Cell cycle g1 progression somatic cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
We carried out mosaic analysis to elucidate the functions of dMyc in the germline and somatic cells of the ovary during oogenesis, a process that involves cell proliferation, differentiation and growth. (biologists.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
studies confirmed as a novel and essential mediator of cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
Interpretation We identified as becoming amplified and overexpressed in poor prognosis HGSOC analyses and shown that is a novel and essential oncogene in HGSOC which mediates proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints like a potential novel driver of HGSOC. (2011globalhealth.org)
We confirmed the prognostic capacity of in multiple self-employed datasets and studies showed the essentiality of this protein in regulating cell proliferation and survival. (2011globalhealth.org)
Importantly, we validated that mediates cell proliferation through dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints in ovarian malignancy. (2011globalhealth.org)
In recent years, interest in the possible molecular regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation in a wide range of regeneration models has grown significantly, but the cell kinetics of this process remain largely a mystery. (mdpi.com)
Amputation-induced proliferation occurred predominantly within the epidermal and intestinal epithelium, as well as wound-adjacent muscle fibers, where clusters of cells at the same stage of the cell cycle were found. (mdpi.com)
Many strikingly miR-17 -20 and -106b had been found to market cell proliferation by raising the intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements even though miR-17 -20 and -106b straight focus on the transcripts that encode because of this proteins family members. (techblessing.com)
However cultured USSC quickly end proliferation upon addition of XXL-medium and such cell routine exit events are inherently connected to neurogenesis [4]. (techblessing.com)
Each cell is programmed for a certain number of cell divisions and at the end of that time proliferation halts. (lookformedical.com)
An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
These abnormalities result in significant alterations in gene expression related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and immune signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Given the pivotal role that E2F1 has in cell proliferation, its involvement in melanoma growth and progression is not surprising. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth of cancer cells is regulated by the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which is a normal physiological process serving to eliminate unwanted cells and maintain homeostasis in healthy tissue. (nutraculture.com)
Throughout mitosis, a plethora of processes must be efficiently concerted to ensure cell proliferation and tissue functionality. (bvsalud.org)

13 14 Although p16 INK4a is most frequently inactivated by homozygous deletion, point mutations or somatic methylation of 5′ regulatory regions are also important mechanisms of gene inactivation. (bmj.com)
In contrast, both mutations in nonhereditary retinoblastoma are somatic. (medscape.com)
HGSOC tumours communicate a relatively homogenous somatic or germline mutation profile and so are seen as a sAJM589 mutations in 90% of tumours aswell as regular and mutations [3]. (2011globalhealth.org)
These studies reveal that recurrent somatic mutations occur in only a handful of genes, with an overall mutational burden of roughly 1-2 per Mb. (springer.com)
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the body, which is caused by the stepwise accumulation of mutations that affect cell growth control, differentiation and survival. (nutraculture.com)
In patients with myeloid neoplasm, causative germ line mutations were associated with increased risk of progression into acute myeloid leukemia. (bvsalud.org)
PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)

Germline and somatic follicle cells mutant for dm exhibit a profound decrease in their ability to grow and to carry out endoreplication,a modified cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of cell division. (biologists.com)
In contrast to its dramatic effects on growth and endoreplication,dMyc is dispensable for the mitotic division cycles of both germline and somatic components of the ovary. (biologists.com)
Furthermore, in germline cysts in which the dm mutant cells comprised only a subset of the 16-cell cluster,we observed strictly cell-autonomous growth defects. (biologists.com)
However, in cases in which the entire germline cyst or the whole follicular epithelium was mutant for dm , the growth of the entire follicle, including the wild-type cells, was delayed. (biologists.com)
These genetic changes can occur by multiple mechanisms that can be inherited (found in the germline) or acquired (somatic). (medscape.com)

8 9 This lack of an absolute phenotype:genotype concordance could be attributed to incomplete screening of the p53 gene, inactivation of the p53 protein through interaction with other cellular proteins or viruses, or defects in other genes involved in p53 mediated cell cycle regulatory pathways. (bmj.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
Alterations in gene sequence or expression can occur in the cell-signalling and regulatory pathways involved in cell-cycle control, apoptosis, proteosome regulation and angiogenesis. (bmj.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
Results: Fibroblastic meningioma exhibited upregulated PI3K/Akt and TGFÎ² signaling pathways, and accelerated G1/S progression cell cycle. (omicsdi.org)
Conclusion: We proposed that deregulation of cell cycle and PI3K/Akt pathways might play important roles in the tumorigenesis of fibroblastic meningioma. (omicsdi.org)
In the last 8 decades, theories regarding carcinogenesis have progressed to include numerous pathways by which cells achieve immortality. (cancernetwork.com)

As a result, it negatively regulates cyclin-D-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (pRb) gene product, thus blocking cell-cycle progression from G 1 -to S-phase ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)

and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
Intro Unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSC) from human being cord bloodstream constitute a uncommon CD45-adverse population with the capacity of inducible homogenous differentiation into all three germinal levels [1] [2]. (techblessing.com)
Additionally utilizing a cocktail of development and differentiation elements (XXL-medium) differentiation of USSC into cells of neuronal lineage (XXL-USSC) expressing neurofilament and Vandetanib trifluoroacetate sodium route proteins was acquired [3]. (techblessing.com)
While some patients experience spontaneous regression or differentiation of the tumor, others are affected by rapid and fatal tumor progression despite increasingly intensive treatment strategies [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
Our analyses demonstrate that regulates HGSOC tumorigenesis by advertising dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints. (2011globalhealth.org)
Introduction: CDKN1B gene, which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, regulates the progression throughout G1 to S cell cycle progression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
Meiosis is a sexual division that halves the diploid somatic chromosomal complement to a haploid state. (nature.com)
Chromosomal alterations in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: window to the biology of disease. (ujds.in)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
The tumor suppressor gene p16/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (CDKN2A) is located within the chromosomal region 9p21 and encodes a cell-cycle protein that is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK)-4 and -6. (iiarjournals.org)

Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)

Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, forced expression of NBPF1 in two p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines also resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest and CDKN1A upregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)

The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome. (mathisfunforum.com)
Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
These results provide new mechanistic insights into the role of RAD51B not only in meiosis but in the maintenance of somatic genome stability. (nature.com)
In gastric carcinoma cells, EBV is not integrated into the host genome but maintained as a type of plasmid called an episome. (spandidos-publications.com)
Clear cell, papillary cell, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have now been well characterised thanks to large collaborative projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (springer.com)

The first mutation of RB1 in cases of retinoblastoma can be either constitutional or somatic, whereas the second mutation is always somatic. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)

pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
In 2001, The Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) defined 7 stages of adult women's lives into 3 broad categories- reproductive, menopausal transition and post-menopause- with subcategories defined by menstrual cycle data and endocrine studies. (medscape.com)
De-regulation of cell-cycle control, in particular G 1 - to S-phase transition, is implicated in the pathogenesis of most types of human cancer, including ovarian cancer ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Angiogenesis, the recruitment of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vascular matrix, is now a well-established prerequisite for tumor progression. (cancernetwork.com)

13 p16 INK4a is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that is frequently mutated or deleted in many human cancer cell lines 14-16 and some sporadic malignancies, including sarcomas, breast cancer, leukaemia, and brain tumours, which are all component tumours of LFS. (bmj.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
Regulation of the cell cycle is performed by a phosphorylation cascade involving cyclin/CDK complexes and three restriction checkpoints G1/S G2/M and metaphase which sense flaws in critical stages and subsequently stall cycle progression [5] [6]. (techblessing.com)
Contradictionary findings about miR-17 functions within cell cycle regulation have been described. (techblessing.com)
We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
The G1 phase is a period of intense metabolic activity and regulation. (janechin.net)

To determine how this molecule behaves during the cell cycle, we have established several vertebrate somatic cell lines that constitutively express a γ-tubulin/green fluorescent protein fusion protein. (silverchair.com)
The divisome is a protein complex in bacteria that is responsible for cell division, constriction of inner and outer membranes during division, and peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis at the division site. (mathisfunforum.com)
A tubulin-like protein, FtsZ plays a critical role in formation of a contractile ring for the cell division. (mathisfunforum.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
Within the brain, the protein is involved in the development of specialized cells that process smell. (biolegend.com)
Whole cell extracts (30 µg lysate) of HeLa (Lane 1), SH-SY5Y (Lane 2), A549 (Lane 3), A-431 (Lane 4) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 4-12% Bis-Tris Protein Gel (Product # NP0321BOX). (thermofisher.com)
Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)
A ubiquitously expressed telomere-binding protein that is present at TELOMERES throughout the CELL CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are upregulated to stimulate angiogenesis, while downregulation of endogenous protein inhibitors (thrombospondin 1 and interferon) disrupts the balance of physiologic angiogenesis. (cancernetwork.com)
It is established that Phycocyanin induces apoptosis in cancer cells by changing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Bcl-2 is an anti apoptotic protein, Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax represents the degree of apoptosis) and the release of Cyt-c in the cytosol (Lu et. (nutraculture.com)

The generation of cellular models of drug resistance has been pivotal in unravelling the main effectors of resistance to traditional chemotherapy at the molecular level (i.e. intracellular drug inactivation, detoxifying systems, defects in DNA repair, apoptosis evasion, membrane transporters and cell adhesion). (nature.com)
Subsequent improved understanding of the molecular alterations present in the cancer cell has enabled the development of targeted therapies for some forms of cancer. (nature.com)
The present review spotlights on understanding the molecular mechanism and the genetic factors which is responsible for alteration in the cell which leads to oral squamous cell carcinoma. (ujds.in)
Cancer biology has significantly benefited from the molecular-level detail provided by these tools, allowing elucidation of many perturbations underlying disease onset and progression. (nih.gov)

again, risk of progression to AIDS, as determined by HIV RNA viremia and CD4+ T cell count, should guide the decision to treat. (cdc.gov)

Transitional checkpoints are therefore crucial for a successful completion of the cell cycle. (janechin.net)

The present review scrutinize the existing documentation in the literature related to the oral squamous cell carcinoma. (ujds.in)
risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)

Near simultaneous fluorescence and DIC light microscopy reveals that the amount of γ-tubulin associated with the centrosome remains relatively constant throughout interphase, suddenly increases during prophase, and then decreases to interphase levels as the cell exits mitosis. (silverchair.com)
The dynamic exchange of centrosome-associated γ-tubulin occurs throughout the cell cycle, including mitosis, and it does not require microtubules. (silverchair.com)
a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). (mathisfunforum.com)
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (mathisfunforum.com)
The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism. (mathisfunforum.com)
Eukaryotic cell divisions can be classified as mitosis (equational division) and meiosis (reductional division). (mathisfunforum.com)
Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)

These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression. (hindawi.com)
by experimental focus on gene validations uncovered that miR-17 -20 and -106b action within a common way by downregulating an overlapping group of focus on genes mostly involved with legislation and execution of G1/S changeover. (techblessing.com)
Conclusions/Significance Mir-17 -20 and -106b downregulate a common group of pro- and anti-proliferative focus on genes to effect cell routine development of USSC and boost intracellular activity of E2F transcription elements to govern G1/S changeover. (techblessing.com)
somatic mutation analysis was performed using a panel of 54 genes. (bvsalud.org)

Chronic infections, particularly those which are primarily characterized by an asymptomatic intracellular life cycle, e.g., latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, present a unique premise to decipher the fine balance between protective host immune responses, immunopathology and full-fledged clinical disease. (frontiersin.org)
Because of this event, growth factor production increases as well as increase in total of receptors on cell surface and increased intracellular signal messengers. (ujds.in)
These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)

However, when they are isolated and cultured in vitro, they can be kept in the stem-cell stage and are known as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (wikipedia.org)
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)

Surprisingly, despite their impaired ability to endoreplicate, dm mutant follicle cells appeared to carry out chorion gene amplification normally. (biologists.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
Magmas, a gene encoding for the mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit, Tim16, protects different cell lines from the antitumoral effects of several pro-apoptotic stimuli (i.e. chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Many studies demonstrated that somatic BRAF gene mutation analysis increases diagnostic accuracy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), even from very small samples. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Modern approaches to treating cancer take advantage of critical biochemical differences between cancer cells and normal cells - from radiation therapy to chemotherapy to experimental gene therapy. (janechin.net)
Plk2 is an immediate early response gene and is expressed in early G1, where it controls the entry into S phase [ 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The Von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) tumour suppressor gene undergoes bi-allelic knockout in the vast majority of clear cell RCCs. (springer.com)
Among them, 25 cases presented deletion of p16 gene in 21.43%-86.3% of the examined cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Alteration of the pattern of gene expression by oxidants may function in the stimulation of the initiated cell during tumor promotion. (bvsalud.org)

which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. (mathisfunforum.com)

As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
E2F1 (UniprotKB: Q01094), belongs to the E2F family of transcription factor (TF), has a central role in regulating cell cycle progression and apoptosis [ 11 , 12 ] and, therefore, E2F1 activity is tightly governed by multiple feedback mechanisms and by the tumour suppressor Rb. (biomedcentral.com)

The second part of the review discusses potential host-directed interventional strategies based on existing translational and clinical knowledge of infection-induced inflammation, as well as cancer initiation/progression models. (frontiersin.org)
Three steps are described in the development of cancer namely initiation, promotion and progression. (bvsalud.org)

Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. (mathisfunforum.com)
In mitotic metaphase, typically the chromosomes (each with 2 sister chromatid that they developed due to replication in the S phase of interphase) arranged and sister chromatids split and distributed towards daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
In meiosis, typically in Meiosis-I the homologous chromosomes are paired and then separated and distributed into daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

Dysregulation of processes driven by these factors is a severe liability to the cell and therefore represents potential areas for therapeutic intervention. (janechin.net)

Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes. (mathisfunforum.com)

Specifically, the boundary between G1 and S-phase is tightly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. (intechopen.com)
The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
In the late reproductive years, menstrual cycles are regular, but menstrual intervals decrease due to decreased luteal phase progesterone and a shorter follicular phase. (medscape.com)
The Restriction point is also known as a checkpoint, where 'the cell is arrested at a particular phase of the cycle due to a lack of appropriate signals' (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989). (janechin.net)

Correlation with outcome needs to be more comprehensively furnished, particularly for small renal masses, rarer non-clear cell renal cancers, and for all tumours undergoing targeted therapy. (springer.com)

In addition, it can stimulate apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

These alterations can result in the wide range of somatic and reproductive effects described in greater detail in Chapter 3. (cdc.gov)

J Cell Biol (1999) 146 (3): 585-596. (silverchair.com)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)

Pro-proliferative function has been reported in HEK293T cells and in lymphocytes. (techblessing.com)

Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)

Although the Myc oncogene has long been known to play a role in many human cancers, the mechanisms that mediate its effects in both normal cells and cancer cells are not fully understood. (biologists.com)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)

Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. (mathisfunforum.com)
All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. (mathisfunforum.com)

The most relevant articles summarising existing knowledge on RCC genomics, including tumour cell evolution and progression, were selected for this review. (springer.com)

p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)

Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
It is observed that aggregation of genetic alterations is the ground for advancement of a normal cell to cancer cells, which is known as a multi-step carcinogenesis. (ujds.in)
Genetic progression model for head and neck cancer: implications for field cancerization. (ujds.in)
Biologic implications of genetic changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis. (ujds.in)
RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (lookformedical.com)
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations. (lookformedical.com)
When the genetic information containing the "blueprint" for these substances is disrupted, cell homeostasis is disrupted, resulting in a wide-range of immediate and/or delayed toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we consider what is currently known of the genetic landscape of the commonest subtypes of renal cell cancer (RCC). (springer.com)
oxidation modification of the genetic material may also participate in the progression of benign to malignant neoplasms. (bvsalud.org)

The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell. (wikipedia.org)
When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)

In addition, the novel cancer stem cell paradigm raises the prospect of cell-targeted therapies instead of treatment directed against the whole tumour. (nature.com)

On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. (mathisfunforum.com)

Although traditionally associated with the last stages of the disease, recent findings with minimally transformed pretumorigenic primary human cells indicate that the ability to generate drug resistance arises early during the tumorigenic process, before the full transformation. (nature.com)

Although overt inflammatory responses play a major role in malignant transformation of host cells following an infection, it is a disbalanced immune responses, which contribute to drive malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)

Divisome and elongasome complexes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis during lateral cell-wall growth and division. (mathisfunforum.com)

Since 1998 however, it has been possible to culture and differentiate human embryonic stem cells (in stem-cell lines). (wikipedia.org)
By 1998, human embryonic stem cells were first isolated by American biologist James Thomson, which made it possible to have new transplantation methods or various cell types for testing new treatments. (wikipedia.org)
The human body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime. (mathisfunforum.com)
Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
However, in human follicular cells and in rat FRTL-5 cells, TSH can also stimulate the β-isoforms of PLC that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-phosphate, yielding the second messengers DAG and inositol 1,4,5-phosphate facil. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
EBV was the first virus to be associated with human malignancy, which was discovered from a Burkitt's lymphoma cell line in 1964 ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Subsequent studies revealed that EBV caused a number of different human malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Hodgkin's lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and lymphoproliferative disorders of immunocompromised hosts ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
Multi-omics biomarkers of response to the discovered drugs were identified using human breast cancer cell lines. (cdc.gov)

We previously demonstrated that GH protects breast cancer cells towards the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin, inducing chemoresistance. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Recent evidences show that endometrial cancer cells secrete GH, stimulating their own growth in an autocrine fashion. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
LC-MS/MS analysis was used to investigate the proteome of DLD1 colon cancer cells with induced NBPF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Distinguishing and removing cancer cells from normal cells continue to be key in the experimental design for therapy and prevention. (janechin.net)
The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
Growing evidence suggests that the interaction between the genomic/epigenomic aberrations in cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment, composed of immune and stromal cells, contributes to the development of tumor invasion via mechanisms such as the so-called "angiogenic switch,"[3-5] creating multiple opportunities for therapeutic intervention. (cancernetwork.com)
Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ induces apoptosis in the existing and proliferating cancer cells and being a natural antioxidant, it also helps getting rid of any cancer promoting oxidative stress. (nutraculture.com)
Phycocyanin lowers the amount of cyclooxygenase-2 which is up regulated in cancer cells. (nutraculture.com)

These have stem-cell capability. (wikipedia.org)
As of 2016[update], the only established medical therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, first performed in 1958 by French oncologist Georges Mathé. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a cloning method that can be used to create a cloned embryo for the use of its embryonic stem cells in stem cell therapy. (wikipedia.org)
The term stem cell was coined by Theodor Boveri and Valentin Haecker in late 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
Pioneering works in theory of blood stem cell were conducted in the beginning of 20th century by Artur Pappenheim, Alexander Maximow, Franz Ernst Christian Neumann. (wikipedia.org)
The key properties of a stem cell were first defined by Ernest McCulloch and James Till at the University of Toronto and the Ontario Cancer Institute in the early 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
They discovered the blood-forming stem cell, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), through their pioneering work in mice. (wikipedia.org)
They hypothesized that each lump (colony) was a clone arising from a single marrow cell (stem cell). (wikipedia.org)

By exploiting 3D cell cultures, we show that this pathway is pivotal for the establishment of a morphologically functional tissue. (bvsalud.org)

RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)

In this work, we performed germ line and somatic targeted sequencing in a cohort of adult patients with hypoplastic bone marrow (BM) to study germ line predisposition variants and their clinical correlates. (bvsalud.org)

De Veylder L, Beemster GT, Beeckman T, Inzé D (2001) Cks1at overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana inhibits growth by reducing meristem size and inhibiting cell-cycle progression. (edu.pl)
Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)

Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)

The first therapy using stem cells was a bone marrow transplant performed by French oncologist Georges Mathé in 1958 on five workers at the Vinča Nuclear Institute in Yugoslavia who had been affected by a criticality accident. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, functional analysis of the individual RAD51 paralogues in cell lines has shown similar but non-redundant contributions in DNA repair processes such as HR efficiency, RAD51 nuclear focus formation, sensitization to mitomycin C (MMC) and protection of perturbed replications forks [ 11 ]. (nature.com)

Anatomy37

Organisms14

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs93

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes82

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proliferation26

Mutations7

Germline5

Pathways9

Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma1

Differentiation8

Regulates4

Chromosomal5

Proteins6

Arrest6

Genome6

Retinoblastoma3

Transition4

Tumor progression1

Cyclin-depend2

Regulation8

Protein12

Molecular4

Risk of progression1

Checkpoints1

Squamous cell carc3

Mitosis8

Genes4

Intracellular3

Vitro2

Gene9

Cytoplasm1

Transcription factor2

Initiation2

Chromosomes4

Dysregulation1

Meiotic1

Phase4

Tumours1

Apoptosis of cells contain1

Reproductive1

Biol2

HEK293T1

Embryonic fibroblasts2

Oncogene2

Replication2

Genomics1

Kinase3

Genetic9

Occur1

Renal Cell Carc2

Proliferate2

Tumour1

Progeny1

Stages1

Malignant1

Synthesis1

Human9

Cancer cells8

Stem cell8

Pathway1

Hematopoietic1

Cohort1

Growth2

Biology1

Nuclear2