Cell cycle checkpoints arrest the cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cycloheximide or Chk2 inhibitor pretreatment abrogated not only activation of Chk2 but also G 2 /M arrest and apoptosis mediated by DIM. (aspetjournals.org)
Blocking ROS generation by N -acetyl cysteine protects the cells from DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest and apoptosis. (aspetjournals.org)
Cells with a defective G2-M checkpoint will undergo apoptosis or death after cell division if they enter the M phase before repairing their DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in several tumors, but not in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (nih.gov)
MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to study cell growth, and flow cytometry was used to study apoptosis and cell cycles in different RCC cells treated with various doses of kaempferol. (nih.gov)
A significant inhibition on cell growth, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed in 786-O and 769-P cells after kaempferol treatment compared with the control group. (nih.gov)
Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)
Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
Combined experimental and computational analysis of DNA damage signaling reveals context-dependent roles for Erk in apoptosis and G1/S arrest after genotoxic stress. (umassmed.edu)
Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (umassmed.edu)
JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
We show here that expression of EBF3 resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
Extracts prepared from Trametes versicolor under the trade name of I'm-Yunity exhibit anti-tumorigenic activities, as supported by inhibition of the proliferation and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
Similar to these drugs, eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor that induces apoptosis of cancer cells by stopping mitosis in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle . (shu.edu)
Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to determine if VALD-3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and Annexin V/PI staining was performed to quantify the percentages of apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
Moreover, transfected cells were hypersusceptible to apoptosis when activated through the T cell receptor. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Al-Ramadi, BK , Zhang, H & Bothwell, ALM 1998, ' Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis hypersusceptibility as a consequence of Lck deficiency in nontransformed T lymphocytes ', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 95, no. 21, pp. 12498-12503. (uaeu.ac.ae)

The G2-M DNA damage checkpoint is an important cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms that ensures that cells don't initiate mitosis until damaged or incompletely replicated DNA is sufficiently repaired. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulation of cyclin B increases the activity of the cyclin dependent kinase Cdk1 human homolog Cdc2 as cells prepare to enter mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Through experiments in Xenopus laevis cell-free egg extracts, such model was confirmed as the basis for entry into mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Our results establish a crucial role for E4F during early embryonic cell cycles and reveal an unexpected function for E4F in mitosis. (cnrs.fr)
In addition cells have evolved a damage-sensing checkpoint system whereby the cells delay entry into mitosis until the break has been repaired. (brandeis.edu)
DSBs are first detected and signaled by the DNA damage checkpoint that triggers cell cycle arrest, providing time for the cell to repair damaged chromosomes before entering mitosis. (cea.fr)
Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
However, existing mitosis-targeting chemotherapeutic agents do not discriminate between healthy and malignant cell lines, resulting in severe side-effects . (medicalxpress.com)
The challenge therefore is to identify molecular targets associated with mitosis of cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
This is linked to the lack of a functional G1/S-phase checkpoint, which allows the cells to enter the S-phase almost directly after mitosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
We found that Plk1 suppressed the activity of RSK1 during embryonic mitosis and that Plk1 was inhibited during embryonic diapause and mitotic arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Thus, unlike other tumor suppressors, RPL5/RPL11 play an essential role in normal cell proliferation, a function cells have evolved to rely on in lieu of a cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
Genotoxic damage causes robust alterations to pathways associated with B cell activation and increased proliferation, suggesting that genotoxic damage initiates not only the normal B cell maturation processes but also mimics activated B cell response to antigenic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Further, impaired proliferation of ES cells was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
Binding of one molecule of eribulin to two microtubules can inhibit cell proliferation by 50%, and such binding is reversible. (shu.edu)
It inhibits cytokine production and cell proliferation/differentiation in various immune cells. (uwo.ca)
This study demonstrated that modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signaling cascades can be beneficial for protecting or facilitating recovery from cellular LeTx intoxication in cells that depend on basal MEK1 activity for proliferation. (uwo.ca)
Among the proteins identified was Yph1p, a homologue of zebrafish pescadillo, mutations in which lead to cell proliferation defects. (rupress.org)
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)

Discovery of a Novel Class of Triazolones as Checkpoint Kinase Inhibitors--Hit to Lead Exploration. (rcsb.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
Those mechanisms affect which kind of therapies might work once cancer patients relapse on PARP inhibitors, a treatment that stops PARP proteins from repairing DNA damage in cancer cells and leads to cell death. (yale.edu)
Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
To address the multiple potential pathways of drug resistance in GIST, the KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor ripretinib was combined with MEK inhibitors in cell lines and mouse models. (bvsalud.org)

Early signaling proteins in the checkpoint pathway are members of a family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, rad3 in yeast and ATR in vertebrates, that are believed to localize to sites of DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
In response to DNA-damaging agents, the wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1 also known as p21) is an important downstream effector in the p53-specific growth arrest pathway. (lu.se)
In general, NHEJ is the preferred pathway in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while HR is favored in S and G2 phases. (cea.fr)
Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
However, THP-1 cells adaptively adjusted to LeTx and overrode cell cycle arrest by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (uwo.ca)
VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
By using antisense RNA, Lck-deficient transfectants of a T helper 2 (Th2) clone have been derived and shown to have a qualitative defect in the T cell receptor signaling pathway. (uaeu.ac.ae)
We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

The cell cycle is driven by proteins called cyclin dependent kinases that associate with cyclin regulatory proteins at different checkpoints of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
Once recruited to DSB, these complexes get activated and induce the phosphorylation of numerous targets including transducing kinases, which subsequently phosphorylate downstream effectors to delay cell cycle and promote DNA repair. (cea.fr)
Additionally, the checkpoint kinases modify the chromatin surrounding DNA damages through phosphorylation of the H2A histone (H2AX in mammals). (cea.fr)
Change in localisation depends on the checkpoint kinases Tel1ATM and Mec1ATR and has a positive effect on spontaneous recombination. (cea.fr)
Cell-cycle events have been shown to be triggered by oscillations in the activity of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) when bound to cyclins. (duke.edu)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Cell department is controlled through cooperation of different kinases. (biospraysehatalami.com)

The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)

Moreover, the results clearly showed that kaempferol causes a strong inhibition of the activation of the EGFR/p38 signaling pathways, upregulation of p21 expression and downregulation of cyclin B1 expression in human RCC cells, together with activation of PARP cleavages, induction of apoptotic death and inhibition of cell growth. (nih.gov)
It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
Chk1 facilitates the arrest of cell cycle progression and the inhibition of replication origin firing. (caltech.edu)
In human monocytic cell lines U-937 and THP-1, LeTx induced cell cycle arrest in Go-Gi phase by rapid down-regulation of cyclin D1/D2 and checkpoint kinase 1 through MEK1 inhibition. (uwo.ca)
In preclinical studies, vimseltinib durably suppressed CSF1R activity in vitro and in vivo, depleted macrophages and other CSF1R-dependent cells, and resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and bone degradation in mouse cancer models. (bvsalud.org)

The main rad3 effector is the kinase Chk1, which is required for the G2-M arrest in response to DNA-damaging agents. (wikipedia.org)
Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1, CHEK1) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that plays a key role in mediating the cellular response to DNA-damage. (rcsb.org)
ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
In addition to this interaction, MAD2 also interacts with Chk1, which is integral across multiple points of the cell cycle process, and this is one of the key interactions that plays a massive role in the process. (prospecbio.com)

During this work, the function of the proteins Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12, which were shown previously to be involved in ribosome biogenesis of mature cell lines, was investigated in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Yph1p was also found in complex with a variety of other proteins, including those involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and checkpoint control. (rupress.org)

Negative regulation of CyclinB-Cdc2 activity results in a delay in mitotic entry, which is important for cells to repair any DNA damage that may have accumulated after S phase and necessary before cell division can continue. (wikipedia.org)
We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)
Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
It seems now clear that posttranslational modification of both DNA repair and checkpoint proteins is of importance for the regulation of their activities but how these modifications are regulated and how they affect the activity of the proteins only begins to be described. (cea.fr)
Currently, two models of cell-cycle regulation have been proposed. (duke.edu)
This result fits with the second model of cell-cycle regulation. (duke.edu)
This finding adds a new layer of regulation to the second model, providing a mechanism that coordinates cell-cycle events with a TF network oscillator. (duke.edu)
Taken together, these data provide further insight into the regulation of the cell cycle. (duke.edu)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
Taken together these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)

By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
We have been fascinated by the process of yeast mating-type gene switching, in which cells replace about 700 bp of Ya or Y-specific DNA sequences at the MAT locus by recombining with one of two donor loci, called HMLDescription: image3 and HMRa. (brandeis.edu)
This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
In collaboration with AstraZeneca, Jensen has focused on three BRCA2 reversion alleles, containing deletions in the BRCA2 gene that reactivate DNA repair functions, in tumor cell DNA from ovarian cancer patients who relapsed on a PARP inhibitor. (yale.edu)
The second model proposes that a transcription factor (TF) network oscillator controls the timing of cell-cycle events, via proper timing of gene expression, including cyclins. (duke.edu)
By measuring global gene expression dynamics in cells with persistent CDK activity, I show that periodic transcription continues. (duke.edu)
The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
The most frequent rearrangement of the human MLL gene fuses MLL to AF4 resulting in high-risk infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). (ibecbarcelona.eu)
In contrast, ES cells showed strong induction of p53, but no induction of its target gene p21. (uni-muenchen.de)
gene was first identified during screening of for mutants defective in cell division. (biospraysehatalami.com)
In the rare disease tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), aberrant CSF1 expression and production driven by a gene translocation leads to the recruitment and growth of tumors formed by CSF1R-dependent inflammatory cells. (bvsalud.org)

We show that the effects on cell cycle progression stemmed from reduced ribosome content and translational capacity, which suppressed the accumulation of cyclins at the translational level. (nih.gov)
However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G 1 , resulting in abrogation of G 1 , arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27 Kipl . (elsevierpure.com)
However, similarly to yeast and Drosophila, loss of Cdh1 induced unscheduled accumulation of mitotic cyclins in G1, resulting in abrogation of G1, arrest caused by treatment with rapamycin, an inducer of p27Kipl. (elsevierpure.com)
Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, no robust accumulation of cells in G1-phase was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
5FU treated ES cells showed an accumulation of cells in S-phase instead. (uni-muenchen.de)

Defining the functional relationships between proteins is critical for understanding virtually all aspects of cell biology. (thebiogrid.org)
Both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 protein are involved in DNA repair," said Megan King , PhD , associate professor of cell biology and of molecular, cellular and development biology, and co-leader of the Radiobiology and Genome Integrity Research Program at Yale Cancer Center. (yale.edu)
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control cell-cycle events remains to be a fundamental question in cell biology. (duke.edu)

Pope PA, Pryciak PM. Functional overlap among distinct G1/S inhibitory pathways allows robust G1 arrest by yeast mating pheromones. (umassmed.edu)
Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)

Rad3 phosphorylates rad26 which is required to initiate, but not maintain the checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
Rad3 also phosphorylates a number of other proteins whose absence abolishes checkpoint DNA repair, including rad1, rad9, hus1 and rad17. (wikipedia.org)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
During oocyte maturation RSK both phosphorylates and down-regulates Myt1 causing prophase I arrest (24). (biospraysehatalami.com)

During the last decade, the non-random spatial arrangement of the genome into the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, as emerged as a key regulator of genome functions and notably of the propagation of a stable genome. (cea.fr)

The ATR kinase communicates DNA damage to the cell and activates DNA damage checkpoints, which arrest the cell cycle to provide time for repairs. (yale.edu)

G 2 /M arrest was associated with DNA damage as indicated by phosphorylation of H 2 A.X at Ser139 and activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in all the three cell lines. (aspetjournals.org)
To further establish the involvement of Chk2 in DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest, cells were transfected with dominant-negative Chk2 (DN-Chk2). (aspetjournals.org)
Blocking Chk2 activation by DN-Chk2 completely protected cells from DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
These results were further confirmed in Chk2 knockout DT40 lymphoma cells, in which DIM failed to cause cell cycle arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
These results clearly indicate the requirement of Chk2 activation to cause G 2 /M arrest by DIM in ovarian cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Our results establish Chk2 as a potent molecular target of DIM in ovarian cancer cells and provide the rationale for further clinical investigation of DIM. (aspetjournals.org)

This protein acts to integrate signals from ATM and ATR, two cell cycle proteins involved in DNA damage responses, that also associate with chromatin in meiotic prophase I. Phosphorylation of CDC25A protein phosphatase by this protein is required for cells to delay cell cycle progression in response to double-strand DNA breaks. (caslab.com)
In addition studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Genotoxic stress which specifically affects cells in S-phase is detected by the replication checkpoint. (caltech.edu)

Comparing these transcriptional responses provides a greater understanding of the mechanisms cells use in the differentiation between types of DNA damage and the potential consequences of different sources of damage. (biomedcentral.com)
The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)

For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)

Cdh1 was dispensable for viability and cell cycle progression. (elsevierpure.com)
A) Cell viability at 72 hours and (B) 6 days post-siCKAP5 treatment as measured by methoxynitrosulfophenyl-tetrazolium carboxanilide (XTT). (medicalxpress.com)
Values represent average % cell viability compared to cells treated with an equivalent concentration of siControl LNP. (medicalxpress.com)
The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)

Proteins that function in the G2-M checkpoint were originally identified in yeast screens that looked for mutants which show enhanced sensitivity to radiation, termed "rad" mutants. (wikipedia.org)
In this dissertation, I explore the mechanisms that coordinate and regulate cell-cycle progression in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (duke.edu)

The defining biochemical feature of this checkpoint is the activation of M-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which phosphorylate proteins that promote spindle assembly and bring the cell to metaphase. (wikipedia.org)

Furthermore, we found that Cdh1 -1- cells fail to maintain DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest and that Cdh1-APC is activated by X-irradiation-induced DNA damage. (elsevierpure.com)
Thus, activation of Cdh1-APC plays a crucial role in both cdk inhibitor-dependent G 1 arrest and DNA damage-induced G 2 arrest. (elsevierpure.com)
Thus, activation of Cdh1-APC plays a crucial role in both cdk inhibitor-dependent G1 arrest and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest. (elsevierpure.com)
DNA DAMAGE, or the deficiencies in specific cellular components or nutrients may cause the cells to halt before progressing through G1 phase. (umassmed.edu)
The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
It is required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage or the presence of unreplicated DNA. (caslab.com)
RAD9A is highly similar to Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9, a cell cycle checkpoint protein required for cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair in response to DNA damage. (avivasysbio.com)
This complex is recruited by checkpoint protein RAD17 to the sites of DNA damage, which is thought to be important for triggering the checkpoint-signaling cascade. (avivasysbio.com)
It has been suggested that MLL fusions render cells susceptible to additional chromosomal damage upon exposure to etoposide. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Treatment with etoposide consistently induced cell cycle arrest in S/G2/M independent of MA4/A4M expression, revealing a proper activation of the DNA damage checkpoints. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
These results suggest genotoxic damage may induce a unique cancer-prone phenotype and processes mimicking activated B cell response to antigenic agents, as well as the normal B cell maturation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Failure to properly repair this damage can lead to detrimental health effects, such as uncontrolled cell death and cancer formation. (biomedcentral.com)
This illustration shows the proposed relative location of the 2 known cell cycle arrest points in cells with MTD (microtubule damage). (shu.edu)

consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)
The integrity of DNA replication control and checkpoint mechanisms is essential for preventing tumorigenesis. (caltech.edu)
In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)

It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)

MAD2, standing for mitotic arrest deficient 2, is a spindle checkpoint protein that plays an integral role in the human body. (prospecbio.com)
A striking feature observed only in Lck- deficient T cells was the presence of a constitutively tyrosine- phosphorylated 32-kDa protein. (uaeu.ac.ae)

In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
Degradation of Mos inactivates p90RSK when mature metaphase II-arrested oocytes are fertilized (25-27) and Myt1 forms a complex with Plk1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Activated Akt inhibited GSK3 and prevented proteasome-mediated cyclin D1 degradation in LeTx-intoxicated THP-1 cells. (uwo.ca)

Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)

Localization of the proteins was predominantly nucleolar and the formation of a stable complex (PeBoW-complex), including all three proteins, was experimentally validated in mature mouse cells as well as in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)

Cy5 is labeled as magenta, and the cell membrane is stained with rabbit anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor and goat anti rabbit488 antibody. (medicalxpress.com)
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-dependent macrophages and other inflammatory cells can suppress the adaptive immune system in cancer and contribute to angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)

The mechanism that prevents separation and transition into anaphase is known as spindle checkpoint. (prospecbio.com)
The primary function of MAD2 is to accumulate at kinetochores, and generate a wait signal that functions to prevent the cell from progressing to the anaphase of the cell cycle until the appropriate moment, and this is integral to the process. (prospecbio.com)

Unexpectedly, we found that their depletion in primary human lung fibroblasts failed to induce cell cycle arrest but strongly suppressed cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)

Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression of the CELL CYCLE through the G1 PHASE and allow transition to S PHASE when the cells are ready to undergo DNA REPLICATION. (umassmed.edu)
During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
As cells migrate and experience forces from their surroundings, they constantly undergo mechanical deformations which reshape their plasma membrane (PM). To maintain homeostasis, cells need to detect and restore such changes, not only in terms of overall PM area and tension as previously described, but also in terms of local, nano-scale topography. (elifesciences.org)
Here we show that encysted embryos (cysts) of the primitive crustacean are ideal for such research because they undergo WNT7A complete cell cycle arrest when they enter diapause (a state of obligate dormancy). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Diapause embryos usually do not undergo cell DNA or department. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Cell cycle and DNA replication are top signaling hubs for medulloblastoma cell growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
Cell-cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of checkpoint kinase 2-cell division cycle 25C-cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1 signaling. (bioone.org)
This is integral to the whole process, and there is much to think about in the future by way of things like spindle checkpoint signaling, as well as the contribution of other proteins that play a role in the process. (prospecbio.com)
Cinobufotalin impedes Sw.71 cytotrophoblast cell line function via cell cycle arrest and apoptotic signaling. (tamu.edu)

Therefore, we conclude that DDK regulates a largely checkpoint-independent role of Claspin function. (caltech.edu)

A TLR9-dependent checkpoint governs B cell responses to DNA-containing antigens. (umassmed.edu)

Growth-inhibitory effects of DIM were mediated by cell cycle arrest in G 2 /M phase in all the three cell lines. (aspetjournals.org)
G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in this website by year, and whether "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
This process is initiated by RAG endonucleases while the lymphocytes are in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
In mature cells, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis are directly linked to the cell cycle machinery by a p53-dependent activation of the G1/S-phase checkpoint, leading to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Impaired ribosome biogenesis is known to activate a p53-dependent checkpoint in mature cell lines, which leads to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
The arrests the cell cycle in G1 phase between the shift from a low cdc2-expressing state to a high cdc2-expressing state. (shu.edu)
Yph1p levels were high in proliferating cells, but declined as cells entered the quiescent phase. (rupress.org)
Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)

Silencing of the EBF3 locus was observed in brain, colorectal, breast, liver, and bone tumor cell lines and its reactivation was achieved on treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A in a significant portion of these tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)

As loss of RPL5/RPL11 abrogates ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis to the same extent as loss of other essential 60S RPs, we reasoned the loss of RPL5 and RPL11 would induce a p53-independent cell cycle checkpoint. (nih.gov)
Here a DSB at the MAT locus is created by a site specific HO endonuclease, which we can induce synchronously in a large population of cells. (brandeis.edu)

We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)

We evaluated the effect of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) in ovarian cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
DIM treatment inhibited the growth of SKOV-3, TOV-21G, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells in both a dose- and time-dependent manner with effective concentrations ranging from 40 to 100 μM. (aspetjournals.org)

In the present study, we provide evidence that this aberrantly hyperphosphorylated protein is p34(cat2) (cdc2) a key regulator of cell-cycle progression. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)

Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)

It forms a checkpoint protein complex with RAD1 and HUS1. (avivasysbio.com)

Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage. (shu.edu)

Different phases of the cell cycle experience activation and/or deactivation of specific cyclin-CDK complexes. (wikipedia.org)
CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)

However, several studies have shown that some cell-cycle events, such as periodic transcription, can continue in the absence of CDK activity. (duke.edu)
How are periodic transcription and other cell-cycle events coupled to each other during a wild-type cell cycle? (duke.edu)
One model hypothesizes that oscillations in CDK activity controls the timing of cell-cycle events, including periodic transcription. (duke.edu)
Further, I show that during a wild-type cell cycle, checkpoints are responsible for arresting the bulk of periodic transcription. (duke.edu)

Anatomy23

Organisms7

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs115

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes86

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Apoptosis32

Mitosis14

Proliferation24

Inhibitors5

Pathway10

Kinases10

Assembly checkpoint1

Inhibition6

Chk14

Involved in ribosome biogenesis2

Regulation10

Gene13

Accumulation6

Biology3

Pathways4

Phosphorylates4

Eukaryotic1

Activates1

Chk26

Phosphorylation2

Replication checkpoint1

Differentiation3

Chromosomes1

Viability4

Yeast2

Spindle assembly1

Damage15

Mechanisms3

Mitotic catastrophe1

Deficient2

Degradation3

Cellular2

Localization1

Receptor2

Anaphase2

Suppressed cell cycle progression1

Undergo5

Signaling4

Regulates1

Responses1

Phase11

Tumor cell2

Induce2

Progression through the cell cycle1

Ovarian cancer2

Regulator1

Molecule1

Proteins involved1

Rad11

Disruption1

Phases of the cell cycle2

Epithelial3

Transcription4