• Our investigation of mechanisms underlying HDACi resistance showed that cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), p21 and p27, are upregulated by PXD101 in a sustained fashion in resistant cell lines concomitant with decreased activity of the cyclin E/cdk2 complex and decreased Rb phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • Using Smad3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and other epithelial cell lines, we further show that Smad3 inhibits cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase and that mutation of the CDK phosphorylation sites in Smad3 increases this ability. (nih.gov)
  • Because cancer cells often contain high levels of CDK activity, diminishing Smad3 activity by CDK phosphorylation may contribute to tumorigenesis and TGF-beta resistance in cancers. (nih.gov)
  • The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has similar inhibitory effects on G1 cell cycle progression and expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, CDC25A, and Rb phosphorylation. (cdc.gov)
  • Once a T cell is activated through its T-cell receptor, downstream T-cell receptor signaling through Src kinases results in tyrosine phosphorylation of CTLA4 and the uncoupling of CTLA4 from AP50, allowing its surface expression, which peaks at 48 h after activation. (snmjournals.org)
  • regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
  • The activity of these complexes is modulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including, p16, p21, p27 and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We develop a high-throughput single-cell assay system of CDK activity in vivo and show that inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of CDK encodes cell size information, with the phosphatase PP2A aiding to set a size threshold for division. (elifesciences.org)
  • CDK inhibitory phosphorylation works synergistically with PP2A to prevent mitosis in smaller cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, scaling of cyclin-CDK levels with cell size, CDK inhibitory phosphorylation, PP2A, and DNA-dependent inhibition of CDK activity, all inform the cell cycle network of cell size, thus contributing to cell size homeostasis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The Warburg effect in tumour cells involves the uptake of high levels of glucose, enhanced glycolysis, and the metabolism of pyruvate to lactic acid, rather than oxidative phosphorylation, to generate energy under aerobic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study aimed to determine the exact role of FKBP14 in human cervical cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, invasion and migration. (nih.gov)
  • Flow cytometry was conducted to determine the effects of FKBP14 on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • The results of the present study demonstrated that silencing FKBP14 expression using short hairpin (sh)RNA suppressed proliferation, invasion and migration of HeLa and C‑33A cells, and also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. (nih.gov)
  • Various molecular events associated with apoptosis were assessed in control and CTPE cells that were obtained after 8 weeks of continuous cadmium exposure. (nih.gov)
  • Compared with control, CTPE cells showed a generalized resistance to apoptosis induced by cadmium, cisplatin, or etoposide. (nih.gov)
  • In Bcl-2 -transfected PT-67 cells, phosphorylated JNK1/2 levels were much lower after apoptogenic stimulus, and apoptosis induced by cadmium or etoposide was reduced compared with control. (nih.gov)
  • CTPE cells become resistant to apoptosis during malignant transformation, and disruption of the JNK pathway and Bcl-2 overexpression play important roles in this resistance. (nih.gov)
  • The types of cell death induced by honokiol were primarily autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, reducing production of intracellular ROS using N -acetylcysteine, a scavenger of ROS, concurrently suppressed honokiol-induced cellular apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, pretreatment of osteosarcoma cells with PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, inhibited honokiol-induced apoptosis and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, our results revealed that honokiol caused G0/G1 phase arrest, induced apoptosis, and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. (nature.com)
  • In particular, autophagy has been found to closely related to apoptosis, which is a kind of programmed cell death. (nature.com)
  • The cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry analysis, and proteins were detected using western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was demonstrated that pemetrexed inhibited cell survival and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human ESCC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the phorbol‑12‑myristate‑13‑acetate‑induced protein 1/induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl‑1 axis is involved in intrinsic apoptosis induced by pemetrexed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by cytotoxic agents are critical in cancer treatment ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Members of the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (Bcl-2) family serve crucial roles in the regulation of apoptotic processes in various cancer cells ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • NOXA is able to interact with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 (Mcl-1), interfering with the polymerization of apoptosis regulator BAX and Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer to trigger the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The anticancer mechanistic studies reveal that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can induce apoptosis through the regulation of cell cycle, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase cascade. (frontiersin.org)
  • This FOA seeks to encourage collaboration between nutritional scientists and cancer biologists, oncologists and gastroenterologists to jointly examine key mechanisms in the pancreatic cancer process (e.g., carcinogen metabolism, cell division, differentiation, apoptosis) in order to begin to establish mechanistic links between quantity and form of energy consumed and/or bioactive food component intakes with pancreatic tumor incidence and behavior. (nih.gov)
  • But the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells remains unclear. (nih.gov)
  • P53 is a sequence-specific transcriptional activator of genes involved in cellular outcomes such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Atne p53 target promoter, PIG3, Cas/Cse1L has a long range inhibitory effect on tri-methylation of histone H3 lysine 27, a repressive modification, which could explain how Cas/Cse1L and p53 cooperate to regulate some p53 targets and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • Increased apoptosis in differentiating p27-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells. (muni.cz)
  • Upon antibody/antigen binding and internalization, opadotin binds to and inhibits tubulin polymerization, which results in G2/M phase arrest and tumor cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • The proliferation, migration, apoptosis, Tn antigen expression, and O -glycome in Tn + and Tn − CRC cells before and after co-cultured with SP-MSCs were detected using real-time cell Analysis (RTCA), flow cytometry (FCM), and cellular O -glycome reporter/amplification (CORA), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both SP cells derived from hUCMSCs and hPMSCs could inhibit proliferation and migration, promote apoptosis of CRC cells, significantly reduce Tn antigen expression on Tn + CRC cells, generate new core 1-, 2-, and 3-derived O -glycans, increase T-synthase and C3GnT activity, and elevate the levels of Cosmc and T-synthase protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SP-hUCMSCs and SP-hPMSCs could inhibit proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis of Tn + CRC cells via increasing O -glycosyltransferase activity to modify O -glycosylation status, which further adds a new dimension to the treatment of CRC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results clearly demonstrated a robust antitumor activity of MK-4101, achieved through the inhibition of proliferation and induction of extensive apoptosis in tumor cells. (uniroma1.it)
  • However, a number of recent studies have pointed out that in addition to being an inhibitor of cell proliferation, p21 acts as an inhibitor of apoptosis in a number of systems, and this may counteract its tumor-suppressive functions as a growth inhibitor. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • Antisense molecules are a small, complementary, single-stranded type of DNA that binds targeted messenger RNA (mRNA) within the cell and prevents specific protein translation. (medscape.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • At inhibitory synapses, these neurons release GABA molecules into the synaptic cleft, the space between neurons where neurotransmitters diffuse. (nih.gov)
  • SUM (summation intensity projection) is suitable for quantitative light intensity acquisition from the entire thickness of cells and that, MIP (maximum intensity projection) is superior for analysis of fine cellular structures and intracellular distribution of fluorescently labeled molecules. (yokogawa.com)
  • B7-H3 (B7 homologue 3), which has been recently discovered as a novel member of the B7 family molecules, plays an immuno-regulatory role between tumor and immune cells ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It provides a dominant negative signaling to T cells on binding to the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Cell surface CTLA4 has 100-1,000 times higher affinity for the costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells, thereby efficiently competing with the positive costimulatory receptor CD28 ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The engagement of CTLA4 by costimulatory molecules results in decreased T-cell receptor signaling, interleukin 2 transcription ( 3 ), and cell cycle arrest at the G1 stage, with the final result of inducing T-cell anergy ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • In this review, we provide an overview of the recent evidence proposing the delivery of inhibitory molecules encapsulated in nanoparticles as a new therapy for breast cancer that targets the signaling pathways governing the processes of tumor formation, maintenance, and expansion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The complexes were found to have completely lethal effects on the cell lines, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values obtained for the cell lines were much lower in comparison with cisplatin. (hindawi.com)
  • 12. miR-603 promotes glioma cell growth via Wnt/β-catenin pathway by inhibiting wif1 and CTNNBIP1. (nih.gov)
  • 15. Promoter methylation of WNT inhibitory factor-1 and expression pattern of WNT/β-catenin pathway in human astrocytoma: pathologic and prognostic correlations. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, we identified Lnk as a physiological negative regulator of JAK2 in stem cells and TPO/Mpl/JAK2/Lnk as a major regulatory pathway in controlling stem cell self-renewal and quiescence. (jci.org)
  • [3] Since upregulation of S-phase genes drive further suppression of Whi5 , this pathway creates a positive feedback loop that fully commits cells to S-phase gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results suggest that PI3K mediates G1 progression and cyclin expression through the activation of AKTI mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in the ovarian cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancers, including medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). (uniroma1.it)
  • MK-4101 targets the Hh pathway in tumor cells, showing the maximum inhibitory effect on Gli1. (uniroma1.it)
  • Smad3 has a key function in mediating the TGF-beta growth-inhibitory response. (nih.gov)
  • Downstream cell cycle and signaling events were compared with growth-inhibitory effects. (nih.gov)
  • This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • The major barrier in successful gene therapy is producing a vector that selectively infects all tumor cells within a tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Antibodies can also be conjugated to toxins and specifically kill the tumor cells they bind. (medscape.com)
  • D C177536 GDC Property Terminology C127771 Tumor Cell to Total Cell Ratio Measurement The determination of the ratio of tumor cells compared to total cells present in a sample. (nih.gov)
  • PLK4 inhibition also prevents cell division and inhibits proliferation of PLK4-overexpressing tumor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Upon oral administration, ibcasertib binds to and inhibits the activity of aurora B, VEGFRs, c-kit and PDGFRs, which may result in a decrease in the proliferation of tumor cells that overexpress these kinases. (nih.gov)
  • Upon intravenous administration, cifurtilimab binds to CD40 on a variety of immune cell types, triggering both cellular proliferation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which activates B-cells and T-cells, and enhances the immune response against tumor cells. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, this agent binds to the CD40 antigen present on the surfaces of tumor cells, which induces antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), and eventually inhibits the proliferation of CD40-expressing tumor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Upon administration of anvatabart opadotin, the antibody moiety targets and binds to HER2 on tumor cells. (nih.gov)
  • Cosmc (C1GalT1C1) mutation could cause aberrant O -glycosylation and result in expression of Tn antigen on the surface of tumor cells (Tn + cells), which is associated with the metastasis and prognosis of cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effect of SP cells derived from MSCs on the biological behaviors and the O -glycosylation status of tumor cells remains unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • 13. SHH, WNT, and NOTCH pathways in medulloblastoma: when cancer stem cells maintain self-renewal and differentiation properties. (nih.gov)
  • Accordingly, entry into S-phase is controlled by molecular pathways that facilitate a rapid, unidirectional shift in cell state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout M phase and G1 phase, cells assemble inactive pre-replication complexes (pre-RC) on replication origins distributed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • [4] During S-phase, the cell converts pre-RCs into active replication forks to initiate DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • All eukaryotes possess many more replication origins than strictly needed during one cycle of DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] Redundant origins may increase the flexibility of DNA replication, allowing cells to control the rate of DNA synthesis and respond to replication stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, affected cells with this chemical enter an additional genome replication but fail to divide resulting in the generation of polyploid nuclei. (yokogawa.com)
  • We tested the role of whole-body molecular imaging in patients with advanced melanoma receiving the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab, allowing the analysis of changes in glucose metabolism using the PET probe 18 F-FDG and cell replication with the PET probe 3′-deoxy-3′- 18 F-fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT). (snmjournals.org)
  • a component of the pre-replication complex which is essential for recruiting the MCM helicase complex to the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • a protein that binds to the Cdt1 component of the pre-replication complex and inactivates it, preventing assembly of the pre-replication complex at inappropriate times during the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
  • Recently, our group described the anti-HCV activity of a GA-conjugated peptide which, in addition to demonstrate low cytotoxicity, promoted significant viral inhibition at major steps of HCV replication cycle. (fapesp.br)
  • Peptides which demonstrate percentage of cell viability greater than 80% will have their antiviral activity evaluated over the complete replication cycle of CHIKV. (fapesp.br)
  • MK-4101 also induced deregulation of cell cycle and block of DNA replication in tumors. (uniroma1.it)
  • ESR1-mediated proliferation involves complex intercellular signaling between epithelial and stromal cells (Lanigan et al. (springer.com)
  • 19. TWIST-1 is overexpressed in neoplastic choroid plexus epithelial cells and promotes proliferation and invasion. (nih.gov)
  • We have recently shown that cadmium can induce malignant transformation of the human prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1) and that these cadmium-transformed prostate epithelial (CTPE) cells acquire apoptotic resistance concurrently with malignant phenotype. (nih.gov)
  • The pesticide DDT and the food colorant Red No. 3 were found to increase the growth of HTB 133 but not estrogen receptor (ER) negative human breast cells (HTB 125) or rat liver epithelial cells (RLE). (researchgate.net)
  • the comet assay in peripheral blood-isolated lymphocytes and mammary epithelial cells was also carried out. (researchgate.net)
  • Our results suggest that DDT is genotoxic, not only for lymphocytes but also to mammary epithelial cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Activating Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites Induce Cell Proliferation in Contact-Inhibited Rat Liver Epithelial Cells. (muni.cz)
  • Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In cell cycle, the exit through the mitotic state is triggered from the release from the phosphatase Cdc14 through the anaphase stage of mitosis from nucleolar chromatin, where it really is held and sequestered inactive. (bioinf.org)
  • Mitotic phase" Cell devide. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • 16. Wnt inhibitory factor-1 regulates glioblastoma cell cycle and proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • The present study aimed to understand whether pemetrexed is able to exert anticancer effects on ESCC cells, and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Determining whether pemetrexed exhibits anticancer effects on ESCC cells and understanding the underlying molecular mechanism are important for developing better chemotherapeutics for ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The cellular effects of gefitinib on cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry and the molecular effects of gefitinib EGFR inhibition on downstream signal proteins by Western blotting. (nih.gov)
  • In the future, Dr. Lu's group plans to explore the molecular basis of GABA A receptor trafficking to inhibitory synapses. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, these polyploid cells showed non-uniform chromosome condensation and lack of spindle formation implying inhibitory effects on Aurora kinase-related molecular events (Fig 4B). (yokogawa.com)
  • I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Molecular imaging with the PET probe 18 F-FLT allows mapping and noninvasive imaging of cell proliferation in secondary lymphoid organs after CTLA4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. (snmjournals.org)
  • We used Spectral Karyoryping (SKY), mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), expression array, real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to analyze 15 primary adenocarcinoma and 9 pairs of high and low invasive cell cultures to detect molecular changes. (cdc.gov)
  • Plp is shown to be required for PCM recruitment, however, its cell cycle dependent molecular regulation and the crosstalk between other PCM components including Asl, Sas4, CNN and Polo kinase remain unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Development of the next generation of therapeutic strategies for diabetes, including cell-based insulin replacement in type 1 diabetes or drug therapies for enhancing insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes, will depend on a detailed understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in islet β-cell function and survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 4. Knockdown of HOXC6 inhibits glioma cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest by targeting wif-1 in vitro and vivo. (nih.gov)
  • We found that HSCs from Lnk-/- mice have an increased quiescent fraction, decelerated cell cycle kinetics, and enhanced resistance to repeat treatments with cytoablative 5-fluorouracil in vivo compared with WT HSCs. (jci.org)
  • In addition, we utilized a xenograft tumor assay in nude mice to test the inhibitory effect of B7‑H3 shRNA on MIBC in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here we dissect determinants of CDK activity in vivo to investigate how cell size information is processed by the cell cycle network in fission yeast. (elifesciences.org)
  • The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a coinhibitory activation-induced surface receptor on T cells that functions as a major negative regulator of anti-self-immune responses. (snmjournals.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK Cdc2 ) is the master regulator of mitosis and cell division, and therefore the propensity for smaller cells not to divide must ultimately feed into the regulation of CDK activity ( Coudreuse and Nurse, 2010 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Abnormal development of mouse embryoid bodies lacking p27Kip1 cell cycle regulator. (muni.cz)
  • The circulating MIF binds to CD74 on other immune cells to trigger an acute immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1] Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is treated relatively well with single-modality therapy (either surgery or radiation alone). (medscape.com)
  • Go to Imaging of Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
  • This study was undertaken to examine the possible cytotoxic effect of three novel complexes (0.125-64 µ g/mL) on human gastric carcinoma (AGS), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Kyse-30), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a dominant histological subtype of esophageal cancer with notably high incidence and mortality rates. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Esophageal cancer, which consists of two principal subtypes, adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is the sixth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This important study provides insights into the functions of different GNAI subunits, substantially advancing our understanding of their roles in the regulation of hair cell stereociliary bundle development. (elifesciences.org)
  • PLK4, a member of the polo family of serine/threonine kinases overexpressed in a variety of cancer cell types, plays a crucial role in the regulation of centriole duplication during the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Secretion of these hormones becomes dysregulated in both major forms of diabetes, via destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in type 1 diabetes and loss of normal regulation of insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • Signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1 and JNK2), and p38 were phosphorylated in a cadmium concentration-dependent fashion in CTPE and control cells. (nih.gov)
  • serine/threonine kinases that relay DNA damage signals to cell cycle checkpoints. (nih.gov)
  • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that are essential for cell-cycle control in eukaryotes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • therapeutic_agents C1909 therapeutic_agents C C177537 GDC Value Terminology C115970 Ibcasertib An orally available, small molecule inhibitor of select serine-threonine kinases, including aurora kinase B (aurora B), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), with potential antineoplastic activity. (nih.gov)
  • These kinases are overexpressed by a variety of cancer cell types. (nih.gov)
  • Prior studies have shown that synaptic changes in the hippocampus may be driven by signals that arise from inhibitory interneurons, a special type of cell that comprises only about 10-20% of neurons in the brain. (nih.gov)
  • By genetic loss-of-function studies, we show that interstitial cells of Cajal, which generate spontaneous electrical slow waves and thus rhythmic contractions of the smooth musculature, are essential for transmission of signals from enteric neurons to gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells. (nature.com)
  • Another important issue is the difficulty inherent in controlling fundamental variables such as insulin content, insulin secretion, and cell viability in human islet preparations. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In this study, we demonstrate that the inhibition of PI3K activity by LY294002 inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced the G1 cell cycle arrest. (cdc.gov)
  • During wakefulness, steady "tonic" inhibitory activity increased, while fast "phasic" inhibition decreased. (nih.gov)
  • Because inhibition is essential for nearly every aspect of brain function, this study could contribute to helping scientists understand not just sleep-wake cycles, but neurological disorders rooted in abnormal brain rhythms, such as epilepsy. (nih.gov)
  • As the SPB enters the girl cell during middle to past due anaphase, Tem1 can be relieved of inhibition by contact with bud localized Lte1 and activates a kinase cascade comprising Cdc15 as well as the Dbf2/Mob1 complicated [9]C[14]. (bioinf.org)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could participate in immunoregulation, tissue damage repair, and tumor inhibition and be seen as an ideal candidate for tumor therapy due to their inherent capacity to migrate to tumor sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western medicine believes that mutations in multiple proto-oncogenes and either the inactivation or deletion of tumor suppressor genes are responsible for cancer development, causing faulty signal transduction and uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells, finally resulting in the formation of a tumor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Little is known about the exact cellular mechanisms of neuronal signal transduction to smooth muscle cells in the gut. (nature.com)
  • [6] Tip60 activity removes inhibitory chromatin structures and drives a three to ten-fold increase in transcription rate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Preclinical models predict that blockade of the coinhibitory molecule cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) on lymphocytes results in the release of a cell cycle inhibitory checkpoint, allowing lymphocyte proliferation, tumor targeting, and regression. (snmjournals.org)
  • Under steady-state conditions, mice lacking the inhibitory adaptor protein Lnk harbor an expanded HSC pool with enhanced self-renewal. (jci.org)
  • Most naïve T cells do not express surface CTLA4 because of its binding to AP50, a subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-2 protein ( 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells is potentiated by leukemia inhibitory factor. (muni.cz)
  • Neural differentiation of pluripotent mouse embryonal carcinoma cells by retinoic acid - inhibitory effect of serum. (muni.cz)
  • In postmitotic myocytes myogenin MRF4 and MyoD regulate procedures including cell fusion and contractile proteins appearance and set up (36 41 48 50 51 The MADS-box binding myocyte enhancer aspect-2 (MEF2) transcription elements are coordinately upregulated with myogenin during differentiation and cooperate with MRFs to modify transcription of skeletal muscles genes and donate to fibers type standards (4). (sciencepop.org)
  • ERK activation in MB promotes proliferation and it is inhibitory to differentiation. (sciencepop.org)
  • The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, it has been reported that exposure to some xenoestrogens and to estrogenic metabolites promotes the production of free radicals through the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) reduction cycle, by means of the P 450 oxidase and reductase enzymes, giving origin to the production of oxygen reactive species which might damage the genetic material [33]. (researchgate.net)
  • In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Some viruses cause infection when they successfully attach to and fuse with the outer membrane of a healthy cell, enabling viruses to inject their own genetic material into the cell. (nih.gov)
  • We describe the development of highly potent diaminothiazole inhibitors of CDK2 (IC50 = 0.0009-0.0015 muM) from a single hit compound with weak inhibitory activity (IC50 = 15 muM), discovered by high-throughput screening. (proteopedia.org)
  • The present study was designed to define the mechanism of acquired apoptotic resistance in CTPE cells. (nih.gov)
  • The pro-apoptotic gene Bax showed lower transcript and protein levels, whereas the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 showed higher levels in CTPE cells. (nih.gov)
  • The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax , a key determinant in apoptotic commitment, increased more than 4-fold in CTPE cells. (nih.gov)
  • Expression array and real time PCR analysis demonstrated increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitory factor p16 and the apoptotic factor Cathepsin D in all of the tumor cell strains. (cdc.gov)
  • The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers in most eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
  • Intro To guarantee the right and well-timed inheritance of sister chromatids accompanied by cytokinesis, eukaryotic cells possess evolved advanced regulatory networks. (bioinf.org)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • The Beatrice and Jacob H. Conn Lecture in Regenerative Medicine-"Reprogramming and Pluripotent Stem Cells" by George Daley, Harvard Stem Cell Institute/Harvard Medical School. (jhu.edu)
  • Basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptors in human embryonic stem cells. (muni.cz)
  • The reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator rtTA2s-S2 is toxic in mouse embryonic stem cells. (muni.cz)
  • With the development of cell therapy and related disciplines, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the experimental and clinical studies of colorectal cancer, whereas the results are not encouraging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like most stem cells, they isolated from different tissues were consisting of various subpopulations and have certain heterogeneity which created variations in therapeutic efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Macrophage migration inhibitory factor assembles into a trimer composed of three identical subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Site-specific DNA binding by p53 in RLE, HTB 125, HTB 133, and MCF-7 cells was increased when they were treated with Red No. 3, which suggests that cellular DNA was damaged by this colorant. (researchgate.net)
  • p21, also known as senescent cell-derived inhibitor 1 (Sdi1), wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (Waf1), Cdk-interacting protein 1 (Cip1), and p53-regulated inhibitor of Cdks (Pic1) inhibits cyclin D-cdk4, cyclin E-cdk3, cyclin A-cdk2, and cyclin A-cdk1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We examined the sensitivity of 23 NSCLC lines with wild-type or mutated EGFR to gefitinib to determine genes/proteins related to sensitivity, including EGFR and HER2 cell surface expression, phosphorylated EGFR expression, EGFR gene copy number, and EGFR mutational status. (nih.gov)
  • RNAa mediated KLF4 activation in prostate cancer cells led to inhibited cell proliferation/survival and migration/invasion, and altered expression of several cell-cycle-related genes regulated by KLF4. (ca.gov)
  • In vitro analysis indicated that RNAa-mediated overexpression of KLF4 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation and survival and altered the expression of several downstream cell-cycle-related genes. (ca.gov)
  • Another project stems from our earlier finding that in some cells p53 is impaired in its ability to induce transcription from some of its target genes when cells are blocked in S phase. (nih.gov)
  • However, phosphorylated JNK1/2 levels and JNK kinase activity were much lower in CTPE cells. (nih.gov)
  • Cytotoxicity assay shows that RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 exhibit higher anticancer activity than cisplatin, and exist certain selectivity toward human cancer cells over normal cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Antitumor activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (ZD1839, Iressa) in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines correlates with gene copy number and EGFR mutations but not EGFR protein levels. (nih.gov)
  • These cells play a subtle but powerful role in balancing neural activity during the sleep-wake cycle. (nih.gov)
  • They also found much larger activity-dependent enhancement of inhibitory electrical responses in neurons from awake mice suggesting that wakefulness, but not sleep, could strengthen these synapses to a greater degree. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibitory neurons use the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to decrease activity in the nervous system. (nih.gov)
  • Red No. 3, beta-estradiol, and DDT increase ER site-specific DNA binding to the estrogen response element in HTB 133 cells and increase cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (researchgate.net)
  • The enteric nervous system contains excitatory and inhibitory neurons, which control contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle cells as well as gastrointestinal motor activity. (nature.com)
  • Interstitial cells of Cajal, therefore, integrate excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission with slow-wave activity to orchestrate peristaltic motor activity of the gut. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we find that diploid cells of equivalent size to haploid cells exhibit lower CDK activity in response to equal cyclin-CDK enzyme concentrations, suggesting that CDK activity is reduced by increased DNA levels. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using a novel CDK activity sensor, we have monitored cell size, CDK activity, and cyclin-CDK complex level simultaneously, whilst genetically varying regulators of the cyclin-CDK control system. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cosmc protein and O -glycosyltransferase (T-synthase and C3GnT) activity in CRC cells were, respectively, assessed using western blotting and fluorescence method. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SF1 was screened for cytotoxicity activity toward HeLa, SiHa, and normal cells (NIH) cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (afpm.org.my)
  • Cell proliferation was measured by Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. (nih.gov)
  • Cell invasion and migration were determined by Transwell assay. (nih.gov)
  • Cells proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay. (nih.gov)
  • Antibiotic protection assay was carried to look for the accurate amount of survive successfully in the cell. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
  • Ideal targets should be both specific to cancer cells and commonly found in cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • MAbs and antibody toxin conjugates can be targeted to specific receptors or proteins found on cancer cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cisplatin resistance is a mechanism that includes decreased drug accumulation in cancer cells, inactivation by thiol containing biomolecules (glutathione), and enhanced repair of DNA damage [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent studies have reported that pemetrexed is also able to act as an antitumor drug, and its cytotoxicity has been demonstrated in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Recent studies demonstrated that the gene encoding the p110a catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is frequently amplified in ovarian cancer cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Recognition that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was a therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers led to development of the small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. (nih.gov)
  • Monolayer culture of A549 lung cancer cells in a 96-well glass bottom plate were fixed then their cell nuclei and alphatubulinmolecules were fluorescently labeledwith Draq7 (gray) and immunofluorescence (red), respectively. (yokogawa.com)
  • The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of B7 homologue 3 (B7‑H3) in muscle‑invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) tissues, evaluate its correlation with patient clinicopathological characteristics, and to explore the effect of B7‑H3 on MIBC cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The proteins associated with cancer cell behavior were detected by western blot analysis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response increasing the pro-survival and pro-invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and determine a broad metabolic rewiring. (mdpi.com)
  • Prognostic value and function of KLF4 in prostate cancer: RNAa and vector-mediated overexpression identify KLF4 as an inhibitor of tumor cell growth and migration. (ca.gov)
  • KLF4 is a transcriptional factor important for maintaining stem cell pluripotency and also a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. (ca.gov)
  • In this study we found that KLF4 is significantly downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines and in prostate cancer tissues especially those with metastasis. (ca.gov)
  • Expression analysis indicated that KLF4 is significantly downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines compared with nontumorigenic prostate cells. (ca.gov)
  • Ectopic expression of KLF4 via viral transduction recapitulated the RNAa results, validating its inhibitory effects on cancer growth. (ca.gov)
  • Reactivation of KLF4 also suppressed migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. (ca.gov)
  • These results suggest that KLF4 functions as an inhibitor of tumor cell growth and migration in prostate cancer and decreased expression has prognostic value for predicting prostate cancer metastasis. (ca.gov)
  • HER2, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed by many cancer cell types. (nih.gov)
  • Tn + cells (LS174T-Tn + and HT-29-Tn + cells) and matching Tn − cells (LS174T-Tn − and HT-29-Tn − cells) were isolated from human colorectal cancer cell (CRC) lines LS174T and HT-29 by immune magnetic beads. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer develops when the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is disrupted, and the ensuing aberrant proliferation leads to tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the current review, we discuss the role of p21 in regulating cell death and the potential relevance of its expression in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effect of honokiol (HNK), an active component isolated and purified from the magnolia officinalis on human osteosarcoma cells. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, peptides will also be analyzed regarding the inhibitory effect on viral infectivity and in relation to direct inactivation capacity of extracellular viral particles. (fapesp.br)
  • This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • A model of sensitivity and resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors in diffuse large B cell lymphoma: Role of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
  • ESCC cells were treated with pemetrexed and cell survival was assessed with MTT assays. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this article, we review the development of a set of tools for studying β-cell biology and their application to understanding of fuel-mediated insulin secretion and enhancement of β-cell survival. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Derivation and characterization of new human embryonic stem cell lines in Czech Republic. (muni.cz)
  • I am a senior lecturer in Cell Bilogy and a member of the plant biology group. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Previous to this I completed my BSc in Cell and Human Biology here at Oxford Brookes University. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, RuRe-1 and RuRe-2 can effectively inhibit cell migration and colony formation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, silencing FKBP14 expression decreased the protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9, and increased the levels of caspase‑3 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein in FKBP14 shRNA‑infected HeLa and C‑33A cells. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, blocking gastric precancerous cells from malignant transformation is crucial for early detection and prevention of GC. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14. Suppression of MMQ cells by fulvestrant: possible mechanism of action and potential application for bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas. (nih.gov)
  • This mechanism may be a way for inhibitory inputs to precisely control the ebb and flow of information between neurons and throughout entire brain networks. (nih.gov)
  • However, this confocal mechanism has difficulties acquiring quantitative information from the entire thickness of cells because they exclude light from out-of-focus areas (Fig 1A). (yokogawa.com)
  • The CQ1 confocal image acquisition mechanism with the distinctive CSU® unit has a function to sequentially acquire fine cell images along the Z-axis and capture information from the entire thickness of cells which include heterogenic populations of various cell cycle stages (Fig 1). (yokogawa.com)
  • Finally, the CDK control network also co-ordinates cell division with cell growth through an unknown mechanism that responds to cell ploidy, with cell size generally doubling as ploidy doubles ( Wood and Nurse, 2015 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Recently, NICHD researchers collaborated with other scientists to discover the mechanism by which viruses gain entry into healthy cells. (nih.gov)
  • This study was aimed to characterize C. nutans standardized fraction (SF1) and to investigate its anticancer mechanism against SiHa cells. (afpm.org.my)
  • The metabolomics results suggest that the metabolites are mainly involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), ABC transport system, and membrane synthesis in A. flavus cells. (cheric.org)