We investigated the antiproliferative activity of licochalcone H (LCH), a regioisomer of licochalcone C derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, in oxaliplatin (Ox)-sensitive and -resistant CRC cells. (biomolther.org)
  • In multivariate analysis, p27 was not an independent predictor of survival when either histological grade or proliferative activity (S-phase fraction) was included in the model. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We have shown that in clinical material p27 expression is associated with proliferative activity and while univariate analysis shows it to be a significant indicator of prognosis, this significance is lost in multivariate analysis when traditional prognostic factors are included in the model. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (thermofisher.com)
  • Recent studies have revealed numerous potential regulators of adult islet function, many of which are not expressed in mouse or immature human β-like cells. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • Overall, the experiments proposed here should prioritize novel regulators of adult human β-cell function. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • The interest in p27 expression in mammary carcinoma lies in its behaviour when examined in combination with other G1 cell cycle regulators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mutation of cell-cycle regulators biological and clinical implications for human neoplasia. (natprobiotech.com)
  • several cell cycle regulators such as the CDK inhibitor p27 (30 -32). (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Immortalized rodent fibroblast cell lines that lack INK4a/ARF function, ARF alone, or p53 are resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of oncogenic Ras and instead continue to proliferate and undergo morphological transformation. (ku.dk)
  • Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, overexpression of aurora-A in particular cell lines such as NIH3T3 is sufficient to induce growth on soft agar. (lookformedical.com)
  • These studies suggest that overexpression of CUL4A may contribute to dysregulation of cell cycle control in human cancers. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • experiments display that actually targeted therapies for disrupting growth and survival of malignancy cells are complex and not completely understood. (tam-receptor.com)
  • Cell survival by radiation was measured with clonogenic assay. (e-roj.org)
  • All forms of diabetes are consequence of impaired function or survival of pancreatic islet b cells. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • In univariate analysis, low p27 expression was associated with a reduced relapse-free and overall survival. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When the combined expression of p27 and cyclin D1 was related to survival, patients with high levels of p27, regardless of their cyclin D1 status, did well, whilst those with low p27 had a poor outcome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
  • Nevertheless, transduced cells with mVenus-p27WT weren't set up stably, because Asenapine maleate of the CDK inhibitory function of p27 probably. (e-core.org)
  • Results demonstrated that pristimerin was toxic against the two cell lines, and exhibited inhibitory effects against proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • nevertheless little is well known about how exactly RASSF1A is certainly regulated through the EPZ005687 mitotic stage from the cell routine. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • We have also provided evidence that CUL4A-mediated RASSF1A ubiquitination occurs during mitotic phase of the cell cycle and CUL4A suppresses the ability. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) is a 303 amino acid (aa) member of the Ser/Thr kinase family with a predicted molecular weight of 33.7 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
  • Since the cell with damaged DNA is not stopped, the cell eventually moves out of the G1 checkpoint and prepares for DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further studies were conducted to gain some insight into the molecular basis of this increase in the synthesis of p27. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P27 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) that controls protein synthesis during the cell cycle. (springeropen.com)
  • Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
  • It moves into the cytoplasm and eventually activates a specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). (wikipedia.org)
  • Numerous vectors have been engineered for the sole purpose of killing cancer cells, and some have successfully suppressed malignant tumours. (weeksmd.com)
  • This means that NSC631570 can differentiate between healthy and malignant cells, a feature not yet managed by other anti-cancer drugs. (ukrin.com)
  • Researchers at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna compared NSC631570's inhibitive effect on the reproduction of malignant and normal cells. (ukrin.com)
  • Laser scanning microscopy showed a high capacity to absorb NSC631570 in malignant cells while absorption in normal cells was considerable lower under the same experimental conditions (36). (ukrin.com)
  • However, under these microenvironmental conditions, only 15% of tumor cells assemble invadopodia at any given time, while the rest are non-motile. (biorxiv.org)
  • they are not inherited and are present only in tumor cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Understanding the dormant stage of tumor cells may help in discovering ways to maintain the dormant state or permanently eliminate dormant residual disseminated tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor dormancy is a recognized clinical phenomenon in which disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) remain occult, asymptomatic, and undetectable over a prolonged period of time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dormancy can occur at the earliest stage of tumor development but also when remnant tumor cells escape treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tests on human cervical carcinoma cells HeLa, squamous cell carcinoma WHCO5 and normal equine lung cell lines demonstrated that NSC631570 is selectively toxic against cancer cells. (ukrin.com)
  • NSCLCs including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, constitute 80% of all lung cancers [ 2 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • In the present study, the anticancer potential of pristimerin was investigated in two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, CAL‑27 and SCC‑25. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 90% are squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Because it is very invasive, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is poor ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Researchers believe that p27 may have other functions in the cytoplasm, but these functions have not been well described. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These results suggest prominent in vitro anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ST in MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among lung cancers, nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Together, the results indicate that presence of high SKP2 plus high pSer10p27 levels in triple-negative breast cancers is associated with aggressive growth, and highlight the validity of using SKP2 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for treating this subset of breast cancers. (umass.edu)
  • It could be divided into two categories, small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). (jcancer.org)
  • Using a specific human PTHrP(12-48) antibody that we developed, PTHrP(12-48) was immunolocalized in primary and bone metastatic human breast cancer cells, as well as within human osteoclasts (OCL) in bone metastasis biopsies, with little or no localization in other resident bone or bone marrow cells. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • The central hypothesis is that small molecule sEH degrader has higher efficacy to reduce hepatic insulin resistance and BAT regression compared to sEH inhibitors. (einsteinmed.edu)
  • The mammalian cell cycle is stringently regulated and orderly process by which a cell reproduces. (janechin.net)
  • The only exception, in the latter group, was patients with tumours expressing high levels of cyclin D1, who did as well as the high p27 group. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Many aspects of Hes expression are regulated by Notch signaling, which mediates cell-cell communication. (biologists.com)
  • c) Expression of p27 could also be up-regulated via RPTKs followed by MAPKs - MEK, ERK and p38MAPK - and probably MNK. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Preliminary studies using either N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU)-induced rat breast cancer model or human breast cancer cell lines in vitro had suggested, but not proved, that nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents increase p27 protein expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Preliminary studies using in vivo model of MNU-induced rat mammary cancer and in vitro model of cultured cells had suggested - but not proved - that various nutritional and chemopreventive anti-cancer agents, including moderate dietary restriction, up-regulated the expression of p27 (Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We aimed to investigate the expression of survivin and P27 in UC of urinary bladder and correlate their expressions with histopathological parameters in an attempt at studying the possibility of their use as targeted therapies. (springeropen.com)
  • Immunopositivity (number of positive cases) and expression score (percentage of positive urothelial cells) were evaluated. (springeropen.com)
  • By logistic regression test, survivin expression can be a predictive risk factor associated with solid pattern and high-grade UC, while P27 expression can be a predictive risk factor associated low-grade UC. (springeropen.com)
  • High survivin and low P27 expression scores were associated with the studied prognostic factors of UC. (springeropen.com)
  • Surface Gb3 expression was higher in TOS1 and TOS3 cells than in TOS3LN and ACHN cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • The change of radiation sensitivity by combined with TRO is not dependent on the PPARγ expression level. (e-roj.org)
  • After MG132 withdrawal, wild-type HPK1 protein expression was markedly decreased within 24 hours, but kinase-dead HPK1 mutant protein expression was sustained for up to 96 hours. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The in silico prediction was confirmed by the lack of PTHrP(12-48)-stimulated cAMP accumulation in PTHR1-expressing human SaOS2 cells. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • The structure of CDK2-CyclinA and p27 is determined by crystallography, demonstrating that the inhibitor of p27 stretches at the top of the Cyclin-CDK complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also blocks Cyclin A-CDK2 from further phosphorylating pRb to maintain S phase. (shu.edu)
  • The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)