• This is considered "crisis", a type of cell cycle arrest, and most cells in this state suffer apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show here that expression of EBF3 resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cell apoptosis or cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and chromosome misalignment was observed by a fluorescent microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pharmacological USP7 inhibition by P5091 retarded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, and overcomes taxane resistance by inducing the protein degradation of PLK1, resulting in chromosome misalignment in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 specifically dequbiquitinates and stabilizes both p53 and MDM2 to various degrees, and USP7 inhibition is expected to inactivate MDM2 and activate p53, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53 signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The available data suggest that USP7 inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells through the p53 pathway, and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor-induced cell death [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the apoptosis and invasive ability of GC cells, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was identified that propofol inhibited the viability and invasion, but promoted apoptosis of HGC‑27 and AGS cells in a dose‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, the present study indicated that propofol inhibited the proliferation and invasion, but enhanced the apoptosis of GC cells by regulating the circ‑PVT1/miR‑195‑5p/ETS1 axis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Peng and Zhang ( 8 ) indicated that propofol inhibited proliferation, but induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Similar to these drugs, eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor that induces apoptosis of cancer cells by stopping mitosis in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle . (shu.edu)
  • Taxol disrupts normal microtubule dynamics, activating the spindle checkpoint, which triggers mitotic arrest and/or cell death via apoptosis [3,4]. (nanolive.ch)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • The cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. (lookformedical.com)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • Furthermore, T44Bf selectively induces apoptosis in leukemia cell lines when compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • P53 exerts its effects by promoting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and multiple events including senescence, autophagy and ferroptosis [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The best option would be for a cell to successfully repair any damage that occurs, but when this isn't possible (and the damage hasn't reached a critical level of inducing apoptosis) a cell will become senescent to try and avoid becoming cancerous. (sens.org)
  • Studies suggest that some ribosomal proteins may have other functions, such as participating in chemical signaling pathways within the cell, regulating cell division, and controlling the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies indicate that a shortage of functioning ribosomes may increase apoptosis of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, resulting in a low number of red blood cells (anemia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Abnormal regulation of cell division or inappropriate triggering of apoptosis may contribute to the other health problems and unusual physical features that affect some people with Diamond-Blackfan anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Strains of S. cerevisiae that tolerate aneuploidy can stabilize products of broken chromosomes during proliferation, which can be recovered and studied in a laboratory setting. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein transport between the nuclear and the cytoplasmic compartment is a key factor for cell viability and proliferation. (massgeneral.org)
  • The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors was profoundly affected with early activation and then repression of p21 cip1/waf1 and persistent activation of both p27 kip1 and p57 kip2 , whereas genes involved in cell survival and proliferation were suppressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
  • Failure of mammalian cells to regulate their proliferation cycle leads to cancer. (nih.gov)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • By overexpressing PLK1, USP7 that had been depleted by RNAi ceased to induce chromosome misalignment in mitosis and again supported cell proliferation and cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In GC, Yang et al ( 7 ) reported that propofol suppressed the proliferation of SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells by promoting inhibitor of growth 3 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs control the levels of numerous cell cycle regulators that controls cell proliferation. (ukessays.com)
  • Binding of one molecule of eribulin to two microtubules can inhibit cell proliferation by 50%, and such binding is reversible. (shu.edu)
  • Instead of devolving into unchecked proliferation, it undergoes a permanent arrest of the cell cycle which could prevent cancers from growing rapidly. (sens.org)
  • The oncoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) promotes cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and therapeutic resistance in many types of cancer. (villajoyosacf.info)
  • In addition cells have evolved a damage-sensing checkpoint system whereby the cells delay entry into mitosis until the break has been repaired. (brandeis.edu)
  • DSBs are first detected and signaled by the DNA damage checkpoint that triggers cell cycle arrest, providing time for the cell to repair damaged chromosomes before entering mitosis. (cea.fr)
  • Further studies showed that P5091 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and particularly induced chromosome misalignment, indicating the key roles of USP7 in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis. (strangeindia.com)
  • We have already written a detailed blogpost about the characteristic phases of mitosis but as a reminder, metaphase describes the stage when the cell's chromosomes align along an invisible line in the center of the cell called the metaphasic plate. (nanolive.ch)
  • Cells entering mitosis in the presence of Taxol form abnormal spindles that contain additional spindle poles. (nanolive.ch)
  • The techniques used in the Cytogenetic laboratory all aim to produce a maximum number of cells undergoing mitosis. (premiumdiagnostics.pk)
  • Furthermore, in cultured Fanconi anemia cells, cell cycle arrest in gap 2/mitosis (G2/M) occurs at lower concentrations of clastogens than in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • This is the process we have studied most intensively, but we are also interested in an alternative process known as break-induced replication (BIR), where only one end of a chromosome break locates a template sequence and assembles a complete replication fork and can copy sequences to the end of a chromosome, producing a nonreciprocal translocation. (brandeis.edu)
  • The cohesin complex tethers the identical copies of each chromosome, called sister chromatids, together following DNA replication and promotes normal interphase chromosome structure and gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Extract prepared from unfertilized eggs is arrested by the presence of cytostatic factor (CSF) in a state with high levels of M-phase kinase activity, but can be stimulated to enter interphase, in which DNA replication occurs spontaneously. (nih.gov)
  • Chromosome replication and cell division of Escherichia coli are coordinated with growth such that wild-type cells divide once and only once after each replication cycle. (nih.gov)
  • To investigate the nature of this coordination, the effects of inhibiting replication on Z-ring formation and cell division were tested in both synchronized and exponentially growing cells with only one replicating chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • When replication elongation was blocked by hydroxyurea or nalidixic acid, arrested cells contained one partially replicated, compact nucleoid located mid-cell. (nih.gov)
  • In 1973, I continued these studies on the replication and structure of SV40 chromosomes at Harvard Medical School where they culminated in promotion to Full Professor with tenure in 1985. (nih.gov)
  • My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
  • Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
  • Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
  • In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
  • In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)
  • We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
  • Noteworthy, was our demonstration that although termination of DNA replication did not require specific DNA sequences, some DNA sequences did promote pausing of DNA replication forks in vivo (and DNA polymerase in vitro), and some sequences, such as thosewithin the termination region for SV40 DNA replication, did promote formation of catenated intertwines during separation of sibling chromosomes. (nih.gov)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • In this work, we have directly examined replication timing of the prekinetochore domain of human chromosomes. (rupress.org)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • however, mRNAs encoding a subset of factors important for error-free replication and chromosome segregation, including TIPIN, PLK2 and PLK3, remain at low abundance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • This suggests that DNA replication following escape from G1 arrest in drug is more error prone and provides a potential explanation for the DNA damage observed under long-term RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Conversely, intact damage can lead to transcription and replication arrest, leading to cell death and senescence (Hoeijmakers, 2009). (villajoyosacf.info)
  • It is formed through the fusion of two chromosome segments, each with a centromere, resulting in the loss of acentric fragments (lacking a centromere) and the formation of dicentric fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • The formation of dicentric chromosomes and their implications on centromere function are studied in certain clinical cytogenetics laboratories. (wikipedia.org)
  • FISH involves the use of fluorescent probes to detect and localize specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, and centromere-specific probes can be used to measure dicentric chromosome frequencies. (wikipedia.org)
  • It specifically stains constitutive heterochromatin, which are regions of the chromosome at or near the centromere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromosome analysis demonstrated significantly increased centromere fragmentation and translocations from each MWCNT at each dose. (cdc.gov)
  • An alternative view is that centromere identity is specified by an epigenetic mark on the chromosome that is independent of its underlying DNA ( Karpen and Allshire 1997 ). (rupress.org)
  • Selective Y centromere inactivation triggers chromosome shattering in micronuclei and repair by non-homologous end joining. (strangeindia.com)
  • MAD2, standing for mitotic arrest deficient 2, is a spindle checkpoint protein that plays an integral role in the human body. (prospecbio.com)
  • Chromosome structure in both interphase and M-phase cells is strongly influenced by the action of the cohesin and condensin protein complexes. (nih.gov)
  • Like the child's rod pulling a toy fish by its magnet, a microtubule catches a chromosome by its kinetochore - a cluster of protein and genetic material at the centre of the chromosome's X shape. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • USP7 was originally identified as a binding partner for the herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein and named herpes-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western blotting was performed to detect the protein levels of cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor P21 (P21), B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • UCK2 promoted cell cycle progression of HCC by preventing the degradation of mTOR protein and maintaining the stability of PDPK1 mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) The regulation of these protein levels is vital for the understanding of the cell cycle control and its dysregulation. (ukessays.com)
  • 2) Therefore, the proper control of protein levels is crucial for the cell cycle. (ukessays.com)
  • Depletion of NUP107 inhibits the growth of GBM cell lines through p53 protein stabilization. (bvsalud.org)
  • De Lange was the first to suggest that telomeres are shielded from the cell machinery by a protein complex. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • if this protein is absent, the cell will 'repair' the telomeres and glue together chromosomes by mistake. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • Telomerase is an RNA-protein complex (RNP) that comprises 30 ends of linear chromosomes which give rise to generation of the small telomere-repeat sequence (TTGGGG in ciliates and TTAGGG in humans) by using RNA prototype. (springeropen.com)
  • P53 is a key protein in tumor suppression encoded by the TP53 gene located on chromosome 17, its mutation being found in more than 50% of human cancers [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Badhai J, Frojmark AS, J Davey E, Schuster J, Dahl N. Ribosomal protein S19 and S24 insufficiency cause distinct cell cycle defects in Diamond-Blackfan anemia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using three-dimensional live-cell imaging of patient-derived tumor organoids (tumor PDOs), we show that CIN is widespread in colorectal carcinomas regardless of background genetic alterations, including microsatellite instability. (nature.com)
  • Cell-fate tracking showed that, although mitotic errors are frequently followed by cell death, some tumor PDOs are largely insensitive to mitotic errors. (nature.com)
  • Single-cell karyotype sequencing confirmed heterogeneity of copy number alterations in tumor PDOs and showed that monoclonal lines evolved novel karyotypes over time in vitro. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 4: Single-cell genome sequencing reveals karyotype heterogeneity in tumor PDOs. (nature.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Decreased expression of NBPF1 in neuroblastoma cell lines with loss of 1p36 heterozygosity and the marked decrease of anchorage-independent clonal growth of DLD1 colorectal carcinoma cells with induced NBPF1 expression further suggest that NBPF1 functions as tumor suppressor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a genome-wide screen for putative tumor suppressor genes, the EBF3 locus on the human chromosome 10q26.3 was found to be deleted or methylated in 73% of the examined cases of brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Silencing of the EBF3 locus was observed in brain, colorectal, breast, liver, and bone tumor cell lines and its reactivation was achieved on treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A in a significant portion of these tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Both USP7 and PLK1 were overexpressed in taxane-resistant cancer cells, and negatively correlated with the MP scores in tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, recent data have highlighted a role for altered p53 function in promoting the induction of immunosuppressive pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME) [ 4 ] , thus leading to immuno-escaping of malignant cells and facilitating disease progression. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The tumor suppressor gene p53 regulates cell cycle arrest to allow time for DNA repair. (villajoyosacf.info)
  • By examining mouse egg cells under the microscope, EMBL scientist Tomoya (Tomo) Kitajima was the first to track the movements of all of an egg cell's kinetochores during the whole of cell division - all 10 hours of it. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Tomo used software that had been previously developed in Jan's lab, which allowed him to programme a laser scanning microscope to find the chromosomes in the egg cell's vast inner space, and then film them during cell division. (scienceinschool.org)
  • The dicentric chromatid is pulled apart during anaphase of meiosis I with such force that the chromosome breaks at random positions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation increases the probability that dicentric chromosomes form after every mitotic event, creating physical bridges between them in anaphase and telophase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary function of MAD2 is to accumulate at kinetochores, and generate a wait signal that functions to prevent the cell from progressing to the anaphase of the cell cycle until the appropriate moment, and this is integral to the process. (prospecbio.com)
  • Only when all chromosomes are aligned, and every kinetochore is properly attached to a bundle of microtubules, can the cell proceed to enter anaphase. (nanolive.ch)
  • Rather than mounting a long-term mitotic arrest, these cells enter anaphase and divide their chromosomes in multiple directions, resulting in a multi-nucleated cell. (nanolive.ch)
  • During the last decade, the non-random spatial arrangement of the genome into the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, as emerged as a key regulator of genome functions and notably of the propagation of a stable genome. (cea.fr)
  • All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is a cytoskeletal drug, which binds to a specific site on β-tubulin [2], a major component of the microtubules that form the structure and shape of eukaryotic cells. (nanolive.ch)
  • Bod1-depleted cells form syntelic attachments that can oscillate and generate enough force to separate sister kinetochores, suggesting that microtubule-kinetochore interactions were intact. (rupress.org)
  • Cell viability or clonogenicity was tested by violet crystal assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, GC cell lines (HGC‑27 and AGS) were treated with various concentrations of propofol, and an MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of chromosomes essential for maintaining genome stability and cell viability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomeres are essential for maintaining genome stability and cell viability, with dysfunctional telomeres triggering a classic DNA-damage response that enables double-strand breaks and cell cycle arrest [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome instability and aneuploidies occur very frequently in human embryos, impairing proper embryogenesis and leading to cell cycle arrest, loss of cell viability, and developmental failures in 50-80% of cleavage-stage embryos. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)
  • The resulting dicentric chromosomes are highly unstable, giving rise to chromosomal translocations, deletions and amplifications, such as the Robertsonian translocation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unrepaired or incorrectly repaired DNA damage may lead to loss of heterozygosity, mutations, deletions, genomic rearrangements and chromosome loss. (cea.fr)
  • Of notice, TP53 mutated AML is frequently associated with complex karyotypes, chromotrypsis and deletions of chromosomes 5, 7 and 17, especially when a bi-allelic TP53 mutation is found [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • abstract = "Anti-mitotic therapies have been considered a hallmark in strategies against abnormally proliferating cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We have been fascinated by the process of yeast mating-type gene switching, in which cells replace about 700 bp of Ya or Y-specific DNA sequences at the MAT locus by recombining with one of two donor loci, called HMLDescription: image3 and HMRa. (brandeis.edu)
  • The DNA- damage response gene, p53 , is an important mediator of this cell-death pathway. (the-scientist.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Gene fusions by chromothripsis of chromosome 5q in the VCaP prostate cancer cell line. (strangeindia.com)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • Chromosome mis-segregation generates cell-cycle-arrested cells with complex karyotypes that are eliminated by the immune system. (strangeindia.com)
  • Egg extracts, in which the cell cycle state can be manipulated, contain stockpiles of nuclear proteins (including condensin and cohesin) sufficient for the assembly of thousands of nuclei per microliter. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, proteome analysis of NBPF1-overexpressing DLD1 cells identified 32 differentially expressed proteins, of which several are implicated in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T he presence and activity of various proteins are required in the cell cycle progression. (ukessays.com)
  • The mammalian TRF1 and TRF2 proteins, for example, bind double-stranded telomeres via a Myb-like DNA-binding domain and are involved with telomere length regulation and chromosome end protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of chromosomes and consist of stretches of repetitive DNA (5'-TTAGGG-3' in vertebrates and trypanosomatids) and associated proteins [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Senescent cells secrete various proteins and molecules that cause inflammation. (sens.org)
  • Well, it turns out that some of those inflammatory proteins and molecules that make up the SASP can have negative effects on other cells and tissues. (sens.org)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • Most dicentric chromosomes are known to form through chromosomal inversions, which are rotations in regions of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakages or intra-chromosomal recombinations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multinucleation is thought to be a result of chromosomal instability or telomere shortening [9], both of which can stimulate chromosome fusion. (nanolive.ch)
  • This will maintain the chromosomal integrity of recurrently dividing cells, which is supposed to be inactive in most somatic cells and is maintained during adulthood [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Pseudodicentric chromosomes Dicentric chromosomes may lead to pseudodicentric mutations, in which one of the centromeres on the chromosome becomes inactivated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Telomeres When telomeres of chromosomes shorten with continued cell divisions, the chromosome ends may also fuse, forming dicentric chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Telomeres inhibit DNA damage response at the ends of the chromosome to suppress cell cycle arrest as well as ensure genome stability. (turkishjournalpediatrics.org)
  • Titia de Lange has been awarded the Dr H.P. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics 2012 for her research on telomeres, the protective elements located at the tips of chromosomes, which play a crucial role in ageing and cancer. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • When shelterin is not working properly, the telomeres set off a false alarm, resulting in cell cycle arrest or cell death. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • Together with her collaborator Jack Griffith, De Lange found that telomeres are arranged into lasso-like loops that hide the chromosome end. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • Telomeres play a major role in healthy and sick cells. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • These complexes, which are abundant at chromosome ends but do not accumulate elsewhere, are present at telomeres throughout the cell cycle and their action is limited to telomeres [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While there are ongoing research projects to define new markers or causes of senescence, we do know that senescence can be induced by damage to DNA, shortening of telomeres (which are the protective caps at the end of DNA molecules), mitochondrial damage, and something called epigenetic factors, which refers to changes to our chromosomes that affect the way DNA is packaged and genes are expressed. (sens.org)
  • We propose that the presence of a compact, incompletely replicated nucleoid or unsegregated chromosome masses at the normal mid-cell division site inhibits Z-ring formation and that the SOS system, SlmA, and MinC are not required for this inhibition. (nih.gov)
  • Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
  • ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Escape from G1 arrest during acute MEK inhibition drives the acquisition of drug resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)
  • Small interfering RNA depletion of Bod1 in HeLa cells produces elongated mitotic spindles with severe biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
  • Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage. (shu.edu)
  • This illustration shows the proposed relative location of the 2 known cell cycle arrest points in cells with MTD (microtubule damage). (shu.edu)
  • The centrosome cycle (1 or 2 MTOC indicates microtubule organizing centers) is shown to be coordinated with the DNA/chromosome cycle (2N or 4N DNA content). (shu.edu)
  • As these chromosomes are pulled apart, the chromosome bridges break, resulting in the formation of "tailed" nuclei, protrusions of the nuclei into the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • In reality, senescent cells are highly metabolically active which means that there are still many cellular processes happening within the cytoplasm. (sens.org)
  • The formation of dicentric chromosomes has been attributed to genetic processes, such as Robertsonian translocation and paracentric inversion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of particular importance is miRNA-21 (MIR21) due to its role in regulating programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, because chromosome condensation occurs spontaneously in M-phase extracts, sperm nuclei are added directly to CSF extracts to assay condensation. (nih.gov)
  • 2 Cell-cycle arrest occurs at multiple stages: G 1 , S, and G 2 /M. (the-scientist.com)
  • For example, neuronal cell death after stroke or in several neurodegenerative disorders likely occurs via programmed cell death responding to cellular stress signals. (the-scientist.com)
  • The oocyte must maintain arrest at the diplotene stage until meiotic resumption occurs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normally, our cells are pretty good at repairing and coping with damage that occurs. (sens.org)
  • There are a few different things that can happen once cell damage occurs. (sens.org)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • consequently cells have evolved a variety of mechanisms to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs). (brandeis.edu)
  • Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
  • 3 Such cellular-suicide mechanisms can eliminate cells that could present problems for the whole organism because of alterations in the DNA or difficulties in dealing with stressful stimuli. (the-scientist.com)
  • In the present study, we found that knockdown of UCK2 induced cell cycle arrest through dual mechanisms in HCC and that targeting UCK2 promoted the secretory features involved in the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and inflammasomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • Mechanisms generating cancer genome complexity from a single cell division error. (strangeindia.com)
  • Ly, P. & Cleveland, D. W. Rebuilding chromosomes after catastrophe: emerging mechanisms of chromothripsis. (strangeindia.com)
  • The epidermis is derived primarily from surface ectoderm but is colonized by pigment-containing melanocytes of neural crest origin, antigen-processing Langerhans cells of bone marrow origin, and pressure-sensing Merkel cells of neural crest origin. (medscape.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (bone marrow, cord blood, or peripheral blood stem cells) may cure aplastic anemia and prevent myelodysplastic syndrome or leukemia. (medscape.com)
  • This disorder primarily affects the bone marrow, which produces new blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • Irradiation Radiation is known to induce abnormalities in the nuclei of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results: Dose-dependent partitioning of individual nanotube s in the cell nuclei was observed for each MWCNT material and was greatest for MWCNT-7. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our investigations are ongoing in biomarkers of resistance and potential new targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer, melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. (massgeneral.org)
  • 1 Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104. (nih.gov)
  • LC-MS/MS analysis was used to investigate the proteome of DLD1 colon cancer cells with induced NBPF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Previous studies have investigated the inhibitory effect of propofol on cancer cells in a variety of tumors, such as breast ( 2 ), lung ( 3 ) pancreatic ( 4 ), ovarian ( 5 ), hepatic ( 6 ) and gastric cancer (GC) ( 7 , 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Interestingly, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BLMs in different cancer cell lines varies from nM to μM ranges. (lookformedical.com)
  • In recent studies, this linker modified analog of goniothalamin was shown to be cytotoxic against PC-3 (prostate cancer) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.13 μM and 2.6 μM, respectively. (lookformedical.com)
  • The telomerase enzyme is found in 80-90% of cancer cells isolated from major human tumors, although it is not found in the adjacent cells of healthy human tissue [ 2 , 3 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Another hallmark of p53 mutated cancer is reprogramming of several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle), purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and iron metabolism [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The leading hypothesis for why senescent cells exist is that they serve as a preventative measure against cancer. (sens.org)
  • Because they are no longer dividing, it might sound like senescent cells are inactive and prevent cancer by completely shutting down. (sens.org)
  • Senescent cells are great for the initial prevention of cancer, but remember the SASP I just mentioned? (sens.org)
  • Although senescent cells start out as helpers that prevent cancer, too many of them can become a detriment to human health. (sens.org)
  • 13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
  • Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
  • As a graduate student with Julius Adler, I identified the basal body of the bacterial flagellum, develop methods for its purification, and elucidate its fine structure and specific attachments to the bacterial cell envelope. (nih.gov)
  • Because in vitro genotoxicity is correlated with in vivo genotoxic response, these studies in primary human lung cells may predict the genotoxic potency in exposed human populations. (cdc.gov)
  • We have combined the proteomic analysis of Xenopus laevis in vitro-assembled chromosomes with RNA interference and live cell imaging in HeLa cells to identify novel factors required for proper chromosome segregation. (rupress.org)
  • Our experiment shows that this cell line at least, can tolerate multinucleation over short periods of time, which may prove useful for understanding of the properties of multinucleated cells, a subject of interest for researchers attempting to use cells cultured in vitro for tissue engineering [11]. (nanolive.ch)
  • Human fibroblast monocultures were found to be insufficient to fully replicate in vivo fibrosis outcomes suggesting in vitro predictive potential depends upon more advanced cell culture in vitro models. (cdc.gov)
  • NV556 treatment in an in vitro 3D human liver Extracellular Matrix (ECM) cultured with a TGFβ1-activated human hepatic stellate cell line led to decreased collagen production. (lu.se)
  • Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)
  • Sister chromatid cohesion is assessed by then driving the extract into M phase by the addition of fresh CSF-arrested extract. (nih.gov)
  • For optimal responses, DNA repair must coordinate with other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
  • Let-7 Let-7 has an essential role in cell cycle and the differentiation of cell cycle terminals. (ukessays.com)
  • We carried out single cell expression profiling of 241 individual cells recovered from 32 human embryos during the early and late stages of viable human blastocyst (VHB) differentiation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • HPAT's expression-guided spatiotemporal reconstruction of human embryonic development inferred from single-cell expression analysis of VHB differentiation enabled identification of telomerase-positive embryonic cells co-expressing key pluripotency regulatory genes and genetic markers of three major lineages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • Releasing Bod1-depleted cells from a monastrol block increases the frequency of syntelic attachments and the number of cells displaying biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
  • The biochemical machinery of human cells is designed to see breaks in the DNA ribbon as "defects" and to glue the loose ends together again. (heinekenprizes.org)
  • Present findings indicate that T44Bf-mediated antiproliferative effects are associated with a reversible chronic mitotic arrest caused by defects in chromosome alignment, followed by induced programmed cell death. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • A dicentric chromosome is an abnormal chromosome with two centromeres. (wikipedia.org)
  • Abnormal p53 (p53abn) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining patterns can be found in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). (bvsalud.org)
  • Mitsui-7, heat-treated, and nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotube s elicit genotoxicity in human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Our aim was to measure the genotoxicity of MWCNT-7 compared to these two physicochemically-altered MWCNTs in human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B & SAEC). (cdc.gov)
  • The main events of human meiosis during egg cell maturation. (scienceinschool.org)
  • A: During the first five months of development of a female human embryo, all its potential future egg cells are formed. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Kinetochores were labeled by expression of epitope-tagged CENP-A, which stably marks prekinetochore domains in human cells. (rupress.org)
  • Kato, H. & Sandberg, A. A. Chromosome pulverization in human cells with micronuclei. (strangeindia.com)
  • Focusing on the extensively studied family of thiosemicarbazone (TSC) compounds, we have previously identified 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone thiosemicarbazone (T44Bf) as a promising pharmacological compound in a panel of human leukemia cell lines (HL60, U937, KG1a and Jurkat). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • This high frequency of cellular extinction events represents a significant experimental obstacle challenging analyses of individual cells isolated from human preimplantation embryos. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Classification of embryonic cells was performed solely based on expression patterns of human pluripotency-associated transcripts (HPAT), which represent a family of primate-specific transposable element-derived lincRNAs highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells and regulating nuclear reprogramming and pluripotency induction. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We then validated our findings by analyzing transcriptomes of 1,708 individual cells recovered from more than 100 human embryos and 259 mouse cells from more than 40 mouse embryos at different stages of preimplantation embryogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Follow-up validation analyses confirmed the emergence in human embryos prior to lineage segregation of telomerase-positive cells co-expressing genetic markers of multiple lineages. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Downregulated UCK2 induced a secretory phenotype, which could improve the microenvironment, and decreased UCK2 remodelling metabolism could lower the resistance of tumour cells to T-cell-mediated killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Either USP7 or PLK1 knockdown by RNAi significantly sensitized taxane-resistant cells to taxane cell killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hatch, E. M. & Hetzer, M. W. Linking micronuclei to chromosome fragmentation. (strangeindia.com)
  • Dicentric chromosomes have important roles in the mitotic stability of chromosomes and the formation of pseudodicentric chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is still a lot to be discovered about how senescent cells work and scientists are very interested in understanding what other roles they might be playing in a wide variety of diseases. (sens.org)
  • Downregulation of UCK2 induced cell cycle arrest and activated the TNFα/NFκB signalling pathway-related senescence-associated secretory phenotype to modify the tumour microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since then, many research teams have become interested in determining the hallmarks of cell senescence, the factors that induce it, and the effect of senescence on other cells and the body as a whole. (sens.org)
  • Nanolive is exhibiting at the ASCB I EMBO Meeting, Cell Bio 2023. (nanolive.ch)
  • Presentation Nanolive is delighted to invite you to attend our upcoming presentation at the Cell Bio Meeting in Boston on December 4, 2023, from 10:15am to 11:00am in Theatre 1. (nanolive.ch)
  • Both BLM and A5 are hydrophilic molecules that depend on transporters or endocytosis receptors to get inside of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • These signals can help recruit immune cells to clear up cellular damage and these molecules can also support tissue repair and remodeling. (sens.org)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Immune cell infiltration level and immune-related functional scores were evaluated to assess the link between tumour microenvironment and UCK2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, NHEJ is the preferred pathway in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while HR is favored in S and G2 phases. (cea.fr)
  • Observations reported in this contribution support the hypothesis of a developmental pathway of creation embryonic lineages and extraembryonic tissues from telomerase-positive pre-lineage cells manifesting multi-lineage precursor phenotype. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CircRNA-PVT1 (circ-PVT1) has been reported to function as an oncogenic circRNA in tumors, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and osteosarcoma ( 13 - 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • these cells can remain metabolically active, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors to result in SASP [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, forced expression of NBPF1 in two p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines also resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest and CDKN1A upregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, condensin is active largely in M phase and promotes the compaction of individual chromosomes. (nih.gov)
  • To test the hypothesis that escape from G1 arrest in drug promotes amplification, we exploited the combination of palbociclib and selumetinib. (babraham.ac.uk)