Cell cycle checkpoints kept cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Discovery of a Novel Class of Triazolones as Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors--Hit to Lead Exploration. (rcsb.org)
To address the multiple potential pathways of drug resistance in GIST, the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor ripretinib was combined with MEK inhibitors in cell lines and mouse models. (bvsalud.org)
To determine the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the difference in its expression level between positive and negative HPV-16 (human papilloma virus- 16) OSCC patients. (bvsalud.org)
Immunotherapy with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors had previously shown efficacy as monotherapy in second- or later-line therapy for women with cervical cancer, but KEYNOTE 826 was the first study to show a benefit to promoting immunotherapy to the front ranks. (medscape.com)

If DNA damage or abnormalities in spindle formation are detected at these checkpoints, the cell is forced to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis . (britannica.com)
For example, mutations in a protein called p53 , which normally detects abnormalities in DNA at the G1 checkpoint, can enable cancer-causing mutations to bypass this checkpoint and allow the cell to escape apoptosis. (britannica.com)
If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (umassmed.edu)
Blocking ROS generation by N -acetyl cysteine protects the cells from DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest and apoptosis. (aspetjournals.org)
Reactivation of p53 in established tumors typically results in one of two cell fates, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, but it remains unclear how this cell fate is determined. (nih.gov)
We hypothesized that high mitochondrial priming prior to p53 reactivation would lead to apoptosis, while low priming would lead to survival and cell cycle arrest. (nih.gov)
Using a panel of Kras-driven, p53 restorable cell lines derived from genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma and sarcoma (both of which undergo cell cycle arrest upon p53 restoration), as well as lymphoma (which instead undergo apoptosis), we show that the level of mitochondrial apoptotic priming is a critical determinant of p53 reactivation outcome. (nih.gov)
Cells with high initial priming (e.g., lymphomas) lacked sufficient reserve antiapoptotic capacity and underwent apoptosis after p53 restoration. (nih.gov)
Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
In addition, cell cycle distribution analysis revealed that G0/G1 phase arrest was induced following pristimerin treatment in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, which was strongly associated with upregulation of p21 and p27, coupled with downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, pristimerin induced significant apoptosis of CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells, alongside decreased levels of caspase‑3 and specific cleavage of poly (ADP‑ribose) polymerase. (spandidos-publications.com)
Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Pristimerin exhibited potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on the OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and SCC-25. (spandidos-publications.com)
If a cell has an error in its DNA that cannot be repaired, it may undergo self-destruction ( apoptosis ). (medlineplus.gov)
Apoptosis is a common process throughout life that helps the body get rid of cells that no longer work or that it doesn't need. (medlineplus.gov)
Apoptosis protects the body by removing genetically damaged cells that could lead to cancer, and it plays an important role in the development of the embryo and the maintenance of adult tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
In a different study, in which researchers systematically analyzed mutations identical to those found in patients with Darier disease, mutant SERCA2 protein aggregates were found to cause stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, subsequently inducing cell apoptosis. (medscape.com)

As the eukaryotic cell cycle is a complex process, eukaryotes have evolved a network of regulatory proteins, known as the cell cycle control system, which monitors and dictates the progression of the cell through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The main mechanism of action of the cell cycle checkpoints is through the regulation of the activities of a family of protein kinases known as the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which bind to different classes of regulator proteins known as cyclins, with specific cyclin-CDK complexes being formed and activated at different phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The E2F gene family is a group of transcription factors that target many genes that are important for control of the cell cycle, including cyclins, CDKs, checkpoint regulators, and DNA repair proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The three pocket proteins are Retinoblastoma (Rb), p107, and p130, which bind to the E2F transcription factors to prevent progression past the G1 checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
The proteins that play a role in stimulating cell division can be classified into four groups- growth factors , growth factor receptors , signal transducers, and nuclear regulatory proteins ( transcription factors ). (britannica.com)
Cells use special proteins and checkpoint signaling systems to ensure that the cell cycle progresses properly. (britannica.com)
However, the cell cycle and its checkpoint systems can be sabotaged by defective proteins or genes that cause malignant transformation of the cell, which can lead to cancer . (britannica.com)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. (nih.gov)
Using mammalian, yeast, and frog systems, these readily reproducible methods can be used to induce cell cycle checkpoints, detect changes in cell cycle progression, identify and analyze genes and proteins that regulate the process, and characterize chromosomal status as a function of cell cycle phase and progression. (buynsellbooksonline.com)
The role of cell cycle checkpoint proteins is to integrate internal and external factors to determine whether the cell is prepared for progression of the cell cycle. (ptgcn.com)
The passage of a cell through the cell cycle is controlled by proteins in the cytoplasm. (ptgcn.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases and tumor suppressor proteins are stimulators and modulators of cell division. (ptgcn.com)
The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. (yeastgenome.org)
A cells cycle is positively regulated promoting progress through the stages via the interaction of two classes of proteins found in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)
Variation in response to OTQ by each cell strain at the protein level was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and western blot for cell cycle checkpoint proteins p53 and p21. (cdc.gov)
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)
These viral proteins also interact with other several cellular factors and lead to revoke normal cell cycle checkpoint stand cell death mechanisms 13 . (bvsalud.org)

A collection of basic cutting-edge techniques for studying the mechanisms underlying cell cycle regulation and checkpoint control. (buynsellbooksonline.com)
This study provides novel evidence for widespread alterations in DNA methylation during postnatal heart maturation and suggests that cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest during the neonatal period is subject to regulation by DNA methylation. (nih.gov)
Taken together these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Our results show that the Tuberin/CycB1 interaction regulates cell size and this regulation is nutrient dependent. (uwindsor.ca)
The 1.7 A crystal structure of human cell cycle checkpoint kinase Chk1: implications for Chk1 regulation. (expasy.org)
The key interests lie within the field of genome integrity and variation, cell division, regulation of gene expression, protein turnover and signal transduction. (ki.se)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Tight regulation of this process ensures that a dividing cell's DNA is copied properly, any errors in the DNA are repaired, and each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Disruption of normal regulation of the cell cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. (medlineplus.gov)

Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
LY2606368 is a potent and selective ATP competitive inhibitor(IC50=1.5 nM in SW1990 cell) of the Chk1 protein kinase. (chemspider.com)
Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
CHICAGO - A new standard of care for patients with chemotherapy-naive persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer is first-line therapy with the combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab (Keytruda) with platinum-based chemotherapy and paclitaxel ― with or without bevacizumab. (medscape.com)
AND c) Participant with EGFR sensitizing mutation or BRAF mutation or ALK/ROS alterations must be able to demonstrate progression of the disease on approved treatments for these conditions, in addition to platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor. (who.int)

Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. (wikipedia.org)
Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met. (wikipedia.org)
Progression through these checkpoints is largely determined by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by regulatory protein subunits called cyclins, different forms of which are produced at each stage of the cell cycle to control the specific events that occur therein. (wikipedia.org)
Those complexes, in turn, activate different downstream targets to promote or prevent cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
We found that 5-ASA at concentrations between 10 and 40 mmol/L affects cell cycle progression by inducing cells to accumulate in the S phase. (nih.gov)
Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression of the CELL CYCLE through the G1 PHASE and allow transition to S PHASE when the cells are ready to undergo DNA REPLICATION. (umassmed.edu)
Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Chk1 facilitates the arrest of cell cycle progression and the inhibition of replication origin firing. (caltech.edu)
Cdh1 was dispensable for viability and cell cycle progression. (elsevierpure.com)

and the M (mitosis) phase, during which the duplicated chromosomes (known as the sister chromatids) separate into two daughter nuclei, and the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a full copy of DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Likewise, a checkpoint during mitosis ensures that the cell's spindle fibres are properly aligned in metaphase before the chromosomes are separated in anaphase. (britannica.com)
DNA damage checkpoint response to accidental DSBs during mitosis requires the Rad53 effector kinase, whereas the meiosis-specific Mek1 kinase, together with Red1 and Hop1, mediates the recombination checkpoint in response to programmed meiotic DSBs. (unimi.it)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of the parent cell splits into two identical nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
When B levels drop, the cell exits mitosis and divides. (jove.com)
Nup160 and Nup96 (components of the Nup107-160 nucleoporin complex) localize at spindle poles during mitosis in HeLa cells whereas Nup93 and Nup62 (nucleoporins absent from the Nup107-160 complex)do n. (ucsd.edu)

Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1, CHEK1) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays a key role in mediating the cellular response to DNA-damage. (rcsb.org)

Link to all annotated objects annotated to obsolete detection of stimulus involved in mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. (planteome.org)

Finally, transcription factors within the nucleus must initiate the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation. (britannica.com)
SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
How do genes control the growth and division of cells? (medlineplus.gov)
A variety of genes are involved in the control of cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)
The cell cycle has checkpoints (also called restriction points), which allow certain genes to check for problems and halt the cycle for repairs if something goes wrong. (medlineplus.gov)

The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)

Having a better understanding of how specific changes in this large protein alters fundamental cell biology such as cell proliferation and cell size can ultimately help to effectively treat patients with these specific mutations. (uwindsor.ca)
CMB is comprised of more than 30 independent research groups organized in three themes: Cell Biology, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology and Infection and Cancer. (ki.se)
The central aim of the research within the Cell Biology theme is to gain a deeper understanding of the biology of the eukaryotic cell. (ki.se)
Thus the theme encloses expertise within bioinformatics, biophysics, biochemistry, molecular cell biology and genetics. (ki.se)
The stem cell and developmental biology program at CMB is engaged in a broad range of basic research aimed at understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse aspects of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. (ki.se)
Basic genetic and molecular biology methodologies are combined with complementary bioinformatic and genome-wide approaches, allowing investigation global molecular changes in cells in various differentiation processes. (ki.se)

The activation of replication checkpoint may slow down DNA replication and improve DNA replication fidelity, which increases the maintenance of genomic stability and counteracts carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
Genotoxic stress which specifically affects cells in S-phase is detected by the replication checkpoint. (caltech.edu)

Positive regulators include two protein groups that allow cells to pass through regulatory checkpoints: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (jove.com)

and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)

Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Cell department is controlled through cooperation of different kinases. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
Furthermore, pristimerin exhibited a more potent anti‑proliferative activity in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells than the common chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and 5‑fluorouracil. (spandidos-publications.com)
This is based on final overall survival results from the phase 3 randomized KEYNOTE-826 study , which showed that adding immunotherapy resulted in a 40% reduction in risk of death compared with chemotherapy alone for women with advanced cervical cancers expressing programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1). (medscape.com)
a) Having progressive disease during or after platinum-based chemotherapy (at least 2 cycles). (who.int)

For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)

Rad53 phosphorylation/activation is elicited when unrepaired meiosis-specific DSBs escape the recombination checkpoint. (unimi.it)

These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
We evaluated the effect of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) in ovarian cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
DIM treatment inhibited the growth of SKOV-3, TOV-21G, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells in both a dose- and time-dependent manner with effective concentrations ranging from 40 to 100 μM. (aspetjournals.org)
These results clearly indicate the requirement of Chk2 activation to cause G 2 /M arrest by DIM in ovarian cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Our results establish Chk2 as a potent molecular target of DIM in ovarian cancer cells and provide the rationale for further clinical investigation of DIM. (aspetjournals.org)
Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
Through detailed characterization of fundamental molecular mechanisms of normal and perturbed cells, the theme strives to unravel information that increases the understanding of various diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. (ki.se)
however, the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of pristimerin in oral cancer cells have not yet been identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-dependent macrophages and other inflammatory cells can suppress the adaptive immune system in cancer and contribute to angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
In preclinical studies, vimseltinib durably suppressed CSF1R activity in vitro and in vivo, depleted macrophages and other CSF1R-dependent cells, and resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and bone degradation in mouse cancer models. (bvsalud.org)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
A subpopulation of cells within a cancer has the properties of stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
A cancer may release cells into the circulation at a very early stage of development. (msdmanuals.com)
Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
Experiments suggest that the abilities to invade, migrate, and successfully implant and stimulate new blood vessel growth are all important properties of the cells that cause metastases, which are likely a subpopulation of the primary cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)
Randomized, Open Label Phase 3 study of SAR408701 versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated metastatic non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients with CEACAM5 positive tumors. (who.int)

Uncontrolled cell proliferation upon knockdown confirms the function of Tsp2A as tumor suppressor Z-DQMD-FMK furthermore to its function in sSJ framework and transepithelial transportation. (petrocollapse.org)
It is our hypothesis that these mutations can affect the Tuberin/CycB1 interaction and result in dysregulation of cell proliferation and cell size. (uwindsor.ca)
Results demonstrated that pristimerin was toxic against the two cell lines, and exhibited inhibitory effects against proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)

The integrity of DNA replication control and checkpoint mechanisms is essential for preventing tumorigenesis. (caltech.edu)

Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)
[ 22 ] Investigators transfected a fibroblast cell line with 51 different mutations seen in keratosis follicularis (Darier disease) pedigrees. (medscape.com)

By default, CDKs are always present in a cell in an inactivated form. (jove.com)

Cyclins can be categorized as G 1 , G 1 /S, S, or M cyclins based on the cell cycle phase or transition they are most involved in. (jove.com)
Generally, levels of a given cyclin are low during most of the cell cycle but abruptly increase at the checkpoint they most contribute to (G 1 cyclins are an exception, as they are required throughout the cell cycle). (jove.com)

Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p). (yeastgenome.org)
The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, with over 40,000 new cases per year in the US. (medscape.com)
In the present study, the anticancer potential of pristimerin was investigated in two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, CAL‑27 and SCC‑25. (spandidos-publications.com)
Because it is very invasive, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is poor ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The recurrence is a serious prognostic influence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) 1-3 . (bvsalud.org)
2014) 16 reported and compared the histologic, immunohistochemical and clinical features as well as the survival rates of carcinoma arising in patients with PVL (p-scca) and conventional squamous cell carcinoma (c-scca). (bvsalud.org)

G 2 /M arrest was associated with DNA damage as indicated by phosphorylation of H 2 A.X at Ser139 and activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in all the three cell lines. (aspetjournals.org)
In addition studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Here we provide evidence that exogenous DSBs lead to Rad53 phosphorylation during the meiotic cell cycle, whereas programmed meiotic DSBs do not. (unimi.it)

This research aims at characterizing molecules and signals involved in controlling the undifferentiated state and self-renewal capacity of stem cells, and to develop methods to direct the differentiation of stem cells into clinically relevant cell types. (ki.se)

The G1 checkpoint, also known as the restriction point in mammalian cells and the start point in yeast, is the point at which the cell becomes committed to entering the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
As the cell progresses through G1, depending on internal and external conditions, it can either delay G1, enter a quiescent state known as G0, or proceed past the restriction point. (wikipedia.org)
To determine the potential sources of variability in IMT, we first use an existing model of the Rb-E2F network, which controls cell cycle entry at the restriction point. (mtsu.edu)
At the restriction point (R), mammalian cells irreversibly commit to divide. (ebi.ac.uk)

When activated, these different signaling networks result in varying cell fate decisions such as cell growth, division, differentiation, and cell death. (mtsu.edu)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)

The mammalian cell can be thought of as an information processing unit, much like a computer. (mtsu.edu)

The decision to commit to a new round of cell division occurs when the cell activates cyclin-CDK-dependent transcription which promotes entry into S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Here we reconcile these results and show that whereas many commonly used cell lines do not exhibit a G1 R, primary fibroblasts have a G1 R that is defined by a precise Cdk activity threshold and the activation of cell-cycle-dependent transcription. (ebi.ac.uk)
Transcription in each cell strain was also analyzed with high-density oligonucleotide DNA microarrays (HuGeneFL 6800, Affymetrix) Microarrays were prepared with total RNA collected after OTQ treatment. (cdc.gov)
Further clustering highlighted >400 species with increased expression after treatment in one or more of the cell strains, including metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. (cdc.gov)

The stages G1, S, and G2 make up interphase, which accounts for the span between cell divisions. (britannica.com)

We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

A simple threshold model, based solely on Cdk activity, predicted with more than 95% accuracy whether individual cells had passed R. That a single measurement accurately predicted cell fate shows that the state of complex regulatory networks can be assessed using a few critical protein activities. (ebi.ac.uk)
Internal regulatory checkpoints ensure that a cell's size, energy reserves, and DNA quality and completeness are sufficient to advance through the cell cycle. (jove.com)

Furthermore, we found that Cdh1 -1- cells fail to maintain DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest and that Cdh1-APC is activated by X-irradiation-induced DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)

Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)
Basal cell carcinoma of the right lower lid. (medscape.com)

Here we show that encysted embryos (cysts) of the primitive crustacean are ideal for such research because they undergo WNT7A complete cell cycle arrest when they enter diapause (a state of obligate dormancy). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Diapause embryos usually do not undergo cell DNA or department. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Key areas of investigation are the identification and functional characterization of stem cell niches in developing tissues and adult organs. (ki.se)

For a stimulatory signal to reach the nucleus and "turn on" cell division, four main steps must occur. (britannica.com)
Third, this activation must stimulate a signal to be transmitted, or transduced, from the receptor at the cell surface to the nucleus within the cell. (britannica.com)
The series of events in which information about a biological process or quality is received and converted into a molecular signal, contributing to a mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. (planteome.org)

To further establish the involvement of Chk2 in DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest, cells were transfected with dominant-negative Chk2 (DN-Chk2). (aspetjournals.org)
Blocking Chk2 activation by DN-Chk2 completely protected cells from DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
These results were further confirmed in Chk2 knockout DT40 lymphoma cells, in which DIM failed to cause cell cycle arrest. (aspetjournals.org)

These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)

The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Development of most solid tumors is characterized by an increase in secretion and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by either the tumor cells or tumor-associated fibroblasts. (bvsalud.org)

Altogether, these data indicate that Rad53 prevents sister chromatid segregation in the presence of unrepaired programmed meiotic DSBs, thus providing a salvage mechanism ensuring genetic integrity in the gametes even in the absence of the recombination checkpoint. (unimi.it)

Cyclophilin overexpression is a common event in fibrotic tissues playing a key role in different stages of the fibrotic process, including inflammation, hepatocyte death, and activation of the hepatic stellate cells leading to increased collagen production. (lu.se)

To further understand the mechanism of action of OTQ, gene expression was studied in four strains of primary normal human mammary epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

The cell cycle checkpoints play an important role in the control system by sensing defects that occur during essential processes such as DNA replication or chromosome segregation, and inducing a cell cycle arrest in response until the defects are repaired. (wikipedia.org)

At these checkpoints, positive and negative regulators promote or inhibit a cell's continuation through the cell cycle. (jove.com)

These signaling networks are subject to randomness, so that cell fate decisions are variable. (mtsu.edu)
A process that occurs in response to signals generated as a result of mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling. (planteome.org)
Link to all direct and indirect annotations to response to mitotic cell cycle checkpoint signaling. (planteome.org)
Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad53 checkpoint kinase in signaling double-strand breaks during the meiotic cell cycle / H. Cartagena-Lirola, I. Guerini, N. Manfrini, G. Lucchini, M.P. Longhese. (unimi.it)

Compared to the eukaryotic cell cycle, the prokaryotic cell cycle (known as binary fission) is relatively simple and quick: the chromosome replicates from the origin of replication, a new membrane is assembled, and the cell wall forms a septum which divides the cell into two. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore, we conclude that DDK regulates a largely checkpoint-independent role of Claspin function. (caltech.edu)
We have established that Tuberin binds and regulates the G2/M cyclin, Cyclin B1 (CycB1) creating a new G2/M checkpoint. (uwindsor.ca)

All living organisms are the products of repeated rounds of cell growth and division. (wikipedia.org)
cell cycle , the ordered sequence of events that occur in a cell in preparation for cell division . (britannica.com)
gene was first identified during screening of for mutants defective in cell division. (biospraysehatalami.com)
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) to produce two daughter cells. (ptgcn.com)
Most of the cells that make up higher organisms, like vertebrate animals and flowering plants, reproduce via a process called cell division. (visionlearning.com)
In cell division, a cell makes a copy of its DNA and then separates itself into two identical cells - each with its own copy of DNA enveloped inside a nucleus. (visionlearning.com)
That's right, the hundreds of millions of cells that make up the bone and flesh of your body are products of thousands of generations of cell division that began when you were smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. (visionlearning.com)
In particular, he was interested in the process of cell division. (visionlearning.com)

Most plant and animal cells replicate by splitting into two identical daughter cells. (visionlearning.com)

Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms7

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes86

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Inhibitors6

Apoptosis20

Proteins20

Regulation10

Inhibitor5

Progression11

Mitosis6

Chk11

Involved in mitotic cell1

Genes6

Pathways4

Biology6

Replication checkpoint2

Cyclin-depende1

Spindle checkpoint1

Kinases3

Chemotherapy4

Chromosomes1

Meiosis1

Cancer25

Proliferation3

Mechanisms1

Mutations2

CDKs1

Cyclins2

Assembly checkpoint2

Squamous cell carc5

Phosphorylation3

Clinically relevant1

Restriction point4

Differentiation2

Mammalian cell1

Transcription4

Interphase1

Mitotic catastrophe1

Regulatory2

Damage-induced1

Basal2

Undergo2

Characterization1

Signal3

Chk23

Disruption1

Tumor cells2

Recombination1

Stages1

Mechanism1

Chromosome segregation1

Cell's1

Signaling4

Eukaryotic cell1

Regulates2

Division8

Replicate1

Genetic damage1