• RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Tumour suppression is achieved via the inhibition of cell division, induction of apoptosis (cell death) to remove altered cells, DNA damage repair, and inhibition of mechanisms that cause spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body (metastasis). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • In fact they they often code for proteins that stimulate cell division, prevent cell differentiation or regulate programmed cell death (apoptosis) within normal tissues and in this way they cause a controlled turnover of functional cells within an organ. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
  • The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
  • Stable monoubiquitinated form of wild type p53, accumulates in the cytoplasm and interacts with BAK or BAX proteins in mitochondria to induce apoptosis Thus Kevetrin activates both transcription dependent and transcription independent pathways to promote apoptosis. (shu.edu)
  • In pediatric solid tumors and brain tumors, PLK1 inhibition leads to apoptosis in vitro and in tumor xenografts. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Quercetin also improve the action of the drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) promoting increased expression of p53 and apoptosis in breast cancer T47D cells [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To prevent hyper-proliferation, aberrant cells can be eliminated through apoptosis. (utrgv.edu)
  • E2F can induce apoptosis through two pathways: through transactivation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 or through Rb de-repression. (utrgv.edu)
  • The study also demonstrates that mice with a high degree of chromosomal instability and defective programmed cell death (apoptosis), two hallmarks of cancer, rarely develop tumors. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Whether or not a tumor develops depends on the moment of the cell cycle in which the damage occurs, which repair pathways components are affected, and which others are impaired in terms of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest", explains the North-American Travis H. Stracker, head of the "Genomic Instability and Cancer" group and an expert in DNA repair pathways and its implications on human health. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Next, they combined them with other mutations affecting cell cycle checkpoints or apoptosis until they hit upon the combinations that are sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis or to generate certain types of tumors. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Such proteins activate programmed cell death (apoptosis) or cell cycle arrest (senescence). (rdworldonline.com)
  • In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although RT is an important modality for cancer treatment, the consequential changes caused by RT in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have not yet been fully elucidated. (nature.com)
  • During RT, alterations in signaling pathways result in changes in the local immune microenvironment. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • Other cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as B cells, monocytes, macrophages and natural killer cells impact how T cells work. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • I studied the tumor microenvironment of liver cancer during my graduate training in Hong Kong. (stanford.edu)
  • DNA signature analyses including APOBEC and homologous recombination repair deficiency, as well as gene expression profiling to assess immune-related signatures and tumor microenvironment are underway. (duke.edu)
  • The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
  • If a mutation occurs in the proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene , more of these proteins are produced and this leads to unregulated cell division, a slower rate of cell differentiation and increased inhibition of the normal cell death, so cells build up, causing cancer and forming a tumour. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The most potent nanobody-based CAR-T cells show inhibition of large tumor xenografts in mice with rigorous T-cell signaling and significant T-cell infiltration into the tumor. (nature.com)
  • The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • TP53 inhibition allows LINE-1 + cells to grow, and genome-wide-knockout screens show that these cells require replication-coupled DNA-repair pathways, replication-stress signaling and replication-fork restart factors. (nih.gov)
  • nevertheless scientific trials have got generally confirmed too little response in these tumours to inhibition of the pathways [5,6]. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) has emerged as an imperfect biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) outcomes in solid tumors. (duke.edu)
  • Concurrent predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibition such as MSI-H and PDL-1 positivity are also more prevalent in TMB-H MBC. (duke.edu)
  • Combining in-silico interactome analysis and functional target gene inhibition, stochastic modelling and live cell microscopy, we show here that there exists a dynamic feedback loop that is triggered by a DNA damage response (DDR) and, which after a delay of several days, locks the cell into an actively maintained state of 'deep' cellular senescence. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Use of targeted next generation sequencing to characterize tumor mutational burden and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in small cell lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Aggressive tumors typically demonstrate a high glycolytic rate, which results in resistance to radiation therapy and cancer progression via several molecular and physiologic mechanisms. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, poorer prognosis in cancer patients who display a glycolytic phenotype characterized by metabolic alterations, such as obesity and diabetes, is now well established, providing another link between metabolic pathways and cancer progression. (springer.com)
  • Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. (medsci.org)
  • Deregulated signaling pathways are a hallmark feature of oncogenesis and driver of tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
  • A vast amount of research exists on the possible molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D affects cancer cell proliferation, cancer progression, angiogenesis, and inflammation. (mdpi.com)
  • This allowed us to distinguish between pathways whose dysregulation is probably necessary throughout tumorigenesis and those whose involvement specifically drives progression from one stage to the next. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)
  • Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)
  • Rb is able to suppress cell proliferation by binding to the E2F family of transcription factors, inhibiting its ability to activate transcription of genes necessary for cell cycle progression. (utrgv.edu)
  • Here at Stanford, I am using different genome editing tools and mouse models to investigate the role of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and immune tolerance in liver cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • It is found among several proteins that bind directly to retinoblastoma protein, which regulates cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • High tumor proliferation has previously been associated with response to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
  • Hypoxia and genetic defects that chronically drive proliferation leave such tumors dependent on a steady supply of nutrients, especially glucose. (springer.com)
  • This includes the activation of oncogenes (genes associated with cancers) and interference with the cell cycle checkpoints that control the proliferation or death of cells. (preventionstartshere.org)
  • Colonic epithelial cells proliferation of group IV (DPE 250 mg/kgBW) were significantly lower than III and V groups. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings indicate that the DPE could inhibit colonic epithelial cells proliferation through p53 pathway independently. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In CAC, intestinal inflammation play critical role that induce DNA damage and cellular proliferation pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • studies confirmed as a novel and essential mediator of cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Interpretation We identified as becoming amplified and overexpressed in poor prognosis HGSOC analyses and shown that is a novel and essential oncogene in HGSOC which mediates proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints like a potential novel driver of HGSOC. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • We confirmed the prognostic capacity of in multiple self-employed datasets and studies showed the essentiality of this protein in regulating cell proliferation and survival. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Importantly, we validated that mediates cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in ovarian malignancy. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • MTT colorimetric assays, colony formation assays and 5‑ethynyl‑20‑deoxyuridine incorporation assays were also conducted to evaluate ACC cell proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, a PPI network can be modeled as an undirected graph, where vertices represent proteins and edges represent interactions between proteins, to prioritize disease associated genes or pathways and to understand the modus operandi of disease mechanisms [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
  • Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
  • This CAC is associated with the cell cycle and its regulation is affected by the tumor suppressor proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in proteins involved with the Rb/E2F pathway can result in hyper-proliferative cells that overtime can acquire and accumulate additional mutations, which could lead to tumorigenesis. (utrgv.edu)
  • The current checkpoint inhibitors block checkpoint proteins such as PD‐1 on T cells or PD‐L1 on tumor cells, allowing immune system eradication of cancers. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • If the repair is defective and the cell accumulates many genomic errors, "watch-out" proteins step in, such as tumor suppressor p53. (rdworldonline.com)
  • A very complex network of pathways and proteins are involved", explains the researcher. (rdworldonline.com)
  • For example, in the hereditary cancer syndromes familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, mutations have been discovered in the APC gene and DNA mismatch repair genes. (medscape.com)
  • For example, studies suggest that ccRCC is closely associated with tumor suppressor von-Hippel Lindau ( VHL ) gene mutations that lead to stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 α and HIF-2 α , also known as HIF1A and EPAS1) in both sporadic and familial forms [ 5 , 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • DUSP4 alterations lead to hyperactivation of MAPK signaling in many cancers, including breast cancer, which often harbor mutations in cell cycle checkpoint genes, particularly in TP53. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Initiation and propagation of tumors reflect underlying genomic alterations such as mutations, polymorphisms, and copy number variations found in genes of multiple cellular pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • Inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for about five to ten percent of women's cancers.These inherited variations, identified in breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer susceptibility, can be characterized in the general population by their frequency and the magnitude of their impact upon a patient (Table 1 ).Some inherited variants occur rarely in the general population, but confer large risks to the individual. (hindawi.com)
  • Although inherited mutations in a small number of genes account for only about five to ten percent of women's cancers, by far the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are the most common examples of this observation (50-70% of familial breast cancers) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The exact mechanism by which aromatic amines cause cancer is not yet known but scientists believe they may bind with DNA causing mutations or interacting with other molecules causing inflammation or oxidative stress that can lead to cellular damage or changes in gene expression. (preventionstartshere.org)
  • It has also been found that exposure to aromatic amines can lead to DNA damage through oxidative stress, which may increase genetic mutations resulting in cancerous cell growth. (preventionstartshere.org)
  • A proto-oncogene is a gene that becomes an oncogene, a gene that has the potential to cause cancer, through mutations or an increase in expression. (shu.edu)
  • The PLD1 gene is sometimes overexpressed in a cell through mutations or extra signaling to the cell. (asdrp.org)
  • Specific molecular therapy can target mutated cell lines in which DNA defect repair is altered, caused by mutations of BRCA2, partner and localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) or the transmembrane protease serine 2-ERG (TMPRSS2-ERG) fusion. (bjbms.org)
  • Altogether, our study shows that AT and A(-T) cases bearing truncation mutations of the ATM gene can produce modest amounts of full-length (and only rarely truncated) ATM protein. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers utilized mice carrying mutations in key DNA repair genes involved in cancer. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Although these mutations take place at a higher sAJM589 regularity, HGSOC tumors have already been been shown to be C course tumors seen as a recurrent DNA duplicate number modifications and few various other common mutations. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Cell-free DNA in the supernatant of pleural effusion can be used to detect driver and resistance mutations, and can guide tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment decisions. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
  • Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Known as checkpoint inhibitors, PD-1 and PD-L1 put the brakes on T cells. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • Regardless, the overall insufficient drug-able targets portrayed in HGSOC tumours and the truth that the entire prognosis for HGSOC hasn't improved drastically within the last several decades, regardless of the latest addition of PARP inhibitors [11], shows that there's a critical have to understand the systems that result in tumour development and advancement. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), but these tumors do not always respond to inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1). (stanford.edu)
  • Retinoblastoma-binding protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP8 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein product of the murine double minute gene 2 (mdm-2) plays a central role in the regulation of p53. (lu.se)
  • The objective of this work is to identify dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC temporally according to systematic tracking of the dysregulated modules of reweighted Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks. (hindawi.com)
  • Oestrogen enters target cells, and binds with a receptor protein. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) is a critical negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and is often deleted or epigenetically silenced in tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In solid tumors, the B7-H3 transmembrane protein is an emerging target that harbours two distinct epitope motifs, IgC and IgV, in its ectodomain. (nature.com)
  • The other project involves the study of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human p53 gene that results in either arginine (R) or proline (P) at position 72 of the p53 protein. (mdanderson.org)
  • Recent studies have elucidated a biochemical pathway for Fanconi anemia that culminates in the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein. (ashpublications.org)
  • This gene then codes for a protein, specifically an enzyme. (asdrp.org)
  • Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Most benefits were demonstrated in cyclin dependent-kinase 12 ( CDK12) mutated cell lines when treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapy. (bjbms.org)
  • Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a tumor suppressor protein that controls a critical checkpoint between the G1 phase and the S phase of the cell cycle. (utrgv.edu)
  • PD‐1 is considered a checkpoint protein because it enables the immune system to control the action of T cells by either turning activation signals up or down. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • We characterized the ATM protein expression in immortalized cells from AT and AT-variant patients, and heterozygotes and correlated it with two ATM-dependent radiation responses, G1 checkpoint arrest and p53-Ser 15 phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • The radiation-induced phosphorylation of p53 protein at serine 15, largely mediated by ATM kinase, was defective in AT, A(-T) and in 2/4 heterozygous carriers, while the G1 cell cycle checkpoint was disrupted in all AT and A(-T) cases, and in 3/10 AT heterozygotes. (nih.gov)
  • Our study additionally shows that the majority of AT heterozygotes express almost halved levels of ATM protein, sufficient in most cases to normally regulate the ATM-dependent DNA damage-response pathway. (nih.gov)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Following this, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were included in Gene Ontology enrichment, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein‑protein interaction network and survival analyses. (cancerindex.org)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, the successful application of these emerging cell-based therapies in solid tumors remains limited. (nature.com)
  • Despite the approval for pembrolizumab in all TMB-high (TMB-H) solid tumors, the optimal clinical approach to TMB-H or hypermutated advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is unknown with sparse prospective data. (duke.edu)
  • The current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system tumors recommends integrated histo-molecular diagnosis of gliomas. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this pre-clinical study led by Rajeev Vibhakar, MD , investigators from multiple departments at Children's Hospital Colorado, including the Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program and the Neuro-Oncology Program for Children with Central Nervous System Tumors , sought to determine the effects of onvansertib on MYC-driven medulloblastoma as a monotherapy or in combination with radiation. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
  • Genome wide association studies, fluorescence in situ hybridization, comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate gene studies have enumerated genetic contributors to cancers in women. (hindawi.com)
  • Based on the heterogeneity within a specific tumor type, a combination of genomic alterations defines the cancer subtype, biologic behavior, and in some cases, response to therapeutics. (hindawi.com)
  • This study demonstrates that genomic instability per se is not sufficient to initiate a tumor and that we cannot generalize. (rdworldonline.com)
  • Her laboratory takes multidisciplinary approach to identify important players in the DNA damage response and define the roles of these genes in maintaining genomic stability and tumor suppression. (mdanderson.org)
  • Defects in the ability of cells to properly respond to and repair DNA damage result in genomic instability and underlie many forms of cancer. (mdanderson.org)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Genomic evaluation of tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) versus TMB-low (TMB-L) metastatic breast cancer to reveal unique mutational features. (duke.edu)
  • Genomic profiling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and a pathway towards therapy individualization: A scoping review. (cdc.gov)
  • Immune-inflamed tumors are called hot tumors, while the latter two are collectively referred to as cold tumors, and they respond poorly to immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • Preclinical studies have shown that stronger and broader immune responses can be generated if immunotherapy is administered while the tumor and/or draining lymph nodes are intact. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • At this time, neoadjuvant or preoperative immunotherapy is approved for use in combination with chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • Now we are enrolling patients in clinical trials to study tumors before and after immunotherapy and gain insights into biological changes in the tumor caused by the drugs. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • The vast majority of success in cancer immunotherapy has been in targeting the PD-1 and PD-L1 pathway," Mittendorf says. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • However, alterations to tumour suppressor genes can lead to the development of tumours. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Analyzing preinvasive tumors of different sizes can therefore shed light on the sequence of these alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over the last two decades, studies based on genome-wide gene expression and functional profiling have revealed the great diversity of transcriptional alterations occurring in liver carcinogenesis. (aging-us.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This pathway modifies p53 targets, leading to enhanced p53-mediated expression of DUSP4, resulting in cellular senescence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, nitrosamines have been found to disrupt epigenetic processes by modifying histones which alter gene expression and modify cellular physiology making malignant transformation more likely. (preventionstartshere.org)
  • Additionally, scientists have found that this relationship is an important part of a number of complex cellular signaling cascade pathways, including Ras, β-catenin, myc, Rb, and many more. (shu.edu)
  • Multiple genes negatively impact overall cellular fitness and are targets for effective treatment. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cellular senescence-the permanent arrest of cycling in normally proliferating cells such as fibroblasts-contributes both to age-related loss of mammalian tissue homeostasis and acts as a tumour suppressor mechanism. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Important concepts and elements of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and cell biology, are examined in an experimental context. (princeton.edu)
  • While completing original research, you will employ techniques used by cell and molecular biologists and developmental geneticists. (princeton.edu)
  • Intriguingly, many of these mechanisms utilize the same molecular pathways that are altered through calorie and/or carbohydrate restriction. (springer.com)
  • The tumors were divided into three molecular groups on the basis of their IDH1 and ATRX mutation status: (1) Group 1: IDH1 negative and ATRX positive, (2) Group 2: IDH1 positive and ATRX positive, (3) Group 3: IDH1 positive and ATRX negative. (bvsalud.org)
  • We used a molecular pathway-based approach to analyze transcriptomic profiles of 59 colorectal tumors representing early and late preinvasive stages and the invasive stage of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)
  • Thus, MRs comprise typically a small number of TF-encoding genes (and their products) that control a disproportionate level of gene expression, giving rise to distinct molecular phenotypes associated with a particular disease. (aging-us.com)
  • Our findings indicate that tumor associated macrophages including Kupffer cells, have a profound impact on liver cancer and I am studying the molecular basis for these effects. (stanford.edu)
  • Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. (stanford.edu)
  • It is also associated with BRCA1 and is thought to modulate the functions of BRCA1 in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and/or cell cycle checkpoint control. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is suggested that this gene may itself be a tumor suppressor acting in the same pathway as BRCA1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most cases of breast cancer do not 'run in families', but the well-known genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase the risk of developing breast cancer (and also ovarian cancer). (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Most women have a 12% chance of developing breast cancer in their lifetime, and women with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes may have as much as an 80% chance, and they are more likely to develop it at an early age. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Examples of these genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast and ovarian cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • 1) How does the hereditary breast tumor suppressor BRCA1 interaction network suppress breast tumor development? (mdanderson.org)
  • Opportunistic testing of BRCA1, BRCA2 and mismatch repair genes improves the yield of phenotype driven hereditary cancer gene panels. (cdc.gov)
  • The first miRNA was discovered in 1993 by Lee, Freinbaum and Ambros ( 6 , 7 ), and since then an increasing load of literature data have pointed that they can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)
  • The pathways leading to establishment of senescence are proving to be more complex than was previously envisaged. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The genes TP53 and CHEK2 are also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • We find that nontransformed cells undergo a TP53-dependent growth arrest and activate interferon signaling in response to LINE-1. (nih.gov)
  • The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 3) How does the cell protect genome stability in response to DNA replication stress? (mdanderson.org)
  • A mutation, or (increased or abnormal) methylation, in a tumour suppressor gene may adversely affect the expression or transcription of the gene so that the amino acid sequence and hence the primary structure of its polypeptide product is altered. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Here, we generate dromedary camel nanobodies targeting B7-H3 and demonstrate that CAR-T cells, based on the nanobodies recognizing the IgC but not IgV domain, had potent antitumour activity against large tumors in female mice. (nature.com)
  • Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • Based on their findings, Phase 3 trials are under way to confirm these findings, including the KEYNOTE-689 trial of adjuvant and neoadjuvant pembrolizumab combined with standard of care in patients with resectable, locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • Pharmacogenomics represents an irreplaceable tool to individualize patients treatment based on germline and tumor acquired somatic genetic variations able to predict drugs response and risk of toxicities. (oaepublish.com)
  • Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Elevated levels of replicative stress in gynecological cancers arising from uncontrolled oncogenic activation, loss of key tumor suppressors, and frequent defects in the DNA repair machinery are an intrinsic vulnerability for therapeutic exploitation. (bmj.com)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which makes up only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • Despite these advances made in identifying inherited breast cancer susceptibility genes, the vast majority of breast cancers are sporadic, that is, no identifiable mutation in one of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes. (hindawi.com)
  • Mdm2 is a proto-oncogene that is amplified in approximately 7% of cancers and is frequently seen in soft tissue tumors. (shu.edu)
  • Most prostate cancers can be treated by targeting the androgen-receptor pathway and decreasing androgen production or binding to androgen receptors (AR). (bjbms.org)
  • A few gene therapy trials now target head and neck cancer, which comprises only 4% of all cancers but has a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. (medscape.com)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 80% of lung cancers, whose ravages has intensely hijacked welfare of human beings for the tremendous burden on health and economy [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our HCC signature covered well-established liver cancer hallmarks, and network analyses revealed coordinated interaction between several MRs. One novel MR, SEC14L2 , exerted an anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells and strongly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. (aging-us.com)
  • Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Increasing evidence suggested EMT was involved in cancer invasion, metastasis ( 16 ) and the malignancy of tumors ( 17 ), often marked by reduction of E-cadherin and induction of N-cadherin ( 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In addition, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) produced by irradiated tumor cells can be captured by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the TME and presented to T cells. (nature.com)
  • Rational design of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells based on the recognition of antigenic epitopes capable of evoking the most potent CAR activation is an important objective in optimizing immune therapy. (nature.com)
  • Our results highlight the importance of the specific target antigen epitope in governing optimal CAR-T activity and provide a nanobody-based B7-H3 CAR-T product for use in solid tumor therapy. (nature.com)
  • P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
  • In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Identifying candidate precursors or enabling genes may pave the way for cancer screening, as with the ret proto-oncogene and medullary thyroid carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • p21 and other tumor suppressor genes' inactivation are therefore most likely involved in the first steps of the cancer model, with later stages possibly involving protooncogene activation and inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer and accounts for approximately 60% to 70% of all renal tumors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • for example, Chu and Chen [ 13 ] combined PPI and gene expression data to construct a cancer perturbed PPI network in cervical carcinoma to study gain- and loss-of-function genes as potential drug targets. (hindawi.com)
  • Cancer cells can recur if they are not completely removed. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • This reverses its normal inhibitory action, resulting in the rapid and uncontrollable cell division which is the hallmark of cancer. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Lung cancer is the first leading diagnosed malignant tumor globally [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we generated mammary-specific Dusp4 -deleted primary epithelial cells to investigate the necessary conditions in which DUSP4 loss may drive breast cancer oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the effects of vitamin D on ovarian cancer cell. (mdpi.com)
  • Consideration of tumor heterogeneity is therefore important in the critical analysis of gene associations in cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • An example of this class of genes is a mutation in the CHEK2 gene in breast cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • While this may reflect the fact that we have yet to identify the next BRCA gene, it may also reflect the polygenic nature of breast cancer susceptibility. (hindawi.com)
  • The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The relationship between p53 and Mdm2 has been shown to be vital to the normal functioning of the human cell, and also has other implications in cancer. (shu.edu)
  • The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Mouse colitis associated colon cancer (CAC) was induced firstly by azoxymethane (AOM) and followed by administration of drinking water containing 5 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in a cycle protocol, each cycle consisted of seven days of 5 % DSS in the drinking water and followed by seven days of regular water. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Colon cancer is caused by many factors that affect multiple etiological pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) drive gene expression programs that shape specific phenotypes [ 3 ], and are frequently dysregulated in cancer [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) usually involves the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and requires targeted therapy. (bjbms.org)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, leading the understanding the pathogenesis paramount. (oncotarget.com)
  • When fighting cancer, though, you don't want the immune system to stop attacking cancer cells. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • The objective now is to figure out the additional checkpoint molecules and other cells that play a role in immune system responses to cancer cells. (bwhclinicalandresearchnews.org)
  • We identified a colorectal cancer wherein a fast-growing tumor subclone downregulated LINE-1, prompting us to examine how LINE-1 expression affects cell growth. (nih.gov)
  • A study by Travis H. Stracker, researcher at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), in collaboration with scientists at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in New York, reveals new information about the origin of tumors. (rdworldonline.com)
  • The analyzed gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. (cancerindex.org)
  • The surviving cells become cancer cells, which are capable both of dividing indefinitely and maintaining telomere length (usually with the aid of telomerase). (actanaturae.ru)
  • some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of antibodies against PD1, T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), or CD8 before the cancer cells were injected. (stanford.edu)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
  • A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Clinical assessment and identification of immuno-oncology markers concerning the 19-gene based risk classifier in stage IV colorectal cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • The evolving concept of the gene, of genetic interactions and gene networks, as well as chromosome mechanics will be the focus of the course. (princeton.edu)
  • The currently used diagnostic test for FA relies on the increased chromosomal breakage and radial formation of FA cells in response to diepoxybutane (DEB) compared with cells from healthy control subjects, 15 , 16 or from patients with other chromosomal instability disorders 17 or genetic syndromes. (ashpublications.org)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Malignant tumours are cancerous growths and because their cell division is not subject to normal control they may grow quite fast and can sometimes spread to other parts of the body. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor , is a diverse and heterogenous disease with four major subgroups. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Clinical signs were associated with the brain tumor, with no respiratory signs reported. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clinical, radiological, and histopathological features were noted and tumor grades assigned according to the WHO recommendations. (bvsalud.org)
  • A genuine variety of prior research, including those in the TCGA and Clinical Proteomic Tumour Evaluation Consortium (CPTAC) tasks have confirmed that HGSOC could be categorized into multiple transcriptome or proteome-based classes [3,7,8]. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Although highly preliminary, the findings suggest that different tumor biological factors may predict response to different chemotherapy regimens with distinct mechanisms of action. (lu.se)
  • More recently, a deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms and tumor escape dynamics under treatment pressure and the availability of novel technologies are opening new perspectives in this field. (oaepublish.com)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • We investigated mechanisms of resistance of liver tumors in mice to infiltrating T cells.Mice were given hydrodynamic tail vein injections of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) and transposon vectors to disrupt Trp53 and overexpress C-Myc (Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice). (stanford.edu)
  • The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)
  • The Warburg phenotype provides tumors an enhanced resistance against cytotoxic insults. (springer.com)
  • Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a novel class of immunotherapeutics, have gained traction due to their highly specific delivery of cytotoxic payloads to tumor sites. (asdrp.org)
  • In Trp53KO/C-MycOE mice and mice with tumors grown from Hepa1-6 cells, injection of the combination of anti-PD1 and anti-TIGIT significantly reduced tumor growth, increased the ratio of cytotoxic to regulatory T cells in tumors, and prolonged survival.PVRL1, which is up-regulated by HCC cells, stabilizes cell surface PVR, which interacts with TIGIT, an inhibitory molecule on CD8+ effector memory T cells. (stanford.edu)
  • The activated version of this acts as a transcription factor regulating various gene expression events involved in the development of breast tissue in puberty and pregnancy. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • allows binding of transcription factors on outer DNA helix gene silencing (NO TRANSCRIPTION)! (freezingblue.com)
  • The worst prognosis is in Group 3 patients, who often have high MYC expression, a transcription factor that triggers or blocks any array of target genes. (childrenscolorado.org)
  • This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • The top 14 hub genes were subsequently confirmed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction in ACC and adrenocortical adenoma samples. (cancerindex.org)
  • During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the scientists postulate that the initiation of a tumor and the type and aggressivity of the same depend on a specific combination of defects in several processes that safeguard cell integrity, such as DNA repair pathways and cell cycle check-points. (rdworldonline.com)
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Materials and Methods: This study included 60 histopathologically confirmed cases of astrocytic (n = 51) and oligodendroglial tumors (n = 9). (bvsalud.org)
  • Current material science, pharmaceutical, and organic chemistry compound synthesis reaction pathway determination has been implemented with various computational chemistry methods. (asdrp.org)
  • Methods: Tumor samples (N = 5621) obtained from patients with MBC were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA (592-gene panel or whole exome sequencing) and RNA (whole transcriptome sequencing) at Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, AZ). (duke.edu)
  • In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although patients with FA are candidates for bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy, their phenotypic heterogeneity can delay or obscure diagnosis. (ashpublications.org)
  • A combination of retroviral gene transfer and FANCD2 immunoblotting provides a rapid subtyping assay for patients newly diagnosed with FA. (ashpublications.org)
  • A proliferative exhausted CD8 + T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects. (elifesciences.org)
  • Samples of adrenal tumors were collected from patients undergoing adrenalectomy at the Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Medical University. (cancerindex.org)
  • Furthermore, these three genes predicted overall survival and recurrence‑free survival in patients with ACC from the TCGA cohort. (cancerindex.org)
  • Postoperative radiation can also be a useful adjunct when patients have aggressive tumors that were treated surgically or when surgery has failed to clear the margins of the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Identification of an eight-gene signature for survival prediction for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)
  • Delineating the pathogenesis of ccRCC by investigating the gene and epigenetic changes and their effects on key molecules and their respective biologic pathways is of crucial importance for the improvement of current diagnostics, prognostics, and drug development [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Of the 880 canonical pathways we investigated, 112 displayed significant tumor-related upregulation or downregulation at one or more stages of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers have recently discovered Mdm2 in human tumors and these scientists hypothesize that Mdm2 plays a role in tumorigenesis, with or without p53. (shu.edu)
  • Our analyses demonstrate that regulates HGSOC tumorigenesis by advertising dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • The results of our phenotype analysis also indicate that it is more likely that a panel of tumor biological factors instead of only one single factor may be needed for better prediction of chemotherapy response. (lu.se)
  • In the present study, we demonstrate that B7-H3 CAR-T cells targeting the IgC domain are more active than those targeting the IgV domain in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and neuroblastoma (NB) mouse preclinical models. (nature.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • External insults (eg, infections, radiation, drugs) may disrupt stem cell homeostasis in marrow environment, leading to altered growth. (medscape.com)
  • Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
  • You'll establish your foundation of knowledge and expertise with a set of core modules including genetics, cell biology and biochemistry. (leeds.ac.uk)
  • 4 According to the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumors can be divided into three phenotypes: immune-inflamed, immune-excluded, and immune-desert types. (nature.com)
  • tumors were analyzed by mass cytometry using markers to detect T cells and other lymphocytes. (stanford.edu)
  • We successfully identified dysregulated genes and pathways of ccRCC in different stages, and these might be potential biological markers and processes for treatment and etiology mechanism in ccRCC. (hindawi.com)
  • 14 ] combined PPI and gene expression data to construct tissue-specific PPI networks for 60 tissues and used them to prioritize disease genes. (hindawi.com)
  • A summary of the major findings to date for these genes is in Table 1 and is discussed in what follows. (hindawi.com)
  • This gene is localized to chromosome 20 and has pseudogenes which reside on chromosomes 1 and 22. (cancerindex.org)
  • The identified DEGs included 20 downregulated genes and 51 upregulated genes, which were highly associated with the cell cycle, organelle fission, chromosome segregation, cell division and spindle stability. (cancerindex.org)
  • It was revealed as early as in the 1930s that the behavior of the whole chromosome and its fragments in cells varies. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Finally, gene compositions of altered modules were analyzed, and pathways enrichment analyses of genes in altered modules were carried out based on Expression Analysis Systematic Explored (EASE) test. (hindawi.com)
  • Gene composition analyses of altered modules revealed that there were 56 common genes (such as MAPK1 , CCNA2 , and GSTM3 ) existing in the four stages. (hindawi.com)
  • To recognize genes in charge of regulating particular signalling pathways and/or tumorigenic properties that donate to poor scientific outcome, we used a previously released Poor Prognosis Personal (PPS) [3] being a conceptual construction to execute integrative proteogenomic analyses of individual HGSOC tumours. (2011globalhealth.org)
  • We review the possible roles for calorie restriction (CR) and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KDs) in modulating the five R's of radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic window between tumor control and normal tissue complication probability. (springer.com)
  • We were also able to pinpoint specific changes within each gene set that seem to play key roles at each transition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was identified that the nuclear division cycle 80, cyclin B2 and topoisomerase 2‑α may serve important roles in adrenocortical tumor development. (cancerindex.org)
  • STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
  • The phosphatidic acid then leaves the cell and attaches to any mTOR receptor in another cell and causes a signal to be sent into the cell. (asdrp.org)
  • In excess amounts of phosphatidic acid the mTOR receptor can constantly signal to the cell to start mitosis in which case cancerlike properties can emerge from that cell. (asdrp.org)